2020年中考英语阅读理优选优练及答案

2020年中考英语阅读理优选优练及答案
仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后完成题目。
Passage A
Almost every Chinese person can recite the two lines of the famous poem. "Every grain on the plate comes from hard work (难知盘中餐, 粒粒皆辛苦) ". But sadly, many of us don't actually get the real meaning of these lines: Don't waste food.
??? A CCTV program, News One Plus One, reported that food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year.
??? Do we have too much food? No, according to the UN World Food Program, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2010, especially in developing countries. Six million children die of hunger every year.
???? Chinese people are well known for being generous (慷慨的) . Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food on the table.
???? Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. Last November, Li Hong, a waitress in a restaurant in Nanjing, got fired (开除) because she took some leftover (剩余的) food home for her son. Many people stood by her side and agreed that it was not right to waste food.
??? What should we do in our daily lives to waste less food? Here are some tips:
1. Do not order (定购) too much in a restaurant. Only order what you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food you ordered, take the rest of it home.
2. Don't be too picky(挑剔的) about food. Some food may not taste great. But your body needs it.
3. Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Don't buy too much, especially for vegetables and fruit.
1. According to News One Plus One, Chinese people __________.
A. save food enough to feed 200 million people for a year.
B. throw away lots of food every year.
C. get enough food to feed millions of people every year.
D. have to feed 200 million hungry people every year.
2. In the third paragraph, we know that __________.
A. we have too much food to feed people in the world.
B. there were 925 million people in developing countries.
C. because of hunger, six million children die every year.
D. there are only a few people getting hungry every year.3
3. In the fourth and fifth paragraphs, we can conclude (得出结论) that __________
? A. all Chinese people are generous.
? B. Chinese people always waste food.
? C. U Hong got fired because she wasted food.
? D. everyone should get into the habit of saving food.
4. What should we do to save food in our daily lives?
? A. When we order too much food in a restaurant, just take the leftover food home.
? B. Eat more food that doesn't taste great.
? C. We should not buy vegetables and fruit.
D. We should keep an eye on the food we like.
5. What's the main topic of the passage?
A. Don't waste food.
? B. Many people die of hungry.
? C. Don't be picky about food.
D. Eat all the food you order.

Passage B
Films at the Museum Two European films will be shown on Saturday afternoon at the Museum Theatre. See Broken Window at 1：30. The Workers will be at 3：45. For further information, call 4987898.
Captain Good Fellow Do your children enjoy interesting stories, funny games, and exciting dances? Captain Good Fellow will be ready to teach all these things to children at the City Theatre on Saturday morning at 10：00, free.
International Picnic Are you tired of eating the same food every day? Come to Central Park on Saturday and enjoy food from all over the world. Delicious but not expensive. Noon to 5：00 p．m.
Take me out to the Ballgame It's October, and Saturday night (7：00～9：00) is your last chance to see the Red Birds this year. Get your tickets at the gate. It might be cold. Don't forget sweaters and jackets.
Do you want to hear The Zoo The Zoo, a popular rock group from Australia, will give their first U. S. concert this Saturday night, at 8, at Rose Hall, City College.
(　　)1. On Saturday morning, you can ______.
A．go to watch a ballgame
B．take children to play games at the City Theatre
C．go to a concert at Rose Hall, City College
D．go to the Central Park for a picnic
(　　)2.The Red Birds Ballgame ______.
A．is in the afternoon B．is outside
C．is at the gate D．might be cold
(　　)3.You can eat many different kinds of food from all over the world if you ______.
A．go to the City Theatre B．go to the Central Park
C．buy tickets at the gate D．go to see a film
(　　)4.The Zoo is ______.
A．a US concert B．a park with many red birds in it
C．a music group D．going to give their last concert
(　　)5. Which is NOT possible for Mr. Turner to do if he wants to have a nice Saturday?
A．Watching a ballgame and having a picnic.
B．Having a picnic and seeing a film.
C. Listening to a concert and watching a ballgame.
D．Seeing a film and listening to a concert.

