(共57张PPT)
7下 Unit 1 Dream homes知识讲解
1.dream
形容词:理想的,梦想中的
The beautiful garden is a dream place for children to play.
名词:梦想,梦
My dream is to become a singer when I grow up.
动词:做梦
Do you often dream?
dream of 梦想,渴望
dream to do sth。梦想做某事
dream about 梦见,设想,考虑
I hope his dream comes____________.
---What’s your life____________?
---I want to be a teacher when I grow up.
( I dream of / about being a teacher./ My dream is to be a teacher.)
Comic strip
1、Would you like to live in a palace, Eddie.(P 6)
构成的一些专有名词:the Palace Museum, the Summer Palace.
① Would you like/love to do sth.? 用来征求对方意见,意为“你想要做某事吗?”,肯定回答用Yes, I’d like/love to.
否定回答用“Sorry, I am afraid......”或No, thanks.或I’d like to, but ...。
例如: ---Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?
--- Yes, I’d like to.
② Would you like sth.表示“你想要……吗?”,肯定回答用Yes, please。否定回答用No thanks.
例如。---Would you like some apples? --- No thanks。
palace “皇宫,宫殿”, 指古代皇帝的宫殿或主教、大主教的住宅,也可表示“豪华住宅”“公共娱乐大厦”。
Palace(首字母大写)与the连用,可表示“宫廷中显要的人”,尤指国王或王后,此时谓语动词用单数形式。
2、No. I’d like to live next to a restaurant.(P 6)
Next to表示“紧邻,在……近旁”。
next to 用作介词短语,意为“紧靠,在…近旁,仅次”。这是一个表示方位的介词,可在句中充当表语、定语或地点状语,在此句中作状语。
例如:Tom lives next to Daniel.
e.g: The Water Cube is next to the Bird’s Nest.
next to = beside或close to
e.g: Lily lives in the room next/close to our room.
莉莉住在我们隔壁的房间里。
2There are twenty restaurants in town 城里有20家餐馆。
①There be 结构主要用以表达 ___________________。
其基本句型为“There be +某物或某人(主语) + 某地”
例:_______________________________.房间里有个小女孩。
②There be 结构中的谓语动词be(is / are)在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is ;主语是复数时用are。
例:There ______ (be) a desk in the classroom. 在教室里有一张桌子。
There ______ (be) five apples in the box. 盒子里有五个苹果。
③否定句:there be的否定式通常在be后加not。
There is a bike under the tree. 树下有一辆自行车。
There ______ a bike under the tree.树下没有一辆自行车。
④一般疑问句及其答语:
一般疑问句:把be动词提前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。
回答时,“用什么问,就用什么答”,用Is / Are there来提问,就用there is / are.
There are two cats in the tree.树上有两只猫。
__________ two cats in the tree?
Yes, ___________. / No, ___________.
town通常指规模、地域不大、人口数量较少的“镇、城镇”。比起“city”要小得多,但是要比“village”大得多。
例1 There will be a new town in this place. 这个地方将会出现一个新的城镇。
例2 How many are there in your city? 你们城市有多少城镇?
in town :在城里,town前无须加定冠词the
类似结构: in hospital,住院,at school 在学校
town比village(村子)大,比city(城市)小;与country(乡村)相对时,town表示“城市”,town and country城乡。
2.Which is your favourite?
favourite
(n.)最喜欢的人或事物
(adj.)最喜欢的 =like ... best
e.g: 面条是我最喜欢的食物。
Noodles are my favourite food. = I like noodles best.
3、The biggest one in Fifth street!(P 6)在第五大街最大的那一家。
√big-bigger-biggest
例:大象是陆地上最大的动物。The elephant is the biggest animal on land.(用the表示泛指,泛指一类)
biggest 最高级,用于三者或三者以上(人或物)的比较,前面一定要加定冠词the,后面长带of/in短语来说明比较的范围。
e.g: He is the tallest in our class. 他是我们班最高的。
句中的one是不定代词,用来指代前面所提及的那一类人或物,用以指代单数可数名词。
It用来指代前面提及过的那个人或物,用以指代单数可数名词或不可数名词。
例如:I lost my watch. I want to buy one.
I lost my watch but luckily a man returned it to me after three days.
√ in Fenghuang Street on Nanjing Road
由普通名词构成的专有名词首字母必须大写!
Welcome to the unit:
1、Simon wants to learn about foreign countries.(P 7)
learn about表示“了解/学习关于...的知识”。
例如:The foreign visitors like learning about Chinese culture.
2、Help him write the names of the countries under the photos. (P 7)
help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”;
help sb. with sth.“帮助某人某事/在...方面帮助某人”。
例如 The boy helped the old woman to cross the road.
She always helps him with his homework.
0.Which country is this photo from?
(1) country 表示“国家”,其复数形式是countries。
例:The teacher knows all the countries and their capitals. 那位教师知道所有的国家及其首都。
(2) country 也可以泛指“乡下,农村”之意。
例:Lots of people leave countries and moves to cities. 许多人从农村移居到城市。
1、I see. Where is it?(P 7)
I see表示“我明白”。
2、Is Tokyo the capital of Japan?(P 7)
capital表示“首都、省会”,the capital of+表示国家或者省的名字,意为“……的首都或者省会”。
例如:London is the capital of the UK.
Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu.
capital (n.)首都 the capital of ……的首都
(n.)省会 the capital of ……的省会
(adj.)大写的 The capital letter of “g” is “G”.
*部分国家与相应的首都:
国家(country) 首都(capital)
France法国 Paris巴黎
Japan日本 Tokyo东京
Russia俄罗斯 Moscow莫斯科
Thailand泰国 Bangkok曼谷
the UK英国 London伦敦
South Korea韩国 Seoul首尔
Germany德国 Berlin柏林
Australia澳大利亚 Canberra堪培拉
Italy意大利 Rome罗马
Reading
1.Homes around the world.
(1)around 是介词,意为等。“在…周围”“在...各处”“到处”“大约”。
例1 We sit around the table. 我们围着桌子坐。
例2 The students stand around the teacher and listen carefully. 学生们站在老师的周围仔细的听着。
(2)around也可用作副词,意为“在周围”“在附近”“各处”“整整一圈”“回转”等。
例1 Do you find anybody around? 你发现周围有人吗?
例2 They travel around together. 他们一起到各地旅行。
1、Simon wants to learn about homes around the world. (P 8)
around the world“全世界”,相当于all over the world或者throughout the world.
例如:Thousands of visitors all over the world come to the Great Wall every year.
2、I live in a town 15 miles from London. (P 8)
mile用作名词,其复数形式是miles,表示距离,意思是“英里”。一英里约等于一点六公里。
在讲解mile的时候,可以拓展出smile,
距离+(away) from some place“离某地有多少距离”, be far (away) from 离……远,但出现具体距离时,不用far
例如:My home is far away from school. 我家离学校很远。
类似mile的用法:metre米,kilometre千米
1.My family and I often sit there and enjoy a cup of tea.
【解析】(1)my family and I意为“我和我的家人”。family 用作名词,表示“家,家庭,家属”。句中my family and I 意为“我和我的家人”。英文的表达与中文正好相反;“我和……”有英文表达是:…and I ,即第一人称I要后置,同时注意如果跟在介词后面I要变成me。
例1 His family is going to move. 他家要搬走了。(family指整个家庭,动词用单数。)
例2 My family are very well. 我们全家人都很健康。(family指全家的每一个人,动词用复数)
【解析】(2)family也可以用作定语,此时相当于形容词,意为“家庭的,家族的”。
例1 His family name is Smith. 他的姓是史密斯。
例2 That’s her family tree. 那是她的家谱
注意:英国人习惯在下午或傍晚时喝茶,并吃些三明治,饼干或甜点。
【解析】(3)family作名词时,常用作集体名词。指整体时,用作单数,谓语动词用单数形式;指成员时,用作复数,谓语动词用复数形式。类似的集体名词还有:
class 班 team 队 group 组 public 公众 population 人口 audience 观众
【解析】(4)family与house和home的区别:
family指“家,家庭,家里的人”,不指住房。 house指“住宅”强调“居住的房屋”。 home “家”,指同家人共同生活的地方,不一定含有建筑物的意思,可以在船上,窑洞或者是帐篷里组织家庭,强调家的氛围和环境,她是一个含有感彩的词。
enjoy one’s dinner 津津有味的吃饭
enjoy good health 拥有健康的体魄
enjoy oneself= have a good time= have fun
例:①We have great fun ______________(play) with each other in the playground.
②What great fun we have ___________(play) with each other in the playground.
③ It’s great fun ______________(play) with each other in the playground.
①[解析family, house与home]
e.g: My home is in Beijing, China, with a family of three. We live in a large house.
我家在中国北京,是个三口之家。我们住在一栋大房子里。
②a cup of tea 一杯茶
固定短语a cup of(一杯……)用于不可数名词量的表达。
a cup of的复数结构为“数词 + cups of...”
3、I always have fun with my dog there. (P 8)
have fun“玩地开心”相当于have a good time或者enjoy oneself。have fun/have a good time doing sth.“做某事很开心”。
例如:All the students have fun learning English.
4、I live in a flat in the centre of Moscow. (P 8)
in the centre of “在……中心”。
例如:They live in the centre of the city.
centre常与the连用,意为“中心,中央,中心点”
in the centre of... 意为“在……的中心”
e.g: the centre of a circle 圆心
The library is in the centre of the city. 图书馆在市中心。
[辨析middle与centre]
middle middle指距离两端或两边距离相等的中央或中间部分。如:I plant banana trees in the middle of the garden.我在园子中间种上香蕉树。
centre centre指方、圆等的空间位于中心点的位置,centre比middle更确切。如:She is standing in the centre of the room.她站在屋子中央。
4.It’s not big, but we have a nice living room.
它不大,但是我们有一间漂亮的客厅。
living room“起居室,客厅”,是房屋构成的一部分。
[拓展]一般房屋的构成:
5、After dinner, we like to watch TV and chat there. (P 8)
like to do sth.表示一次性动作,意为“喜欢而暂时想要做某事”;
like doing sth.表示习惯性动作,意为“喜欢做某事”。
例如:I like swimming but I don’t like to swim this afternoon because it is a little cold.
