Unit 4 Body language
【导语】 肢体语言是语言文化的重要组成部分，也许你还没有意识到，在与他人的交流中，肢体语言确实承载了很多的信息。
When we communicate with others， we do not only express ourselves through words， but also through our tones of voice， facial expressions and body language.In fact， many scholars believe that far more information is communicated non-verbally（非口头地）.Body language is just an important part of non-verbal communication.
Learning another language is more than just learning its words and grammar； it also involves learning another culture.We learn much of our body language before we learn to speak from the time we are children.Body language varies from culture to culture， so it's important for us to pay attention.
Sometimes，cultural differences in appropriate body language can cause discomfort or misunderstanding too.For example，there are definite cultural differences in how much distance should be kept between two speakers.If you are used to keeping distance with people， you will feel very uncomfortable when people get closer to you while talking at a party.We call this the “personal comfort zone”.
Another common example of misunderstanding is the use of a smile. In some Asian cultures， a smile can show embarrassment or apology.However，smiling at a teacher who is unhappy with you is probably not a good idea in most English-speaking cultures！
So it's worth learning the cultural differences in body language. Understanding any cultural or regional attitudes can help you improve your communicative（交际的） skills.
【词海拾贝】
1.vary v.变化，使多样化
2.appropriate adj.恰当的
3.zone n.地带，区域，区
4.embarrassment n.窘迫，难堪
【问题思考】
判断正（T）误（F）。
1.It is of great importance for us to understand the differences of body languages in different cultures.（ ）
2.According to the passage，a smile is used to show embarrassment or apology in some African countries.（ ）
答案：1.T 2.F
Ⅰ.重点单词分类记
A.拼写高频单词
1. n.怒气；怒火
2. n.等级；军衔
3. vi.猛冲；突进
4. vi.&vt.拥抱
5. n.成人；成年人
adj.成人的；成熟的
6. n.作用；功能；职能
vi.起作用；运转
7. n.安逸；舒适
vt.减轻（痛苦、忧虑）
8. vt.&vi.接近；靠近；走近
n.接近；方法；途径
答案：1.anger 2.rank 3.dash 4.hug 5.adult
6.fun_ction 7.ease 8.approach
B.联想拓展单词
1. n.主题；对象→ adj.主观的
2. vt.陈述；说明→ n.陈述；说明
3. adj.主要的vi.主修→ n.大多数
4. vt.保护；保卫→ / n.防御；保卫
5. vt.代表；象征→ n.代表（人士）
6. vi.&vt.迎接；问候→ n.迎接；问候；招呼
7. adj.好奇的→ adv.好奇地→ n.好奇心
8. vi.&vt.把……联系起来→ n.社团；联系；联想
9. adj.口语的→ adj.非口语的；未说出口的
10. vt.误解；误会→ n.误解；误会
答案：1.subject subjective 2.state statement
3.major majority 4.defend defence defense
5.represent representative 6.greet greeting
7.curious curiously curiosity 8.associate association
9.spoken unspoken 10.misunderstand misunderstanding
C.识记阅读单词
1.cassette n.
2.dormitory n.
3.flight n.
4.posture n.
5.false adj.
6.truly adv.
答案：1.磁带 2.宿舍 3.飞行；航班 4.姿势；体态
5.错误的；假的 6.真实地；真诚地；真正地
Ⅱ.重点短语快速记
1. 防御；保卫……以免受
2. 很可能……；有希望……
3. 总的来说；通常
4. 相反
5. 丢脸
6. 背对
7. 防御；保卫
8. 舒适；快活；自由自在
9. 对……感到紧张
10. 在大多数情况下
答案：1.defend...against 2.be likely to 3.in general 4.on the contrary 5.lose face 6.turn one's back to 7.in defence 8.at ease 9.be nervous about 10.in most cases
Ⅲ.经典句式应用记
1. （第一个到达的人）was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.（动词不定式作后置定语）
2. （各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同），nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.（not all...表部分否定）
3. （握起拳头）and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening another person.（动词-ing形式作主语）
4.We can often be wrong about each other，so
（这真是件令人惊奇的事）that we understand each other as well as we do！（it作形式主语）
答案：1.The first person to arrive 2.Not all cultures greet each other the same way 3.Making a fist 4.it is an amazing thing
Ⅰ.Fast-reading
1.Read the passage and then try to write down the main idea.
The passage is mainly about .In order to avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads， we had better .
答案：different body languages in different countries study international customs
2.Read the text and match each paragraph with its main idea.
①Para.1 A.Different people have different body languages.
②Paras.（2－3） B.Summary of body language.
③Para.4 C.Meet the visitors at the airport.
④Para.5 D.People from different countries express greetings in different ways.
答案：①C ②D ③A ④B
Ⅱ.Careful-reading
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.Where is Tony Garcia from？
A.Britain. B.Japan.
C.Colombia. D.Canada.
答案：C
2.From Paragraph 2 we know that Japanese prefer to
when they are introduced to others.
A.bow
B.shake hands
C.kiss each other
D.touch others' shoulders
答案：A
3.According to the text，men from the Middle East often .
A.nod heads and wave hands to girls
B.touch others' heads when they first meet
C.kiss each other twice on each cheek when they are introduced to others
D.stand quite close to other men when they talk
答案：D
4.From the text we can know that .
A.people are likely to keep the same distance in different countries
B.men from Muslim countries often stand close to others to shake hands
C.people from the same culture may greet each other in different ways
D.body language has nothing to do with our life and
communication
答案：C
5.From the text，we can infer that people .