Passage C
A famous teacher was speaking to the students at our school. He began his lesson by holding up a ?100 bill. Then he said to the three hundred students, “Who would like this ?100 bill?” The students began to put up their hands at once.
Then he said, “I am going to give this ?100 to one of you, but first, let me do this.” He then made the bill into a ball. Then he said, “Who wants it now?” The hands went back into the air.
“Well,” he said, “What if I do this?” and he dropped it on the floor and stepped on it. He picked up the dirty, crumpled bill and said, “Who still wants it?” Hands went back into the air.
“My friends,” he said, “you have learned a valua?ble lesson today. No matter (无论) what I did to the money, you still wanted it because it did not go down in value (价值). It was still worth ? l00!”
Many times in our lives, we are dropped, crum?pled, and stepped on by the chances we take and the things that happen to us. We feel as if we are worth nothing. But remember, no matter what has happened to you, you will never lose your value: you are always valuable to those people who love you. Your value doesn’t come from what you do or whom you know, but WHO YOU ARE.
You are special and valuable. Don’t ever forget it!
1. Even though it was dirty, the money _______.
A. still went up in value?????????????????????? B. was worth nothing
C. didn’t go down in value????????????????? D. was still ours
2. We are always valuable to the people _______.
A. who pay us?????????????????????????????????? B. who call us
C. who hate us?????????????????????????????????? D. who love us
3. Your value doesn’t come from what you do but _______.
A. who you know????????????????????????????? B. who made you
C. who you remember??????????????????????? D. who you are
4. The sentence “Hands went back into the air” means “_______”.
A. the students put up their hands again
B. the students put down their hands
C. the students put their hands behind their backs again
D. the students put their hands in front of them
5. Why did the famous teacher use a ?100 bill at his lesson?
A. Because he wanted to make the bill into a ball.
B. Because he used to drop a bill on the floor and stepped on it.
C. Because he was going to give the bill to one of his students.
D. Because he wanted to make the students know what value was.

Passage D
Cooking Kills Four Million People a Year
Polluted airborne particles（大气悬浮颗粒）kill 7 million people a year, reports the World Health Organization.
That news may not come as a surprise to anyone who has seen images of chimneys in Beijing, Delhi or Mexico. But those factories—or even the jammed roadways of modern cities—are not the biggest killer. Each year, some 4.3 million people die earlier than they should because of polluted air inside their homes, says the WHO.
What’s causing the air inside people’s homes to be so poisonous that it kills around 11,000 people a day? Stoves. “Having an open fire in your kitchen is like burning 400 cigarettes an hour.” says Kirk Smith, a professor at the University of California at Berkeley, whose research suggests that household air pollution from cooking killed between 3.5 million and 4 million people in 2013.
Not all stoves cause this kind of harm. The ones Smith’s talking about are those that the 3 billion people in the developing world use for heat and cooking, which burn solid fuels such as wood, coal, or crop waste instead of gas. The smoke from those fires produces harmful fine particles and carbon monoxide into homes. Poor ventilation then prevents that smoke from escaping, raising fine particle levels 100 times higher than the limits that the WHO considers acceptable.
Breathing this air day in day out finally causes a lot of diseases: more than a third of the 4.3 million die of a stroke, while a quarter die of heart disease. And around one-third of annual lung disease deaths worldwide are due to waste from coal stoves.
Exposure tends to be extremely harmful for the people who spend the most time around the fire—usually women and young children. In fact, the WHO reports that household air pollution almost doubles the risk for childhood lung disease.
1. According to Kirk Smith’s research, ________.
A. factories are the biggest killer worldwide nowadays
B. burning 400 cigarettes an hour is extremely dangerous
C. household air pollution from cooking is surprisingly harmful
D. some 4.3 million people die earlier each year than they should
2. What should be the deadly killer in a household kitchen?
A. Solid fuels.????? ?B. Coal stoves.??????? ?C. Poor gas.?????? ??D. Cooking smoke.
3. The underlined word “ventilation” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.
A. airing??????? ???B. cooking???????????? C. burning??????????? D. cooling
4. The author intends to tell people ________.
A. how to avoid polluted air in their homes
B. to stop cooking in the household kitchen
C. to guard against household pollution from cooking
D. how to prevent childhood lung diseases in household

