(共48张PPT)
We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player
(我们以10:1赢得了比赛,并且我被评为最有价值
的球员)
转
折
48 I often had crazy dreams in which I was tol
blame for miller's 49 accident
(我经常做疯狂的梦,在梦中我要为 Miller的车祸负
责任)
①首句信息:
Who: my mother, my brother, I
What: my brother died in a car crash
文山When: earlier that evening
脉∏「②直接信息:首句介绍了作者得知自己的兄弟因车祸
不幸去世的消息,下文由此展开,由此可以基本判定本
文应是记叙文
③预测信息:作者心里很难过,不知所措;后来得到别
人帮助,走出阴影;作者回报社会,去帮助别人。
Character: my mother, my brother, my husband, Donna, I
文意
Event: My brother died. I tried to hold my tears
Donna came to help us. The love in the act re
eased my tears. I do the same to offer help
平淡的叙述、真挚的情感、感人的语言是本文的一大写
作特点。文章采用了在叙事中抒情的写作手法。作者在
文|文中表达了失去亲人后的感受,朋友的帮助之情使作者
风|走出悲伤进而作者决定将这种感情传递下去,帮助他
人。行文中以“情”为线索叙事,行文模式为:情的缘起
→情的积蓄→由情至人→情的归结。
(共37张PPT)
①首句信息:在高科技社会,太多的人依靠科技来满足
他们所有的教育和个人成长的需要。
文山②在接你息:通过阅读首句可以基本判定本文应议
脉
③预测信息:通过首句及文章标题可以确定文章的论
点是坚持阅读的重要性。在此基础上寻找作者的论
据和论证方法
论点: Keep on reading
论据:① the benefits of the electronic age
文
Q2the benefits of reading
意|③ A lot of people never read another meaningful
book when they finish their formal education
论诳: The readers are more successful in every
area of life
文
风/作者先提出一个总论点,然后采用对照法,对所有事实、
方面进行对照,然后加以分析,得出结论
(共56张PPT)
题目类型
题目数量
题目类型
年份文体 句内层次题 句组层次题 语篇层次题
2019.6(记叙文) 11 7 2
2018.11(记叙文) 9 8 3
2018.6(夹叙夹议文) 10 8 2
题目数量
题目类型
年份文体 句内层次题 句组层次题 语篇层次题
2017.11(记叙文) 10 8 2
2017.6(记叙文) 11 7 2
2016.10(夹叙夹议文) 9 9 2
①首句信息
Who Josh and his team
What: warming up for their first football game
of the season
x When: On a beautiful September evening
脉日「②直按信息:首句介绍了j参加了赛季的第次是
球赛,由此可以基本判定本文应是一篇记叙文。
③预测信息:下文会叙述Josh和队友参加赛季第一次
足球赛的过程和结果。
Character: I. Josh. two teams
文
Event: The two teams gathered separately. It
didn t take long for their size advantage to
show. The game ended with a score of 48 to 6
They didn win, but Josh did his best.I was
proud of him
文「文章风格平实,没有华丽的辞藻。文章按照时间顺序
风
详细讲述了比赛进程,文末对Josh的表现作了评论。
完形填空文体分类练(一) 记叙文
A
(2019·杭州模拟)University was a new experience for me. I had grown up in the confines (范围) of a small seaside town in the south of England, and __1__ I was thrown together with __2__ of my age from all over the country. People were speaking in __3__ that I had only ever heard on TV, and sometimes using words that I had never __4__ before.
I had only been at the __5__ for about a week when I met Dave Pitman, from Liverpool in the north of England. We discovered that we both played tennis, and __6__ to meet up one afternoon for a __7__.