A.are facing multicultural communication problems
B.are trying to make progress in English learning
C.need to know more people and make friends with them
D.are doing business with each other
答案：A
Ⅲ.Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1.Yesterday，another student and I，representing our university's student association，went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________
______________________________________________________
答案：昨天，我和另外一名学生代表我们学校的学生会，去首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。
2.After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive，I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________
______________________________________________________
答案：等了半个小时之后，他们的航班到达了，我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。
3.They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek，since that is the French custom when adults meet people they know.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________
______________________________________________________
答案：他们握了握手，并且在对方的面颊上吻了两下，因为法国成年人见到熟人就是这么做的。
4.Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands，but some cultures use other greetings as well，such as the Japanese，who prefer to bow.
[句式分析]
第一个分句：
第二个分句：
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________
______________________________________________________
答案：现在世界上大多数人见面要握手相互问候，但有些文化（背景的人）也采取另外一些寒暄方式，比方说，日本人就更愿意鞠躬。
如何写好关注信
关注信（letter of concern）属于应用文的范畴。关注信是作者就某一个问题或一些现象，表达自己的关心，并提出自己的一些看法和解决办法的文体。
一、基本结构
开头：简单介绍写信的缘由。
主体：针对对方问题（如生病等）进行有针对性的鼓励和安慰，并适当提出自己的建议。注意语气一定要委婉，能体现出自己对对方的关切之情。
结尾：简单的希望或祝福。
二、增分佳句
1.开头常用语。
①I'm shocked/awfully sorry to hear that...
②It was a great shock to hear that...
③It broke my heart to hear that...
④I just can't tell you how sad I was when I heard that...
⑤I can't tell you how sorry I felt when I heard that...
⑥I am writing to express my deep sympathy/care for you.
2.主体常用语。
①I understand how you feel now.
②I know the way you feel very well.
③You'll always have a support in me.
④It's true that attitude decides everything.So you should never give up no matter what happens.
⑤Please let me/us know if there is anything I/we can do.
⑥If I can be of any help，please don't hesitate to let me know.
3.结尾常用语。
①I'm looking forward to...
②I hope our caring will help to comfort you.
③I hope that time will take away the sorrow of your recent loss.
④Remember that my heart and my thoughts are with you.
为了帮助中学生健康成长，某中学英文报开辟了“HEART-TO-HEART”专栏。假设你是该栏目的编辑Jamie，收到一封署名为Worried的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：近日容易发脾气，使正常的学习和生活受到了影响。请用英文给该同学写一封回信。
内容要点如下：
1.表示理解并给予安慰；
2.提出建议并说明理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.信的开头与结尾已写好，但不计入总词数。
参考词汇：temper n.脾气，情绪
Hi Worried，
I'm sorry to know that you're having such a bad time at the moment.___________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Yours，
Jamie
【范文点评】
范 文
点 评
Hi worried，
I'm sorry to know that you're having such a bad time at the moment.①Actually， everyone will have one of those periods when everything seems to be going wrong.②Therefore， it is unnecessary to be worried.You should learn self-control，which can help avoid saying and doing something that you'll regret.The following are three suggestions.
③To begin with，sharing your feelings with your friends and teachers is a good choice as you can remove your negative emotions by doing so.Another effective suggestion is that you should take more physical exercise，which can lift your spirits.④Last but not least，keep an optimistic attitude towards life and you will enjoy the pleasure life has brought to you.
I hope my suggestions will ⑤be of benefit to you.May you get rid of your trouble soon.
Yours，
Jamie
全文结构严谨，语言运用富于变化，层次分明，错落有致，内容充实，建议诚恳。
①actually②therefore③to begin with④last but not least的使用使文章更加连贯，过渡自然有力。
②it作形式主语代替真正的主语不定式。
③动名词作主语，体现了作者扎实的语言功底。
④祈使句＋and＋陈述句，并含有省略了that/which的定语从句，丰富了句式。
⑤be of benefit运用贴切
假设你叫李华，是一家英文杂志社的心理咨询师。某中学生小王给你写信，提到自己偏胖，想节食减肥，征求你的意见。请你给她回一封信，谈谈你对该问题的见解。内容要点如下：
1.健康的重要性；
2.学生的任务；
3.合理建议。
注意：1.短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；
2.词数100左右。
参考词汇：state of mind心态
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
答案：
Dear Xiao Wang，
I have received and read your letter，in which you mentioned that you wanted to lose weight by dieting.
It is natural that young girls at your age hope to look beautiful.However，in my opinion，health is more important than beauty. For a student，studying is the first thing to consider while appearance is the second.So do not let others' opinions affect your normal life.However，if you do want to lose weight，it is a good idea to do it by getting more exercise and changing unhealthy eating habits.The most important thing is that you keep a healthy state of mind，which will help with your studies，and will also help you overcome difficulties in dieting.
I hope my advice will be helpful to you and I'm looking forward to your next letter.
Yours，
Li Hua
A级 基础过关
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
在句中空白处填上适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.A government spokesperson made a （state）to the press.
2.The next morning，I was the first （greet）my father！
3.John has been selected out （represent） his country.
4.The company is developing a new line of fashions in
（associate）with the designer.
5.The woman in the shop looked at them （curious）.
6.The path serves as an approach the boat house.
7.Her （face）expressions tell you how she feels.
8.Are you （true）satisfied with what he said？
9.Speak clearly，or you'll make yourself
（misunderstand）.
10.He is fluent in （speak）English，but is not good at written English.
答案：1.statement 2.to greet 3.to represent
4.association 5.curiously 6.to
7.facial 8.truly 9.misunderstood 10.spoken
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. ，the debate will not be over.
即使他们说的是对的，这场辩论也不会结束。
2.I disagree with what he said just now .