Passage E
Many Chinese students like to study in English colleges.There is something important that they need to know well.
English people can't accept those people who like speaking loudly in public. They always speak in a low voice and they are used to speaking quietly, so that they all think it's impolite to make much noise or call somebody loudly.
They often say“Please”before asking for something, and say“thanks”after receiving help or service. It's said that the most expression used in public is “Excuse me”. Someone, for example, will say it when they want to order some dishes in the restaurant or do shopping in the store. Importantly, some people will greet each other with it when they meet for the first time. What's more, when a little accident happens to some persons, they will be ready to say it. Of course，“cheers” is also used widely.It's another way of saying“You're welcome”or“Goodbye”．
Women and old people are respected by most people. English often let women and old people first. They can get on the bus first and do anything first in many situations. And they all like to do things waiting in a line. You can't believe that there are only a few people waiting to get money in front of the ATM machine in a line. You can't see the people jump the queue. It's a really traditional morality. We should learn from them.
(　　)1.If you are in a hospital，you need to talk with your friends________．
A．noisily　　　B．loudly　　　C．gently
(　　)2.We should say “________”when the waiter serves us with some hot water in the restaurant.
A．You're welcome B．Thanks a lot C．Excuse me
(　　)3.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The accident. B．The service. C．Excuse me.
(　　)4.What can you do in England if there are some people in front of you waiting to buy drinks?
A．Jump the queue. B．Ask them for help. C．Wait for your turn.
(　　)5.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Mrs.Smith may be asked to sit down first when she is with her men friends.
B．You can sing loudly in a park in the evening.
C．None of them respects the old people in England.

Passage F
Every night in Jinan University in Guangahou, a group of students plays diabolo(空竹)as a crowd watches on in amazement.
Chen Zhelun，25，a malaysian-chinese started the diabolo club, which helps to increase the popularity of this traditional Chinese game. He is one of many students expressing their interest in the country’s cultural heritage(遗产)by starting clubs.
The diabolo, which came from China, is popular among Chinese living in Malaysia.“We played diabolo from primary school onward. I thought I could find someone to play with in China, but only a few students knew about it. So I started a club to develop it.” says Chen
To Chena surprise, the old game has interested a huge crowd-more than 1, 000 students have joined the club.
“It keeps your body strong and it’s fun, ＂says Chet prefer quieter activities. Every weekend, one classroom in Shenzhen University is alway scrowded, but it’s unusually silent. The members of Lanting Calligraphy Club are writing Chinese character swith traditional brushes
Fan Dongling, 21, a student in Shenzhen University, says it’s a shame that young people no longer enjoy the beauty of Chinese characters.
Although her club is quiet, Fan says it keeps members healthy, mentally and physically Stiva
Christmas or Valentines Day, but they seldom pay attention to traditional ones, “says Kong Yanquan 21, a student in Guangxi University.
As head of the traditional Chinese local operas club, Kong plans to put modern elements（元素）intotraditional culture to get students to join his club I think it’s everyone’s duty to save and develop china’s traditional culture among young people,＂he says.
( )1. The passage is organized by giving three .
A. examples B. tasks C. lessons D. speeches
( )2. The underlined word“Tt”in Paragraph6 refers to_________.
A. watching diabolo shows B. playing diabolo
C. talking about old games D. going to primary school
( )3. It can be learned from the passage that Fan Dongling
A. comes from Malaysia B. is good at local operas
C. loves quiet activities D. is interested in sports
( )4. Kong Yanquan advises young people to
A. practice writing Chinese characters B. celebrate Western festivals
C. pay attention to traditional culture D. make friends with the elders

