高中英语定语从句课件（共41张PPT）
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文档简介
(共41张PPT)
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知识准备
什么是定语：
用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。
定语
修饰和限定名词和代词的词。通常由形容词，代词(多为形容词性物主代词），数词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词和从句（定语从句）来担当。
a kind girl,
a book on the desk
I have homework to finish.
the fallen leaves
the man who is tall 从句
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定语从句的基本结构
The man who is tall is our chairman .
He who is tall is our chairman
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定语从句的定义
在复合句中，修饰名词或者代词的从句就叫做定语从句。
1. 被定语从句修饰的名词或者代词叫做先行词。定语从句一般放在它后面。
2. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
3. 关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that。
常见的关系副词 when(时间), where(地点), why(原因)
4. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
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关系词的分类
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关系代词 关系副词
起连词作用，本身又作从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语 即起连接作用，本身又在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语
who,whom(…的人）
whose(某人的…）
which(…东西，指物)
that(…的人或物，指物或人）
as(象…那样的，和…相同，正如)
when(…的时候，修饰的时间名词)
where(…的地方修饰场所、方位等名词)
why(…原因；…理由)
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☆ 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用：
_____（连接定语从句和主句,主句后从句前）
2. _____（替代前面的先行词,人或物,时间,地点,原因）
3. ______（在定语从句中当句子成分,主语,宾语,定语,状语）
连接
替代
做成分
关系词的作用
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关系代词的分析
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关系代词 先行词 指人？指物? 在句中充当什么成分 例句分析
Rules
who I am looking for a girl who lived in hangzhou.
whom
The girl whom you are looking for is Jane.
whose
There is a lake called the Westlake whose area is 6.4square km.
that
I don't know the man that you mentioned.
A plane is a machine that can fly.
which The pen which my uncle gave me is missing.
Children like to read books which have wonderful picture.
as We have found such materials as are used in their factroy.
He is not the same man as he was.
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关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换。
eg.They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮书。
3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。eg. A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）
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关系代词的练习
用that,who,which,whom,或者whose填空，并指出它们在句中作什么成分。
1.Alice like singers_wirte their own music. 作______
2.Generally speaking, old people like music _is quiet and gentle.作______
3.The girl_you met just now in the street is my friend.作______
4.The woman_coat is red is waitting for you at the gate.作____
5.This is the school in _i studied two years ago.作__
6.The man with_my father is talking over there is our head teacher.作__
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关系代词的练习(含答案)
用that,who,which,whom,或者whose填空，并指出它们在句中作什么成分。
1.Alice like singers who/that wirte their own music. 作主语
2.Generally speaking, old people like music which/that is quiet and gentle.作主语
3.The girl whom/that you met just now in the street is my friend.作宾语
4.The woman whose coat is red is waitting for you at the gate.作定语
5.This is the school in which i studied two years ago.作介词宾语
6.The man with whom my father is talking over there is our head teacher.作介词宾语
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1. 找出先行词
2.找出定语从句
3. 看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(作什么成分？主语、宾语、定语或状语)
4. 选择合适的关系词
定语从句四步法
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1. 遥远的东方有一条江，它的名字就叫长江。
? In the distant East, there is a river （??? ） name is Yangtse River.
2. 我知道, 我一直有双隐形的翅膀,带我飞, 给我希望。
? I know I have a pair of invisible wings （??? ） can take me to fly and give me hope.
3. 十年之后， 我们是朋友，还可以问候。
Ten years later, we are still friends （??? ） can still say hello to each other.
4. 小小的年纪还不懂什么是爱，却被你甜甜的笑给打败。
I’m at an age （???? ） I don’t know what love is, but your sweet smile still touches me.??
实战演练
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1. 遥远的东方有一条江，它的名字就叫长江。
? In the distant East, there is a river (whose) name is Yangtse River.
2. 我知道, 我一直有双隐形的翅膀,带我飞, 给我希望。
? I know I have a pair of invisible wings （??which/that? ） can take me to fly and give me hope.
3. 十年之后， 我们是朋友，还可以问候。
Ten years later, we are still friends （who/that ） can still say hello to each other.
