高考英语语法考查直接写答案法则精讲精练（有答案）

高考英语语法考查直接写答案法则精讲精练
一、动词考查
1、when 与 while
when之后一般要用过去式，while 之后一般要用过去进行时。
【实例1】When I_____ (get )home, my mother was cooking dinner.
【答案】got
【实例2】While my mother________(cook) dinner, I entered the kitchen.
【答案】was cooking
【练习】1.While he _______(play) computer games, his father came into his study.
2.He was playing computer games when his father ______(come) into his study.
3.She was about to go out for a walk when the telephone ______(ring).
【答案】1. was playing; 2.came; 3.rang
2、by
语法填空里，空格之后有“by”，则空格里考虑填“be +动词 ed”,但是如果前面已经 有了动词，则空格里直接用“ed”就可以，此时不需要加 be 动词。(注:这里的 be 代表 am/is/are, was/were，been, 这里的动词 ed 形式指的是过去分词，不是过去式)
【实例1】This is a best movie ________ (direct) by Zhang Yimou.
【答案】directed
【解析】前有动词 be，后面的动词直接用 ed 形式，无需再加 be
【实例2】This movie _____________ (direct)by Zhang Yimou.
【答案】was directed
【解析】前无动词，后必 be+“ed”表示 被动语态
【练习】1.Wuhan ________(call) Hot City by people has changed a lot in recent 5 years.
【答案】called
3、最高级，序数词，only，just，neve r等词?之后一般要用 to do.
【实例1】 He is the first one _________( come) to school.
【答案】to come
【解析】在序数词修饰的名词或代词之后的动词要用不定式填空。
【练习】1.Tom hurried to the station, only_______(find) the train had left.
2.She left the sad city, never______(return) again.
【答案】1.to find ; 2.to return
4、“and”“or”?“then”
前后词性一致，时态一致，结构一致，意思一致。
【实例1】Last year, we went to Japan and _______(work) there for a while.?
【答案】worded
【解析】句子用and并列两个谓语，这种并列的谓语在时态上要一致。
【练习】He came into the classroom and ______(ask) us where our monitor was,then ______(leave).
【答案】asked, left
5、完成时的标志词(核心考点)
? ? “for+一段时间” , “ 一段时间+before”, in recent years, up till/to now, already, ever, never, yet, ?so far, recently 表示完成时的标志词，动词要变成“have done”。
【实例1】I have already _______(see)the film.
【解析】答案have seen。句子中有常与现在完成时连用的副词already。
【实例2】Up to now man_________ (invent) many new things.
【解析】答案has invented。up to now(到目前为止)是现在完成时的标志词。
【练习1】In recent years several bridges ________(build) over the Yangzi River.
【答案】have been built
【练习2】His grandfather ________ (die) for 10 years
【答案】has been dead
【练习3】It ______(be) 8 years since he joined the Army.
【答案】is/has been
6、“when，while，before ，after”等词
? ? 直接跟动词时，要加“ing”。
? ? 【实例1】Before _______(go) to school, he listened to an English program.
【解析】答案going。Before going=Before he was going ,当从句主语和主句主语相同，且从句谓语中有be动词，常常省略从句的主语和be动词。
【练习】While ______(walk) the dog, you were careless and it got loose….
【答案】walking
7、“when，where，what，how, whether”
这些疑问词之后有动词V，动词前要加 to。
【实例1】I want to know where _____( go ).
【解析】答案to go。疑问词+不定式（短语）常作宾语。
【实例2】He didn’t know how _______(answer) him.
【解析】答案to answer。疑问词+不定式（短语）常作宾语。
【练习1】When _______(start) has not been decided.
【答案】to start
【练习2】My question is what _______(eat) at noon.
【答案】to eat
8、“形修名，副修动，两动之间要有 to”
一般情况下，两个动词之间要“to”，凡事有例外，任何事情也不是绝对的，但是，look forward to, key to, be used to, pay attention to, make contribution to 等词组之后要用 doing。
【实例1】He planned _______(complete) the work before dark.
【解析】答案to complete。动词plan, want, allow, pretent, try one’s best等后常接不定式（短语）作宾语。
【实例2】I’m looking forward to________(go) abroad for the further study.
【解析】答案going。look forward to短语中的to是介词，介词后常用doing形式。
【练习1】They have been used to_______(get)up early and _____(go) to bed late.
【答案】getting, going
【练习2】After graduating from college, he devoted himself to________( complete) his research work.
