牛津高中英语Verbs动词
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牛津高中英语Verbs动词
一、动词的种类
动词的种类 特点 例词
实义动词 能独立做谓语（不能移至句首构成一般疑问句；也不能直接在后面加not 构成否定句） eat,walk, read, write, talk, sing, dance, fly, make, use, try, decide, build, interest, add...
连系动词 不能独立做谓语，只能与后面的表语（通常是adj.）一起构成谓语，表示主语的性质、特征等。 be (是）， look(看起来）， sound(听起来）， feel(感觉）， get(变）， become（变），turn(变）....
助动词 不能独立做谓语，无词义，用来构成否定句、疑问句、时态，语态的。 do, be, will, have...
情态动词 不能独立做谓语，有一定的词义，无人称、数的变化(be able to, have to, be supposed to外)，后接动词原形。 can/be able to, may, must/have to, used to, need, should/be supposed to, will, shall...
EXX: I.指出下列句中划线动词的种类：
---What are you doing? --- I am reading a newspaper.
--- Can you speak English?
--- Yes, but I am able to speak only a little.
Look! The girl looks like her father.
Don’t talk to me. I have to finish the work now.
II.选择填空：
（ ）1. --- It is said this kind of tofu smells terrible.
--- That’s true. But it ______ delicious.
A. feels B. sounds C. tastes
（ ）2. Fresh food is good for you. But you have to ____ it first because it is a little dirty.
A. wash B. stop C. plant
（ ）3. ---Does he like bananas? --- Yes, he _____.
A. can B. does C. is
（ ）4. When spring comes, trees begin to _____ green.
get B. turn C. become
二、情态动词（can, may, must, have to, be able to, be supposed to, should, could，would）
1. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形。变疑问句、否定句与be动词雷同（但是have to?不一样,而且be able to, be supposed to be 有人称、数、时态的变化）。如：
I can help you.????????? Can I help you? Yes, I can. /No, I can’t.
You may sit here. May I sit here?
Yes, you may(can)./No, you can’t(mustn’t.)
He must go now.??????Must he go now? Yes, he must. /No, he needn’t.
He has to wear a uniform at school.?????????
?Does he have to wear a uniform at school?
Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
She is able to swim. Is she able to swim?
Yes, she is. /No, she isn’t.
We are supposed to save water. Are we supposed to save water?
Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
以may开头的一般疑问句，其否定回答要以can’t/mustn’t结尾；以must 开头一般疑问句，其否定回答要以needn’t /don’t have to结尾; 以could开头的一般疑问句，其否定回答要以can’t结尾；
1）---Must we finish our homework now? ---- No, you _______.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. don’t D. needn’t
2）--- May I go home now? --- Sorry，you ______.
A. may B. mayn’t C. can’t D., needn’t
3）--- Could you take out the rubbish?
--- Sorry, I ________. I have to take care of my baby sister.
A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
4) --- My head feels very hot, maybe I have a fever.
--- You ________ take your temperature（量体温）.
A. should B. can C. may D. could
情态动词用法口诀：
情态动词要记牢，动词原形来跟梢。
不管人称单复数，现在过去乐逍遥。
can 表“能力”和“许可”，“猜测”只能否定叫。
换成过去“能”could,“许可”“猜测”都要得，
“许可”“可能”may 来表，然而“猜测性”大不了。
回答“不可以”can’t/mustn’t。
“必须”“一定”must, should “应该”来报到。
回答“不须”needn’t, mustn’t 为“不准/不要”
否定只要接not, 疑问赶紧往前跑。
也有几个好奇妙，“能”be able to,“应该”be supposed to
“不得不”have to, 人称、时态要随主。
三、动词的形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、现在分词、
过去式、过去分词)。
如：do does doing did done
have has having had had
put puts putting put put
study studies studying studied studied
lie lies lying lied lied
lie lies lying lay lain
动词的形式 变化规则 例词
动词原形 不变 look , listen, dance, pass,watch, stop, lie, study...
