(共56张PPT)
Unit 1 A land of diversity
单词注释
难句剖析
导读诱思
美国被称为民族文化的“大熔炉”,那么来自世界各地的人在美国是如何生活的呢?
A look at the history of the United States indicates that this country has often been called “a melting pot”,where various immigrants and ethnic1 groups have learned to work together to build a unique nation.Even those “original” Americans,the Indians,probably walked a land bridge from Asia to North America some thousands of years ago.So,who are the real Americans?The answer is that any and all of them are!And you,wherever you come from,could also become an American.Then you’d become another addition to America’s rich “nation of immigrants”.
单词注释
难句剖析
导读诱思
The United States is currently shifting from being a nation of immigrants of mainly European descent2 to one of immigrants from other parts of the world,such as Africa and Latin America.The number of recent immigrants has skyrocketed.They desire to escape economic hardship and political oppression3 in their native countries and to seek a better education and a more prosperous life in America,“the land of opportunity”.Although there are frequent conflicts4 between the cultures they have brought with them from the “old country” and those found in America,most immigrants learn to adjust to and love their adopted5 land.
单词注释
难句剖析
导读诱思
Americans have also learned much from the customs and ideas of the immigrants and are often influenced by them in slight and interesting ways.Immigrants bring their native cultural,political and social patterns and attitudes,varied academic6 and religious backgrounds,as well as their ethnic arts,sports,holidays,festivals and foods.They have greatly enriched American life.
For immigrants from all parts of the world,the United States has been a “melting pot” in which the foreigners have sometimes remained culturally and linguistically(语言上地) what they were in their native lands even as they move towards becoming citizens of the United States.The melting pot does not melt away all recollections of another way of life in another place—nor should it.On the contrary,immigrants should maintain7 the languages,skills,religions,customs and arts of their own,even while they are working towards entering the mainstream of American culture.?
单词注释
难句剖析
导读诱思
1.ethnic adj. 种族的
2.descent n. 血统,家世
3.oppression n. 压迫,压制
4.conflict n. 争论;冲突
5.adopted adj.所选择居住的;移居的
6.academic adj. 学术的;学院的
7.maintain vt. 维修,保养;保持
单词注释
难句剖析
导读诱思
For immigrants from all parts of the world,the United States has been a “melting pot” in which the foreigners have sometimes remained culturally and linguistically(语言上地) what they were in their native lands even as they move towards becoming citizens of the United States.
译文 对于来自世界各地的移民来说,美国已经成为一个“大熔炉”。在这里,外国人在文化和语言上有时保持他们原来的样子,甚至当他们正逐渐成为美国公民的时候。
剖析 这是一个复杂的复合句,其中in which引导定语从句,what引导名词性从句做表语,as引导时间状语从句。
单词注释
难句剖析
导读诱思
1.The United States has been called “a melting pot”,because .?
A.various immigrants and ethnic groups have learned to work together to build a unique nation
B.“original” Americans,the Indians,probably walked a land bridge from Asia to North America some thousands of years ago
C.the number of recent immigrants has skyrocketed
D.Americans have learned much from the customs and ideas of the immigrants
2.Why have more immigrants come to the USA in recent years?(within 30 words)
A
They desire to escape economic hardship and political oppression in their native countries and to seek a better education and a more prosperous life in America.
Section Ⅰ— Warming Up,Pre-reading,
Reading & Comprehending
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Pre-reading
一、回答下列问题
1.Which flag is the American national flag?
2.Which city is the capital of the USA?
A.New York.
B.Washington D.C.
C.Los Angeles.
D.Houston.
A
B
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二、将下列单词与相对应的释义搭配起来
A B
1.means a.a quick increase in trade and economic activity
2.boom b.the amount expressed as if it is part of a total
which is 100
3.elect c.most people or things
4.percentage d.a way of doing sth.
5.aircraft e.to choose from sth.
6.majority f.a plane or any vehicle that can fly
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三、短语填空
1.live 继续存在;继续生存?
2.make life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等?
3. means of 用……办法;借助……?
4.keep 坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)?
5. addition 另外;此外?
6.declare war 对……宣战?
7. one’s dream 实现梦想?
8. the time 到……为止?
9.such 例如?
10. long 不久?
on
a
by
up
in
on
achieve
by
as
before
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While-reading
四、阅读CALIFORNIA,完成下列表格
ruled
settling
discovery
rich
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brought
decades
home
computer
Attracted
diversity
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五、阅读CALIFORNIA,回答下列问题
1.What does the text mainly tell us?
A.The life of Californians.
B.The population of California.
C.The land of California.
D.The history of California.
2.How did the first settlers come to California?
A.They flew to California over the Pacific Ocean.
B.They sailed southwards through the Indian Ocean.
C.They got to America crossing the Bering Strait in the Arctic by means of a land bridge.
D.They sailed to the west in the Spanish ships.
D
C
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3.Which of the following is TRUE?
A.Most people did not become rich but settled in California.
B.Most people died in the gold rush.
C.The first to arrive in California for gold were Asians.
D.All the people became rich in the gold rush.