总的来说，我不同意他刚刚说的话。
3.He is always and .
他总是第一个到达，最后一个离开。
4.The naughty boy often ， which makes his teacher very angry.
那个调皮的男孩经常在课堂上做鬼脸，这使他的老师非常生气。
5.He said he was a doctor，but later he a cheat.
他自称是个医生，结果证明他是个骗子。
6.I what they are talking about.
我很想知道他们在谈论什么。
7. do not know English.
我的朋友并不是都懂英语。
8.When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，
till I fell asleep.
我小时候，妈妈常常坐在我的床边给我讲故事，直到我睡着。
答案：1.Even if/though what they said is right
2.in general 3.the first to come the last to leave
4.makes faces in class 5.turned out to be 6.am curious to know 7.All my friends 8.telling me stories
Ⅲ.从方框中选择合适短语的适当形式填空
up and down；at ease；lose face；turn one's back to；in general；watch out；be likely to；in defence of；keep away from；be respectful to
1.If you can't answer this simple question，you'll .
2.It is good manners to the old.
3.I once looked down upon her，so she me.
4.We should persuade the kids to violent computer games.
5.I am a little upset.Give me a cup of tea to put me .
6.They climb mountains this weekend.
7. ，China's painting was flowering after Han Dynasty.
8. for the dog in case it should bite you.
9.The poor girl wandered in the street，not knowing where to go.
10.The soldiers fought bravely their country.
答案：1.lose face 2.be respectful to
3.turned her back to 4.keep away from
5.at ease 6.are likely to 7.In general
8.Watch out 9.up and down 10.in defence of
B级 能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A simple gesture can be formed into a child's memory so quickly that it will cause the child to give a false answer to a question accompanied by that gesture.A new finding suggests that parents， social workers， psychologists and lawyers should be careful with their hands as well as their words.
Gestures can be as informative as speech， but hand gestures are so common that we rarely notice when we're using them.
While the recollection（回忆）of both adults and children is easy to react to suggestion， the memories of children are known to be particularly influenced， said lead researcher Sara Broaders of Northwestern University.Kids are used to looking to adults to tell events for them and can be misled even if not intentionally.
Previous research，for example，has shown that detailed questions often cause false answers； when asked，say，“Did you drink juice at the picnic？”the child is likely to say “yes” even if no juice had been available.It's not that the child is lying on purpose.Rather， the detail is quickly formed into his or her memory.
To avoid this problem， social workers have long been advised to ask children only open-ended questions， such as“What did you have at the picnic？”But an open-ended question paired with a gesture， briefly meaning a juice box，is treated like a detailed question.That is，children become likely to answer falsely.
And it isn't just a few kids： 77% of children gave at least one piece of false information when a detail was suggested by an ordinary gesture.Gestures may also become more popular when talking with non-fluent language users，such as little kids， Broaders said， as hand movements can impart meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases.“It certainly seems reasonable that adults would gesture more with children.”
In general， Broaders advises parents and other adults to “try to be aware of your hands when questioning a child about an event.Otherwise， you might be getting answers that don't reflect what actually happened.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。手势语在一定程度上会增加相互间的理解。然而，它也有消极作用，即误导对方，尤其是会误导孩子。本文探索了其中的原因。
1.According to the text， gestures .
A.have not any fun_ction at all
B.are rarely used by people
C.have certain effect on children
D.are often used by social workers
解析：细节理解题。文章第一段就已经指出手势语对孩子有影响，而全文都在说明这一观点，故选C。
答案：C
2.Why are kids easy to be misled by gestures according to Sara Broaders？
A.These gestures are very attractive.
B.Their memories are affected easily.
C.Children are easy to tell lies.
D.These gestures are used frequently.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句和第三段可知，主要原因是孩子的记忆很容易受到外界，例如具体问题或者暗示性手势等的影响，故选B。
答案：B
3.The underlined word “impart” in Paragraph 6 means“ ”.
A.separate B.tell apart
C.confuse D.pass on
解析：词义猜测题。本段最后一句话说大人对孩子使用更多的手势语是非常有理由的。其原因就是前一句话，即手势语能够传达那些不熟悉的单词和短语的含义。
答案：D
4.What would be the best title for the text？
A.Gestures—a Useful Way of Education
B.Gestures Can Mislead Children
C.Gestures Mean Adults' Directions
D.Gestures Affect Children Much
解析：标题归纳题。整篇文章主要介绍了一项研究结果，手势语会对孩子产生误导作用。选项D表达太宽泛。故选B。
答案：B
Ⅴ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Questions to Ask Before Getting Your Child a Cellphone
At what age should you get your child a cellphone？ 1 However， before you decide to add your child to your family plan， ask yourself these questions.
2
If you and your child are not often apart beyond school hours， a cellphone may not be a serious necessity，but if he is independent or involved in extracurricular（课外的）activities outside your home， a cellphone could be useful， especially during emergencies as a convenient means of communication with you.
Does your child understand the cost？
Make sure your child understands the cost of having a cellphone. 3 Some options to help control costs include prepaid and postpaid phones，setting a monthly budget for your child.
How can you keep your child's phone usage safe and under control？
Before you get your child a phone， you should discuss what it can be used for， rules he is expected to follow， and consequences if he fails to follow them. 4
5 If you prefer to take an extra step towards monitoring his phone use， these application programmes allow you to track your child's mobile activity.
A.Who needs a cellphone？
B.How can you determine whether or not to buy a cellphone for your child？
C.You ask your child to make use of his cellphone for learning.
D.Also be sure that he can be trusted to stay within his limits from month to month.
E.Also， educate yourself on what social media Apps are popular with teens.