6、I share a bedroom with my sister. (P 8)
share及物动词,表示“分享、合用” 。share sth.“合用/分享某物”。share sth. with sb.“与某人分享/合用某物”。
例如:The boy wouldn’t like to share the toys with other children.
share--名词,“一份,份额”。常构成短语a share of... 一份……
one’s share of 某人的一份……
e.g: Don’t worry. Everyone has his share of food.不必担心,每个人都有一分食物。
7、We often listen to music in bed. (P 8)
①listen to music意为“听音乐”,music前不加the,表示泛指,listen to the music则表示特指的某一首音乐。
in bed意为“(躺)在床上”。on the bed意为“在床上”。
例如:Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.
She puts the book on the bed.
①in bed 意为 (躺)在床上,bed 前无冠词修饰。
Don't read ________________. 不要躺在床上看书。
be ill in bed 生病在床
②in the bed 在床里面,被窝里 ?
I was so tired and wanted to sleep in the bed right now.
"我太累了,真想马上躺在被窝里睡觉"
③on the bed 表示某样东西在床上。
There is a book _________________. 床上有本书。
8、I have my own bedroom and bathroom, and I like the balcony best. (P 8)
own“自己的”,one’s own sth.=sth. of one’s own“某人自己的……”。
例如:Do you have your own computer?
own的用法拓展
① on one’s own“独自地”,相当于by oneself。
We should learn to live on our own.
② own作动词,表示“拥有”相当于have。
I own a new flat.
own 形容词,表示“自己的”,常和名词所有格或形容词性物主代词连用,以加强语气。
【注意】1.如果被修饰的名词前没有a, any, some, no, this, that等限定词修饰时,名词所有格或形容词性物主代词 + own直接前置修饰该名词
即:名词所有格或形容词性物主代词 + own + 名词
【例句】 This is Tom's own house.
2. 如果被修饰名词前面已经有a, any, some, no, this, that等限定词修饰时,名词所有格或形容词性物主代词 + own就要与of构成短语一起放在该名词后面作后置定语
即:of + 名词所有格或形容词性物主代词 + own
【例句】 This is a house of Tom's own
常用搭配有:
on one's own独自地;独立地;凭自己力量= by oneself
【解析】 The little boy isn't old enough to go to school on his own.
of one’s own 意为“某人自己,独自的”,与all by oneself,以及alone意义相同。其中one’s随句子表达需要,使用不同的人称形式。
例 I can finish the work on my own. 我能独立完成这项工作。
9、I love to sit there and look out at the beach and the sea. (P 8)
① look out“向外看”,若表示“向外看某物”用look out at sth. 若表示“向……外看”用look out of。
例如:Don’t look out of the window in class.
② look out还可以表示“小心”,“对……小心”用look out for
例如:Look out for the coming bus.
(3) 与look组成的短语:
look after 照顾,照料 look ahead 向前看,着眼将来
look back 回顾,回想 look down upon看不起,藐视
look for 寻找 look forward to 期盼,希望
①look out动词短语,意为“向外看”,后接宾语时要加介词at,即look out at;若接of,则构成look out of,表示“从……往外看”。
e.g: Tom often looks out of the window in class. 汤姆经常在课堂上朝窗外看。
look out单独成句,表示“小心,注意”,常用在祈使句中,表示提醒,相当于be careful或take care。
e.g: Look out! A car is coming. 小心!一辆车开过来了。
*look常构成固定短语:
look for寻找,look around 环顾四周look up 查阅,向上看 look after照顾,look like看起来像
②sea名词,意为“海”,同音词为see(看见),对应词是land(陆地),常与定冠词the连用。
*see常构成固定短语:
by sea = by ship 乘轮船
at sea在海上,in the sea在海里
[提醒]sea常用于专有名词,此时sea的首字母要大写。
e.g: the China Sea 中国海
10、The bedroom is the best place to chat and watch TV. (P 9)
the best place to do sth.做某事的最好地方
句中不定式“to chat and watch TV”作后置定语,修饰“the best place”
例如:He is the first student to come to school.
这是钓鱼的最好地方。This is the best place to go fishing.
夏天是游泳的最佳季节.Summer is the best place to go swimming.
11.In most homes, people have dinner in the bedroom.