4.Where do Chinese-Americans live today?
A.They live in all parts of California.
B.They only live in the “Chinatowns” of Los Angeles.
C.They only live in San Francisco.
D.They live in California as well as in Los Angeles and San Francisco.
A
A
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5.What about the future of California?
A.The racial culture will go on.
B.Its climate and lifestyle will change a lot.
C.More people will come to California only for gold.
D.More travellers will be attracted to California for the climate and the lifestyle.
D
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Post-reading
六、根据课文内容填空
California has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA,which 1. (attract) people from all over the world.?
has attracted
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Among the first settlers,Native Americans are believed to have crossed the Bering Strait to America 2. means of a land bridge which 3. (exist)in prehistoric times.Today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first 4.__________ second language because California was ruled by Spain in the 18th century.Of the first Spanish to go to California,the 5.__________ (major)were religious men.Most of the people attracted from all over the world to California remained to make 6. life for themselves after the 1848 Gold Rush,7. (make)it a multicultural society in 1850.Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period and 8.__________ (increase)when the rail network from the west to the east coast 9._________________ (build).?
In fact,before long California will become a 10._________ (mix)of many races and cultures.
by
existed
or
majority
a
making
increased
was being built
mixture
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1.The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.
这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
考点live on 继续存在;继续生存
These Chinese traditions will live on even in the “Chinatowns” of California.
即使在加利福尼亚的唐人街,这些中国传统也将继续存在下去。
Though the boy lost his parents in the tsunami,the people around him managed to help him live on.
虽然这个男孩在海啸中失去了父母,他周围的人还是帮助他继续生存下去。
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(1)阅读下列句子,体会live on的意义。
①Most Asians live on rice.大多数亚洲人以米饭为主食。
意义 以……为食
②That old woman lives on the earnings of her daughter.
那位老太太靠她女儿的收入生活。
意义 靠……为生
(2)阅读下列句子,体会live的相关的短语及含义。
③They live for nothing but pleasure.
他们只是为了享乐而活着。
短语 live for 意义 为……活着?
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④The students try to live up to the high standard of the school.
学生们力求达到学校的高标准。
短语 live up to 意义 达到?
⑤Whether you like it or not,you will have to live with the matter.
不管喜欢与否,你都得忍受这件事情。
短语 live with 意义 忍受;容忍?
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活学活用
语法填空
(1)In modern times,people have to learn to live all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.?
(2)These animals with long necks live the leaves of the trees.?
选词填空
(3)Stand up and .You are sure to succeed in the future.(live in;live on)?
(4)I don’t enjoy the pain,but I can it.(live with;live out)?
(5)We will what our parents expect of us.(live up to;live in)?
with
on
live on
live with
live up to
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2.However,it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而,很可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
剖析 it为形式主语,that引导主语从句做真正的主语。
考点likely adj.很可能的;预料的
【高考典句】His efforts most likely saved the woman’s life.
他的努力很可能挽救了这位女士的性命。
【高考典句】(2018·全国高考Ⅱ)If you work out bright and early in the morning,you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.
如果你一大早就做运动,你就更有可能一整天都坚持选择健康的食物。
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辨析likely/possible/probable
We are likely to win the game.我们很可能会赢得比赛。
It is likely that we’ll win the game.
我们很可能赢得比赛。
It is possible for him to come.他可能会来。
It is possible that he will come.
他可能会来。
It is probable that he will come.
他很可能会来。
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归纳 Sb.be likely to do...某人很可能做……
It is likely that...很可能……
It is possible for sb.to do... 某人可能做……
It is possible that...可能……
It is probable that...很可能……
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活学活用
单句改错
(1)It is probable for him to tell us the right way.
(2)We are possible to meet him there.
同义句转换
(3)They are likely to improve the situation.
probable→possible
possible→likely
It is likely that they can improve the situation.
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3.Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.
科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
剖析 which existed in prehistoric times是定语从句,修饰a land bridge。
He is studying in Beijing University which is well known in the world.
他在世界闻名的北京大学学习。
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考点means n.手段;方法。单数和复数的形式相同。
【高考典句】The cow was their only means of support,in fact.
事实上,这只奶牛是他们唯一的生计来源。
There is/are no means of finding out what happened.
没办法查明发生了什么事。
归纳 means做主语时,谓语动词要与means所代表的单复数保持一致。
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(1)means,way和method为同义词,都有“方式,方法”之意,注意与其搭配的介词的不同。
by this means=in this way=with this method
(2)by means of...用……办法;借助……
The local army helped the victims of the earthquake by means of rebuilding their houses.
当地的军队用重建房屋的办法帮助震区灾民。
He crossed the river by means of a raft.
他借助筏子渡河。
(3)by all means 可以,当然;没问题
—Can I use your pen?我可以用一下你的钢笔吗?
—By all means.当然。
(4)by no means绝不
By no means will he succeed.他绝不会成功。
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活学活用
完成句子
(1)—Shirley,can I have a look at your photos?
— (当然可以).Here you are.?
(2) (绝不) should you lend him any money.?