F.According to Pew Research Centre， the average age is between 12 and 13.
G.For example， is the phone only to be used to call family， or can it be used socially？
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。孩子要不要买手机？什么时候给孩子买手机合适？为什么需要手机？如何规划手机产生的费用？文章就这些问题给出了适当的解释。
1.解析：根据文章的大意和本段首句中的关键信息词“At what age”可知，回答的问题涉及孩子的年龄，故选项F符合语境。
答案：F
2.解析：根据下一段中的两个if条件句，“如果你孩子不常离开你们……”和“如果你孩子很独立或常参加课外活动……”来确定该不该买手机，由此可推断出该段的标题为“How can you determine whether or not to buy a cellphone for your child”。
答案：B
3.解析：由上一句提出的“the cost of having a cellphone”和后一句分析的几种选择的方式可知，此空该填入D项合适。此外， “Also be sure”与“Make sure”相呼应。
答案：D
4.解析：由前一句中的关键信息“discuss what it can be used for，rules...and consequences if he fails to follow them”即可推断出，“For example；is the phone only to be used to call family，or can it be used socially”符合语境。G项举例说明了孩子该如何使用手机。
答案：G
5.解析：由空格后一句中的关键信息“these application programmes allow you to track your child's mobile activity”即可推断出E项符合语境。E项中的“social media apps”与下文中的“these application programmes”相呼应。
答案：E
Ⅵ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Body language is the quiet， secret and most powerful language of all！It speaks 1 than words.According to specialists， our bodies send out more 2 than we realize.In fact， non-verbal（非言语）communication takes up about 50% of what we really 3 .And body language is particularly 4 when we attempt to communicate across cultures.Indeed， what is called body language is so 5 a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. 6 ， different societies treat the 7 between people differently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having 8 contact （接触） even with friends， and certainly not with 9 .People from Latin American countries， 10 ， touch each other quite a lot.Therefore， it's possible that in 11 ， it may look like a Latino is 12 a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino， trying to express friendship， will keep moving 13 Ｗ.The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness， will keep 14 —which the Latino will in return regard as 15 .
Clearly， a great deal is going on when people 16 .And only a part of it is in the words themselves.And when parties are from 17 cultures， there's a strong possibility of 18 .But whatever the situation is， the best 19 is to obey the Golden Rule： treat others as you would like to be 20 .
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了肢体语言的作用，以及在不同文化里肢体语言的不同含义。通过学习本文我们可以了解文化的趣味性。
1.A.straighter B.louder
C.harder D.further
解析：由首句“肢体语言是所有语言中沉默、秘密而又最有威力的语言！”可知，本句应表示“肢体语言比语言更有说服力”，所以本题选择louder。
答案：B
2.A.sounds B.invitations
C.feelings D.messages
解析：我们的肢体发出多于我们可以意识到的信息。身体发出的是message“信息”。sound泛指“自然界的一切声音”；invitation“邀请”；feeling“感情，感受”，均不符合句意。
答案：D
3.A.hope B.receive
C.discover D.mean
解析：事实上，非言语交际占据了我们真正意思的大约50%。mean“意思是，本意是”。
答案：D
4.A.immediate B.misleading
C.important D.difficult
解析：根据下文论述可知，当涉及跨文化交流时，肢体语言尤为重要，故选important“重要的”。immediate“立刻的”，表示动作的直接性和迅速性；misleading“误导的”；difficult“困难的”。
答案：C
5.A.well B.far
C.much D.long
解析：肢体语言几乎已经成为我们的组成部分，以致常常被忽视。此处实际上是对“so much a（n）＋名词”的用法的考查。四个选项中有此用法的只有much。
答案：C
6.A.For example B.Thus
C.However D.In short
解析：下文是举例，故选For example“例如”。thus“因此”；however“然而”；in short“简而言之”。
答案：A
7.A.trade B.distance
C.connections D.greetings
解析：不同的社会对于人们之间的距离有不同的认识。下文的北欧人和拉丁美洲人等的例子都与distance“距离”有关。
答案：B
8.A.eye B.verbal
C.bodily D.telephone
解析：北欧人通常不喜欢肢体的接触，故选bodily“身体的”，10空后面的“touch each other”是提示。
答案：C
9.A.strangers B.relatives
C.neighbours D.enemies
解析：北欧人不喜欢和朋友有肢体上的接触，更不用说陌生人了。enemies虽然与friends相对，但此处是说不同国度文化的差异，并不是敌我的分歧。
答案：A
10.A.in other words B.on the other hand
C.in a similar way D.by all means
解析：由上文可知，此处表示语意的转折，故选on the other hand“另一方面”，本句讲到拉丁美洲人喜欢肢体接触。in other words“换句话说”；in a similar way“用相似的方法”；by all means“当然可以”。
答案：B
11.A.trouble B.conversation
C.silence D.experiment
解析：trouble“麻烦”；conversation“谈话，交谈”；silence“寂静，沉默”；experiment“实验”。in conversation“在交谈中，在会话中”。
答案：B
12.A.disturbing B.helping
C.guiding D.following
解析：在交谈中，北欧人不喜欢肢体接触，拉丁美洲人喜欢肢体接触，所以我们看到的很可能是一个拉丁美洲人跟随一个挪威人移动，故选following“跟随”。
答案：D
13.A.closer B.faster
C.in D.away
解析：拉丁美洲人喜欢肢体接触，为了表示友好，会离挪威人越来越近，故选closer“更近地”。
答案：A
14.A.stepping forward B.going on
C.backing away D.coming out
解析：挪威人不喜欢肢体接触，会一直向后退，故选backing away“后退”。step forward“前进”；go on“继续”；come out“出版；发芽”。
答案：C
15.A.weakness B.carelessness
C.friendliness D.coldness
解析：挪威人的后退反过来会让拉丁美洲人觉得是冷漠。weakness“虚弱”；carelessness“粗心”；friendliness“友谊”；coldness“冷漠”。
答案：D
16.A.talk B.travel
C.laugh D.think
解析：选项中的talk“交谈”与第11空的“conversation”相呼应，且文章主要讲述交谈中的肢体语言。
答案：A
17.A.different B.European
C.Latino D.rich
解析：different“不同的”；European“欧洲的”；Latino“拉丁美洲的”；rich“富裕的”。different cultures“不同的文化”。
答案：A
18.A.curiosity B.excitement
C.misunderstanding D.nervousness
解析：当来自不同文化的人聚会时，很可能会出现误解，故选misunderstanding“误会，误解”。curiosity“好奇心”；excitement“兴奋”；nervousness“紧张”。
答案：C
19.A.chance B.time
C.result D.advice