most在这里作形容词,意为“大多数的,大部分的”,通常用来修饰名词。
e.g: Most students are from the country in my class.我班上的大多数学生来自乡村。
most还可作代词,意为“大多数;大部分”,常与介词of连用,并根据of后的名词确定谓语动词的形式。
e.g: I spend most of my time on my study.我花费大部分的时间在学习上。
基数词与序数词
表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词(numbers)。数词有两种。表示数目多少的数词叫做基数词(cardinal numbers), 如:one, ten, fifty-two等。表示顺序先后的数词叫做序数词(ordinal numbers), 如first, tenth, fiftieth等。
1.基数词
(1) 13—19,皆由3—9加后缀-teen构成。(注意:thirteen, fifteen, eighteen的拼法)
(2) 20—90等十位数均由2—9加后缀-ty构成。 (注意:twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty的拼法)
(3) 21—29由十位数20加个位数1—9构成,中间须有连字符“-”, 其它的十位数照此类推。
(4) 百位数由1—9加hundred构成,如包含十位数及个位数,中间用and连接,也可以不用;如只包含个位数,即十位数为零时,则and不可省。
(5) 千位数由1—9加thousand构成,其后的百、十、个位数构成方法同前。如: a (one) thousand one hundred (and)forty-nine 1,149 (此处hundred之前不可用a)
(6) 英语里没有“万”这一单位,万也用thousand表示。如:
ten thousand 10, 000。
(7)hundred, thousand 是数词,原则上没有复数形式,即400说four hundred , 但表示不确定的数目时以复数形式出现。如:hundreds of 数百的,thousands of 数千的。
(8)表示“几十”的数词,其复数形式可以表示年龄或年代。如:in his twenties 在他二十多岁时;in the 1980s 二十世纪八十年代。
(9) 一些习惯用法:in twos and threes 三三两两的。
2.序数词
(1) 英语序数词第1—19除first,second与third有特殊形式外,其余均由基数词加后缀-th构成。
(2) 十位数的序数词的构成方法是:先将十位数的基数词的词尾ty中的y变为i,然后加后缀-eth。如: twentieth 20th 。
(3) 十位数的序数词如包含1—9的个位数时,十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词,中间须有连字符“-”。如: twenty-first 21st 。
(4) 百、千、万等的序数词由hundred, thousand等加-th,前面加有关的基数词构成。如:(one) hundredth 100th 。
(5) 多位数序数词的后位数如包含1—9时,后位数用序数词,前位数同基数词,中间出现零时,须用and连接。如:
two hundred and first 201st
(6)基数词变为序数词的口诀:
一二三,特殊记(first , second, third):
ve要用f替(five-fifth, twelve-twelfth),
eight 去t, nine去e(eight-eighth, nine-ninth),
ty改成tie(thirty-thirtieth),
最后th通通加上去。
要是遇上几十几,只变个位就可以(twenty-first)。
Grammar
1、The CN tower is 1,815 feet tall. (P 11)
1,815 feet tall意为“1815英尺高”。“数词+表单位的词+形容词(长、宽、高、深等)”,表示“……长/宽/高/深等”,在句中作表语。
例如:The bridge is 10 metres wide and 50 metres long.
(1)foot用作名词,表示“英尺”之意,是度量长度的一种单位,复数形式是feet。一英尺等于12英寸或30.48厘米。
例1.This ruler is only one foot long.这把尺子只有一英尺长
例2.She wants to buy ten feet white clothes.她要买十英尺白布。
(2)foot 用作名词,也可以表示人、动物、建筑物、植物等的“脚”,复数形式也是“feet”.常用(go…)on foot (walk) “步行”短语:
Walk to school =go to school on foot 步行去上学
Walk to the zoo = go to the zoo on foot 步行去动物园
Walk home = go there on foot 步行回家
The cat has three feet 这只猫有三只脚。
We go to school on foot every day.我们每天步行去上学。
2.area (n.) 地区,区域,面积
①have an area of 面积为......
in poor areas 在贫困地区
例: 中国面积约为960万平方公里。 China has an area of about 9,600,000 square kilometers.
This country has the largest area in the world.
这个国家在世界上占地面积最大。
2、Red Square in Moscow is about 91,000 square metres in size. (P 11)
square表示“正方形的、平方的”,square metres表示“平方米”。另外,square作名词表示“广场”。
例如:The room is 200 square feet.
The Tian’anmen Square is in Beijing.
3、France has an area of over 260,000 square miles. (P 11)
① have an area of“占……面积”,可以和含有in size的句子进行同义句转换。
例如:China has an area of 9,600,000 square kilometres.
=China is 9,600,000 square kilometres in size.
② over“超过”,相当于more than。
例如: My father is over forty.
over 是指“在…正上方”,这个所谓“正上方”面很小,可看做一个点,与参照物相垂直,它的反义词是under,under 意为在参照物的下方,与参照物垂直。over 也可以表示在数量上“超过;多余之意。此时与more than 意义相同。
例1 There is a lamp over the table.桌子上方有盏灯。
There will be a bridge over the river.在这条河上将会建一座桥。
over可以与其他词组组成短语:
all over the world “遍及全世界”;come over “过来”;over there “在那儿”等。
例1We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。
例2There are many people over there.在那儿有很多人。
France has an area of over 260,000 square miles.
法国面积有二十六万多平方英里。
over
① 超过 = more than France has an area of __________(超过) 260,000 square miles.
② 在……上方 强调正上方,反义词under
There is a bridge ________ the river.
A. In B. on C. above D. over
③通过 over the radio/telephone
④结束 (副词) The film is over. 电影结束了。
⑤ go over 复习 knock over 撞翻 (all) over again 再,重新 fall over 摔倒 think over 仔细考虑
例:There are about 8,000,000 people living in London. 大约有八百万人住在伦敦。
①表示某地有……,用there be 句型,谓语动词就近原则。
There __________(be) an art room, a music room and two computer rooms in our school.
②表示有事情要做,用there be sth to do。动词不定式做后置定语修饰前面
There are lots of things ___________(see) in places of interest.
翻译:今天有很多回家作业要做___________________________________________________
③表示有某人做某事,用there be sb doing sth(后置定语).
On game shows, there are always famous people_____________(talk) about their lives.
5.Women's Day is on the eighth of March.
6.He is always the first to come to school in our class.