I went to the sports hall at the time we'd agreed, and went into the __8__ rooms. Dave was already there, and immediately I could see that he wasn't very __9__. He was searching __10__ for something inside his bag. He __11__ me as I walked in. “I've forgotten my __12__，” he said. “You haven't got any, have you？”
Unfortunately, I had no idea __13__ he was talking about. In a panic I thought: Tennis balls? Shorts? Trainers? What? But I said: “Sorry？” Dave __14__， “Have you got any spare kecks with you？”
Of course, I could easily have asked him what the __15__ meant, but I was too __16__ and didn't want to offend (冒犯) him. Finally, Dave saw the __17__ on my face, and said, “You know — kecks. Shorts.”
Then I __18__ and luckily, I did have some spare shorts in my bag. I lent them to him, we played, and he won. Then we went to get a __19__. The woman at the canteen asked me what I wanted. “I'd like a Black Vanilla, please，” I said. (Where I come from, that's cola and ice cream.) “What on earth is that？” said the woman. I knew __20__ how she felt.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。进入大学后，“我”接触到了来自全国各地的人；在刚与这些人交流的时候，由于语言表达的差异，“我”感到非常不适应；渐渐地，“我”认识到了这种差异，并努力去适应它。
1．A.immediately B．suddenly
C．easily D．probably
解析：选B 根据语境可知，“我”一直的生活范围是个海边小镇，当进入大学后，“我”突然发现自己被扔进一群来自全国各地的同龄人中。故选B。
2．A.children B．colleagues
C．people D．players
解析：选C 根据空后的“of my age”可知，这里表示与“我”同龄的人。故选C。
3．A.accents B．relief
C．surprise D．summaries
解析：选A 根据空后的“I had only ever heard on TV”可推知，这里指人们说话的口音，故选A。
4．A.spoken B．learned
C．used D．heard
解析：选D 根据空前的“using words”和语境可知，人们有时使用“我”之前并没有听过的单词。故选D。
5．A.university B．field
C．company D．library
解析：选A 根据第一段中的“University was a new experience for me.”可知，“我”到大学大约一周后遇到了Dave Pitman。故选A。
6．A.were made B．arranged
C．were asked D．attempted
解析：选B 根据空前的“we both played tennis”和下文中的“we'd agreed”可知，我们两个都打网球，于是我们就安排(arranged)了一个下午会面，来进行一场比赛(game)。故选B。
7．A.dinner B．party
C．game D．bet
解析：选C 参见上题解析。
8．A.dining B．resting
C．waiting D．changing
解析：选D 根据下文Dave找短裤可知，“我”在约定的时间到达体育馆，走进了更衣室。changing room意为“更衣室”。故选D。
9．A.cheerful B．positive
C．nervous D．shy
解析：选A 根据语境可知，Dave忘记了自己的物品，因此“我”立刻就发现他不是很高兴。故选A。
10．A.unfortunately B．deliberately
C．desperately D．quickly
解析：选C 根据语境可知，Dave在急切地寻找自己的物品。C项意为“急切地”，符合语境，故选C。B项意为“故意地”。
11．A.looked forward to B．looked up at
C．looked around for D．looked up to
解析：选B 根据空前一句“He was searching ________ for something inside his bag.”可知，当“我”走进更衣室的时候，Dave正在找东西；“我”进来的时候，他抬头看了看“我”。B项意为“抬头看”，符合语境，故选B。A项意为“盼望”；C项意为“到处寻找”；D项意为“钦佩，尊敬”。
12．A.kecks B．shorts
C．trainers D．trousers
解析：选A 根据下一段中的“Have you got any spare kecks with you？”可知，这里指的是“kecks”，故选A。