解析：此处是针对避免误解而提出建议，故选advice“建议”。chance“机会”；time“时间，次数，倍数”；result“结果”。
答案：D
20.A.noticed B.treated
C.respected D.pleased
解析：用你希望被别人对待你的方式去对待别人，B选项与前面的“treat others”相呼应，一个是主动形式，一个是被动形式（to be treated）。
答案：B
课件110张PPT。Unit 4 Body language单元质量评估（四）
时间：100分钟 分数：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
A Lesson Plan from Life Planning Education：
A Youth Development Programme
Purpose：To learn about body language and how to use body language
Materials（材料）： Cards； container
Time：25-35 minutes
Planning Notes：·Write the words below on cards：angry·disappointed·shy·afraid·sad·happy·nervous·excited·bored
·Place the cards in the container so volunteers can draw them out one at a time.
Steps：
First make sure that all volunteers know what body language means （expressing feelings through body movement and facial expressions）.Go over the following instructions：
·I'll need at least 9 volunteers to play a game similar to charades（猜词游戏）.
·The first volunteer will draw a card with a feeling written on it and act out the feeling without using words.
·The rest of the group will guess what feeling is being communicated.Once someone correctly guesses the feeling， the next person in line will draw a card and act out what is written on it， again without words.
·The game will continue until there are no more cards or until time is up.
At last，end the activity using the discussion points below：
·Can you give examples of when someone's body language communicated a different message from what he/she actually said？
·Sometimes one person is offended（冒犯）by another's body language.How can you work to keep that from happening？ Answers may include： be honest and direct；match your non-verbal messages to your verbal ones； be aware of cultural attitudes toward different kinds of body language.
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。文章是有关肢体语言运用的课程设计。
1.To whom is the text most likely written？
A.Teachers. B.Students.
C.Volunteers. D.Young parents.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章标题“A Lesson Plan from Life Planning Education：A Youth Development Programme”及文章内容介绍可知，本文是一堂课的课程设计内容，由此可知，文章的受众是教师。
答案：A
2.What do we know about the game？
A.One volunteer draws all cards.
B.Volunteers guess feelings one by one.
C.Each volunteer is given 25-35 minutes.
D.Feelings on cards are shown nonverbally.
解析：细节理解题。根据“Steps”部分中的“The first volunteer...without using words”及“the next person in line... again without words”可知，志愿者们在做猜词游戏时，避免使用话语，只能用表演的方式呈现卡片上表示感觉的单词。
答案：D
3.What are you advised to do to avoid offensive body language？
A.Learn about different cultures.
B.Behave humourously.
C.Act indirectly.
D.Just let it be.
解析：推理判断题。根据“Steps”部分中的“be aware of cultural attitudes toward different kinds of body language”可知，为避免肢体语言冒犯他人，应该学习了解不同的文化。
答案：A
B
Ross Griffiths woke up one morning aged 16 months unable to speak.This five-year-old boy was only two weeks ago diagnosed（诊断）with a condition so unusual that it hasn't been named and is instead known as 15q11.2.
Ross Griffiths has struggled to get back his communication skills， but has always been too shy to use his sign language away from home and school.But after seeing a video of Middlesbrough's Cleveland Centre Father Christmas signing with three-year-old Mali Williams，Ross told his mum that he wanted to sign with Father Christmas，too.
Ross and his family went to see Father Christmas yesterday，along with Mali， who was invited back for a second visit.Father Christmas set up the special second meeting with Mali where he gave her a lovely doll.
As crowds of children and parents awaited the arrival of the big man at the shopping centre， Father Christmas took some time out before his duties to meet again with Mali and with Ross before going on to see all the other children.
Ross's mum Becky Lane hoped that a visit to the special Father Christmas would help Ross get over his shyness.The Father Christmas everyone believes in even learned Makaton specially for his meeting with Ross，as this is the communication method the young boy uses.
“He was too frightened to use his sign language outside the house， but when he saw the video of the girl signing with Father Christmas，it showed him he didn't have to be shy.He did really well.And he got a Pacman game as a gift.Now he's not a shy boy any more，”Becky said.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个害羞的小男孩和圣诞老人用手语交流的故事。
4.According to the text，Ross Griffiths .
A.caught a deadly disease
B.was afraid of communicating with strangers
C.found it hard to learn sign language
D.dreamed of becoming a Father Christmas
解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“Ross Griffiths...has always been too shy to use his sign language away from home and school”可知，罗斯·格里菲斯害怕和陌生人交流，故选B。
答案：B
5.Seeing the video， Ross might feel very .