4. 小小的年纪还不懂什么是爱，却被你甜甜的笑给打败。
I’m at an age (when) I don’t know what love is, but your sweet smile still touches me.??
实战演练（答案）
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1.与such 连用, 引起定语从句
There are no such writers _____ you mention.
2.与same 连用, 引起定语从句
This is the same pen ____________ I lost yesterday.
the same … as 表示同一类人或物；
*the same … that 指同一个人或物
3.as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如 be known，be said，be reported 等
She has been late again, _______ was expected.
4. as we know 结构引出定语从句
The earth , as we know , moves round the sun .
as 的用法
as用作关系代词时，含义为正如
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way 后面的定语从句作状语的引导词有： in which/that 或 不填
way 后面的定语从句
I recognized he’s from Australia from the way ______ he speaks.
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重点和难点
1. 什么情况下只能用that
2. 什么情况下只能用who
3. 什么情况下只能用which
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1. 先行词前面有序数词，最高级或者the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定性词组修饰时修饰的时候用that.
Is oxygen the only gas _____ helps fire burn?
2. 当先行词为all, any,much, few, little,something, anything,everything,nothing,等不定代词时，只用that.
Is there anything else _____ you require?
3. 当先行词既有人，又有物时，只用that He talked about the men and books_____ interested him.
4.在以which / who 为疑问词的特殊疑问句中，用that
Which was the hotel _____ was recommended to you?
5.在there is / here is / it is 句型中，用that
There is no dictionary _____ you can find.
什么情况下只能用that
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什么情况下只能用who
1.当先行词为people或者those时候，只能用who.
例如：Those who want to go there come here please.
2.当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时，只能用who.
例如，Anyone who is againest us is our enemy.
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什么情况下只能用which
1. 关系代词做介词宾语时用which
This is the house in which i once lived
I will give you the book __ you asked
2. 引导非限制性定语从句时用which
The changjiang river, which is the longest river in china, runs fm west to east into the sea.
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总结：
that 是万金油，可以代替who和which除了以下情况：
1.逗号后面或者介词前面不用that, 用which
2.当先行词为people或者those,one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时,不用that,用who
eg.Those who want to go there come here please.
Anyone who is againest us is our enemy.
3. 与such 连用，表示同一类人或者事物，不用that，用as
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1．Most museums in the world keep things from the past _ people should know about. A．what B．as C．that D．when
2．Here is my classmate __bicycle was lost yesterday. A.his B.that C.whose D.which
3．This factory _____ produced paper was closed yesterday because it had caused too much pollution. A．which B．where C．it D．what
4．Anything _____ could be found has been used to repair the damaged bridge.
A．which B．that C．what D．不填
5．I was very surprised at _____ he spoke at the meeting.
A．the way which B．the way on which
C．the way D．in the way that
6．I think of my friend Henry, most of __ letters I still keep.A.his B.who C.whom D.whose
7. The lecturers, most of ____ were scientists, were warmly welcomed by the students.
A．whom B．them C．which D．those
课后练习
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1.关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。不能省略.
2.关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词结构。
When指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。
He told me the date when(on which) he joined the Party.
Where指地点，在定语从句中充当地点状语。
This is the place where(in which) we lived ten years ago.
Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。
I know the reason why(for which) she was so angry.
关系副词
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关系副词的分析
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关系副词 先行词 指时间?地点?原因？ 在句中充当什么成分 例句分析
Rules
when I will never forget the day when/on which i joined the Party
where The factory where/in which my father works is in the east of the city
why None of us know the reason why/for which Tom was absent from the meeting
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关系副词的练习
用三个关系副词填空
1.There are occasions __ one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
2.Beijing is the place __ I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
3.Is this the reason __ he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
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关系副词的练习（答案）
1.There are occasions when （on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
2.Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
3.Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
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1.先行词为时间、地点时，引导词不一定都用when或where引导，要判断它在定语从句中的句子成分。如果从句中缺少主干成分，补关系代词
This is the park (that /which)we visited last year.
She won’t forget the days (that /which)she spent on the island.
2.如果从句中不缺主干，补关系副词。
This is the park where we held a birthday party.
She won’t forget the days when they stayed together.
关系代词和关系副词易错点辨析
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1. I’ll never forget the days _____________ we worked together.