(3)He won the first in the game _________________ (用……方式) his cleverness and hard work.?
By all means
By no means
by means of
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4.Of the first Spanish to go to California,the majority were religious men,whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.
在首批移居加州的西班牙人中,大部分是宗教人士,他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。
剖析 不定式to go to California做定语,修饰the first Spanish。whose引导定语从句,修饰men。
考点majority n.大多数;大半
The company holds a majority of the stock.
该公司拥有半数以上的资本。
Do you think he will win by a majority in the coming election?
你认为他会在即将到来的选举中以多数票获胜吗?
归纳 a majority of 的意义是“大多数”;by a majority的意义是“以多数票”。
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(1)the majority of...做主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;作为整体时,谓语动词也可以用单数形式。
The majority of people were in favour of the proposal.
多数人赞成这个建议。
The majority of the damage is difficult to repair.
大部分损失难以修补。
(2)be in the majority占大多数
Those who are in favour of the proposal are in the majority.支持该项提议的人占大多数。
(3)反义词:minority少数
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活学活用
语法填空
(1)The school shop, customers are mainly students,is closed for the holidays.?
(2)The majority of teens (be) fond of popular music.?
完成句子
(3)In the nursing profession,women are ___________________ (占大多数).?
(4)He was made leader of the team ___________________ (以多数票)185.?
whose
are
in the majority
by a majority of
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5.Some died or returned home,but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.
一些人死了或回家了,但是不论多么艰苦,多数人还是留在了加利福尼亚谋生。
考点一make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
They made a life after they arrived there.
到达那儿之后,他们开始了新的生活。
The old worker out of work makes a life by collecting wine bottles.
这位失业的老工人依靠收酒瓶子为生。
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(1)同义短语:make a living,earn a living
(2)life常用短语归纳:
bring...to life使……苏醒;使……复苏
come to life苏醒过来;恢复生气
The doctor tried his best to bring the patient to life.
医生努力使病人苏醒过来。
When he came to life,he found himself in hospital.
当他苏醒过来的时候,他发现自己在医院里。
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考点二despite prep.尽管;不管
【高考典句】(2018·天津高考)Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing,the industry has many challenges to overcome.
尽管3D食品打印最近有所进步,但该行业仍有许多挑战需要克服。
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同义短语:in spite of,regardless of
活学活用
完成句子
(1)You are old enough to __________________________ (自己谋生).?
(2) (尽管) his failure,he couldn’t stand others feeling sorry for him.?
(3)The young man managed to _________________________ (习惯自己生活)after his wife’s death.?
make/earn your own living
Despite
make a life by himself
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6.By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850,it was already a multicultural society.
到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候,它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。
剖析 by the time到……时候为止,引导的状语从句常用一般时态,主句多用完成时态。
By the time she got indoors,the phone had stopped ringing.
到她进来时,电话已不响了。
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考点elect vt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人
My sister elected an art course because she was interested in art.
因为我姐姐对艺术感兴趣,所以她选择了一门艺术课。
She elected to return to work after her baby was born.
她决定孩子出生后再去工作。
The college has elected a woman as its new president.
这个学院选举了一位女性担任新院长。
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(1)在“elect+sb.+职务”结构中,如主席、总统、市长等独一无二的职位前不用任何冠词。
They elected him chairman of the organization.
他们选他为该组织的主席。
(2)派生词:election n.选举;推举
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活学活用
语法填空
(1)They elected him captain of the team for ______ second time.?
(2)She elected (remain) at home.?
选词填空
(3)By the time she gets home,her aunt _______________ for London to attend a meeting.(will have left;left)?
(4) to the House,a person must be twenty-five years old and must have been a citizen of the United States for seven years.(To be elected;Elected)?
/
a
to remain
will have left
To be elected
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7.Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period,it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了,但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
剖析 it was the building of the rail network...that brought even...是一个强调句结构。
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“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”构成强调句型。强调句的一般疑问句形式是把is/was提前,特殊疑问句形式是在一般疑问句前加疑问词。
It is she who has made more and more people interested in tennis.是她使得越来越多的人对网球感兴趣。
What was it that made Jack so pleased?
是什么使得杰克如此高兴?
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活学活用
语法填空
(1)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into ______ we do benefits our work most.?
(2)It’s not what we do once in a while shapes our lives,but what we do consistently.?
(3)It is I who (be) your friend.?
(4)It (be) my parents that (be) my supporters.?
(5)It was not until I came here I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.?
what
that
that
am
is
are
that
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句型转换
(6)Nancy saw your sister in Tokyo last week.(对地点状语进行强调)
(7)I didn’t realize all my mistakes until you told me yesterday.(对not...until结构进行强调)
It was in Tokyo that Nancy saw your sister last week.
It was not until you told me yesterday that I realized all my mistakes.
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8.Today,Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California,although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the “Chinatowns” of Los Angeles and San Francisco.
今天,加利福尼亚州各地都有美籍华人居住,尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)的“中国城”里。
剖析 although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the “Chinatowns”...是让步状语从句。
Although each of us knows the importance of protecting the environment,we sometimes do something harmful to it.