A.proud B.angry
C.calm D.excited
解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的“after seeing a video...Ross told his mum that he wanted to sign with Father Christmas，too”可知，罗斯看到那个视频时应该感到很兴奋，所以他也很想和圣诞老人用手语对话，故选D。
答案：D
6.What does the underlined word “Makaton” most probably refer to？
A.A form of signing. B.A foreign language.
C.A Christmas song. D.A kind of dance.
解析：词义猜测题。由该词后的“this is the communication method the young boy uses”可知，Makaton是指一种手势语，故选A。
答案：A
7.After meeting Father Christmas， Ross .
A.knew how to shop wisely
B.wanted to go to school again
C.rebuilt confidence in himself
D.could speak like normal people
解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中贝基所说的“Now he's not a shy boy any more”可知，罗斯在见过圣诞老人后找回了自信心，故选C。
答案：C
C
Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling.Recycling in the home is very important of course.However， being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need.We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible， but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.
The total amount of packaging（包装）increased by 12% between 2010 and 2015.It now makes up a third of a typical household's waste in the UK.In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.
Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment.The UK， for example， is running out of it for carrying this unnecessary waste.If such packaging is burnt， it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps， but the process itself uses energy.The solution is not to produce such items in the first place.Food waste is a serious problem， too.Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need.However， a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue， encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags， for example.
But this is not just about supermarkets.It is about all of us.We have learned to associate packaging with quality.We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality.This is especially true of food.But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products， which often have far more packaging than necessary.
There are signs of hope.As more of us recycle， we are beginning to realise just how much unnecessary material we are collecting.We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture，but we have a mountain to climb.
【语篇解读】 文章讲述了人们对于过度包装的危害的认识及人们应有的积极态度，让大家认识到形势的严峻和改变这种状况任务的艰巨。
8.What does the underlined phrase “over-consumption” refer to？
A.Using too much packaging.
B.Recycling too many wastes.
C.Making more products than necessary.
D.Having more material than is needed.
解析：词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“we already have more material than we need.”及画线词所在句可知画线部分的意义应为“过度消费”。
答案：D
9.The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show .
A.the tendency of cutting household waste
B.the fact of packaging overuse
C.the rapid growth of supermarkets
D.the increase of packaging recycling
解析：推理判断题。根据作者在文中使用的数字可知，作者使用数字的目的是让读者清楚地理解过度包装的现实问题。
答案：B
10.According to the text， recycling .
A.helps control the greenhouse effect
B.means burning packaging for energy
C.is the solution to gas shortage
D.leads to a waste of land
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“If such packaging is burnt，it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect.”可知A项正确。
答案：A
11.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4？
A.Unpackaged products are of bad quality.
B.Supermarkets care more about packaging.
C.Other products are better packaged than food.
D.It is improper to judge quality by packaging.
解析：推理判断题。第四段讲述了人们对于包装不好的物品的固有认识，即：人们普遍认为包装不好的物品质量肯定差。故D正确。
答案：D
D
Forget calling the front desk.If you're a guest at an Affinia hotel， the staff（员工）will try to find out what you need just by looking at you.
The Affinia Hotel Collection is improving service in its five hotels in New York City and one each in Chicago and Washington， D.C.Everyone from housekeeping to management will communicate with guests based on body language.
A body language expert trained employees on what cues（信号）to look for.A guest who makes eye contact（接触）while walking down the hall， for example， may be open to conversation.A businessman frequently touching an ear is probably nervous and may be interested in a therapeutic pillow（理疗枕头）.
“So many companies， when they talk about service， they programme it to how many rings till you answer the phone，”says John Moser， marketing officer for Affinia.“That doesn't sound very reasonable.Let's give employees some tools they can use to find out what's the right way to talk with somebody at a particular time.”
Patti Wood， a body language expert who carried out the Affinia training， says she has never seen such training given to all hotel employees.“All of the training is to make sure every single guest is treated as special，”she says.
Staff questions about a guest's day won't disappear， Moser says.But， he says， small talk isn't always enough to get a reading of a guest's needs：“You can't always tell from the first sentence whether someone is happy or unhappy，” he says.“Measuring some of the things they're showing， with the way they're talking to you， can help our employees provide a service that's more personal for them.”
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。为了提供更好的服务，Affinia连锁酒店培训员工识别客人的肢体语言。
12.What are Affinia hotels doing？
A.Understanding their employees better.
B.Setting up new hotels in different cities.
C.Improving their employees' body language.
D.Training employees to understand guests' needs better.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段末的“Everyone from housekeeping to management will communicate with guests based on body language.”及第三段开头“A body language expert trained employees on what cues to look for.”可知，Affinia连锁酒店培训其员工识别客人的肢体语言，以便更好地与其交流。
答案：D
13.What should a hotel employee do if a guest looks into his or her eye？
A.Offer a pillow.
B.Make small talk.
C.Avoid speaking to the guest.
D.Be open to the guest's suggestions.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A guest who makes eye contact while walking down the hall，for example，may be open to conversation.”可知，如果一名客人与酒店服务人员进行眼神接触，说明该客人有交流的意愿。
答案：B
14.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to？
A.The company. B.The service.
C.The phone. D.The hotel.
解析：代词指代题。画线词所在句的意思是：有些公司根据电话铃响几次之后员工才接起电话来设定服务的水准。“it”指代的是服务。
答案：B
15.What does Patti Wood think of Affinia's training？
A.It is completely new.
B.It makes employees feel special.
C.It will take the place of staff questions.