13．A.who B．what
C．which D．whom
解析：选B 根据语境可知，“我”不知道Dave说的是什么。故选B。
14．A.noted B．added
C．predicted D．repeated
解析：选D 根据语境及空前的“Sorry？”可知，“我”没有听懂他的话，于是他又重复了一遍。故选D。
15．A.sentence B．phrase
C．idiom D．word
解析：选D 根据语境可知，“我”当时不知道“kecks”这个词的意思。故选D。
16．A.awkward B．skeptical
C．surprised D．sorry
解析：选A 根据语境可知，“我”听不懂Dave所说的话，感到很不舒服。A项意为“不舒适的，紧张的”，符合语境。B项意为“怀疑的”。
17．A.guilt B．look
C．anxiety D．scare
解析：选B 根据空后的“on my face”可知，Dave觉察到了“我”的神情，于是告诉“我”这个词的意思。故选B。
18．A.remembered B．translated
C．understood D．hesitated
解析：选C 根据空后的“I did have some spare shorts in my bag”可知，“我”弄懂了“kecks”这个词的意思。故选C。
19．A.lesson B．drink
C．match D．ride
解析：选B 根据下文中的“cola and ice cream”可知，我们在打完网球之后，去买饮料喝。故选B。
20．A.exactly B．hardly
C．primarily D．ambiguously
解析：选A 根据上文中的“What on earth is that？”可知，那位女士非常迷茫，不知道“我”说的是什么饮料；结合上文内容可知，“我”刚好有过类似的经历，能确切地(exactly)知道她的感受。C项意为“主要地”；D项意为“含混不清地”。
B
One day a man was asked to paint a boat by the owner of the boat. He brought with him paint and __1__ and began to paint the boat bright red, as the owner asked him. While painting, he __2__ there was a hole in the boat and decided to __3__ it. When he finished painting, he received his __4__ and left.
The next day, the owner of the boat came to the painter and __5__ him with a nice check, much __6__ than the payment for painting, the painter was __7__. “You've already paid me for painting the boat！” he said.
“But this is not for the paint __8__. It's for having repaired the hole in the boat.”
“But it was such a(n) __9__ service. Certainly it's not worth __10__ me such a high amount for something so unimportant！”
“My dear friend, you do not __11__. Now let me tell you what __12__. When I asked you to paint the boat, I __13__ to mention about the hole. When the boat dried, my kids took the boat and __14__ a fishing trip. They did not know that there was a __15__ in the boat. I was not at home at that time. When I returned and noticed they had taken the boat, I was __16__ because I remembered that the boat had a hole. Imagine my __17__ and joy when I saw them returning from fishing.”
“Then, I __18__ the boat and found that you had repaired the hole! You see, now, what you did? You __19__ my children! I do not have enough money to pay your ‘small’ good deed.”
So, no matter who, when or how, just __20__ repair all the “leaks” you find.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位油漆工在油漆船时顺便将船上的一个洞补了起来，为此收到了船主的一大笔酬金，因为他的小小的善举挽救了船主孩子们的生命。在生活中，如果你遇到这种“小洞”，也请将它们仔细地修补好吧。
1．A.chains B．brushes
C．beliefs D．pens