尽管我们每一个人都知道保护环境的重要性,但是我们有时还是做对环境有害的事情。
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考点percentage n.百分比;百分率
a percentage of后接名词时,其后面谓语动词的单复数要与所接名词相符合。
【高考典句】What percentage of student job seekers have found a job by now?
到现在为止有百分之几的学生求职者已经找到一份工作?
【高考典句】Graphs can be a very useful tool for conveying information,especially numbers,percentages,and other data.
图表可以成为一种非常有用的工具,用于传达信息,尤其是数字、百分比还有其他数据。
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(1)the percentage of...……的百分比,做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The percentage of the students who are admitted to universities is high.被大学录取的学生的百分比很高。
(2)辨析percent/percentage
percent表示“百分之……”,相当于“%”,其前多是一个具体数字;而percentage表示“百分比,百分率”,不用数字修饰,只可加high,large,low或small等词。
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Seventy percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.地球表面的70%被水覆盖。
【高考典句】(2018·浙江高考) And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at,they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
虽然塑料袋看起来很难看,但它们只占今天地面上所有垃圾的一小部分。
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活学活用
语法填空
(1) regular exercise is very important,it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.?
(2)What percentage of the water (be) used here so far??
(3)Thirty percent of skilled workers (be) women workers.?
Although/Though
has been
are
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9.In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own,which today still keeps up their Danish culture.
1911年,丹麦移民建立了他们自己的城镇,至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。
考点keep up 坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)
The climbers kept up in the hope of reaching the top of the mountain with the last effort.
登山队员们坚持前进,希望最后一鼓作气到达山顶。
It’s of great importance to keep up the good reputation of the firm.维持公司的好名誉是很重要的。
Though they live in the United States,they keep up the Chinese customs.
虽然他们住在美国,但他们仍沿袭着中国的风俗。
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阅读下列句子,体会keep up with的意义。
①I had to run to keep up with him.
为了跟上他,我不得不跑。
意义 跟上;赶上
②Do you find it hard to keep up with medical development?
你觉得了解医学的发展难吗?
意义 熟悉,了解(消息、形势等)
③Do you still keep up with Jack?
你仍与杰克有联系吗?
意义 保持联系
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活学活用
完成句子
(1)Nowadays some old traditions and customs in remote areas deserve ________________ (被沿袭).Otherwise they are to die out in the near future.?
(2)He successfully ? (赶上)his classmates.?
(3)The surviving sailors managed to ? (坚持)until the lifeboat came.?
to be kept up
kept up with
keep up
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10.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups,but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
人们认为,要不了多久,多种国籍的混合将会非常之大,以至于不可能存在几种主要的种族或文化群体,而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。
剖析 这是一个主从复合句。It做形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。本结构为:It is/was+p.p.+that...
常用于此结构的动词有say,report,think,hope,suggest,believe,know,announce等。
It is reported that a new shopping mall will be built here next year.
据报道,明年这里将建一座新的购物中心。
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It was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced.
据宣布,将有新的限速规定出台。
此句型可改为sb./sth.be said/reported/thought/...+不定式的各种结构。
It is believed that working hard can lead to success.
=Working hard is believed to lead to success.
人们相信,努力工作就能成功。
It is said that he has passed the driving test.
=He is said to have passed the driving test.
据说他已经通过了驾驶考试。
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活学活用
语法填空
(1)It is often (say) that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.?
(2)AIDS is said (be) the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.?
完成句子
(3)据说油价不久会上涨。
that the price of oil will go up soon.?
(4)人们相信这项发明将造福于世界。
that the invention will benefit the world.?
said
to have been
It is said
It is believed
(共50张PPT)
Section Ⅱ— Learning about Language,Using Language,Summing Up & Learning Tip
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一、学习下面词汇并选择合适的单词或短语完成句子,每个单词或短语只能用一次
?
1.In December,I was as a hotel manager.?
2.Police reports are full of accidents that when people fall into sleep and go off the road.?
3.No one can doubt that the and opening-up policy introduced in 1979 has had a great effect on the lives of Chinese citizens.?
4.On weekends the Smiths usually drive to the countryside and ___________ the fresh air there.?
hired
occur
reform
take in
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5.John preferred to go into business alone rather than _________________ anyone else.?
6.I hurried down to the platform and into the refreshment room;Steve was to be seen.?
7.The ship through the water just now.?
8.The black clouds that it is going to rain.?
team up with
nowhere
slipped
indicate
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二、将下列单词与相对应的释义搭配起来
A B
1.indicate a.not in any place or to any place
2.slip b.to improve sth. by making changes to it
3.hire c.to slide a short distance and lose your balance
slightly
4.nowhere d.to show that sth.is true or exists or to show that
sth.is possible or likely
5.reform e.to employ someone for a short time
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三、短语填空
1.back back 背靠背?
2.team up 与……合作或一起工作?
3.mark 画线;标出……界线?
4.take 包括;吸收?
5. great/good many 许多;很多?
6.apply 申请;请示得到?
to
with
out
in
a
for
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四、补全对话
—Hi,Tom.