固定结构:the+序数词+(名词)+ to do sth(后置定语)
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
数 词
1、数词的定义:表示数目多少或顺序先后的词为数词。
2、数词的分类:数词可分为基数词和序数词,基数词表示数量的多少,序数词 表示顺序的先后。
3、数词的用法
基数词的用法
I. 基数词的构成。
基数词1-12是独立的单词。
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
基数词13-19是在个位数后面加-teen构成,其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen是不规则变化。
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
整十的基数词20-90是在个位数词后面加-ty构成,其中twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty是不规则变化。
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
非整十基数词21-99是在十位数后面加上个位数构成,中间加上连字符“-”。
twenty-one, seventy-six, eighty-eight
三位数以上的基数词,百位数和十位数之间用and连接。
two hundred and one, three thousand five hundred and fourteen
英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个单位,在表示“万”和“亿”时,把“万”念成10个千,“十万”念成100个千,“亿”念成100个百万……以此类推。
10,000:ten thousand
100,000: a hundred thousand
100,000,000: a hundred million
35, 845: thirty-five thousand, eight hundred and forty-five
II. hundred, thousand, million 和billion的用法。
hundred, thousand, million和billion等表示确切数字时,只用其单数形式;但是在表示不确切数字时,要用其复数形式,并且与of连用,表示约数。
e.g:1. There are more than three hundred days in a year. 一年有三百多天。
2. Thousands of visitors travel to the Great Wall every year. 每年有成千上万的游客游玩长城。
III. 基数词表示编号。
例如:
Lesson Five (the fifth lesson) 第五课
Room 306 306房间
Page Twelve (the twelfth page) 第十二页
Class One, Grade Six 六年级一班
② 序数词的用法。
I. 序数词的构成。
序数词1-3是独立的单词。
first, second, third
基数词4-19是在基数词后面加-th构成,其中fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, thirteenth, fifteenth是不规则变化。
fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth
整十的基数词20-90变序数词时,变y为i再加“eth”。
twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eighties, ninetieth
21以上非整十基数词变序数词时,只需将其个位数变成序数词,其它位数仍用基数词。
twenty-first, seventy-sixth, two hundred and eighty-eighth
II. 使用序数词时,前面经常加上定冠词the。
e.g: 1. He is always the first person to reach school. 他总是第一个到达学校。
2. This is the third time for me to go to Beijing. 这是我第三次去北京。
4、各种数的表达
I. 日期的表达。
英语中的日期表达采用“月、日、年”或“日、月、年”的顺序。年份用基数词表达,日期用序数词表达。
例如:
10月1日:October 1st / the first of October
2006年7月5日:July 5th, 2006 / the fifth of July, 2006
II. 时间的表达。
直接表达法
用基数词 + o’clock来表示整点,注意o’clock须用单数,可以省略。
例如:
eight o’clock 八点钟,ten (o’clock) 十点钟
用基数词按“钟点 + 分钟”的顺序直接写出时间。
例如:
eleven five 十一点零五分,six forty六点四十
间接表达法
如果分钟数少于30分钟,可用分钟 + past + 钟点表示,其中past是介词,意思是“过”。
例如:
twenty past four 四点二十 eight past one 一点零八分
如果分钟数多于30分钟,可用(60分钟-原分钟数)+ to +(原钟点数+ 1)表示,其中to是介词,意思是“差”。
例如:
8:35 可表示为twenty-five to nine 差二十五分钟九点,即八点三十五(其中的分钟数twenty-five 是由60分钟减去35分钟得到的;钟点数nine是由8加上1得到的)。
注意:
① 当分钟数是15分钟时,可用名词quarter (一刻钟)表示。例如:
7:15可表示为 a quarter past seven, 12:15可表示为 a quarter past twelve
② 当分钟数是30分钟时,可用名词half (一半)表示。
例如:
9:30 可表示为 half past nine,3:30可表示为 half past three。
III. 数量词的用法。
表示长、宽、高,用“基数词+单位词(meter, kilometer, foot, inch等)+形容词(long, wide, high等)” 表示。
two meters long 两米长
three inches high 三英尺高
four inches wide 四英寸宽
表示时间、距离时,用含有数词的名词所有格形式作定语。
five minutes’ walk 步行五分钟
two hours’ ride 骑车两小时
由数词和其它名词组成的复合数词,其中的名词用单数形式,各部分之间用连字符“-”来连接。
a three-month-old baby 一个三个月大的婴儿
a five-day holiday 五天的假期
④ 复合数词相当于一个形容词,用来修饰名词,不能作表语。
The building is ten meters high.(√)
This is a ten-meter-high building.(√)
The building is ten-meter-high.(×)
This is a ten meters high building.(×)
IV.分数的表达。
分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加s表示复数。
例如:
1/3 one third 3/8 three eighths
“分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词单复数,取决于名词的单复数。名词为单数则谓语动词用单数,名词为复数则谓语动词用复数。
e.g: 1. Two thirds of the land is covered with water.