第三人称单数 -s (一般情况） 在动词末尾加 -es(以s, x, ch, sh,辅O?结尾) - y??? ??i+es(以辅音字母+y结尾) looks, listens, dances, passes,watches, stops, lies, studies...
现在分词 -ing(一般情况） 在动词末尾加 去e加-ing（以不发音的e 结尾） 双写末尾辅音字母再加-ing(重读的辅元辅） 改ie为y 再加-ing(以ie结尾） looking, listening, dancing passing, watching, stopping lying, studying....
过去式 (过去分词) 规则变化 -ed(一般情况） 在动词末尾加 -d（以e 结尾） 双写末尾辅音字母再加-ing(重读的辅元辅） - y??? ??i+ed(以辅音字母+y结尾) 不规则变化（死记硬背） 规则变化 looked, listened, danced, passed, watched, stopped, studied..... 不规则变化 did, had, came, went, was/were, left, put, cut, read, wrote, told, said,taught
四、动词的时态
动词的时态 用法及标志 构成
一般现在时 表示一般性、通常性、习惯性的动作或状态。常与often,usually, sometimes,every….,on Sunday, in the morning?连用；状语从句中。 动词原形或第三人称单数 （动原或三单）
一般过去时 表示在过去时间里发生的动作或状态。 标志：last year/…, yesterday…, two days ago, in 2002...上下文(语境） 过去式
现在进行时 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。标志：Look!/ Listen!; It’s +时刻.; Be quiet! Now;?上下文 am/is/are +-ing
过去进行时 表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。标志：at 11:00 last night, at that time, this time yesterday, when I came in, while 引导的从句中；宾语从句里；上下文 was/were+-ing
一般将来时 表示在将来时间里发生的动作或状态。 标志：next year/…, tomorrow…, in two days, in 2022...,上下文 will +动词原形 be going to +动原
过去将来时 表示在过去看来还没有发生的动作或状态。 常用于宾语从句中;上下文 would +动词原形 was/were going to +动原
现在完成时 用法（一）：表示过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志：just, ever, never, already, yet, before, once, twice… 用法（二）：表示过去发生的动作或状态延续到现在。标志： for +一段时间， since +过去时间， so far…上下文 have/has +PP(过去分词)
过去完成时 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示“过去的过去”标志：by/before+短语；when/before+从句；宾语从句中;上下文 had+pp(过去分词）
?五、动词的被动语态：be+pp(过去分词）
一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are +pp(过去分词）
一般过去时的被动语态：was/were +pp(过去分词）
含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be +及物动词的pp(过去分词）
六、动词的非谓语形式：动词不定式，动名词，分词
使用动词要担心，分析成分看清谓，填谓注意时语态，非谓动词用不定，忙（be busy/be worth）完（finish/end up）之后（for,about,at, in, to,with/without，by,from…）避免（avoid）忍受（stand/tolerate）考虑（consider）建议（suggest)）,忍不住（can’t help）去（go） 保持（keep）实践（practice）,放弃（give up）享受（enjoy）介意（mind） feel like 的-ing。助（do, does, did）?使(make, let)?感(hear, see)?情(can, may, must,would rather, had better, used to)?固(祈使句句首，why not, please后)?原形
用所给动词的适当形式填空：
1.??????Lucy _____________ (dance) on weekends.
2.??????Listen! Who _______________ (talk) with your parents?
3.??????Let me ___________ (have) a look.
4.??????He wants ___________(make ) friends with you now.
5.????By the time I got home, I realized I ___________(leave) my key at school.
6.???????It’s time __________ (play) badminton now.
7.?????When ________ tea___________ (invent) by accident?
8.??????What ______ you ______ last weekend?(do)
9.??????Tom is good at _____________. (swim)
10?. You ____________ fun if you go to the party.(have)
I will try my best to stop myself from _________the same mistake.
make B. making C. made
Her friend would rather _____ the football match than ______ me.
