16 大使馆妈妈

(共96张PPT)
2009·高三·我们最后一课
静
从6年的积累到高考的释放， 我们要有一个专心、静心地集聚能量的过程。蚕宝宝蜕变有一个停食过程，总攻号前的战场上也会是寂静无声的，勇士们子弹已经上镗，就等待着那一庄严时刻的到来。此时，我们需要的是静心，静心，再静心……
高考PK知识+身体+心态
我们已经历经千辛万苦积累了6年的知识和经验，完全可以应付高考了。
我们现在所需要的是一个好的身体，好的身体是做成任何事情的本钱。
我们还需要一个好的心态。心态是知识与能力释放过程的催化剂。心态越好，催化剂就越多，知识与能力的释放就越充分、越完美。
高考年年都有黑马。黑马就是心态超好，导致超常发挥，知识与能力尽其释放。
高考年年都有遗憾。一味苦做难题则会使大脑因过度疲劳而产生“自我抑制”，最终导致前功尽弃！
单项选择 15’
完形填空 20’
阅读理解 40’
单词拼写 5’
短文改错15‘
书面表达 25’
时间就是分数，时间就是金钱，时间就是前途
单项选择
加强审题意识 ，在语境下答题。
多种解题方法并用，尤其是结构还原法、增元补全法 、抓关键词法、化繁为简法 、结构重组法 等，力争要做一题对一题。
多使用“错误排除法”来提高答题准确率。排除错误答案时，多问几个为什么
提高警惕，提防陷阱。最好能辨认出陷阱。
不可恋战，尤其是词组辨析题，不会就是不会，不要浪费过多的时间。
整体不难，但要细心，会的做对不留遗憾。
每题时都要问一下考什么？相关知识是什么？
We ______ the umbrella for it didn’t rain at all.
A. must not have taken
B. wouldn’t have taken
C. don’t have to take
D. needn’t have taken
要对症下药
考什么？相关知识是什么？
It is ___ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.
A. so unusual B. such unusual
C. such a unusual D. so unusual a
考什么？用什么方法解题？
I stared into the blackness and wondered if he was aware of my presence as I .
A. was of his B. did of him
C. was him D. did his
以前没见过，超难！不过好象缺什么成分，补起来再说
语法题要进行句子分析
What plan did he think of _________ the building ahead of time
A. complete B. completed
C. completing D. to complete
think of a plan to do sth.
语法题要进行句子分析
The old man never fails to help _______ is in need of his help.
A. whom B. anyone
C. whoever D. whomever
whoever 做从句的主语
要把句子看完，不要遗漏关键词
Robert is said abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
要把句子看完，不要遗漏关键词
Father is sleeping. Please _______ the radio a little.
A. turn out B. turn off
C. turn on D. turn down
对粗心的同学来说，高考题陷阱很多耶！
克服思维定势
Good manners are not always the same ______ different countries.
A. with B. as C. in D. to
— The exam wasn’t difficult , was it — No, but I don’t think could pass it.
A. somebody B. anybody
C. everybody D. nobody
克服思维定势
Physics always interested my classmates and me .
A. is B. are
C. have D. has
There will be more people living in the development zone soon. A. much B. plenty of
C. a lot D. a lot of
克服思维定势
Quickly he himself down, and soon fell asleep. A. lay B. laid C. lain D. lied
A computer does only what thinking people . A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done
（本题47.33%的考生选了B项。）
日常用语：礼貌+习惯
先确定对话的背景或场合，后看是否有习惯表达，最后留意是否存在中西方文化的差异。
---Waiter!
---_______
--- I can’t eat this soup. It’s too salty.
A. Yes, sir B. What
C. All right D. Pardon
完形填空答题技巧
上下求索寻信息，左顾右盼找联系，前呼后应谐主题
双向（顺向、逆向）思维
填空时先易后难，没有必要按序填写
答案随手填入空格内，以便思路不受干扰
最后带着选项再复读校正，看全文是否前后一致
寻找突破口
细读第一句，它是全文的窗口。
快速阅读全文，了解文章大意
答案不仅要在原句中合理，也要在全文中合理，要有全局观。
短文中的连词、代词等作用重大，不可忽略。
领会词句的感彩，捕捉信息词，找出解题突破口
从不设空的首句中看出点什么
Ella Fant was a middle-aged lady who lived with her only son John in a small house.