【答案】completing
9、关于花费
spend 之后出现动词，要加 ing; take 和 cost 之后出现动词要用 to do。
【实例1】He spent 3 years _______(finish) writing his new novel.
【解析】答案finishing。spend money/time (in) doing sth。第二个动词要有doing形式。
【实例2】It took us 30,000 yuan _______( buy) the log cabin.
【解析】答案to buy。It takes/took sb. to do sth. 这里用动词不定式（短语）作真正的主语，it 为形式主语。
【练习1】It cost him 100 yuan _______(buy) the sweater last week.
=It took him 100yuan ______(buy) the sweater last week.
=He spent 100yuan ______(buy) the sweater last week.
【答案】to buy, to buy, buying
10、语法填空中，空格前是形容词
?(危险考点) 形容词之后要加 to do ?,即空格里填to do。
除了 busy 和 worth, 这两个词后要用 doing 形式。 (不完全，但常考)。
【实例1】I’m happy_______(hear) the good news.
【答案】to hear
【实例2】It’s difficult for us _______(finish) the work in half an hour.
【答案】to finish
【实例3】The air will be hard _______(breathe) on the mountains.
【答案】to breathe
【练习】1.The novel is worth_______(read).
2.He is busy________(design) his postcard for his girlfriend.
3.That’s beneficial _______(take) exercise every day.
【答案】1.reading ; 2.designing ; 3.to take
11、 “with + 结构
此结构表示伴随，一般位于句子前面用逗号隔开。With后的结构中有动词，则用非谓语动词，根据with后名词与动词的主、被动关系决定动词的形式。
【实例1】With my homework ________(finish), I went out.
【解析】答案finished。介词with的宾语homework与动词finish是被动关系，所以用过去分词填空。
【实例2】With my friend________( lead) the way , I went out.
【解析】答案leading。介词with的宾语friend与动词lead是主动关系，所以用现在分词填空。
【练习】With the smart phone _________(invent),our daily lives have changed a lot.
【答案】invented
12、一山不容二虎(必须背会)
一句话中不能同时出现两个动词，除非这两个动词分别出现在从句和主句中，或者用 and/but 连接，否则第二个动词必须变成 ing 形式，或 ed(过去分词)形式，亦或 to do 形式，也就是非谓语动词形式。
【实例1】He got up, and then_____(go) out.
【答案】went
【实例2】When he got up, he _______(turn) on the radio.?
【答案】turned
【实例3】________(listen) to music, he brushed his teeth.?
【答案】Listening
【实例4】________(follow) by his father ,he went out.
【答案】Followed
【练习1】______(hold) some book in his arm, Mr. Lee came into the classroom.
【答案】Holding
【练习2】______(see) at the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.
【答案】Seen
13、被动语态**
被动语态很神奇，永远跟 to 在一起。
【实例1】He was taught_______(learn) how to plant trees.
【答案】to learn
【解析】在动词make, let,feel,see,hear,notice等动词后常接省去to的不定短语作宾语补足语，在这些动词的被动语态结构中，to要还原。
【练习1】The naughty boy was made ________(stand) for an hour.
【答案】to stand
【练习2】She was often heard ______(sing) this pop music.
【答案】to sing
14、使役动词在高考中的考点
make，have，let之后如果出现动词，要用原形，?但是如果是被动语态，则要加 to.?
【实例1】?I make him ________(water) the tree.
【答案】water
【解析】在动词make, let, feel, see, hear, notice等动词后常接省去to的不定短语作宾语补足语。
【练习】He is made_________(water) the tree.
【答案】to water
15、动词原形位于句首
要用 ing 形式做主语，且之后的谓语动词用单数。?
注意:从句的句首也是句首，逗号隔开的句首也是句首。?祈使句除外。
【实例1】________(play) computer games is popular among young people.
【答案】Playing
【解析】动名词通常表示普遍情况或一般情况，动词不定式表某种特殊情况或临时情况。
【实例2】It is no use _________(persuade) her to change her mind, because she is too stubborn.
【解析】答案persuading。句子中It是形式主语，persuading短语是真正的主语。
【练习1】_______(read) this kind of novel____(be) a waste of time.
【答案】Reading, is
【练习2】________(travel) around the countryside is good for our health.
【答案】Travelling/Traveling

二、名词考查
1、one of
one of 之后若有名词，则用名词复数形式; 若既有名词又有形容词，则先填最高级，再填复数名词，最高级之前要加 the。
【实例1】The house is one of the cheapest ________(house) in the area.