A. watch, see B. to watch, seeing C. watches, see
My son ___________ the army for three years.
A. has join B. joined C. has been in
----Just now I called you, but you didn’t pick it up.
---- Sorry, I _________ a shower at that time.
taking B. was taking C. took
Teenagers _________ not to talk back to their parents.
A. should be taught B. should teach C. should to teach
16. Please wait. The doctor _________ back in a few minutes.
A.is B. has been C. will be
Could you tell me ________________? A. Where is the hospital
where was the hospital C. where the hospital is
Do you know the woman who ______ to your sister now?
talks B. is talking C. are talking
I wonder if it _________ tomorrow. If it ______, we will go for a picnic .
will rain; doesn’t rain B. rains; doesn’t rain C. will rain; won’t rain
That book which _____by Hemingway is worth _______.
A. wrote; reading B. is written; to read C. was written; reading
参考答案
EXX: I.指出下列句中划线动词的种类：
实义动词（实），助动词（助）， 连系动词（系）， 情态动词（情）
---What are you doing? --- I am reading a newspaper.
6.--- Can you speak English?
--- Yes, but I am able to speak only a little.
Look! The girl looks like her father.
Do not talk to me. I have to finish the work now.
II.选择填空：
（ ）1. --- It is said this kind of tofu smells terrible.
--- That’s true. But it ______ delicious.
A. feels B. sounds C. tastes
（ ）2. Fresh food is good for you. But you have to ____ it first because it is a little dirty.
A. wash B. stop C. plant
（ ）3. ---Does he like bananas? --- Yes, he _____.
A. can B. does C. is
（ ）4. When spring comes, trees begin to _____ green.
get B. turn C. become
二、情态动词选择填空：1~ 4 D C D A
动词填空答案：
1. dances 2. is talking 3. have 4. to make 5. had left
to play 7. was ....invented 8. did ... do 9. swimming 10. will have
11~ 15 B A C B A 16~20 C B B A C
一、动词的种类
动词的种类 特点 例词
实义动词 能独立做谓语（不能移至句首构成一般疑问句；也不能直接在后面加not 构成否定句） eat,walk, read, write, talk, sing, dance, fly, make, use, try, decide, build, interest, add...
连系动词 不能独立做谓语，只能与后面的表语（通常是adj.）一起构成谓语，表示主语的性质、特征等。 be (是）， look(看起来）， sound(听起来）， feel(感觉）， get(变）， become（变），turn(变）....
助动词 不能独立做谓语，无词义，用来构成否定句、疑问句、时态，语态的。 do, be, will, have...
情态动词 不能独立做谓语，有一定的词义，无人称、数的变化(be able to, have to, be supposed to外)，后接动词原形。 can/be able to, may, must/have to, used to, need, should/be supposed to, will, shall...
EXX: I.指出下列句中划线动词的种类：
---What are you doing? --- I am reading a newspaper.
--- Can you speak English?
--- Yes, but I am able to speak only a little.
Look! The girl looks like her father.
Don’t talk to me. I have to finish the work now.
II.选择填空：
（ ）1. --- It is said this kind of tofu smells terrible.
--- That’s true. But it ______ delicious.
A. feels B. sounds C. tastes
（ ）2. Fresh food is good for you. But you have to ____ it first because it is a little dirty.
A. wash B. stop C. plant
（ ）3. ---Does he like bananas? --- Yes, he _____.
A. can B. does C. is
（ ）4. When spring comes, trees begin to _____ green.
get B. turn C. become
二、情态动词（can, may, must, have to, be able to, be supposed to, should, could，would）
1. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形。变疑问句、否定句与be动词雷同（但是have to?不一样,而且be able to, be supposed to be 有人称、数、时态的变化）。如：
I can help you.????????? Can I help you? Yes, I can. /No, I can’t.
You may sit here. May I sit here?