文体是什么？话题大概是什么？
She 1 John very much. In her 2 he couldn’t do anything 3 …
1. A. depended on B. waited on
C. trusted D. loved
2. A. hope B. eyes C. head D. beliefs
3. A. wrong B. great C. good D. strange
上下文找联系
Traveling , today becomes yesterday; traveling west it is tomorrow. A. south B. east C. north D. west
Many old people don’t have good . They can’t watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio. A. hearing B. health C. eyesight D. time
词意复现是完形填空一大特色
The strange thing was that practically all the students went to class, and very few people stayed up late at night. Only the new people stayed up or ________ class.
A. attended B. took C. missed D. studied
The parents said that most of the homework was a waste of time, and they wanted to _______ it. Spain and Turkey are two countries which stopped homework already.
56. A. delay B. stop C. block D. prove
大量题目根据中学生应有的常识来判断
On _______ days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves.
A. sunny B. rainy C. cloudy D. snowy
But we ran so much that, afterwards, we had trouble _______ .
A. speaking B. sleeping
C. breathing D. moving
常识能帮助选择答案
When the papers were ______ , the teacher discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test.
A. examined B. completed
C. marked D. answered
一定要积极调动自己的常识
It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their ________.
A. jobs B. homes
C. buses D. offices
不会每一个人上班都有office吧？
善于利用语篇标志
让步: although, even if, whatever
转折: but, however, while, when, and yet
递进: even, also, besides, moreover, nor
选择: or, otherwise, either…or…
结果: so, therefore, thus, as a result
原因: because, since, due to, owing to
善于利用语篇标志
He used to be very lazy, but now he is very ________.
A. hardworking B. patient
C. humorous D. grateful
“Did she have an accident Something _______ ” I thought to myself about her disappearance.
A. better B. worse C. more D. less
暗含递进关系
需要逻辑思维、推理
…and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange quite pleasant taste. A. besides B. but C. and D. or
需要逻辑思维、推理
Picture-writing was useful in many ways. It could be used to express ideas as well as ________ .
A. stories B. animals
C. subjects D. objects
ideas 抽象的思维
objects 具体的东西
高频词组、固定搭配
_______ , for example, the neatly-dressed woman I used to see -- or look at -- on my way to work each morning.
A. Make B. Take
C. Give D. Have
take … for example
高频词组、固定搭配
The city was named George Washington, the first president of the United States. A. by B. for C. as D. after
Here’s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself so much money. A. for B. by C. to D. of
be named after …
help oneself to …
有时语法还是要考虑的
I played a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most surprising and tiring games I've ever had. When Ed first phoned and _______ we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an easy victory. ……
A. declared B. mentioned
C. persuaded D. suggested
只有suggest后面可以跟we should play
特别注意形容词
Soon father said in a ______ voice, "Kate and Joan, a friend of mine is coming here to see me this evening, and I wish to be ______ with him. Will you go up to your own room " We obeyed, went to our room and closed the door.
A. loud B. calm C. pleasant D. sad
A. pleased B. alone C. careful D. patient
译汉语 讲故事
能流利地讲下去吗
校对时不妨试一试：
合情合理吗
阅读理解也有解题顺序
广告、新闻阅读属于信息性阅读，容易直接在文章中找到答案。
史地类文章属客观性较强文章，一般没有深层理解，可以省出时间来回答其他更复杂的问题。
广告类文章
新闻报道类
记叙文
议论文
史地说明文
阅读理解
众所周知，“从易到难”是我们每个同学应遵循的原则。所以在做阅读理解时，不必拘泥于试卷所呈现的语篇顺序。
可以先做广告或新闻报道类的应用文篇目。因为应用文阅读属于信息性阅读，主要目的在于获取某方面的信息，其试题大多数是客观性较强的表层理解题，比较容易直接在文章中找到答案。先做这类试题，能给自己增添信心，为顺利完成后面的试题打下良好的基础。同时，也可以省出时间来回答其他更复杂的问题。
接着做人物、故事等类的记叙文。这类篇目中既有客观性较强的表层理解题，也有主观性较强的深层理解题，需要花费较多的时间进行推理、判断。
最后，再做科普类的说明文。因为这类篇目中的生词量相对较大，句式也较复杂，需要用更多的时间去完成相关题目。
把以前讲过的东西再强调一下
文章偏难，可先看看所需回答的问题，往往能获得提示。
根据问题中的关键词，快速阅读、扫描相关段落或句子，以准确获得所需信息。
应用笔在文中作分析符号，在答题依据旁标注题号，表示这个问题我是有案可稽的。
答题不可脱离原文，凭空想象，一定要有根据。
阅读题要求选的是最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对的，但从全文来看则不是最佳的.