2. I’ll never forget the days ______ we spent together.
3. I went to the place ______________ I worked ten years ago.
4. I went to the place _______ I visited ten years ago.
5. This is the reason _____________ he was late.
6. This is the reason __________ he gave.
练习
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1.This is the factory where/in which I worked ten years ago.
The school where/in which my son studies is near a park.
They’ll never forget July 1 when/on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland.
The days when/in which we lived together happily are gone forever.
There are many reasons why/for what people like traveling.
关系副词 和介词+which
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关系代词前介词的确定
根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系或者习惯搭配
1. 最简单常见的
in which=where The school where/in which my son studies is near a park.
in which=when The days when/in which we lived together happily are gone forever.
for which=why There are many reasons why/for what people like traveling.
2.看从句谓语和先行词的逻辑关系或者习惯搭配
They show me how to use these idioms with which I’m not familiar.
3. of +关系代词=Whose
引起从句： the+ n + of +which/whom
They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.
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练习
This is the car ____which I bought last year.
This is the car ____which I paid 100$.
This is the car ____which I spent 100$.
This is the car ____which I go to work every day.
This is the car ______ which I can’t go to work.
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限制性和非限制性定语从句
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制定语从句无逗号，非限制性定语从句有逗号。
1.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性）
2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词
that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
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限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1. 形式不同：限制性定语从句主句和从句不用逗号隔开，口语使用也不停顿；而非限制性定语从句主句和从句用逗号隔开，口语使用中有停顿。
2. 作用不同：限制性定语从句对先行词的意义进行修饰，限制和识别，如果去掉，会造成语义不完整或者概念不清晰。非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意依然清楚，完整。
3.先行词内容不同：限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或者代词。而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或者代词，也可以是短语或者句子。
4.关系词的使用不同：关系词that和why可以用于限制性定语从句，但不用于非限制性定语从句；另外在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。
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1．He has lost the key to the drawer ___ the papers are kept.
A．where B．on which C．under which D．which
2．Do you remember those days ____we had a good time along the seashore?
A．when B．that C．which D．what
3．I still remember the town___we worked ten years ago.
A.wher B.there C.which D.what
4．Sales director is a position ___ communication ability is just as important as sale skills.
A．which B．that C．when D．where
5．Some pre-school children go to a day care center, ___ they learn simple games and songs.
A．then B．there C．while D．where
6．In the book, the writer described a beautiful place ___ three rivers joined together.
A．which B．where C．what D．when
7．We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, ___ my grandparents and some relatives. A．which live B．that lives C．where live D．who lives
课后练习
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1. 找出先行词
2.找出定语从句
3. 看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(作什么成分？主语、宾语、定语或状语)
4. 看是否特殊用法
定语从句解题关键
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中考链接
1.There is no central heating,but there is a wood burner and solar panels on the top_can provide power for lighting,music and computer(2019年58题)
2.Most people could afford the books_which were produced on a printing press.(2018年57题)
3.Some of my friends_went on to university can't find work.（2016年54题）
4.Can you tell me the reason_he did't join us yesterday.
5.I've never heard of the people and things_you talked about just now.
6.Ronald Dahl was a great children's writer. His dark past helped him paint a picture_was different to most other writer'.
6.Yesterday Mr. Green went to his home town and visited the old house_he was born
7.We need to help those kids_parents have left their hometwon to make money
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中考链接(答案)
1.There is no central heating,but there is a wood burner and solar panels on the top which/that can provide power for lighting,music and computer(2019年58题)
2.Most people could afford the books which/that were produced on a printing press.(2018年57题)
3.Some of my friends who/that went on to university can't find work.（2016年54题）
4.Can you tell me the reason why he did't join us yesterday.
5.I've never heard of the people and thing that you talked about just now.
6.Yesterday Mr. Green went to his home town and visited the old house where he was born
7.We need to help those kids whose parents have left their hometwon to make money
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拓展练习：
1.欣赏英语中的谚语并找出先行词与定语从句,并分析其关系词
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1．He who?has a mind to beat his dog will easily find his stick.
欲加之罪，何患无辞。
2．The?fire which?lights us at a distance will burn us when near.??????????? 火在远处是明灯，?火在近处烧灼人。
3．Everything is ready, and?all that?we need is an east wind.