—Hi,Jack.When did you return to school?
—Yesterday. 1 ?
—Yes,it can’t be better.
— 2 ?
—I went to Scotland.
—Did you go there alone?
— 3 We travelled around in Scotland.We spent a week in Edinburgh,and then went to St.Andrews.?
—It’s said that Highlands is a very good place to see.Did you go there?
—No.We stayed at a hotel near Loch Lomond for a few days and came back to London down the west coast.
D
B
E
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— 4 ?
—Quite good,and everybody was kind.People aren’t in such a hurry there,you know.
— 5 ?
—Sure.
A.How was the weather when you were there?
B.Where did you go during the holiday?
C.You must have enjoyed your holiday.
D.Did you have a good holiday?
E.No.I went there with my parents.
A
C
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1.It didn’t occur to me that...
我没想到……
剖析 It didn’t occur to me...是主句,其中It是形式主语,that...才是句子真正的主语。
考点occur vi. 发生;出现
【高考典句】(2018·天津高考)The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.
唤醒感官的第一步是我们将要看到和感受到的东西发生之前停止预测。
Such plants have never occurred in this area.
从未在这个地区发现过这种植物。
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(1)It occurred to me that...我(突然)想到……
It occurred to me that he might be interested in the problem we had discussed.
我想起来了,他也许对我们讨论过的那个问题感兴趣。
(2)Sth.occurs/occurred to sb. 某事突然出现在某人的脑海里。
A brilliant idea occurred to me.我想到一个极好的主意。
(3)If anything should occur,...如果发生什么事情的话……
If anything should occur,please call 110.
如果发生什么事情的话,请拨打110。
(4)辨析occur/happen/take place
这三个词(组)都有“发生”的意思,都不可用于被动语态,但具体用法又有所不同:
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①occur较正式,指偶然发生的或未按计划发生的事情,可用于具体或抽象的事情,尤其强调某事物呈现在心中或脑中,且多有具体的时间或地点等条件。
Miracles sometimes occur,but you have to work hard for them.
奇迹有时是会发生的,但是你得为之努力工作。
②happen最常用,含义广泛,常指偶然或意外发生,后接不定式,也可接介词to,也可用在“It happened that...”结构中。
I’m awfully sorry about it.I assure you that it won’t happen again.
对这事我很抱歉。我向你保证这种事不会再发生了。
③take place通常指根据安排或计划发生。
The presidential election will take place next year.
总统选举将在明年举行。
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活学活用
完成句子
(1)_______________________(我从没想到过) that as one of the top students he should fail in the exam.?
(2)While I was chatting with others on the Internet _______________________ (我突然想起来) that I had a date with my friend.?
用occur,happen或take place的正确形式填空
(3)Earthquakes frequently in this area.?
(4)Suddenly a good idea to me.?
(5)The wedding will in July.?
(6)It never to me that he was a lawyer.?
It never occurred to me
it suddenly occurred to me
occur/happen
occurred
take place
occurred
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2.Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.
尽量使用上面的词组来表明你在认真听你的搭档说话。
考点indicate vt.指出;标示;表明;暗示
【高考典句】Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they have the instinct to help others.
迈克尔·托马塞洛的关于孩子的试验表明他们有帮助他人的本能。
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The light above the elevator indicated that the elevator was then at the 10th floor.
电梯上方的灯标示那时电梯在十楼。
【高考典句】The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago.
同样的调查也表明今天父母的参与率比上一代要高。
The manager’s hesitation indicated his unwillingness.
经理的犹豫暗示出他不愿意。
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派生词:indication n.指示;表示;征兆
This map gives no indication of the height of the hill.
这张地图没有标出这座山的高度。
There are indications that it is going to rain.
有迹象表明要下雨了。
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活学活用
语法填空
(1)The arrow on the map indicates the accident happened.?
完成句子
(2)夜空呈红色往往预兆第二天天气晴朗。
A red sky at night often the next day.?
(3)他拿出一张地图,给我们指出最近的路线。
He took out a map and _____________________________ to us.?
(4)路标指给我们应走的路。
A signpost for us to follow.?
where
indicates fine weather
indicated the nearest route
indicates the right road
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3.Sit back to back with your partner so you can’t see each other.
与你的搭档背对背坐着,彼此看不见。
考点back to back背靠背
Stand back to back and we’ll see which of you is taller.
背靠背站着,这样我们就能看出你们哪一个高了。
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与back to back相似的短语有:
face to face 面对面 hand in hand手拉手
shoulder to shoulder肩并肩 side by side肩并肩
head to head交头接耳 arm in arm 臂挽臂
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活学活用
语法填空
(1)Who are the two girls that are standing back back??
(2)The students were divided into two groups,standing face ___ face.?
(3)The two girls were walking in the street hand hand.?
(4)The bridge is wide enough for six cars to drive side _____ side.?
句子翻译
(5)不要背靠背站着,好吗?
to
to
in
by
Don’t stand back to back,will you?
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4.Teamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car.
