中考英语二轮专题复习学案：书面表达之记叙文学案+专题练习（含范文）

初三书面表达-记叙文
何为记叙文？
记叙文是记人叙事的文章，它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所说的五个" W "（ what, who, when, where, why ）和一个" H "（ how ）。记叙文的重点在于"述说"和"描写"，因此一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚，描写生动形象。
记叙文的特点
　1. 叙述的人称
　　英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过"我"来传达给读者，使人读后感到真实可信，如身临其境。如：
　　The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it.
　　
　　用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受"我"活动范围以内的人和事物的限制，而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者，直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前，文章的客观性很强。如：
　　Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short. What could he do? Then he had a good idea.
　　
　2. 动词的时态
　　在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高，且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去时态，这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化，正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
Twenty years ago, my hometown was just a small, old and poor town. Most people are farmers.There are few factories.
Great changes have taken place in the past few years. People have a lot of ways to make money. Now there are many tall buildings.　
　3. 叙述的顺序
　　记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。有顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙，中考作文一般采用顺序的方式。因为顺叙最容易操作，较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果，让所叙之事跌宕起伏，使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃，从而为文章所吸引，深入其中。但需要深厚的写作功底，这些方法如果使用不当，则容易弄巧成拙，使文章结构散乱，头绪不清，让读者不知所云。
Special Day
Late one afternoon, I was on my way home from school. I walked slowly along the street with my head drooped. The scenes on both sides of the street were beautiful, but I had no interest in them at all. I walked and walked, thinking of what had happened that day.
　　Just a few minutes before the second class began that afternoon, I was asked to go to the teacher's office. I heard my teacher talking to my mother with anger.
　　How could you dare to go to see a film this morning without permission? Mother said at the top of her voice, slapping me in the face heavily. I look at Mother, dumbfounded…
　　I walked more slowly, for I had seen my house ahead, where Mother was always standing at the door, smiling at me, at this time every day. But now, she wasn't there. My heard was beating faster. I even didn't dare to open the door for fear that Mother should beat again.
　　Not knowing what to do, I sat on the ground near the door, blaming myself for what I had done. I was lost in deep agony.
　　Suddenly a soft hand patted me on the head. I looked up, seeing Mother standing beside me. I couldn't help crying, Mum! tears rolling down my cheeks.
　　
　　4. 叙述的过渡
　　过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如：
　　In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things. Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao. It is really a beautiful city. There are many places of interest to see. But what impressed me most was the sunrise.
　　The next morning I got up early. I was very happy because it was a fine day. By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red. In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing. The sun was very red, not shining. It rose slowly. At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball. At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright.
　　What a moving and unforgettable scene!
　　
　　5. 叙述与对话
　　引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述，可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态，使记叙生动、有趣，使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果：
　　I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something. Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front. I thought maybe someone was knocking the door. I asked who it was but I heard no reply. After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor. I realized it was the cat. I felt released.　
　　这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字，但经作者这么一写，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式，没有人物语言，把"悬念"给冲淡了。可作如下调整：
　　I was in the kitchen cooking something. "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front. Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply. After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor. "It's you." I said, quite released.
中考作文评分标准及写作要领
1、中考作文评分标准：
第五档：（13-15分）能写明全部要点，语言基本无误或有少量拼写错误，行文流畅，表
达清楚；
第四档：（10-12分）能写明大部分要点，语言有一些错误，但行文基本流畅，表达基本
清楚；
第三档：（7-9分）能写明一些要点，语言错误较多，但意思基本连贯，表达基本清楚；
第二档：（4-6分）能写明少数要点，语言错误多，意思不连贯，影响意思表达；
第一档：（1-3分）只能写出若干单词，无可读的句子。
注意:凡不写任何内容、抄袭其他内容、所写内容无法看清者一律给0分。
2. 写作的基本要领
一 审题目
二 列提纲
三 写全文
四 查疏漏
1. 查主题，文章是否符合题目要求，内容是否完整。(check the theme)
2. 查语法，是否有时态错误，是否有主谓不一致，是否有语态问题，是否有词形错误，
是否有不合乎搭配的词组。(check the grammar)
3．查标点，是否有标点错误 (check the punctuation)
4. 查拼写，是否有拼写错误和大小写问题 （check the spelling)
5．查表达，是否有不合乎英语惯用的表达，是否有中国式英语表达。(check the ways of
expression)

典例分析
假设你是李颖，上周末参加了一次郊游（outing）。请根据下面表格中的提示信息写一篇名为“A pleasant outing”的英语短文，参加某英文报纸的征文比赛。
A pleasant outing
时间 上周末
参加者 你和.......
地点 北山公园（the North Hill Park)
活动 骑自行车、爬山、野餐、做游戏
感受 ......
要求：不得逐条翻译表格中信息，可适当增减内容。（80个词左右）
参考词汇：go for an outing, climb the hill, have a picnic
审题目
写什么？ A pleasant outing
包含要点 人、事、地点、感受
人称和时态 第一人称和一般过去时
列提纲
Introduction 先介绍outing的时间、地点和人物
Main body 按时间顺序介绍此次outing的具体活动
Conclusion 对活动进行总结，并发表自己的感受
写全文
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
查疏漏
（教师可先引导孩子自行检查，之后再给孩子进行批改和讲解）
例文参考
A pleasant outing
Last weekend, I went for an outing with my classmates.
At 7:30 in the morning, we met at our school gate. We went to the North Hill Park by bike. On the way, we were so excited that we sang loudly. When we arrived there, we started to climb the hill at once. We had a picnic on the top of the hill. After that, we walked the path and had a rest. Later, some girls danced under the trees and some boys played games happily. We didn’t go back until 4:00p.m. We were tired but very happy.
What a pleasant outing it was!
教学建议
1.根据学生的层次，可以把写作分为几个不同的层次
A 类学生 具有较好的基础知识和语感 进行多样化句式的训练，使用恰当的衔接过渡 词. 可以让学生背诵写作常用句型，基础好的学生适当进行使用含有定语从句，宾语从句和状语从句训练等。（中考对多样化句式的要求不如高考那么强调，主要强调语言的准确度和覆盖要点）