阅读理解解题顺序
先文后题
快速读文，把握文意
浏览问题
带着疑题跳读短文
定位划出与问题相关的部分
选择答案
先题后文
主要用于广告新闻体裁
浏览问题
带着问题去阅读短文
定位划出与问题相关的部分
选择答案
题型1： 主旨概括
主旨概括题的范围一般包括：短文标题、主题、大意或段落大意等。做这类题目时，要迅速地剔除文中的细节事实、作者所使用的论据，找到各段的主题句，然后进行归纳、总结和概括。
注意：概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝对不可离题太远、太笼统，或者只概括一段或几句话的意思。
干扰项或是远离文章内容，或是以偏概全。主题常与该段首句、尾句相关。
What is the main idea of the passage
Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
全面考虑，综合分析，高度概括
What is the main idea of the passage 　
A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.
B. Bingham is a diligent student.　
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.
D. A good lawyer needs good education.
我们要有加工与浓缩信息的能力
What is the topic of this text
Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.
What is the topic of this text
A. Young thieves.
B. An unusual illness.
C. Reasons for stealing.
D. A normal child's actions.
题型2：推理判断
要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
很容易犯主观武断错误，自以为是、凭空想象。一定要考虑作者态度（即使不一定正确）
注意：当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时，不是在问你作为中国学生的想法，而是作者本人在字里行间所表述的观点。
Divers and planes were searching for more than 400 missing passengers in an Egyptian ship which had sunk near the Safaga port. Two days later, divers discovered that most of the lifeboats never left the ship. Hundreds of bodies are still inside the ship. More than 450 passengers and sailors died under the water.
Hundreds of passengers died under the water and are still in the ship because _____.
A. most of the passengers on the ship could not swim
B. the Egyptian ship sank into the sea very quickly
C. most of the lifeboats are still on the ship
D. they were too frightened to escape from the sinking ship
阅读理解需要最佳答案
The old saying “An apple a day keeps doctors away” is not as silly as some people think. The body needs fruit and vegetables because they have vitamin C. Many people take extra vitamins in pill form, believing that these will make them healthy. But a good diet is made up of nourishing (营养) food and this gives all the vitamins you need. The body does not need or use extra vitamins, so why waste money on them.
In this paragraph, the writer tries to let us know _______.
A. vitamin C is of great importance to our health
B. apples can take the place of doctors
C. taking extra vitamin pills is completely useless
D. often eating fruit and vegetables is a good habit
题型3：词义辨别
猜测词义时，一定要回到原文中，因为没有上下文就没有词义，不可仅凭印象
The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof.
The underlined word “family” in the second paragraph means _____.
A. home 　 B. children 　
C. wife and husband 　 D. wife and children
题型4：细节理解
考查考生对文中某一细节或重要事实的辨认、理解。因此，我们应该首先阅读短文（特别是广告、说明文等）后面的问题,找出“key words”，确定所需查找的细节及事实的范围，然后利用略读手法快速确定文中的出处，并对其进行转换、加工，直至确定最佳答案。
占阅读理解试题的50%，是得分大户，也是最容易得分的题目，前提是细心！
大部分细节就是用英语解释英语
原文：The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value.
考题：Kleptomaniacs usually steal things that are unimportant.
原文： Highway accidents are the leading killer of teenagers.
考题： Most teenagers lost their lives driving on highways.
非常幼稚耶
只要信心，这20分就没问题
Valencia is in the east part of Spain. It has a port on the sea, two miles away on the coast. It is the capital of also named Valencia. The city of Valencia has been known since the 2nd century. In the 8th century it was the capital of Spain. There is also an important city in Venezuela named Valencia.
From the passage how many places have the name Valencia
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
… “I’m glad of that!” answered the stranger. He wanted to say more, but the east wind blew right down his throat whenever he tried to speak.