万事俱备，只欠东风。
4．He who?plays with fire gets burned.玩火者必自焚。
5．He that?serves God for money will serve the devil for better wages.
为金钱侍奉上当的人，必然会为更多的钱去替魔鬼效劳。
6．God helps?those who?help themselves.自助者天助。
7．Nothing in the world is difficult for?one who?sets his mind to it.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
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11. He who?laughs best laughs last.
最后笑的人笑得最好（谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好）（别高兴得太早）
12．????He who?laughs at crooked men should need to walk very straight.
要笑别人驼，自己就得挺起胸膛走路。
13．????He that?respects not is not respected.
不尊重别人者，也不会被别人尊重。
14．???He that?eats the king’s goose shall be choked with the feathers.
吃了别人的嘴软。
15．??????There are none so deaf as?those who?will not hear.
不肯听别人意见的人才是最聋的人。
16．????One who?never made a mistake never made anything.
不犯错误的人必然一事无成。
17．??????The mill cannot grind with?water that?is past.
逝去的水不能再使磨轮转动。（机不可失，时不再来）
18．?????He?lives long?that?lives well.
活得好就是活得长。（生活有价值就是长寿）
19．???He who?would climb the ladder must begin at the bottom.
千里之行始于足下。
20．???He that?is ill to himself will be good to nobody.
不能自爱，焉能爱人。
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21.people who?live in glass houses should not throw stones.
自己有缺点，就别说别人的坏话。
22.They that?reckon without their host are to reckon twice.
店主不在便结账，还得再结第二遍。
24.He that?desires honor is not worthy of honor.想荣誉的人不值得尊重。
25.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。
26. He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。
27. All is well that ends well. 结局好，一切都好。
28.All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光的不都是金子。
29.The hands that push cradles are the hands that push the world.
推动摇篮的手，就是推动世界的手。
30．He who knows others is learned, and he who knows himself is wise.
知人者智，自知者明。
31. He who loves others is constantly loved, and he who respects others is constantly respected. 爱人者人恒爱之，敬人者恒敬之。
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Thank you !
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知识准备
什么是定语：
用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。
定语
修饰和限定名词和代词的词。通常由形容词，代词(多为形容词性物主代词），数词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词和从句（定语从句）来担当。
a kind girl,
a book on the desk
I have homework to finish.
the fallen leaves
the man who is tall 从句
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定语从句的基本结构
The man who is tall is our chairman .
He who is tall is our chairman
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定语从句的定义
在复合句中，修饰名词或者代词的从句就叫做定语从句。
1. 被定语从句修饰的名词或者代词叫做先行词。定语从句一般放在它后面。
2. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
3. 关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that。
常见的关系副词 when(时间), where(地点), why(原因)
4. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
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关系词的分类
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关系代词 关系副词
起连词作用，本身又作从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语 即起连接作用，本身又在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语
who,whom(…的人）
whose(某人的…）
which(…东西，指物)
that(…的人或物，指物或人）
as(象…那样的，和…相同，正如)
when(…的时候，修饰的时间名词)
where(…的地方修饰场所、方位等名词)
why(…原因；…理由)
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☆ 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用：
_____（连接定语从句和主句,主句后从句前）
2. _____（替代前面的先行词,人或物,时间,地点,原因）
3. ______（在定语从句中当句子成分,主语,宾语,定语,状语）
连接
替代
做成分
关系词的作用
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关系代词的分析
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关系代词 先行词 指人？指物? 在句中充当什么成分 例句分析
Rules
who I am looking for a girl who lived in hangzhou.
whom
The girl whom you are looking for is Jane.
whose
There is a lake called the Westlake whose area is 6.4square km.
that
I don't know the man that you mentioned.
A plane is a machine that can fly.
which The pen which my uncle gave me is missing.
Children like to read books which have wonderful picture.
as We have found such materials as are used in their factroy.
He is not the same man as he was.