同饭店里的一对夫妻(彼得和泰莉)做伴,一起租了一辆小汽车。
考点一team up with 与……合作或一起工作
The professor teamed up with his assistant to finish the experiment.
教授和他的助手合作完成的这项实验。
They teamed up with the scientists from the UN to fight against the bird flu.
他们与从联合国来的科学家携手同禽流感斗争。
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考点二hire vt.& n.租用;雇用;聘用
They hired a car for ten days.他们租用了一辆汽车十天。
【高考典句】(2018·江苏高考)Painters,digital media experts,photographers,booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event.
画家、数字媒体专家、摄影师、预订代理商和推广人员被聘请来推销门票和宣传活动。
【高考典句】Small talk even helps people get hired.
闲聊甚至会帮助人们被雇用。
Bicycles for hire!出租自行车!
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辨析employ/hire/rent
①employ意为“雇,雇人”,指商店或公司长期雇用人。
The company will employ fifty more people.
公司将再雇用50个人。
②hire意为“短期租借,雇”,指按工作量或时间雇用或租借,宾语可为人或物。
He hired a suit for the wedding.
他租借了一套衣服参加婚礼。
③rent意为“租”,指长期租用或出租(房屋、土地等),一般以物做宾语。
I have rented a house and paid the rent.
我已租了一套房子,并付了租金。
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活学活用
语法填空
(1)You can team up one of your friends if you want.?
(2)—Do you feel like (walk) there or shall we take a bus? ?
—I’d like (walk).But since there isn’t much time left,I’d rather we (hire) a taxi.?
词语替换
(3)It is necessary for one country to cooperate with others in the new economic world.?
with
walking
to walk
hired
team up with
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5.There’s a fascinating drive marked out for tourists.
有一种专为旅游者选定的吸引人的驾车游活动。
考点一fascinating adj.迷人的;吸引人的
I had expected the book to be boring,but on the contrary,it was fascinating.
我本以为这本书很乏味,但正好相反,它让人着迷。
考点二mark out画线;标出……界线
Spaces for each car were marked out in the car park.
停车场上的每个车位都用线画出。
They marked out the tennis court with white paint.
他们用白漆标出了网球场的界线。
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(1)阅读下列句子,体会mark的相关短语及意义。
①All goods have been marked down by 15%.
所有商品都打八五折。
短语 mark down 意义 减价;打折?
②Share prices were marked up as soon as trading started.
交易一开始,股票价格就涨上去了。
短语 mark up 意义 涨价;加价?
(2)be marked with被做上……的标记
The box you are looking for is marked with your name,isn’t it?
你找的那个箱子用你的名字做上了标记,是不是?
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活学活用
语法填空
(1)Scientists found many stones (mark) with numbers on the mountains.?
(2)The shop window display was so (fascinate) to the children that they stood in front of it for a long time.?
(3)I was (fascinate) by her voice.?
marked
fascinating
fascinated
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6.It’s a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.
这是一次往返79千米的旅行,涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。
剖析 that takes in all the famous tourist spots是一个定语从句。
考点take in 包括;吸收;领会;接受
【高考典句】(2018·天津高考)Next time you take a walk,no matter where it is,take in all the sights,sounds and sensations.
下次你散步的时候,无论在哪里,都要用心体会所有的风景、声音和感觉。
This article takes in all aspects of the problem.
这篇文章包括这个问题的所有方面。
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(1)阅读下列句子,体会take in的意义。
①The kind farmer took in the homeless child.
那位好心的农民收留了这个无家可归的孩子。
意义 收留
②Don’t let yourself be taken in by these politicians.
不要让这些政客把你骗了。
意义 欺骗
③We can’t take in what he is saying.
我们不明白他在说什么。
意义 理解,明白
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(2)take常用短语归纳:
take advantage of利用,占……的便宜
take after (外貌或行为)像(父或母)
take...for granted想当然认为(会是某种情况)
take it easy慢慢地(不要着急)
take on呈现;雇用
take off脱下;匆匆离开;(飞机等)起飞
take over接替,接管
take up 占据;开始从事
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活学活用
语法填空
(1)Some insects take the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.?
(2)These teenagers don’t know much of the world yet,and that’s why they are so easily taken .?
(3)After his death,his son took the business.?
(4)When did you take football??
(5)The plane will take in ten minutes.?
选词填空
(6)Our textbook 55 pictures taken in foreign countries.(takes in;takes over)?
(7)Fish oxygen through their gills.(take over;take in)?
on
in
over
up
off
takes in
take in
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7.Saw some interesting temples here,a number of markets and a great many restaurants.
在这儿看到了一些有趣的寺庙,不少集贸市场和大量的餐馆。
考点a great/good many许多;很多
In the snowstorm,a great many students are waiting in long lines to sign for the art test.
在暴风雪中,许多学生排队等候艺术考试报名。
I have a good many things to do.
我有很多事情要做。
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(1)a great/good many修饰可数名词,类似的短语还有quite a few,a large/great number of,scores of,dozens of等。
Quite a few football fans had arrived in South Africa by then.