三分之二的陆地都是被水所覆盖的。
2. One fifth of the students come from the countryside.
五分之一的学生来自农村。
Integrated skills
1.knife 刀
名词knife是可数名词,改为复数形式时,要遵循以下规则,以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词,其复数形式通常是将“f”或“fe”改为“v”再加“-es”。
Knife----------knives 小刀 ,life---------lives 生命,Thief ----------thieves 小偷 half---------halves 半,Wife-----------wives 妻子, leaf---------leaves 叶子
(1)在英语中有些以“f”结尾的名词是直接加“s”构成复数的。
roof-------------roofs 屋顶, proof---------proofs 证据
gulf-------------gulfs海湾 chief---------chiefs 首领
(2) 有的以f结尾的名词既可直接加“s”,也可去“f”改为“v”加“-es”构成复数形式。 Scarf -----scarfs 或scarves 领巾/围巾
批注: 以-f(e)结尾的名词,在中学课本里,出现了不少。其名词复数形式:有的直接在。f(e)后加—s;有的要改—f(e)为ve再加-s;个别单词上述两种形式均可(如handkerchief→ handkerchiefs或handkerchieves )。
似乎不易记住这些规则,可只要记住下面这首顺口溜,相信就不会觉得难了。
妻子持刀去宰狼, 小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命, 半片树叶遮目光。
按:顺口溜中的蓝体字是中学阶段学过的九个以—f(e)结尾的名词:wife(妻子),knife(小刀),wolf(狼),thief(小偷),shelf(架子),self(自己),life(生命),half(一半),leaf(树叶)。这九个词变复数时,都是改-f(e)为ve再加-s。由self构成的复合词,其变化与self相同(如:myself→ourselves,yourself→yourselves;himself,herself,itself→themselves)。
【注意】一副刀叉 a knife and fork,两副刀叉two pairs of knives and forks ,一双筷子a pair of chopsticks
1、He sent it to Simon. (P 13)
send sb. sth. =send sth. to sb. “送给某人某物/邮寄给某人某物”。
例如:send me the salt.=send the salt to me.
1、Thanks for your video.
回忆:因为某事/做某事而感谢某人 Thank sb for sth/doing sth
翻译:谢谢你教我们英语教的这么好。
Thank you for teaching us English so well.
怎么回答?
That’s all right./ You’re welcome./ Not at all./ It’s my pleasure.不用谢
2、Your house is really different from the flats here in our town.(P 14)
be different from“与……不同”。其反意短语为the same as(与……一样),若要表示“在某一方面与…….不同”,常用(be) different from in
例如: My hat is different from yours.
different 是形容词,名词为difference。意为“不同点,不同的地方”。
I can tell the differences between the two words.我能说出这两个单词的区别。
反义词组: 和...一样 be the same as
3、Your garden is full of flowers.(P 14)
be full of“充满……、满是……”,相当于be filled with。
例如:The room is full of books.=The room is filled with books.
[拓展]full形容词,意为“满的,饱的”,反义词分别为empty(空的),hungry(饿的)。
e.g: I’m full. I have enough. 我饱了。我吃得够多了。
4、I hope to visit your home some day.(P 14)
① hope to do sth. “希望做某事”
例如:He hopes to have a happy family.
② some day“将来的某一天,总有一天”,也可以写作someday。主要用来指将来
★one day 某一天 .可以指过去,也可以指将来
例如:Your dream will come true some day/someday.
5、May I speak to Daniel, please?(P 14)
May I speak to...是电话用语,表示“我可以和某某人说话吗?”,侧重于主语一方说话的主动性,一般不与表示一段时间的状语连用。
常用的电环用语还有:
Who is speaking, please? 请问您是哪一位?
Is that...(speaking)? 你是……吗?
This is...(speaking). 我是……
(1)speak to sb.相似的短语:
speak with sb. 相似的短语:talk with sb. 侧重于表达双方的交谈。
speak about sb./sth. 相似的短语:talk about sb./sth.
4.---Who’s speaking, please?
---This is Simon.
这是接电话的常用句式,问“是谁打来的电话?”,相当于“你是谁?”。英语中电话用语与平时讲话在表述上有些不同。打电话在介绍自己时通常不用I,询问对方时不用you,代而言之的是this和 that。
例1 This is Mille (speaking). Who’s that? 我是米莉,你是谁?
例2 May/Can I speak to Jim, please? 我可以请吉姆接电话吗?/吉姆在吗?(不用Is Jim in?)
6、Can I take a passage?(P 14)
message名词,意为“消息,音信”,复数为messages。
take a message 意为“传个话,捎个口信”,take a message for...意为“给……捎个口信”。leave a message意为“留下口信,留个言”。
例如: Could you take a message for Tony?
Why don’t you leave a message?
[拓展]message构成的短语有:
send a message 发送信息
leave a message 留下口信
7、Can you ask him to call me back?(P 14)
call sb. back 给某人回电话,相当于ring/phone/telephone sb. back。
call动词,意为“打电话”。
[拓展]
①call动词, 意为"叫,喊"。
e.g: I hear someone calling for help. 我听到有人在呼救。
②call动词,意为“访问,拜访”,常用短语有:call on sb. 拜访某人;call at sp. 访问某地。
e.g: He wants to call on you at your office.他明天想到你的办公室拜访你。
[提醒]英语中“打电话给某人”的表达方式:
call sb. (up) ,ring sb. (up),phone/telephone sb,give sb. a call
give sb. a ring ,make a phone call to sb.
Task
1.field 地,田
(1)field 用作名词,意为“地、田”。常用 a wheat field “麦田”,work in the field “在田间工作”
例1Some people are working in the fields.一些人在田间工作。
例2It’s Sunday today,Let’s go to play in the fields .今天是星期天,咱们去郊游吧!
