高中英语定语从句详解学案

定语从句/2018版
1， 什么是定从？
跟在名词或代词后面（位置），起修饰作用的句子（作用），译为“…的”。
2， 定从两步走？
1， 找先行词，找从句（从引导词到句完 或 到第二个谓语动词前）。
2， 把先行词代入从句，判断在从句中作什么成分，选择相应的引导词。
3， 引导词有哪些？如何选引导词？
引导词：关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as
关系副词：when, where, why
1. 先行词是sb, 在从句中作主语：who, that. / 在从句中作宾语：who, whom, that, 不填。
2. 先行词是sth, 在从句中作主语：which, that. / 在从句中作宾语：which, that, 不填。
3. 先行词是time, 在从句中作时间状语：用when 或介词+which. / 在从句中做主语或宾语，同2.
4. 先行词是place,在从句中作地点状语，用where 或介词+which. / 在从句中做主语或宾语，同2.
5. 先行词是reason, 在从句中作原因状语，用why 或 for which. / 在从句中做主语或宾语，同2.
6. 先行词和引导词后的名词构成所有格时：用whose.（可指人和物）
7. As的用法：用于几个特殊句式,表“正如”：as we all know, as you can see, as you can imagine, as we planned,等等。
8. 先行词是way有三种引导方式：way in which/that/不填…
9. Such…as…定从句型：（如此…正如…）
Eg1: He’s not such a fool as he looks.
Eg2: I never heard such stories as he tells.
4， 限制性和非限制性定从有什么区别？
1. 非限定性定从：引导词前有逗号，限定性定从没有逗号。
2. 非限定性定从（有逗号）：不能用that 引导。
3. 非限定性定从：引导词可指代先行词，也可指整个主句（翻译成“这…”）；限定性定从：引导词只能指代先行词。
5， 只能用which/who或只能用that的情况：
1. 用that不用which/who
a. 不定代（当先行词是all, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing, everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰的时候）
b. 被修饰（当先行词被the first, the greatest, the only, the very修饰时）
c. 含人&物（当先行词既含人，又含物的时候）
d. 作表语（当先行词在从句中作表语时）
e. Who/which开头
2. 用which/who不用that
a. 有逗号，没that（非限）
b. 有介词，没that（介词+which / who）

六．例句：
引导词是关系代词：
1. God help those who help themselves.
2. He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
3. He who is always content（满意的）is always happy.
4. Feng Shaofeng and Zhao Liying are popular stars who just got married.
5. The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.
6. The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Porter.
7. Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
8. These are the students who won the first prize last week.
9. The man who is selling apples is called Tom.
10. This is a dream which will never come true.
11. He is the man who/that wants to see you.
12. The man whom I want to see is him.
13. She was the girl whom/that I saw in the restaurant.
14. Mary is a student who is kind and beautiful.
15. I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
16. I know the girl whose father is a doctor.
17. Give me the book whose cover is blue.
18. The girl whose hair is brown won the competition.
19. He lives in a villa whose history is longer than his father.
20. ?You’re the only one whose advice he might listen to.
21. The picture (that) we are looking at was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.
22. This is an old computer which works much slower.
23. Edison invented the light bulb which changed people’s life.
24. Lily sent me a box of cake which was made in England.
25. This is the pen whose owner is a talented student.
26. This is the pen (which) you want.
27. The picture which is taken by me is professional（专业的）.
28. Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
29. The coat that I put on the desk is blue.
30. The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
28. The film which we saw last night was wonderful.
29. The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
30.He is the famous teacher whom Li Ming is talking to.
31.Do you remember the old man and the dogs that we met last week?
引导词是关系副词：
(when)
1.I can well remember there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never kept me spellbound.
2.I can well remember the first day when I went to college.
3.The days when people rode horses for travelling were gone.
4.Do you know the day when your mother was born?
5.The mid-term examinations will happen in November when the weather will be colder.
6.I shall never forget the days when（on which）we worked on the farm.
7.By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.

(where)
1.Baoji is the place where (in which) I was born.
2.I love Xi’an where I work.
3.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
4.I still remember the place where I met her for the first time.
5.This is the house where I lived two years ago.
6.Maybe the earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has developed gradually. (Where = on which)
7.He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
8.There is no such dictionary where/ in which you can find everything.
(抽象地点名词：situation, point, career, activity等)
9.Teaching is a kind of career where you can have fun with kids.
10.It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
11.Those successful deaf dancers think dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.
(why)
12.Can you tell me the reason why (for which) the car broke down.
13.We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up.
（对比）
14.This is the town which I wanted to visit most.
15.This is the town where I was born.
16.I will never forget the days when we shared all the ups and downs in life.
17.I will never forget the days which I spent at college.
18.I want to know the reason why you are so smart.
19.I don’t believe the reason that you gave me yesterday.
非限定性定从：
20.The house, which was built last year, looks beautiful.
21.He watched too much TV, which made his mom angry.
22.People get nervous when they speak in public, which is understandable.
23.Our class won the competition in the competition, which made us excited.
介词+引导词
24.I have many students to whom I am going to send postcards.
25.She has two daughters, both of whom are doctors.
只用that的情况：
26.I have done all the work that he told me to do.
27.I did nothing that might hurt you.
28.Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.
29.This is the best film that I’ve ever seen.
30.I’ll never forget the first English song that I’ve learned.
31.Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
32.She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.
用who/which不用that的情况：
33.Football, which is a very interesting game, is played in many countries.
34.I’m looking for a container in which I can put all the coins.
定从与强调句型的区别：
35.It is the island where they spent 10 years.
（定从：去掉It is…where…后，句子不完整。）
36.It is on the island that they spent 10 years.
（强调句型：去掉It is …that…后，句子仍然完整。）
练习：
2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.
A. that B. where C. in which D. in that
10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.
A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which
12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.
A. which B. it C. that D. what
13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
14. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.
A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing
22. The train __________ she was travelling was late.
A. which B. where C. on which D. in that
24. Antarctic（南极） __________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. who C. that D. about which
27. May the fourth is the day __________ we Chinese people will never forget.
A. which B. when C. on which D. about which
28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __________ live my grandparents and some relatives.
A. which B. that C. who D. where
31. It is the Suez Canal __________ separates Asia __________ Africa.
A. which, to B. where, from C. that, from D. that, with
34. Is that the reason __________ you are in favor of the proposal?
A. which B. what C. why D. for that
35. He must be from Africa, __________ can be seen from his skin.
A. that B. as C. who D. what
36. He has two sons, __________ work as chemists.
A. two of whom B. both of whom
C. both of which D. all of whom
38. He is a man of great experience, __________ much can be learned.
A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom
40. I don’t like __________ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that
C. the way which D. the way of which
41. The two things __________ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.
A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which
参考答案：
1—5 AADBA 6—10 ABCCA 11—15 AADAD
16—20 CDDBC 21—25 ACBDC 26—30 AADAD
31—35 CABCB 36—40 BBDBA 41—45 BDBBC
46—50 CDBBC