许多足球迷那时就已经到达了南非。
(2)修饰不可数名词的短语有a great deal of,a great/good amount of等。
There is a great deal of oil on the surface of the sea after the accident.事故发生后,海面上有大量的石油。
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(3)many a/an 修饰单数名词,其后的谓语动词形式用单数,但是其意义是“很多”。
Many a student is reading English.
很多学生在读英语。
(4)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的短语有a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,(large) quantities of等。
There is plenty of rain in this area.
这个地区雨水充足。
Lots of books are provided for the library by him.
他为这个图书馆提供了大量的书籍。
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活学活用
用a good many或a great deal填空
(1) of time and energy has been spent in making the earthquake-stricken area a permanent museum to remind people how disastrous a natural disaster can be.?
(2) students have been sent to help cut rice on the farm.?
单句改错
(3)Harry,our new roommate,is always asking a good many of questions.
A great deal
A good many
去掉of
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8.From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.
从1882年到1940年,天使岛成为一个著名的移民站,很多中国人在那里申请了在美国的居住权。
剖析 where引导定语从句,修饰immigration station。
I will go to Chengdu where my friend lives.
我将去成都,我的朋友住在那儿。
考点apply for 申请;请示得到
Li Hua has applied for a passport to the USA.
李华申请了去美国的护照。
He is applying to the bank for a loan.
他正在向银行申请一笔贷款。
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(1)apply oneself to致力于,使专心从事
He applied himself to learning English.他专心学英语。
(2)apply to运用;适用于
We should apply our knowledge to our life.
我们应该把我们的知识运用到我们的生活中去。
These principles apply to learning maths.
这些原则适用于学习数学。
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活学活用
语法填空
(1)Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is a first-class university,_________ lots of people are eager to study.?
(2)Many laid-off workers have applied the government the newly-built apartments.?
(3)The position (apply) for by most candidates actually requires at least 5 years’ working experience.?
句子翻译
(4)他已通过当地政府申请了一份工作。
(5)他已经申请去丹麦与一家公司合作。
where
to
for
applied
He has applied for a job by means of the local government.
He has applied to go to Denmark to team up with a company.
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9.The cells in the station were very small,cold and damp;some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go.
移民站的房间又小又冷又潮湿,一些房间甚至没有光,但是移民们没有其他去处。
考点nowhere adv.无处;到处都无
—Where can you find help?你能在哪儿找到帮助?
—Nowhere.没有地方。
The children were nowhere to be found.
到处都找不到那些孩子。
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somewhere adv.某处;在某处
anywhere adv.任何地方;无论何处
everywhere adv.处处,到处
nowhere near离……很远;肯定不;差得远
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活学活用
完成句子
(1)My pen _______________________(哪儿也找不到了).?
(2)I only had ￥100,000 and that was ___________________ (远远不够) to buy a new house.?
(3)Nowhere else _____________________________ (你能找到这么漂亮的地方).?
句子翻译
(4)这个可怜的老人无处可住。
is nowhere to be found
nowhere near enough
can you find so beautiful a place
This poor old man has nowhere to live.
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10.Grammar
考点一 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词(词组),它在复合句中能做主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
考点二 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连词:that,whether,if;连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which等;连接副词:when,where,how,why等。
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考点三主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的构成和用法。
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考点四不可省略的连接词:
1.介词后的连接词。
2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连接词。
考点五whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1.whether引导主语从句并在句首时。
2.whether引导表语从句时。
3.whether从句做介词的宾语时。
4.从句后有or not时。
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考点六名词性从句顺口溜:
名词性从句并不难,
陈述语气要当先。
特别注意引导词,
引导主语、表语和宾语。
主语从句嫌太长,
it在句首属正常。
宾语从句也不短,
it代替并不乱。
表语从句不能变,
稳稳当当在中间。
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活学活用
语法填空
(1) makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.?
(2) one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.?
(3)Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.?
(4)Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.?
(5)From space,the earth looks blue.This is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.?
What
Whichever
what
that
because
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(6)It is still under discussion the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.?
(7)Before a problem can be solved,it must be obvious the problem itself is.?
(8)I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer,which is ________ he never finishes anything.?
(9)(2016·江苏高考改编)It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.?
(10)(2016·北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from the dust.?
(11)(2015·北京高考改编)I truly believe beauty comes from within.?
whether
what
why
that
that
that
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(12)A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not _______ ships are built for.?
(13)Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.?
(14)The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.?
(15)“Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.” This is _______ my mother used to tell me. ?
(16)(2018·全国高考Ⅲ改编)I’m not sure is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.?
what
when
when
what
who
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完成句子
(17)It is raining heavily.I can’t understand ____________________________ (为什么他们坚持出门).?
(18) (这个年轻人抓住了那个小偷) made us surprised.?
(19) (据报道) a year ticket for travelling will be sold in the city.?
(20)That is (他正担心的事情).?
why they insisted on going out
That the young man had caught the thief
It is reported that
what he is worried about
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句子翻译
(21)这就是我们的问题所在。
(22)那就是他没来开会的原因。
(23)我不知道他什么时候回家。
(24)事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
(25)他们是否要来并没有关系。
This is where our problem lies.