【解析】答案houses。在one of…中，后面的名词要用复数形式。
【练习】The Yangzi River is one of the longest ________(river) in the world.
【答案】rivers
2、名词的尾缀为“s”
修饰词用 many,不能用 much。many/ a number of +名词复数；much / a little + 不可数名词。
【实例1】There aren’t many _______(leaf) left.
【答案】leaves
【实例2】A great number of ________(tourist) come to Wuhan to visit Yellow Crane Tower every year.
【答案】tourists
【练习】用many, much填空：
1、 He has ______ time and money for his hobbies.
2、 ______ students want to study abroad these years.
3、 Eating too_______ junk food is harm to our health.
4、 You should remember as _______ English words as possible so that you can quickly understand the passage when you are doing your homework.
【答案】1.much; 2.Many; 3.much; 4.many
3、 ”be动词+of+抽象名词”
这个词组相当于“be+形容词”，具体表述为 be 动词加 of 加抽象名词，等同于 be 动词加相对应的形容词。
be +of + use—— be useful (注意语法填空与短文改错中相互替换)
be of help = be helpful He is of help. = He is helpful.
【实例1】It is of ______(important) for us to learn English well.
【答案】importance
【实例2】I don’t want to hear what you are saying. It is no ________(interested) to me.
【答案】interest
【练习】同义句转换The vase is of ________ for his research.
=The vase is _________ for his research. (value)
【答案】value, valuable
4、数字+名词
如果是数字大于一，或者有many, a few等修饰，无论中间相隔多少词，名词一定是复数，即名词结尾加s或es.
注意：a number of , a lot of 后接复数名词（单复同形的例外）；
a little, a bit of, much后接不可数名词；
a lot of, some, a quantity of, several 后可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词。
【实例1】Few_________(person) know whether the story is true or not
【答案】persons
【实例2】Eating so many ______(orange) is bad for teeth.
【答案】oranges
【练习】There is little _______(drink) in the fridge. Please go and buy some.
【答案】drink
5、不定指代词
?“ another + 单数” 表示“另外一个”；“other + 复数” 表示“其余的”；“any other+单数” 表示“其余任一个”，这三个词组注意，之后跟的单复数情况。
【实例1】This is too big, please give me another _______(pair) to try.
【答案】pair
【实例2】Li Lei is taller than any other________(student) in our class.
【答案】student
【实例3】Mary is much fatter than the other ______(girl).
【答案】girls
【练习】1. I have bought two cars, my wife wants to buy another______(one).
2. Every afternoon we all play in the park. Some persons walk, the other______(person) dance.
3. The population of China is even larger than any other________(country) in the world.
【答案】1. one; 2. persons; 3. country

三、形容词和副词考查
1、逗号
在语法填空中，逗号隔开一个词，如果有提示词(形容词)，则填这个词的副词形式，即加 ly，如果无提示词，则优先考虑 however ,therefore,其次考虑 moreover，otherwise。
【实例1】________(luck), he escaped from the fire.
【答案】Luckily
【实例2】___________ (unfortunate)，he fell off the bike.
【答案】Unfortunately
【实例3】He earned a lot of money , _________, he was addicted to the drug.
【答案】however
【练习】1.__________(gradual), he gets interested in English and studies hard.
2.He has worked hard for 10 years and earned a large sum of money,_________, he wants to buy a big house in Shanghai.
3.________(actual), he is a big liar.
【答案】1.Gradually; 2.therefore; 3.Actually
2、“even，any，much，a little，far”?
之后有空格，提示词为形容词，一定要加比较级，即一般为“er”形式。或是在短文改错中，这些词后的形容词没有用比较级，一定要改为比较级。
【实例1】The population of China is even________(large) than any other country in the world.
【答案】larger
【实例2】Mary is much________ (fat) than the other girl.
【答案】fatter
【练习】1.My elder brother is a little ______(tall) than me.
2.His hometown is far ________(beautiful) than before.
【答案】1.taller；2.more beautiful
3、so……that结构
这个结构中，表示“如此...以至于“。如果后半句有“that+句子”，前半句要考虑是否是 so+形容词或副词结构。
注意:一定不能出现 too...that 或者 very...that
【实例1】This boy is so _____(clever) that he can answer many strange questions.
【解析】答案：clever。谓语动词为系动词，so+adj.；谓语动词为实义动词，so+adv.。
【实例2】The boy listens to the teacher so _______(careful) that he understands what he has heard.