(2) 某些必须具备特殊场的球类运动,如足球、高尔夫球、棒球以及垒球等的场地:Football field 足球场 golf field 高尔夫球场
Baseball field 棒球场 softball field l垒球场
1、My dream home is at the foot of a hill.(P 17)
at the foot of 意为“在……脚下”。
例如:There are many trees at the foot of the hill.
foot可表示“脚下,底部,下端”
the foot of the page 页脚
the foot of the stairs 楼梯底部
There is a small town at the foot of the mountain.山脚下有一个小镇。
[拓展]类似的短语有:
at the top of 在……顶部
in the middle of 在……中间
at the bottom of 在……底部
②hill名词,意为“小山”,in the hill在山上。
[辨析]hill与mountain
hill指小山丘,比mountain小;mountain指比较大的山,比hill大。
2、There is a football field behind my house and a swimming pool beside it.(P 17)
① field表示“田地、田野”,in the field“在地里”,“在农场上”用on the farm。
② beside介词,表示“在……旁边”。
例如: The girl sat beside her mother.
3、There is a kitchen and a home cinema on the ground floor.(P 17)
英式英语中,the ground floor指楼房的底层,the first floor指二楼;美式英语中“一楼”用the first floor,“二楼”用the second floor。
4、There is always more than enough food there.(P 17)
more than enough表示“足够多”,more than“多于”相当于over,enough除了可以作形容词修饰名词,还可以作副词修饰形容词和副词,位于形容词和副词后面,构成“adj./adv.+enough to do sth.”表示“足够……能够做某事”。
例如:More than three hundred people take part in the activity.
He is old enough to go to school.
5、I would like to invite my friends to watch films with me at the weekend.(P 17)
动词invite的用法:
★invite (v.) 邀请
I. ★invite sb to someplace 邀请某人去某地或参加活动
She invited him to her 26th birthday party.
他邀请我参加她26岁生日晚会。
II. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
He invited me to go with him.他要请我和他一起去。
III. invite的名词形式是invitation“邀请”。
She refused his invitation.他拒绝了她的邀请。
6、Each room has a new computer.(P 17)每间房间都有台新电脑。
each可以作形容词,代词或副词,意为“每个”强调个体,在句中作定语、主语和同位语;every作形容词,意为“每个”强调整体。
例如:Each of us has a room.=We each have a room.
Every boy is here.
each 用于两者及以上的每一个,作为代词时后面可以直接跟 of。如 each of them/you/us。还可以做形容词,修饰名词。
every 用于三者及以上的每一个,后面不能直接跟 of,做形容词,修饰名词.如要表示每一个,可用 every one。如every one of them/you/us
Each student __________________(have) a book in his hand.
Each of the students__________________(have) a book in his hand.
The students each__________________(have) a book in his hand.
7、My friends like to come and stay here.(P 17)
stay作不及物动词,意为“停留、逗留”;stay也可以作系动词,表示某种状态的延续,后面接形容词作表语。
例如: Don’t stay here. It is dangerous.
The door stays open for a whole day.
stay 停留,逗留
(1)stay 用作不及物动词,表示在某处作“停留,逗留”,可以单独使用,也可以用在stay at home “待在家里”;stay away from “远离…….”;stay up at night “熬夜”。
例1 We should stay away from fire.我们应该远离火。
例2 where do the birds stay in winter ?这些鸟冬天待在哪里?
In the forests.待在森林里。
(1)stay 也可用作名词,常常用来表示一段时间的“停留,逗留”;
make a short stay in Beijing .“在北京做短暂停留”
例1Her stay in our school makes us happy.她在我们学校停留使我们很高兴。
例2Jay chou will make a short stay in our city.周杰伦将在我们城市作短暂停留。
③ 系动词,意思是 “保持” stay healthy = keep healthy
(3)stay 还可以用作连系动词,后接形容词(以及少数副词)、介词短语等作表语,表示“保持(某种状态)”。
例1 The windows stay open all the day .这些窗户整天开着。
例3Staying healthy is very important 保持健康是很重要的。
有关stay的一些词组:
stay with同…住在一起; stay for逗留…时间;
stay behind留下来; stay on 留下继续;
stay out 晚归; stay out of置身于……之外;
stay up 熬夜; stay put[美]安装牢固,留在原处不动;
stay still 呆着别动; stay in呆在家里;
stay at暂住; stay clear of 避开/不与..接触?。
本单元重点介绍了居住在不同国家人们的住处的不同,如果你也想写一篇你“梦想中的家”的短文,请按照如下步骤写作:
1. 审题
这样的短文常常只给出题目或写作要求,不给出提示语。如:以My dream home为题写一篇短文,可自由发挥。要求层次清楚,意义连贯,语句通顺。这样的试题同学们就可以不受约束,展开丰富的想像力,描绘出自己所憧憬的家园。
2.写作要点
(1)要紧扣主题来写,紧紧围绕My dream home。
(2)详略得当,应有重点地描写,抓住两三处重点地方进行详细的描写,不必一一描绘,如果那样就太琐碎,读起来也没意思。
(3) 要注意按照一定顺序描写,我们可以按照从上至下的顺序或从左到右的顺序,切忌顺序混乱,使得短文条理不清。
3.组织句子
正确使用词语与句型,句与句之间注意连贯,过渡自然流畅。
(A)(基础)
My dream home
My dream home is very beautiful. It is a two-floor building. In my family, everyone has his or her own room. The rooms are big and on the first floor.
On the ground floor, there is a big sitting room and dining room. At the weekend , my friends and I like having a party in the sitting room. We often enjoy ourselves in the party.