D.It is following some other companies' example.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“she has never seen such training given to all hotel employees”可知，帕蒂·伍德认为这种培训是一种全新的尝试。
答案：A
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Build a Student's Self-confidence
Educating students means more than giving them academic knowledge.Simply knowing a correct response doesn't give a student the confidence to raise his hand to answer a question.Students perform best in constructive learning environments. 16
Provide leadership opportunities for students.Cultivate（培养） important characteristics， including responsibility and independence by assigning students to take different classroom roles.Suitable jobs include hall monitors， audiovisual assistants and classroom helpers. 17
Set achievable goals for each student. 18 Talk with them about your expectations and their individual progress.Reward students for meeting challenges， while persuading struggling students back on track.
Give constructive feedback to help reduce weaknesses and strengthen strengths.Teach students that self-confidence isn't built from praise.Remain honest with each student to encourage them to speak out their problems， instead of avoiding or denying their existence.Make corrections without damaging your students' confidence.
Encourage students to set high standards for themselves. 19 Reinforce（强化）this message with examples and literature.
20 Realize that conquering difficult tasks builds mental toughness and cultivates persistence.Relay this message to your students by asking each one to write a goal that focuses on improving a weak area.Help your students develop relevant attack plans.
A.Push students to improve their weaknesses.
B.Self-confidence games can help students of all ages.
C.Tell your students that they are able to achieve great achievements.
D.They are useless in helping students succeed in the future.
E.You can reduce their doubts with various activities that build confidence.
F.Mastering some duties can help build confidence and erase the fear of trying new experiences.
G.Realize that overcoming self-doubt to achieve objectives can help build students' confidence.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。培养自信对于学生的学业成功来说非常重要，本文告诉我们一些如何培养学生自信的建议。
16.解析：下文列举了一系列老师可以采取的培养学生自信心的措施。故此处选E项，引起下文的论述，老师们可以采用各种各样的活动培养学生的自信心，以减少他们对自己的怀疑。
答案：E
17.解析：本段论述了给学生提供展示领导才能的机会，如让学生担任不同的课堂角色或者安排不同的任务以培养其责任感，故此处选F项，掌握一些职责有助于培养学生的自信心，消除学生对尝试新体验的恐惧。
答案：F
18.解析：根据本段的主题句“Set achievable goals for each student”可知，此处选G项，为每一个学生设立可实现的目标，认识到克服自我怀疑以实现目标有助于增强学生的自信心。
答案：G
19.解析：空处与上一句中的high standards“高标准”相呼应，故选C项，告诉学生他们可以取得重大的成就。
答案：C
20.解析：本段主要论述了通过改善自身的弱点可以培养意志力，故选择A项，鼓励学生改善自身弱点。
答案：A
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It may be difficult to understand non-verbal messages because different cultures have different expectations about eye contact， physical 21 ， etc.
Let's consider eye contact.Children from many Latin American and Asian 22 show respect by avoiding the glance of important persons.A teacher who's 23 with this，however， might consider the lack of eye contact as a sign of 24 .For many American Indian children， 25 a teacher in the eye and answering her question in front of the class is “showing off”.
Culture greatly 26 attitudes towards physical contact，whether it's a handshake， hug， or pat on the back.In Asia， female friends 27 hold hands and men casually（随便地）hug one another as they walk down the street.Americans， however， may feel 28 with such public behaviour.In some Asian cultures， affectionately patting a（n） 29 head is strictly taboo（禁忌的）， 30 it can be acceptable behaviour between adults and young children.
How 31 should people stand to each other when they're having a conversation？ In areas of the Middle East and South America，people stand very close when 32 .Europeans like to have 33 distance between them，while some Africans 34 even more space.You can 35 great discomfort by standing too close to another person.Not being 36 of this can even prevent someone from understanding or 37 the ideas you're trying to get across.
To create a positive environment for communication，your non-verbal message must closely 38 your verbal message.One way to do this is to carefully observe how children and families speak and 39 around each other and with people they respect.This can 40 clues about the true meaning of their non-verbal interactions.
【语篇解读】 本文为一篇说明文，讲述了不同的文化对眼神接触、身体接触等有不同的理解。另外，不同的文化对人与人之间站立距离远近的理解也有所不同。所以，要想真正了解一种文化，一定不要忽视无声语言所传达的信息。
21.A.exercise B.touch
C.education D.strength
解析：physical touch意为“身体接触”。第26空后的“physical contact”亦是提示。
答案：B
22.A.schools B.villages
C.homelands D.cultures
解析：第一段已提到不同文化（different cultures）中人们对视线接触、身体接触等有不同的理解。此处举例说明，故此空填“文化”一词。
答案：D
23.A.uncertain B.angry
C.unfamiliar D.popular
解析：在拉美和亚洲文化中，小孩回避他人的视线是对其尊敬的表现。而对此不了解的老师会误以为这是缺乏尊重。be unfamiliar with意为“对……不熟悉”。
答案：C
24.A.disrespect B.idea
C.danger D.disappointment
解析：此空前的however说明此句与前一句之间是转折关系。既然前一句说是“show respect”，此处应当是“a sign of disrespect”。
答案：A
25.A.seeing B.staring at
C.looking at D.glancing at
解析：look sb in the eye意为“直视某人”。
答案：C
26.A.influences B.supports
C.observes D.reduces