From the passage we know the two speakers were facing _________
A. east B. west
C. northeast D. northwest
迂回细节，有时要脑筋急转弯
Amarillo gets very cold in winter. There is sometimes more snow in Amarillo than in New York, which is a northern city. Summers are better, but sometimes gets quite hot. The best time to visit Amarillo is in the fall when it is cool.
迂回细节，有时要脑筋急转弯
According to the passage, Amarillo probably lies ________ of America.
. in the north
. in the south
. in the hot area
. in the cool area
脑瓜转得过来吗？
书面表达审题写点非常重要
审题
审体裁，审人称，审时态
篇章框架构思
写点
6-10个得分点，千万不可遗漏
写出动词短语
疏于审题，随意就写，涂改严重，绝对等于自杀
用词造句，扬长避短
用词有疑，另找替代。一法不成，另寻他途。
选择使用自己最熟悉的词语和句型以及自己最有把握的表达方式，以达扬长避短的目的。
善于到前几项中，尤其是阅读理解中找可以借鉴的好句子、好词组。
用词造句，扬长避短
这饼干味道很香。
The biscuit tastes nice. 他写了些读后感。
He wrote something after reading.
他们家家有存款、余粮。
They have more grain and money than they can use for themselves.
变换句式，长短结合
句法句式上，要求变换各种句式，如强调句、倒装句、感叹句、省略句、各种从句和固定句型等，长句和短句交错使用。
怎样写出好句子？ 改变结构
Mr. Zhang is an English teacher. Mr. Zhang is willing to help others.
Mr. Zhang is an English teacher and he is willing to help others.
Mr. Zhang, who is an English teacher, is willing to help others.
Mr. Zhang, an English teacher, is willing to help others.
怎样写出好句子？改变结构
I will fly to Shanghai if I have time.
I will, if I have time, fly to Shanghai.
He was very surprised to find everybody gone. What surprised him most was to find everybody gone.
We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning.
Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.
怎样写出好句子？运用短语
She doesn’t like sports.
She cares nothing for sports.
A new railway is being built here.
A new railway is under construction here.
We badly need the equipment. We are in great need of the equipment.
怎样写出好句子？运用从句
He had to go home.
All he could do was to go home.
I studied Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer at school.
The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer.
怎样写出好句子？打破常规
Our dog had saved my little sister bravely.
It was our brave dog who had saved my little sister.
We were glad to see the vegetables growing very well.
How glad we were to see the vegetables growing so well.
My brother was riding the bike and I sat on the seat behind him.
My brother was riding the bike with me sitting on the seat behind him.
连句成文，过渡自然
为了使文章在整体上结构严密，浑然一体，应该在句子与句子之间，甚至段落与段落之间，恰当地使用一些过渡性词语。
连接词
表时间顺序：
first, after that, soon, then, now, finally, at last
表空间顺序：
here, there, under, in front of, next to, opposite to
表并列关系：
and, also, too, as well as, therefore, so
表转折关系：
but, and yet, however, though, otherwise, even if
表因果关系：
because of, since, thanks to, due to, as a result, owing to
Nowadays, some of us students have formed some bad habits on campus. For example, some students leave the lights on in the daytime, or let water running after washing. Some leave over much food on the table after eating. Besides, waste paper and spoiled books can be seen everywhere. So it is high time that we had to deal with the problems.
As we all know, these bad habits will have a bad influence on our character and behavior. What’s worse, they can not only increase our cost at school and add financial burden to our parents, but also waste the limited resources.
结构紧凑，层次清楚，过渡自然
But how to reduce the waste In my opinion, we should start with ourselves to save everything. Here, I'd like to remind my friends to take the lead in reducing the waste.
Therefore, I’m sure, with everyone doing his bit, we will change the present situation.
表格对比类书面表达越来越八股了
模板1
The topic of … is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view that … for the reason of …. What is more, ….
While others think that B is a better choice for the following three reasons. Firstly, …. Secondly, …. Finally, … .
In my opinion, I think A … . For one thing, …. For another thing, … . Therefore, … .
模板2
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over the issue that …. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in …. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, …. Secondly, ….
Just as a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides", … is no exception, and in another word, it still has some negative aspects. To begin with, …. In addition, ….