We have a beautiful garden. Can you guess where the garden is? It is on the top of the building. Isn’t it interesting? I enjoy reading and walking in the garden. There are so many flowers in it. The flowers smell sweet. In the garden, there is a swimming pool. The swimming pool isn’t big but it’s my favourite place. When I am tired to study, I can swim there. How fun it is! I think it is a good way to relax myself.
I am very happy to live in such a house. It is a nice home. I am sure it ?will become true in the future.
(B)(提升)
My Dream Home
Everyone has his own dreams, so do I. Someone dreams of becoming tycoon(大亨; 将军; <口>企业巨头; ) and some others want to have a good job or travel all over the world. So what about me? My answer is simple. My only dream is to have my own house. Isn’t it simple?
What is my dream home like? Well, it is not too small or too big, two floors with a garden is just what I want. At the garden, roses and tulips are everywhere. A dog is lying there and enjoying the sunshine. Inside my home, there is a bright sitting room with lots of soft sofas for me to sit on. And of course you can see a piece of beautiful carpet on the floor. The colour of curtains in the sitting room should be yellow like lemon. This bright colour will make you feel good and cheerful after a tiring day. Kitchen is near the dinning room so it’s easy for me to cook food and put them on the table. After enjoying a delicious meal, I can go upstairs to my bedroom.
In my bedroom, the whole colour is blue that can make you calm and fall asleep quickly. And a comfortable bed is necessary. It is my favourite place where I can read, do my homework or play computer. Outside the bedroom, there is a very big balcony. I can put a small table with some chairs there. On a sunny day, my friends and relatives can come here, chatting with each other happily, drinking cups of orange juice or coffee and having a nice barbecue(烤架; 户外烧烤). Everybody will enjoy himself or herself at my home.
This is my dream home, nice, clean and comfortable. I love it and I hope you will love it, too.
有趣的数词成语
1.one in a thousand 优秀的人(或事物);百里挑一
My brother is a one in a thousand. 我的兄弟是位优秀人物。
2.put two and two together 根据事实推断
They came to the conclusion that he hadn't run out of their city,putting two and two together.
根据事实推断,他们得出这样的结论,他还没有跑出这座城市。
3.three-bottle man 大酒徒
His grandfather is a three-bottle man. 他外公是个大酒徒。
4.four-lettered words 下流话
These books are full of four-lettered words. 这些书里脏话连篇。
5.five-star 很出色;第一流的;五星级的
The house is five-star in the village. 这房子在该村是一流水平的。
6.at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟
The boy made the room at sixes and sevens. 这男孩把房间弄得乱七八糟的。
7.in one's seventh heaven 在无限幸福中
The children were in their seventh heaven,playing with water on the beach.
孩子们在海滩上玩水,极为幸福
8.chasing eight and quarters 追逐名利
The boss in the company is a miser,chasing eight and quarters.
这公司的老板是个追求名利的吝啬鬼。
9.in the nine holes 处于困境
He is in the nine holes because of losing money.他失去资金而处于困境。
10.ten to one 很可能
"He is at school, isn't he?"---"Yes.That must be ten to one."
----"他在学校,对吗?" ----"是的,很可能是。"
牢记6个秘诀 “完美”英语张口就来
?????作为中国学生,如果你想拥有一口漂亮的英语,就应该注意如下几个问题。
????? 1.Practice(练习).发音有问题是难免的,因此很多人会害怕说错而不开口。没关系,多练习就好了,不要害羞。本来,郁闷应该是一个过程,应该是你前进过程中一个必须经历的过程。但是很多情况下,由于你不动手去解决,因此,他就变成了一个结果。口语,跟口才是有相同性的。您想要一个好的口才,那么就要通过不断的练习来实现。害羞是阻碍你提升自己口语的拦路虎。渴望去丢脸!只有今天多丢脸,才有未来成功后的那张笑脸。
????? 2.Slowdown(慢下来).很多初学者总是希望走一步到位的路线,但是实际上,什么都是有一个循序渐进的过程。就像很多人在练绕口令的时候,也是从慢速逐渐加速的,而不是一次马上就能有很快速度的,因此,刚刚开始的时候,控制自己的语速,尽量说的标准一些!
3.Listen to yourself(听自己).如果你不能听出你自己的发音问题,就很难去改正它。其实现在很多口语材料都配备了相应的音频,你绝对应该把自己的声音录下来,然后跟相应的声音进行比较,只有这样一点一滴的去校对,录音,修改,再录音,这样一个过程走过几遍,你才会发现自己的声音才会接近真正地道英语者的发音。
?? 4.Copy the experts(模仿专家).英语为母语的人士是最好的老师。所以,注意听英语广播或英语电影、电视节目,听他们的发音,还要注意看他们的口形。不要看字幕,模仿你听到的声音,即使你不确定他们在说什么。
5.Find a partner(找伙伴).从别人那里得到反馈是很重要的。有一个partner的话,你就会发现,哪怕你今天不想学,那么你的partner也会督促你,因为,你如果今天放弃了,那么对方也就失去了锻炼自己口语的机会。而且,当你有一个伙伴的时候,你的伙伴会非常迅速的发现你自己的问题,同时也就能及时纠正!
????6.Be poetic(充满诗意).大声地念诗、演讲,专注在字的重音和音调。因为,诗歌通常都是琅琅上口,有节奏感的,多多练习有助于提高英语水平。发音准了,语调对了,语感慢慢出来了,这对记忆单词和交流都有好处。