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关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换。
eg.They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮书。
3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。eg. A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）
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关系代词的练习
用that,who,which,whom,或者whose填空，并指出它们在句中作什么成分。
1.Alice like singers_wirte their own music. 作______
2.Generally speaking, old people like music _is quiet and gentle.作______
3.The girl_you met just now in the street is my friend.作______
4.The woman_coat is red is waitting for you at the gate.作____
5.This is the school in _i studied two years ago.作__
6.The man with_my father is talking over there is our head teacher.作__
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关系代词的练习(含答案)
用that,who,which,whom,或者whose填空，并指出它们在句中作什么成分。
1.Alice like singers who/that wirte their own music. 作主语
2.Generally speaking, old people like music which/that is quiet and gentle.作主语
3.The girl whom/that you met just now in the street is my friend.作宾语
4.The woman whose coat is red is waitting for you at the gate.作定语
5.This is the school in which i studied two years ago.作介词宾语
6.The man with whom my father is talking over there is our head teacher.作介词宾语
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1. 找出先行词
2.找出定语从句
3. 看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(作什么成分？主语、宾语、定语或状语)
4. 选择合适的关系词
定语从句四步法
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1. 遥远的东方有一条江，它的名字就叫长江。
? In the distant East, there is a river （??? ） name is Yangtse River.
2. 我知道, 我一直有双隐形的翅膀,带我飞, 给我希望。
? I know I have a pair of invisible wings （??? ） can take me to fly and give me hope.
3. 十年之后， 我们是朋友，还可以问候。
Ten years later, we are still friends （??? ） can still say hello to each other.
4. 小小的年纪还不懂什么是爱，却被你甜甜的笑给打败。
I’m at an age （???? ） I don’t know what love is, but your sweet smile still touches me.??
实战演练
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1. 遥远的东方有一条江，它的名字就叫长江。
? In the distant East, there is a river (whose) name is Yangtse River.
2. 我知道, 我一直有双隐形的翅膀,带我飞, 给我希望。
? I know I have a pair of invisible wings （??which/that? ） can take me to fly and give me hope.
3. 十年之后， 我们是朋友，还可以问候。
Ten years later, we are still friends （who/that ） can still say hello to each other.
4. 小小的年纪还不懂什么是爱，却被你甜甜的笑给打败。
I’m at an age (when) I don’t know what love is, but your sweet smile still touches me.??
实战演练（答案）
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1.与such 连用, 引起定语从句
There are no such writers _____ you mention.
2.与same 连用, 引起定语从句
This is the same pen ____________ I lost yesterday.
the same … as 表示同一类人或物；
*the same … that 指同一个人或物
3.as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如 be known，be said，be reported 等
She has been late again, _______ was expected.
4. as we know 结构引出定语从句
The earth , as we know , moves round the sun .
as 的用法
as用作关系代词时，含义为正如
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way 后面的定语从句作状语的引导词有： in which/that 或 不填
way 后面的定语从句
I recognized he’s from Australia from the way ______ he speaks.
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重点和难点
1. 什么情况下只能用that
2. 什么情况下只能用who
3. 什么情况下只能用which
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1. 先行词前面有序数词，最高级或者the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定性词组修饰时修饰的时候用that.
Is oxygen the only gas _____ helps fire burn?
2. 当先行词为all, any,much, few, little,something, anything,everything,nothing,等不定代词时，只用that.
Is there anything else _____ you require?
3. 当先行词既有人，又有物时，只用that He talked about the men and books_____ interested him.
4.在以which / who 为疑问词的特殊疑问句中，用that
Which was the hotel _____ was recommended to you?
5.在there is / here is / it is 句型中，用that
There is no dictionary _____ you can find.
什么情况下只能用that
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什么情况下只能用who
1.当先行词为people或者those时候，只能用who.
例如：Those who want to go there come here please.
2.当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时，只能用who.
例如，Anyone who is againest us is our enemy.
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什么情况下只能用which
1. 关系代词做介词宾语时用which
This is the house in which i once lived
I will give you the book __ you asked
2. 引导非限制性定语从句时用which
The changjiang river, which is the longest river in china, runs fm west to east into the sea.
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总结：
that 是万金油，可以代替who和which除了以下情况：
1.逗号后面或者介词前面不用that, 用which
2.当先行词为people或者those,one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时,不用that,用who
eg.Those who want to go there come here please.
Anyone who is againest us is our enemy.