To sum up, we should try to take the advantages of …, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ….
As is shown by the graph, … has been increasing steadily from … in 1978 to … in 2005. From the sharp rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ….
There are at least two good reasons accounting for the change. On the one hand, … . On the other hand, … is due to the fact that ….　In addition, … is also responsible for ….　Maybe　there are some other reasons to show …. But it is　generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that …. I am sure my opinion is both sound　and well-grounded.
模板3
看图说话类文章要认真准备
请按照下面6幅图的提示和所提供的主题句，写一篇题为“Changes in Our Life”的英语短文。
Over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life. Take my family for example.
一定要按图写点
边审题，边打草稿
contact others by sending them letters
make long-distance calls at home
listen to the radio for news as well as for entertainment
watch the news and other programs on TV
live in a small room crowded with furniture
move into a big new three-room apartment
结尾点题：In short, changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us comfort and convenience.
以短文改错的精神来复查书面表达
时态是否运用混乱
讲故事过去时，讲道理现在时，提建议多用should
句子结构是否完整
Because后面有主句吗？When从句后面是句号吗
要点是否遗漏欠缺
6-8个得分点。如果按要点打草稿的话，这部分可省略。
冠词代词有无用错，名词单复数正确否
最被人瞧不起的错误，绝对应避免！
有没有汉语式表达
写自己熟悉的句子写自己背过的句子写自己有把握的句子
句子开头首字母要大字，句末要使用正确的英语标点符号
如考试时间多余，一定要检查：
有没有遗漏或没有做完的题目
答题卡上有无漏涂、错涂现象
复查自己没有把握、有疑问的地方，尤其是标记有？的地方
检查试卷和答题卡上是否有与答案不相干的文字或符号
复检书面表达前3句与后3句有没有错误
再罗嗦几句，绝对是血的教训
没有百分之百的把握，不要轻易改动第一次做好的答案
分四批（1-20、21-35、36-55、56-75）涂写答题卡(否则后果不堪设想)
思路中断时，放下笔握紧拳头或让手自然垂到体侧，轻微摆动；或将圆珠笔拆散再装好
善于联想，这条题目往往会给那条题目提供线索。阅读文章中的句子，也会给书面表达灵感
Just for fun
年
代 完形填空 阅读理解 整个试卷
A B C D A B C D A B C D
03 5 5 5 5 4 4 6 6 19 19 22 15
04 5 6 5 4 5 4 5 6 19 20 21 15
05 4 4 6 6 5 5 5 5 19 21 20 15
写在最后的话
答题应遵循先易后难的原则。一份高质量的试卷，在难度的设置上应该有一定的坡度，“入手容易深入难”是高考命题工作的一个原则。同学们拿到试卷以后，应该迅速浏览试卷，看试卷是否有分发和印刷错误，是否有漏印或缺页的问题，并初步了解考试内容和难度。高考命题难易比例是： 5（容易题）∶3（中档题）∶2（难题），80％的试题属于中等难度以下的题目或者说是基础题，英语命题难易原则也不例外。
关于先易后难的原则，同学们应该自己掌握，因为每个人的擅长之处是不一样的。但有一点要注意，不要在某一道题或者分值较小的题目上花过多的时间，既准又快是先易后难原则的具体体现。
要十分重视第一印象（ first impression）。心理学表明，考生在接触试题时大脑皮层处于高度兴奋状态，对新事物的反应灵敏，容易迅速做出决定。经验表明，第一感觉的正确率在80％以上，因此，不要轻易改动第一次做出的选择。在检查的时候，同学们不要按照第一次答题的角度去考虑，应该从另外一个角度去思考，没有充分、足够的理由不要推翻第一次的选择。
针对英语科目填涂答案多的特点，建议同学们在答题的过程中边做边涂（前提是不影响自己的答题速度）。不管怎样，同学们一定不要忘记在考试结束前10分钟左右涂完自己的机读卡，可以说此时已经是胜券在握，然后再利用剩余的时间检查没有把握的试题，对于有把握的答案就不要再浪费时间了。建议同学们第一次答题时，对于没有把握的试题答案应该用铅笔做一个标记，以示区别。
Thank you，good bye
愿我们在座的各位同学，象这匹马，驰骋在高考征程，创造自己的辉煌