B 类 首先训练学生基本的遣词造句的能力。依托简单句的五种基本句型的训练，进行句型和句式的训练（观察学生在句型结构的方面的把控能力），以及时态的正确运用等，在这个基础打好以后，再进行类似于A 类学生作文训练的方法

2.强化学生语感的培养。让学生多读多背优秀范文和写作常用的优美句子，在这个基础上进行模仿训练及其他形式的写作训练。中国有句古话，叫“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”。同样，要使自己具有较强的写作能力，首先应该熟读和背诵一些句型和短文。许多同学写出来的语言根本不符合英语的语言习惯，相当一部分人有对照中文逐字翻译的不良习惯，不去理会中英文的差异。大量的背诵和阅读是提高写作能力的有效办法，学生若有大量的现成语言积累在脑海里，自己写起文段来，就可以做到脱口而出，或是模仿、套用，甚至发挥。
3.循序渐进地练习
每练一篇书面表达题，都要真正学到一点东西，不可贪多而边学边忘。平时可以采用循序渐进、灵活多样的练习方式。从根据提示词写单句开始，到写单句，然后到写几句话，最后到写流利的文段。尽量尝试多种形式的写作，如短信、说明、通知、便条、明信片、看图写作、根据表格或记录写短文等
4.强化练习。
可以学生每周练习 两三篇左右的作文，对作文中出现的问题进行集中强化训练，比如时态常出问题，那么集中专门练习时态一段时间；衔接词如果经常没有，进行专题强化，这对于纠正某个局部的问题会有比较明显的效果。
5.进行限时的实战练习
在进行一定量的平时训练后，要求学生在20分钟内写出80个词左右的短文，并且质量高、内容全、形式正确。这样形成习惯，考试时就能得心应手。

二、专题过关
检测题1：
请以“My dream”为题写一篇英语作文，供英语课上交流。
Dream I want to
Reasons be interested in…
Ways to achieves my dream work hard at schoolfind out how successful people did it…
注意：1、短文必须包括三部分内容，需要陈述理由（2条）和方式（3条）
2、表中右栏信息仅供参考，也可自由发挥；
词数80个左右
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（本文属于叙、议结合的文章，文章时态为一般现在时和一般过去时）


检测题2：
上周日在秦淮河便发生了张明救落水小男孩的事情，请根据以下四幅图所描述的事情经过，为校刊的英语园地写一篇题为“A Brave Young Man”的英文稿件。

注意：
1、文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称；
2、语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；
3、词数80左右，文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
A Brave Young Man
It was a nice day last Sunday.







A Brave Young Man
It was a nice day last Sunday. Zhang Ming was fishing by the Qinhuai River when a little boy went to play nearby. Suddenly, Zhang Ming heard someone shouting for help. He looked around and found that the little boy was falling into the water. It was very dangerous. Zhang Ming jumped into the river immediately. He tried his best to pull the boy out of the river. At that time other people came to offer help. Finally, the boy was saved and he was very grateful. People all said Zhang Ming was very brave and helpful. We should learn from him.



三、学法提炼
1.专题特点:1)以一般过去时为主，各种时态为辅，合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态。
2）多用动词，特别是动态强的行为动词。
　 3)使用直接引语。
2.解题方法: 1）动笔之前，认真审题
2）围绕中心，拟定提纲
3）语言通顺，表达准确
4）认真检查，改正错误
3、注意事项:
(1) 避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。
(2) 多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。
(3)．注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。
1) 语态、时态要准确无误。
2) 主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。
3) 注意人称代词的宾格形式。
4) 注意冠词用法，例如： He is an honest student.中的an不能写成a。
5) 注意拼写、标点符号和大小写，例如：receive, believe, fourteen, forty, ninth, restaurant等。
课后作业

作业1：
看图写话

根据以上四幅图和提示词语，写出一篇语法正确、意思连贯、语句通顺、符合逻辑的短文，开头已给出。?
要求：1. 叙述要用第三人称。?
2. 词数60~80个左右。?
3. 要表达自己的看法或想法。?
4. 选用下列词语：rush hour, cross, make sure, come over, traffic rules
Last Monday, Tim got up at 7:40 in the morning.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Last Monday, Tim got up at 7:40 in the morning. It was the rush hour. He rode his bike to school very fast. He was crossing the street when a car came at that moment. Tim’s bike hit the car and he fell to the ground heavily. The driver was very kind and stopped to make sure that Tim was all right. Then a policeman came over. He told Tim to ride more slowly next time and it was dangerous. Tim thanked him and went to school. All of the young men should obey the traffic rules.



作业2：
请按照下面6幅图和表格的提示，写一篇题为“Changes in Our Hometown”的英语短文。（词数：80左右，不包括已经给出的单词）

内容要点：?
过去 现在
旧房 高楼
河水污浊 河水清澈
步行、骑自行车 乘公交车、小汽车

Changes in Our Hometown?
Over the past ten years, great changes have taken place in our hometown. In the past,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考例文：Over the past ten years, great changes have taken place in our hometown. In the past, the houses in our hometown were very poor, but now many people have moved into tall buildings (there are many tall buildings here and there). The water in the rivers was very dirty, but now the rivers are clean and people can swim in them. People used to walk or ride bikes, but now they can take buses or drive their own cars to go to work.