解析：选B 他带了油漆和刷子，开始按照船主的要求把船漆成鲜红色。空处与“paint”对应，应表示油漆船时用的工具，B项“刷子”符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“链子”，C项意为“信念”，D项意为“钢笔”，都与语境不符。
2．A.consulted B．reminded
C．found D．confirmed
解析：选C 根据该句中的“there was a hole in the boat”可知，当他在油漆时，发现船上有一个洞。A项意为“咨询”；B项意为“提醒”；D项意为“确认”。
3．A.repair B．wipe
C．hide D．measure
解析：选A 根据该句中的“there was a hole in the boat”以及下文的内容可推知，他发现船上有一个洞并决定修补这个洞。A项意为“修补”，故A项正确。B项意为“擦”，C项意为“躲藏”，D项意为“测量”，都与语境不符。
4．A.benefit B．baggage
C．key D．money
解析：选D 根据该句中的“When he finished painting”并结合常识可知，当他结束了油漆工作之后，收到了钱(money)便离开了。A项意为“好处”，B项意为“行李”，C项意为“钥匙”，都与语境不符。
5．A.admired B．treated
C．presented D．comforted
解析：选C 根据上文可知，在油漆时，他发现船上有一个洞，便将洞修补好了；结合该句中的“with a nice check”以及下文的内容可推知，为了感谢这位油漆工，船主过来给他赠送了一张支票。C项意为“赠送”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“欣赏”；B项意为“对待”；D项意为“安慰”。
6．A.higher B．less
C．quicker D．wealthier
解析：选A 根据该句中的“with a nice check, much ________ than the payment for painting”可知，船主送来的支票远高于(higher)他刷油漆应得的报酬，故A项正确。
7．A.amused B．excited
C．moved D．surprised
解析：选D 根据上文可知，船主过来给他赠送了一张支票，远高于他油漆应得的报酬，结合语境可推知，这让油漆工感到很惊讶。D项意为“惊讶的”，故D项正确。A项意为“逗乐的”，B项意为“兴奋的”，C项意为“感动的”，都与语境不符。
8．A.award B．kindness
C．job D．skill
解析：选C 根据下文“It's for having repaired the hole in the boat.”，并结合该句中的“But this is not for the paint”可知，这张支票不是针对油漆工作的。C项意为“工作”，故C项正确。A项意为“奖金”；B项意为“善良”；D项意为“技能”。
9．A.cheap B．small
C．valuable D．additional
解析：选B 根据下文中的“something so unimportant”可知，油漆工认为这不是重要的事情。B项熟词生义，意为“不重要的”，故B项正确。A项意为“便宜的”，C项意为“有价值的”，D项意为“额外的”，都与语境不符。
10．A.lending B．selling
C．borrowing D．paying
解析：选D 根据上文可知，这位油漆工收到了船主的一张支票；结合该句可知，他认为给他支付这么多钱是不值当的。D项意为“支付”，故D项正确。A项意为“借出”，B项意为“销售”，C项意为“借入”，都与语境不符。
11．A.scream B．bow
C．forgive D．understand
解析：选D 根据下文可知，船主向他解释送支票给他的原因，故船主认为他不理解自己此举的原因。D项意为“理解”，故D项正确。A项意为“尖叫”，B项意为“鞠躬”，C项意为“原谅”，都与语境不符。
12．A.happened B．existed
C．crashed D．circulated
解析：选A 船主说，“让我告诉你发生了什么吧。”A项意为“发生”，故A项正确。B项意为“存在”，C项意为“碰撞”，D项意为“循环”，都与语境不符。
13．A.decided B．hated
C．forgot D．remembered
解析：选C 根据上文可知，油漆工油漆船时，他无意间发现了船上的洞；结合该句可知，船主让他漆船时，忘记提醒他这个洞了。C项意为“忘记”，故C项正确。A项意为“决定”，B项意为“讨厌”，D项意为“记得”，都与语境不符。
14．A.went through B．went on
C．dreamed about D．turned to
解析：选B 根据该句中的“took the boat and ________ a fishing trip”并结合常识可知，空处与“took the boat”为顺承关系，表示船上的油漆干了之后，孩子们乘船进行了捕鱼之旅。B项意为“去做(某事)”，故B项正确。
15．A.hole B．sign
C．rule D．danger
解析：选A 根据文章多次提到“hole”并结合该段第三句中的“the hole”可知，他们并不知道船上有一个洞(hole)。
16．A.angry B．desperate
C．embarrassed D．clumsy
解析：选B 根据上文内容以及该句中的“because I remembered that the boat had a hole”可知，当孩子们出发捕鱼后，船主才想起船上有一个洞。据此可推知，此处表示船主原以为他的孩子因船上有个洞会发生事故，感到非常绝望。B项意为“绝望的”，故B项正确。A项意为“愤怒的”；C项意为“尴尬的”；D项意为“笨拙的”。
17．A.sorrow B．situation
C．patience D．relief