Passage G
Zheng He, the Columbus of the East, was an amazing man.
He was born in 1371 and, 11 years later, was caught by the army of a rich young man called Zhu Di?and made to work for him. Over time the rich man saw that Zheng He was very clever and strong and they became close friends. In 1403 Zhu Di was made the King of China and he asked Zheng He to join his new?government.?
The King wanted to learn more about the world and show other countries his power. He ordered many new ships to be built and made Zheng He their leader. Between 1405 and 1433, Zheng He led seven sea trips?to different parts of the world. He certainly travelled to India, Africa and the Middle East. A few people think his ships may have even reached South America and Australia.
Each trip lasted between two and four years and it is believed he sailed more than 50 000 kms during the years of his travels. With 28 000 men and over 300 ships, such as boats for food, water and even soldiers' horses, Zheng He led a fleet whose size would not be equaled by Europeans for over 500 years.
On these trips he brought with him many Chinese goods like silk and medicine to give to foreign kings or?to sell for local goods. He returned from each trip with boats filled with expensive things such as gold and jewellery, foreign guests and strange animals like a giraffe.?
It is a pity that we may never learn everything about Zheng He's travels. After he died in 1433, the new?king, who believed these trips were unlucky and too expensive, had them stopped and he burned almost all?the books about Zheng He's travels. It is only in the last 50 years that historians have begun to carefully study?the adventures of the great Zheng He.
1. Why did the Chinese King want Zheng He to sail to many different countries?
A. To bring new countries under the control of China.?
B. To show the world how strong the King was.?
C. To receive gifts from the kings of other countries.?
D. To discover unusual animals.
2. What do we know about Zheng He from the passage?
A. He sailed to all seven continents.
B. Each of his trips lasted one year.?
C. He died at the age of 62.
D. He was a successful businessman.
3. Which of the following did Zheng He NOT bring with him from China?
A. Medicine.? B. Gold.? C. Animals.? D. Silk.
4. We can?infer from the passage that ________.
A. In fact, Zheng He is the first man who reached Australia.
B. Zheng He’s fleet was welcome by the countries he visited.
C. Columbus’s fleet was as big as Zheng He’s.
D. Other officials in the government disliked Zheng He so they stopped the travels after he died.
5. In what order did the following happen??
a. Zhu Di became the King.
b. Zheng He was caught by soldiers.
c. The books about Zheng He were all burned.
d. Foreigners were brought to China.?
e. Zheng He visited India.?
f. New ships were built.
A. e, b, a, f, d, c? B. b, a, e, d, c, f? C. f, a, b, d, c, e? D. b, a, f, e, d, c

Passage H（判断正误）
Have you ever thought about making a bicycle that you dream of? Some creative people have invented some special bicycles. Here are three of them.
　　Bambikes Bambikes are produced in a company in Philippines. They are made of an unusual kind of bamboo and other materials like metal and a local plant. They are very strong. And they are a perfect combination(结合) of the greenest building material and common bicycles. By making bambikes, the company offers jobs to the local people. Besides, it provides money for some students in its community to pay for their study. To continue the production, the company plants more bamboo than it cuts.
　　The heaviest bicycle A German cycling lover, Frank Dose, has recently made the world's heaviest bicycle with big old wheels and lots of other waste materials. He created it just because of a bet(打赌) he made with his friend. The bicycle weighed 1.08 tons. It broke the world record of its kind in weight. Frank said his bicycle was surprisingly easy to ride although it had a huge size and weighed a lot. He rode it in front of 5，000 people for over 100 meters to prove it.
　　Twisted(变形的) bicycles Two brothers in France created a bike that looks strange to ride and twists in the middle. Riders can make tight turns(急转弯). The brothers say the bicycle is hard to ride so it can stop people from stealing it. In fact, it isn't as hard to control as you may think. It takes a day or two to get used to the crazy way of riding. It's amazing. So far, there have been 30 of the bicycle, but they are not for sale yet.
根据上述内容，判断下列句子正误，正确的为“T”，错误的为“F”。
1. Frank built the world's heaviest bicycle with the materials that his friend bought for him.
2. Some students in the community can get money from the bambike company to pay for their study.
3. Bambikes are made of a special kind of bamboo and other materials.
4. The two brothers rode their bikes in front of some people to show how to use them.
5. 30 twisted bicycles were made and sold out.