Yes, you may(can)./No, you can’t(mustn’t.)
He must go now.??????Must he go now? Yes, he must. /No, he needn’t.
He has to wear a uniform at school.?????????
?Does he have to wear a uniform at school?
Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
She is able to swim. Is she able to swim?
Yes, she is. /No, she isn’t.
We are supposed to save water. Are we supposed to save water?
Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
以may开头的一般疑问句，其否定回答要以can’t/mustn’t结尾；以must 开头一般疑问句，其否定回答要以needn’t /don’t have to结尾; 以could开头的一般疑问句，其否定回答要以can’t结尾；
1）---Must we finish our homework now? ---- No, you _______.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. don’t D. needn’t
2）--- May I go home now? --- Sorry，you ______.
A. may B. mayn’t C. can’t D., needn’t
3）--- Could you take out the rubbish?
--- Sorry, I ________. I have to take care of my baby sister.
A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
4) --- My head feels very hot, maybe I have a fever.
--- You ________ take your temperature（量体温）.
A. should B. can C. may D. could
情态动词用法口诀：
情态动词要记牢，动词原形来跟梢。
不管人称单复数，现在过去乐逍遥。
can 表“能力”和“许可”，“猜测”只能否定叫。
换成过去“能”could,“许可”“猜测”都要得，
“许可”“可能”may 来表，然而“猜测性”大不了。
回答“不可以”can’t/mustn’t。
“必须”“一定”must, should “应该”来报到。
回答“不须”needn’t, mustn’t 为“不准/不要”
否定只要接not, 疑问赶紧往前跑。
也有几个好奇妙，“能”be able to,“应该”be supposed to
“不得不”have to, 人称、时态要随主。
三、动词的形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、现在分词、
过去式、过去分词)。
如：do does doing did done
have has having had had
put puts putting put put
study studies studying studied studied
lie lies lying lied lied
lie lies lying lay lain
动词的形式 变化规则 例词
动词原形 不变 look , listen, dance, pass,watch, stop, lie, study...
第三人称单数 -s (一般情况） 在动词末尾加 -es(以s, x, ch, sh,辅O?结尾) - y??? ??i+es(以辅音字母+y结尾) looks, listens, dances, passes,watches, stops, lies, studies...
现在分词 -ing(一般情况） 在动词末尾加 去e加-ing（以不发音的e 结尾） 双写末尾辅音字母再加-ing(重读的辅元辅） 改ie为y 再加-ing(以ie结尾） looking, listening, dancing passing, watching, stopping lying, studying....
过去式 (过去分词) 规则变化 -ed(一般情况） 在动词末尾加 -d（以e 结尾） 双写末尾辅音字母再加-ing(重读的辅元辅） - y??? ??i+ed(以辅音字母+y结尾) 不规则变化（死记硬背） 规则变化 looked, listened, danced, passed, watched, stopped, studied..... 不规则变化 did, had, came, went, was/were, left, put, cut, read, wrote, told, said,taught
四、动词的时态
动词的时态 用法及标志 构成
一般现在时 表示一般性、通常性、习惯性的动作或状态。常与often,usually, sometimes,every….,on Sunday, in the morning?连用；状语从句中。 动词原形或第三人称单数 （动原或三单）
一般过去时 表示在过去时间里发生的动作或状态。 标志：last year/…, yesterday…, two days ago, in 2002...上下文(语境） 过去式
现在进行时 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。标志：Look!/ Listen!; It’s +时刻.; Be quiet! Now;?上下文 am/is/are +-ing
过去进行时 表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。标志：at 11:00 last night, at that time, this time yesterday, when I came in, while 引导的从句中；宾语从句里；上下文 was/were+-ing
一般将来时 表示在将来时间里发生的动作或状态。 标志：next year/…, tomorrow…, in two days, in 2022...,上下文 will +动词原形 be going to +动原
过去将来时 表示在过去看来还没有发生的动作或状态。 常用于宾语从句中;上下文 would +动词原形 was/were going to +动原
现在完成时 用法（一）：表示过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志：just, ever, never, already, yet, before, once, twice… 用法（二）：表示过去发生的动作或状态延续到现在。标志： for +一段时间， since +过去时间， so far…上下文 have/has +PP(过去分词)