【答案】carefully
【练习】1.The child is too young that he can’t go to school.(改错)__________
2.She felt so_________(confident) that he joined in the competition.
【答案】1.将too改为so；2.confident
4、the 之后
在语法填空或者短文改错中，the之后要考虑用序数词或者(形容词或者副词)最高级。如果是在两者之间的比较，在固定句型中，形容词比较级之前也用the。如，“the+形容词比较级+主语+谓语，the+形容词比较级+主语+谓语”。
【实例1】She is the ______(good) girl who I have ever seen.
【答案】best
【实例2】He is the______(two) tallest boy in our class.
【答案】second
【实例2】The _______(many) words you remember, the_______(good) your English is.
【答案】more, better
【练习】1.Yangzi River is one of the _______(long) rivers in the world.
2.Mary is the _____(three) child in Brown’s family.
3.The_____(many) you see, the ______(many) you know.
【答案】1.longest ; 2.third ; 3.more, more
5、感官动词feel，sound, look, go, turn等
这类词之后要跟形容词，不能跟副词。
【实例1】The food smells_______(well), it may not go ______(bad).
【答案】good, bad
【实例2】The little girl turns more and more___________(beautifully).
【答案】beautiful
【练习】We all felt very__________(excite) when the singer appeared on the stage.
【解析】答案：excited。主语表示人，在主系表结构中，用动词的过去分词作形容词充当表语。
6、one of
one of 之后若有形容词，一定要用最高级形式;若既有名词又有形容词，则先填最高级，再填复数名词，最高级之前要加 the。
【实例1】The house is one of_________ (cheap) houses in the area.
【答案】the cheapest
【实例2】Today there are several good things. That we won the match is one of __________(exciting) things.
【答案】the most exciting
【练习】Norman Bethune is one of China’s________(famous) heroes, but he wasn’t Chinese—he was Canadian.
【解析】答案：most famous。在most之前有了China’s这样的限定词了，就不要用the了。The, a与this, that还有my,your之三类限定词，只能用一个，不能同时用。

四、冠词考查
1、定冠词 the?
短文改错中，表示世界上独一无二的，或在固定结构中，the 必须存在 “地球，太阳和月亮，乡下，世界和厨房”务必前面加 the。“earth, sun, moon, countryside, world, kitchen”?。
【实例1】_____earth travels round ______sun.
【答案】The，the
【实例2】My grandparents live in______ countryside.
【答案】the
【练习】Generally speaking, a fridge is in ______ kitchen.
【答案】the
2、单数名词
一般来说，单数名词在同一段话中出现两次，首次需用 a/an 修饰（除了专有名词），第二次出现必须要加“the”。
【实例1】I bought ____ pen yesterday. ______pen cost me 5 yuan.
【答案】a, the
【实例2】I saw ___ stranger and I went away because _____stranger looked terrible.
【答案】a, the
【练习】On my way to school there was _____ apple, but _____ apple was near the dog.
【答案】an, the
3、冠词“a”在词组中的存在
一定要加 a 的词组：
In a hurry 匆匆忙忙地? ? ?
pay a visit to 去拜访? ? ?
make a choice 做出选择?
make a fortune 发财 ?
一定不加“a”的词组： ? ?
make progress 取得进步?
lose heart 灰心? ? ?
in fact 实际上:
4、“可数名词单数不能裸奔”
可数名词单数前要么前面加 a/an/the，或者形容词性物主代词，要么后面加 s。如，beautiful house?，?前要么加 my 或 a ,要么 house 之后加 s。
my beautiful house / a beautiful house 或者 beautiful houses?
言外之意，在考卷中不允许出现形容词+单数名词的情况。

五、介词考查
1、“with + 结构?
? ? 此结构表示伴随，一般位于句子前面用逗号隔开。
? ? 【实例1】_________ the work completed , they went home.
【答案】With
【实例2】________my friend coming up with the way , I solved the problem quickly.
【答案】With
【实例3】_________the teacher’s help, I have developed my English soon.
【答案】With
【练习】1.______the help of my teacher, I have developed my English soon.
2.______ the development of society, the life of Chinese has been improved.
3.______time going by, he gradually forgot the things.
【答案】1.With; 2.With; 3.With
2、及物动词与不及物动词
及物动词，即之后直接跟名词
不及物动词，即之后加介词，再跟名词。?
【实例1】I will help you _____ your work. 可以省略为:I will help _____ your work.?