That is why he didn’t attend the meeting.
I have no idea when he will come back home.
The fact is that we have lost the game.
It doesn’t matter whether they will come or not.
(共6张PPT)
Section Ⅲ— Writing
描写或介绍某一地方的文章是说明文常见的形式之一,属于事物性说明文,要求用简洁的语言把需要介绍的要点讲清楚,时态多用一般现在时,如果是介绍旅游经历,则多用一般过去时。
描写地方时的常用词语及句型:
1.位置
It stands at...;It is/lies in/to/on the north/west/south/east of...;It is located in/at...
2.面积、人口
The area of this city is...times bigger than that of...
It covers an area of...with a population of...;The population of...is large/small.
3.变化
...has/have taken on an entirely new look;Great changes have taken place since...;...is not what it used to be...years ago.
4.交通
It is convenient for you to go to...;From here you can travel to anywhere by sea/land/air.
5.气候
The weather is pleasant with...;The average temperature of...is...
6.景点
The beauty of...is more than words can describe.
You will be struck/fascinated by...;What impresses me most is...
假设你是李华,你生活的城市肥城是国家级园林城市。为扩大知名度,你打算在互联网上对其进行宣传。请根据下表提供的信息用英语写一篇短文介绍自己的家乡。
注意:可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:国家级园林城市 national garden city
参考范文
Located at the foot of Mount Tai,our city Feicheng covers an area of 1,277 square kilometers or so and about one million people are living in it.With a long history,it is rich in mineral resources.What’s more,being a national garden city,the environment of it is very beautiful.For example,there are many attractive parks in our city,such as Fanli Park and the Park of Baiyun Mountain.In the free time,especially during the holidays,a lot of citizens as well as tourists often travel there to relax and enjoy themselves.Much to our delight,with the fast development of economy,not only are people living a happy life,but its competitive power is also much stronger than before.
I am convinced that our city will become a more and more beautiful place to live in.
(共8张PPT)
单元重点小结
重点单词
重点短语
重点句型
重点语法
功能
1.distinct adj. 清晰的;明显的;明确的→ n. 差别;区分;卓著?
2. n. 手段;方法
3. n. 大多数;大半?
4. n. 苦难;困苦
5. vt. 选择;决定做某事;选举某人?
6. n. 百分比;百比率
7. adj. 种族的;人种的?
8.applicant n. 申请人→ vt. 申请;应用→___________ n. 申请;申请表;应用?
9. vi. 发生;出现
10. vt.指出;标示;表明;暗示?
11. adj. 显而易见的;显然的;表面上的→__________ adv. 显然地;显而易见地?
distinction
means
majority
hardship
elect
percentage
racial
apply
application
occur
indicate
apparent
apparently
重点单词
重点短语
重点句型
重点语法
功能
12. n. 闸;刹车;制动器 vi.&vt. 刹(车);用制动器减速?
13. vi. 滑动;滑行;滑跤 n. 滑动;滑倒?
14. vt.&n. 租用;雇用
15. adv. 无处;到处都无?
16. n. 处罚;惩罚
17. n. 正义;公平→ adj. 正义的?
18. vt.&vi. 哀悼;悼念;表示悲痛?
19. n. 权威;权力 (pl.)当局;官方?
20. vt.&n. 抓住;抓紧;掌握;领会?
21. adj. 感激的;感谢的?
22. vt. 插入;嵌入?
brake
slip
hire
nowhere
punishment
justice
just
mourn
authority
grasp
thankful
insert
重点单词
重点短语
重点句型
重点语法
功能
1. 继续存在;继续生存?
2. 用……方法;借助……?
3. 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等?
4. 坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)?
5. 背靠背?
6. 与……合作或一起工作?
7. 用线画出范围;标出……界线?
8. 包括;吸收?
9. 许多;很多?
10. 申请;请示得到?
live on
by means of...
make a life
keep up
back to back
team up with
mark out
take in
a great/good many
apply for
重点单词
重点短语
重点句型
重点语法
功能
1.However,it is that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.?
然而,很可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
2.Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.?
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了,但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
likely
it
was
that
重点单词
重点短语
重点句型
重点语法
功能
3. before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups,but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.?
人们认为,要不了多久,多种国籍的混合将会非常之大,以至于不可能存在几种主要的种族或文化群体,而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。
It is believed that
重点单词
重点短语
重点句型
重点语法
功能
复习名词性从句做主语、宾语和表语(Revise Noun Clauses as the Subject,Object and Predicative)
1. attracts people to California is its pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle.?
2.Most applicants know they have very little chance of getting a visa.?
3.This is today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.?
What
that
why
重点单词
重点短语
重点句型
重点语法
功能
1.Encouraging others to speak(鼓励别人说话)
Cool. Good. Really?Yes,that’s right. That sounds right.
Indeed?Such as?Is that so?Sounds great!
2.Describing a place(描述地点)
on the east/west coast to the north/south of the USA
along the northwest coast of from the west to the east coast
in South China in San Francisco Bay
in southeastern part of California around the state of California