Passage I（配对阅读）
左栏是五个人所面临的困扰，右栏是七条建议，请根据五个人的个人需求为他们选出最合适的建议。
(　　)1. I enjoy eating all kinds of food. However, I'm getting fatter and fatter. What should I do? (　　)2. I began to smoke when my friends gave me some five years ago. Recently, the doctor asked me to give it up. I won't be happy if I don't smoke now. (　　)3. My parents have both lost their jobs. Since we have spent much money on our grandma's health, it's quite hard for me to continue my study at school. (　　)4. My maths is very good while Kate is poor at it. So she often asks me for help and we often stay together. But some of my classmates think we've fallen in love, which makes me worried. (　　)5. I can only go home once a week since I came to this school last year. I miss my family and my friends. I can't focus on my studies and sometimes I can't get to sleep on time. A. Health is more important than anything else. You must do your best to drop cigarette. B. You should stop eating rich food and take more exercise.Eating more vegetables should be helpful. C. You can try counting numbers when you can't fall asleep. It's better to keep yourself in a completely dark room. D. Try writing a letter to your teacher to tell him about your difficulty. He may find a kind?hearted and rich person to help you. E. It can be useful to do more maths exercises and think more about why your answers are wrong. F. It's best not to think this way. You will live alone sooner or later. You should try your best to get used to being alone. G. Helping each other is a good habit. Don't care so much about what others think of you.





参考答案

Passage A
1B 2C 3D 4A 5A
Passage B
1～5 B B B C B　
Passage C
1C 2D 3D 4A 5D
Passage D
1 C 2. D 3. A 4. C
Passage E
1—5、CBCCA
Passage F
1—4、ABCC
Passage G
1—5、BCBBD
Passage H
1—5、F T T F F
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了三种特制的自行车。第一种车是由菲律宾一家公司使用竹子和其他一些材料结合而制成，但是它们非常坚固；第二种车是由德国一名骑车爱好者使用大型废旧车轮和其他废料制作而成，是世界上最重的自行车；第三种车是由法国的两兄弟制成，他们把车的中间部分弄弯，让一般人骑不了这种自行车，防止自行车被人偷盗。这些奇妙的自行车，展示了人们非凡的创造性思维和动手能力。
1. F　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：弗兰克用他朋友给他买的材料制造了世界上最重的自行车。从“The heaviest bicycle”一栏中的第一句“A German cycling lover, Frank Dose, has recently made the world's heaviest bicycle with big old wheels and lots of other waste materials.”可知，一位德国自行车爱好者弗兰克，最近用大的旧车轮和很多废料制造了世界上最重的自行车。故本题描述错误。
2. T　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：社区中的一些学生可以从竹子自行车公司拿到钱来支付他们的学习费用。从“Bambikes”一栏中的第六句“Besides, it provides money for some students in its community to pay for their study.”可知，此外，它还为社区里的一些学生支付学费。故本题描述正确。
3. T　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：竹子自行车是用一种特殊竹子和其他材料而成的。从“Bambikes”一栏中的第二句“They are made of an unusual kind of bamboo and other materials like metal and a local plant.”可知，它们是由一种不寻常的竹子和其他材料制成的，比如金属和当地的一种植物。故本题描述正确。
4. F　【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：两兄弟在一些人面前骑他们的自行车来展示怎样使用它们。从“Twisted(变形的) bicycles”一栏中的第三句“The brothers say the bicycle is hard to ride so it can stop people from stealing it.”可知，两兄弟说这辆自行车很难骑，所以可以防止人们偷它。所以他们演示的是这辆自行车很难骑，以便让其他人望而生畏。也可从“The heaviest bicycle”一栏中的最后两句“Frank said his bicycle was surprisingly easy to ride although it had a huge size and weighed a lot.He rode it in front of 5，000 people for over 100 meters to prove it.”可知，弗兰克说他的自行车特别容易骑，虽然它尺寸很大并且非常重，而且他在五千人面前骑了100米向人们证明了这点。因此，在别人面前骑车是弗兰克做的而不是两兄弟做的。故本题描述错误。
5. F　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：三十辆变形自行车被制造出来卖掉。从“Twisted(变形的) bicycles”一栏中的最后一句“So far, there have been 30 of the bicycle, but they are not for sale yet.”可知，到目前为止，已有三十辆这样的自行车，但是它们不用于销售。故本题描述错误。

Passage I
1～5 B A D G F