解析：选D 根据该句中的“and joy when I saw them returning from fishing”，并结合常识可知，当船主看到孩子们回来时，他非常宽慰、高兴。D项意为“宽慰”，故D项正确。A项意为“悲伤”；B项意为“情况”；C项意为“耐心”。
18．A.pulled B．spotted
C．examined D．destroyed
解析：选C 随后船主检查了船，发现油漆工已经将洞修补好了。C项意为“检查”，故C项正确。
19．A.saved B．taught
C．instructed D．treasured
解析：选A 根据上文可知，油漆工将船上的洞修补好，避免了船主的孩子们出海捕鱼时发生意外；结合该句“You ________ my children！”可知，油漆工的行为救了孩子们的命。A项意为“挽救”，故A项正确。B项意为“教导”，C项意为“指示”，D项意为“珍爱”，都与语境不符。
20．A.possibly B．carefully
C．actually D．finally
解析：选B 根据上文可知，油漆工在油漆船时发现了船上的洞，并将洞修补好，挽救了孩子们的生命。因此此处指无论是谁，无论何时，无论如何，只要看到“漏洞”，就应该仔细地(carefully)将它们修补好。
完形填空文体分类练(二) 记叙文
A
Fifty?five years ago, I got into my father's car to take my driver's license exam. My father and I got to the test site on time. The streets seemed quite __1__ to me, and the test would take me down a main street. Although __2__， I was determined to do my best. Parallel parking was my __3__， so I hoped that my __4__ would not hit the curb (路缘)．
When I was __5__ for the test, my father, __6__ being the best teacher, was not pleased with my parallel parking. His fearful __7__ could be heard along the streets of my hometown, or in the large empty parking lot.
I felt __8__ when he said, “Step on the gas! Check your mirror! __9__ on the brake！” I was convinced that no one could do all those things at the same time. I drove __10__ during my test, probably a little too slow. I kept my hands __11__ on the steering wheel (方向盘), __12__ my mirrors, stopped at stop signs and __13__ for turns. I was satisfied with my __14__ up to that point, but then it was time to parallel park.
__15__， the parking area had no curb. I __16__ next to a car and began to back inward. Somehow, I __17__ it on my first try, lining up right behind the car in front. Minutes later, the __18__ announced I had passed. I knew that my life had changed. I finally had __19__ the freedom of movement and felt a sense of __20__ after the test.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者驾照考试时的紧张心情、考试过程和考试通过之后的喜悦。
1．A.even B．narrow
C．abnormal D．transparent
解析：选B 根据上下文可知，作为一个要参加驾照考试的人，作者心情很紧张，因而街道似乎很狭窄(narrow)。even“平坦的”；abnormal“不正常的，反常的”；transparent“透明的，显然的”。
2．A.strange B．confident
C．nervous D．secure
解析：选C 虽然紧张(nervous)，但作者下决心要尽他最大的努力。strange“奇怪的，不寻常的”；confident“自信的，确信的”；secure“有把握的”。
3．A.strength B．task
C．goal D．drawback
解析：选D 根据下文可知，平行停车是作者的欠缺点(drawback)。strength“长处，优势”；task“工作，任务”；goal“目标”。
4．A.seat B．telephone
C．tires D．tracks
解析：选C 作者希望轮胎(tires)不要碰到路缘。seat“座位”；telephone“电话”；track“足迹，车辙”。
5．A.arranging B．registering
C．praying D．practicing