3. 与such 连用，表示同一类人或者事物，不用that，用as
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1．Most museums in the world keep things from the past _ people should know about. A．what B．as C．that D．when
2．Here is my classmate __bicycle was lost yesterday. A.his B.that C.whose D.which
3．This factory _____ produced paper was closed yesterday because it had caused too much pollution. A．which B．where C．it D．what
4．Anything _____ could be found has been used to repair the damaged bridge.
A．which B．that C．what D．不填
5．I was very surprised at _____ he spoke at the meeting.
A．the way which B．the way on which
C．the way D．in the way that
6．I think of my friend Henry, most of __ letters I still keep.A.his B.who C.whom D.whose
7. The lecturers, most of ____ were scientists, were warmly welcomed by the students.
A．whom B．them C．which D．those
课后练习
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1.关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。不能省略.
2.关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词结构。
When指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。
He told me the date when(on which) he joined the Party.
Where指地点，在定语从句中充当地点状语。
This is the place where(in which) we lived ten years ago.
Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。
I know the reason why(for which) she was so angry.
关系副词
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关系副词的分析
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关系副词 先行词 指时间?地点?原因？ 在句中充当什么成分 例句分析
Rules
when I will never forget the day when/on which i joined the Party
where The factory where/in which my father works is in the east of the city
why None of us know the reason why/for which Tom was absent from the meeting
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关系副词的练习
用三个关系副词填空
1.There are occasions __ one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
2.Beijing is the place __ I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
3.Is this the reason __ he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
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关系副词的练习（答案）
1.There are occasions when （on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
2.Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
3.Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
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1.先行词为时间、地点时，引导词不一定都用when或where引导，要判断它在定语从句中的句子成分。如果从句中缺少主干成分，补关系代词
This is the park (that /which)we visited last year.
She won’t forget the days (that /which)she spent on the island.
2.如果从句中不缺主干，补关系副词。
This is the park where we held a birthday party.
She won’t forget the days when they stayed together.
关系代词和关系副词易错点辨析
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1. I’ll never forget the days _____________ we worked together.
2. I’ll never forget the days ______ we spent together.
3. I went to the place ______________ I worked ten years ago.
4. I went to the place _______ I visited ten years ago.
5. This is the reason _____________ he was late.
6. This is the reason __________ he gave.
练习
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1.This is the factory where/in which I worked ten years ago.
The school where/in which my son studies is near a park.
They’ll never forget July 1 when/on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland.
The days when/in which we lived together happily are gone forever.
There are many reasons why/for what people like traveling.
关系副词 和介词+which
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关系代词前介词的确定
根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系或者习惯搭配
1. 最简单常见的
in which=where The school where/in which my son studies is near a park.
in which=when The days when/in which we lived together happily are gone forever.
for which=why There are many reasons why/for what people like traveling.
2.看从句谓语和先行词的逻辑关系或者习惯搭配
They show me how to use these idioms with which I’m not familiar.
3. of +关系代词=Whose
引起从句： the+ n + of +which/whom
They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.
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练习
This is the car ____which I bought last year.
This is the car ____which I paid 100$.
This is the car ____which I spent 100$.
This is the car ____which I go to work every day.
This is the car ______ which I can’t go to work.
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限制性和非限制性定语从句
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制定语从句无逗号，非限制性定语从句有逗号。
1.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性）
2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词
that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
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限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1. 形式不同：限制性定语从句主句和从句不用逗号隔开，口语使用也不停顿；而非限制性定语从句主句和从句用逗号隔开，口语使用中有停顿。
2. 作用不同：限制性定语从句对先行词的意义进行修饰，限制和识别，如果去掉，会造成语义不完整或者概念不清晰。非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意依然清楚，完整。
3.先行词内容不同：限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或者代词。而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或者代词，也可以是短语或者句子。
4.关系词的使用不同：关系词that和why可以用于限制性定语从句，但不用于非限制性定语从句；另外在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。
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1．He has lost the key to the drawer ___ the papers are kept.
A．where B．on which C．under which D．which
2．Do you remember those days ____we had a good time along the seashore?
A．when B．that C．which D．what
3．I still remember the town___we worked ten years ago.