过去完成时 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示“过去的过去”标志：by/before+短语；when/before+从句；宾语从句中;上下文 had+pp(过去分词）
?五、动词的被动语态：be+pp(过去分词）
一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are +pp(过去分词）
一般过去时的被动语态：was/were +pp(过去分词）
含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be +及物动词的pp(过去分词）
六、动词的非谓语形式：动词不定式，动名词，分词
使用动词要担心，分析成分看清谓，填谓注意时语态，非谓动词用不定，忙（be busy/be worth）完（finish/end up）之后（for,about,at, in, to,with/without，by,from…）避免（avoid）忍受（stand/tolerate）考虑（consider）建议（suggest)）,忍不住（can’t help）去（go） 保持（keep）实践（practice）,放弃（give up）享受（enjoy）介意（mind） feel like 的-ing。助（do, does, did）?使(make, let)?感(hear, see)?情(can, may, must,would rather, had better, used to)?固(祈使句句首，why not, please后)?原形
用所给动词的适当形式填空：
1.??????Lucy _____________ (dance) on weekends.
2.??????Listen! Who _______________ (talk) with your parents?
3.??????Let me ___________ (have) a look.
4.??????He wants ___________(make ) friends with you now.
5.????By the time I got home, I realized I ___________(leave) my key at school.
6.???????It’s time __________ (play) badminton now.
7.?????When ________ tea___________ (invent) by accident?
8.??????What ______ you ______ last weekend?(do)
9.??????Tom is good at _____________. (swim)
10?. You ____________ fun if you go to the party.(have)
I will try my best to stop myself from _________the same mistake.
make B. making C. made
Her friend would rather _____ the football match than ______ me.
A. watch, see B. to watch, seeing C. watches, see
My son ___________ the army for three years.
A. has join B. joined C. has been in
----Just now I called you, but you didn’t pick it up.
---- Sorry, I _________ a shower at that time.
taking B. was taking C. took
Teenagers _________ not to talk back to their parents.
A. should be taught B. should teach C. should to teach
16. Please wait. The doctor _________ back in a few minutes.
A.is B. has been C. will be
Could you tell me ________________? A. Where is the hospital
where was the hospital C. where the hospital is
Do you know the woman who ______ to your sister now?
talks B. is talking C. are talking
I wonder if it _________ tomorrow. If it ______, we will go for a picnic .
will rain; doesn’t rain B. rains; doesn’t rain C. will rain; won’t rain
That book which _____by Hemingway is worth _______.
A. wrote; reading B. is written; to read C. was written; reading
参考答案
EXX: I.指出下列句中划线动词的种类：
实义动词（实），助动词（助）， 连系动词（系）， 情态动词（情）
---What are you doing? --- I am reading a newspaper.
6.--- Can you speak English?
--- Yes, but I am able to speak only a little.
Look! The girl looks like her father.
Do not talk to me. I have to finish the work now.
II.选择填空：
（ ）1. --- It is said this kind of tofu smells terrible.
--- That’s true. But it ______ delicious.
A. feels B. sounds C. tastes
（ ）2. Fresh food is good for you. But you have to ____ it first because it is a little dirty.
A. wash B. stop C. plant
（ ）3. ---Does he like bananas? --- Yes, he _____.
A. can B. does C. is
（ ）4. When spring comes, trees begin to _____ green.
get B. turn C. become
二、情态动词选择填空：1~ 4 D C D A
动词填空答案：
1. dances 2. is talking 3. have 4. to make 5. had left
to play 7. was ....invented 8. did ... do 9. swimming 10. will have
11~ 15 B A C B A 16~20 C B B A C