解析：在文章首段中说“不同的文化对视线接触、身体接触等有不同的期待”，然后在第二段讲视线接触在不同文化中的不同理解，故此段则是讲physical contact在不同文化中的影响，即“文化极大地影响到人们对身体接触的态度”。
答案：A
27.A.never B.often
C.seldom D.sometimes
解析：由于男性之间可以随意地拥抱一下，故可推测女性朋友之间手拉手是常事。
答案：B
28.A.pleased B.comfortable
C.mad D.uncomfortable
解析：由该句的however可知，在亚洲文化中很自然的行为，在美国文化中却令人感到不舒服。
答案：D
29.A.child's B.baby's
C.adult's D.man's
解析：在一些亚洲文化中，摸成人的头是严格禁止的，但是成人和小孩之间摸头是可以接受的。
答案：C
30.A.because B.although
C.unless D.if
解析：前后之间是让步关系，故用although。
答案：B
31.A.far B.closely
C.properly D.close
解析：从本段的“people stand very close，distance，standing too close”等可知，本段是谈人与人之间站立时相隔的距离。
答案：D
32.A.talking B.eating
C.waiting D.listening
解析：此处“when talking”与前一句的“when they're having a conversation”意思一样。
答案：A
33.A.more B.less
C.no D.little
解析：来自中东和南美的人谈话时站得很近，而欧洲人需要的心理距离要更大一些。
答案：A
34.A.hate B.prefer
C.wish D.dream
解析：该句中的while表示对比。非洲人需要的心理距离更远。
答案：B
35.A.change B.expect
C.create D.accept
解析：双方谈话时，站得太近，超过可接受的心理距离，人就会感到极不舒服。create“引起；造成”。
答案：C
36.A.afraid B.ashamed
C.proud D.aware
解析：对谈话时的心理距离要清楚，否则会造成麻烦。be aware of意为“意识到，知道”，符合语境。be afraid of“害怕”；be ashamed of“以……为羞愧”；be proud of“以……为豪”，均不符合语境。
答案：D
37.A.suggesting B.considering
C.refusing D.accepting
解析：此空前的or表示选择关系，说明此空的内容与前面的understanding意思相近。意识不到人们交流时默认的心理距离甚至会阻碍他人理解或接受你试图传达的意思。
答案：D
38.A.pass B.explain
C.match D.prepare
解析：非语言信息与语言信息要相配（match）、要一致。
答案：C
39.A.talk B.behave
C.use D.look
解析：这些文化差异可通过观察小孩和家人间的谈话及举止方式（behave）来了解。
答案：B
40.A.provide B.support
C.prove D.search
解析：这样就可为你真正理解他们的非语言交流提供（provide）线索。
答案：A
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Although it could not compete with the speed of e-mail today， the 1800's experienced a revolution in communication that played an important role in creating the tradition of the Christmas greeting card.41. （help） by the new railway system， the public postal service made corresponding a popular past time.In England， Sir Henry Cole recognized the advantage of 42. more efficient mail service and initiated（开始）the practice of sending Christmas greeting cards 43. friends.
The first card 44. （design） by J.C.Horsley as a commercial endeavor.One thousand copies were sold in London，
45. soon others followed suit.An English 46. （art）， William Egley， produced a popular card in 1849.Louis Prang， a German born printer， working from 47. shop in Massachusetts， printed his first American cards in 1875.Even more 48. （importance） than his printing was the fact 49.
he did more than anyone else to popularize the cards by instituting nationwide contests for the best Christmas designs，50. were awarded cash prizes.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍圣诞卡的由来及在沟通方面所起的重要作用。
41.解析：因help与公共邮政服务之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。
答案：Helped
42.解析：指一种更高效的邮政服务，表示“一种”用不定冠词a。
答案：a
43.解析：句式搭配send sth to sb表示“给某人送某物”。
答案：to
44.解析：在句中作谓语表示被动且用一般过去时。
答案：was designed
45.解析：用连词and连接两个并列句。
答案：and
46.解析：从后面的同位语William Egley可知这里填与art有关的人，即artist。
答案：artist
47.解析：从后面的“his first American cards”可知是他的商店。
答案：his
48.解析：这是一个倒装句，主语是the fact，空格要求填的词在句中作表语，故用形容词。
答案：important
49.解析：引导同位语从句，说明the fact的具体内容，本身无实际意义，也不作成分，但一般不省略。
答案：that
50.解析：引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词designs。
答案：which
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（）画掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last weekend，I went to visit my grandparents with Dad.On way back，we met so much red lights that Dad shut down the engine to save gas.Unfortunate，when the lights turn green，Dad couldn't start the car again.Stuck on the traffic，we didn't know what to do.
Just then，a car stopped on the right side，and the driver was offered to help push our car to the roadside.We were so grateful.With his car preventing other car passing，he and I pushed his car aside as Dad controlled the wheel in the car.
Dad thanked the driver but soon Dad's friends came to our rescue，restart our car with new batteries.
答案：
Last weekend，I went to visit my grandparents with Dad.On way back，we met so red lights that Dad shut down the engine to save gas. ，when the lights green，Dad couldn't start the car again.Stuck the traffic，we didn't know what to do.
Just then，a car stopped on the right side，and the driver offered to help push our car to the roadside.We were so grateful.With his car preventing other passing，he and I pushed car aside as Dad controlled the wheel in the car.
Dad thanked the driver soon Dad's friends came to our rescue， our car with new batteries.
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假设你叫李明，你的外国朋友Andrew来上海旅游，回国后因天气和旅途劳累等原因病倒了，请你给他写一封慰问信。词数100左右。
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答案：
Dear Andrew，
I was very sorry to hear that you have been ill since you returned to your home from China，and that your illness was caused by the bad weather in Shanghai last week.
We had a wonderful time while you were here，forgetting that the weather in Shanghai is very different from that in New York.You must also have been very tired after travelling such a long distance in such a short time.So I suggest you get some rest， and if necessary，go to see a doctor.Don't worry too much about your studies.You'll catch up with others soon once you recover.
I am looking forward to your early recovery.
Sincerely yours，
Li Ming