【解析】 答案：with; with。 但一定不能写成 I will help with you.?常考:listen to music (而不是 listen music)
【实例2】I know the man _____ whom our teacher are talking.
【答案】with
【实例3】Please help me look ______ my pet dog during my travelling.
【答案】after
【练习】1.Which city did your family live____?
2.There is no paper to write ____.
3.How do you deal ______in this situation?
【答案】1.in; 2.on; 3.with

六、连词考查
1、句中有not，never等否定词，句中的并列词用 or,绝不能用 and。
【实例1】I never play basketball ____ play computer games.
【答案】or
【实例2】They will never forget those persons _____things that they have seen before.
【答案】or
【练习】1.He couldn’t read ____ write because he didn’t go to school.
2.She can hardly move ______ say anything.
【答案】1. or ; 2.or
2、What与how
在高考英语短文改错中，how与deal with相搭配，what …think of…相搭配； what 与do with相搭配，how…like…相搭配。
注意：deal 是不及物动词，不接宾语，所以与how搭配；而do是及物动词，do后要接宾语，用what作宾语，所以与what搭配。
【实例】I wonder _____ they deal with the problem.(=I wonder _____ they do with the problem.)
我不知道他们如何处理那个问题的。
【解析】答案how, what。这两句中，介词with的宾语都是the problem,而deal是不及物动词，不带宾语，所以与疑问副词how连用，do是及物动词，要带宾语，所以与疑问代词连用。
【练习】1. I have no idea ______to do with the old car.
2. I don’t know _____ to deal with this matter.
【答案】1.what, 2.how
3、两个半句并列，用逗号隔开
逗号隔开两个半句，如果任何一个半句中都没有连词，则需要在第二个半句前加“and”或“but”或者符合句意的连接词or, however, therefore等（短文改错考点）。
【实例1】
4、动词或介词之后有空格
空格之后有句子，句子不完整，则空格里必填 what?。?
【实例1】I was ashamed of______ I did.?? ? 我为我所做的事情感到羞耻。
【答案】what
? ? 【实例2】I believe ______ you said.?? 我相信你所说的。
【答案】what
【练习】1.He didn’t understand ______ his teacher explained.
2.I didn’t notice _____he did.
【答案】1.what; 2.what
5、祈使句中
后半句表示好的结果，则连接词用 and，
后半句表示坏的结果，则连接词用 or.??
【实例1】Hurry up, _____ we will be late.? 快点，否则我们就迟到了。?
【答案】or
【实例2】Hurry up, _____ we will come on time.? 快点，我们会按时过来。
【答案】and
【练习】1. Work hard,____ you will fail to the exam.
2.Work hard, _____you will pass the exam.
【答案】1.or; 2.and

七、代词考查
1、介词
介词之后的人称代词如果与主语是同一个人，则用反身代词。
【实例1】I am ill. So I must look after ______(me).
【答案】myself?
【实例2】They get dressed by _______(they).
【答案】themselves
【练习】He learned English by ________(he) .
【答案】himself
2、“than,be the same as, be different from等……
若前面的名词为复数，则之后需补一个“those”或“ones”; 若前面的名词是单数或不可数名词，则三个词组之后需加“that”; 如果前面仅是代词，则不考虑以上变化。
【实例1】My apples are more than ______ of yours.
【答案】those
【实例2】My shoes are different from _____ that you are wearing.
【答案】those/ones
【练习】1.This house is the same big as ______ they have lived in.
2.My books are more than _____ you have.
【答案】1.that; 2.those/ones
3、this，that，last，next 之后
这四个词加年，月，日 ，则这四个词前不加任何介词。next Friday , last year 绝不可以说?on next Friday, 或 in last year。

八、其它
1、凡是以“It is”开头
要考虑此句是否是强调句，句中的连接词用“that”。?
强调句的结构为:It is +…+that+…
强调句有个原则，? 去掉 it is ...that 三个词，剩余部分无语病。?
【实例】It was she(not her) who/that invited you to the party.?是她邀请你来参加聚会的。
2、长难句断句原则
掐头去尾留中间，中间不是从句就是非谓语动词。?
说到非谓语动词，主伴 doing,被伴 ed(过去分词)
长难句扩写，缩写原则:
? ? 介词短语可删，定语从句可删，非谓语可删，副词可删，
? ? 名词之后的成分称为后置定语，可删
? ? 句子之前的成分称为状语或状语从句，可删。