A.wher B.there C.which D.what
4．Sales director is a position ___ communication ability is just as important as sale skills.
A．which B．that C．when D．where
5．Some pre-school children go to a day care center, ___ they learn simple games and songs.
A．then B．there C．while D．where
6．In the book, the writer described a beautiful place ___ three rivers joined together.
A．which B．where C．what D．when
7．We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, ___ my grandparents and some relatives. A．which live B．that lives C．where live D．who lives
课后练习
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1. 找出先行词
2.找出定语从句
3. 看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(作什么成分？主语、宾语、定语或状语)
4. 看是否特殊用法
定语从句解题关键
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中考链接
1.There is no central heating,but there is a wood burner and solar panels on the top_can provide power for lighting,music and computer(2019年58题)
2.Most people could afford the books_which were produced on a printing press.(2018年57题)
3.Some of my friends_went on to university can't find work.（2016年54题）
4.Can you tell me the reason_he did't join us yesterday.
5.I've never heard of the people and things_you talked about just now.
6.Ronald Dahl was a great children's writer. His dark past helped him paint a picture_was different to most other writer'.
6.Yesterday Mr. Green went to his home town and visited the old house_he was born
7.We need to help those kids_parents have left their hometwon to make money
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中考链接(答案)
1.There is no central heating,but there is a wood burner and solar panels on the top which/that can provide power for lighting,music and computer(2019年58题)
2.Most people could afford the books which/that were produced on a printing press.(2018年57题)
3.Some of my friends who/that went on to university can't find work.（2016年54题）
4.Can you tell me the reason why he did't join us yesterday.
5.I've never heard of the people and thing that you talked about just now.
6.Yesterday Mr. Green went to his home town and visited the old house where he was born
7.We need to help those kids whose parents have left their hometwon to make money
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拓展练习：
1.欣赏英语中的谚语并找出先行词与定语从句,并分析其关系词
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1．He who?has a mind to beat his dog will easily find his stick.
欲加之罪，何患无辞。
2．The?fire which?lights us at a distance will burn us when near.??????????? 火在远处是明灯，?火在近处烧灼人。
3．Everything is ready, and?all that?we need is an east wind.
万事俱备，只欠东风。
4．He who?plays with fire gets burned.玩火者必自焚。
5．He that?serves God for money will serve the devil for better wages.
为金钱侍奉上当的人，必然会为更多的钱去替魔鬼效劳。
6．God helps?those who?help themselves.自助者天助。
7．Nothing in the world is difficult for?one who?sets his mind to it.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
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11. He who?laughs best laughs last.
最后笑的人笑得最好（谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好）（别高兴得太早）
12．????He who?laughs at crooked men should need to walk very straight.
要笑别人驼，自己就得挺起胸膛走路。
13．????He that?respects not is not respected.
不尊重别人者，也不会被别人尊重。
14．???He that?eats the king’s goose shall be choked with the feathers.
吃了别人的嘴软。
15．??????There are none so deaf as?those who?will not hear.
不肯听别人意见的人才是最聋的人。
16．????One who?never made a mistake never made anything.
不犯错误的人必然一事无成。
17．??????The mill cannot grind with?water that?is past.
逝去的水不能再使磨轮转动。（机不可失，时不再来）
18．?????He?lives long?that?lives well.
活得好就是活得长。（生活有价值就是长寿）
19．???He who?would climb the ladder must begin at the bottom.
千里之行始于足下。
20．???He that?is ill to himself will be good to nobody.
不能自爱，焉能爱人。
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21.people who?live in glass houses should not throw stones.
自己有缺点，就别说别人的坏话。
22.They that?reckon without their host are to reckon twice.
店主不在便结账，还得再结第二遍。
24.He that?desires honor is not worthy of honor.想荣誉的人不值得尊重。
25.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。
26. He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。
27. All is well that ends well. 结局好，一切都好。
28.All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光的不都是金子。
29.The hands that push cradles are the hands that push the world.
推动摇篮的手，就是推动世界的手。
30．He who knows others is learned, and he who knows himself is wise.
知人者智，自知者明。
31. He who loves others is constantly loved, and he who respects others is constantly respected. 爱人者人恒爱之，敬人者恒敬之。
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Thank you !
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