解析：选D 根据上文“I got into my father's car to take my driver's license exam”(我上了父亲的车去参加驾照考试)并结合下文父亲对他发出的指令可知，此时作者在练习(practicing)，为考试作准备。arrange“安排，筹划”；register“记录，登记”；pray“祈祷”。
6．A.well above B．far from
C．more than D．because of
解析：选B 根据下文父亲的表现和“fearful”可知作者的父亲远非(far from)最好的老师。well above“远远超出”；more than“超过”；because of“因为，由于”。
7．A.cries B．answers
C．sighs D．quarrels
解析：选A 在家乡的街道上，或者在大而空旷的停车场上，都能听到他可怕的喊叫声(cries)。answer“回答，答复”；sigh“叹气，叹息”；quarrel“争吵，吵架”。
8．A.pleased B．uninterested
C．embarrassed D．concerned
解析：选C 当父亲向他发出那些指令时作者感到很窘迫(embarrassed)。pleased“快乐的，高兴的，满意的”；uninterested“冷淡的”；concerned“担心的，担忧的”。
9．A.Depend B．Bend
C．Swing D．Step
解析：选D 当父亲说：“踩油门！检查一下你的后视镜！踩刹车！”depend“依靠，决定于”；bend“弯腰，弯曲”；swing“摇摆，转弯”；step“踩，踏”。
10．A.cautiously B．uncertainly
C．desperately D．curiously
解析：选A 在考试时，“我”小心翼翼地(cautiously)驾驶，可能有点慢。uncertainly“犹豫地”；desperately“绝望地，拼命地”；curiously“好奇地”。
11．A.busy B．steady
C．clumsy D．numb
解析：选B “我”双手稳稳地放在方向盘上。busy“繁忙的”；steady“平稳的”；clumsy“笨拙的，不灵活的”；numb“麻木的”。
12．A.polished B．prepared
C．watched D．checked
解析：选D 检查后视镜，在停车标志前停车，并在转弯时发出信号(打转向灯)。上文中父亲说的话“Check your mirror！”是提示。polish“擦亮”；prepare“准备”；watch“注视”；check“检查”。
13．A.signaled B．looked
C．sped D．fastened
解析：选A 参见上题解析。signal“发信号”；look“寻找”；speed“使加速”；fasten“扣牢，系牢”。
14．A.allowance B．independence
C．performance D．preference
解析：选C 直到那时“我”对自己的表现(performance)都很满意，但是接下来要平行停车了。allowance“津贴，补助”；independence“独立”；preference“偏爱，优先权”。
15．A.Accordingly B．Consequently
C．Obviously D．Fortunately
解析：选D 上文中提到作者希望他的车不要碰到路缘。既然考场没有路缘，那对作者来说，肯定是幸运的。accordingly“相应地”；consequently“因此，结果，所以”；obviously“明显地，显然”；fortunately“幸运地”。
16．A.pulled up B．wandered around
C．picked out D．fell off
解析：选A 作者把车停在一辆车旁边，开始往里倒。pull up“(使车)停下”；wander around“逛”；pick out“精心挑选”；fall off“脱落，下降”。
17．A.managed B．grasped
C．dropped D．kicked
解析：选A 作者第一次尝试就做到了，正好把车停在前面那辆车的后面。manage“达成，完成”；grasp“抓牢，握紧”；drop“掉下，落下”；kick“踢”。
18．A.driver B．tester
C．agent D．guide
解析：选B 几分钟后，测试人员宣布作者通过了测试。driver“司机，驾驶员”；tester“测试员”；agent“代理人，经纪人”；guide“向导，导游”。
19．A.missed B．earned
C．compensated D．deserved
解析：选B 作者知道他的生活已经改变了。作者获得了活动的自由，在考试后一种成熟(maturity)感油然而生。miss“错过”；earn“获得”；compensate“弥补，补偿”；deserve“应得，应受到”。
20．A.responsibility B．loss
C．maturity D．direction
解析：选C 参见上题解析。responsibility“责任”；loss“丧失，亏损”；direction“方向”。
B
(2019·泰安调研)It was New Year time. We were travelling in a van (小型货车) __1__ toys to the homeless. When we __2__ the spot, something caught my eye. Something or someone was moving in the rubbish. Soon I __3__ that it was the home of a poor family. There were two __4__， both about my age at the time, and a lady I supposed to be their mother. They sat there __5__.
As a little girl myself I was __6__ interested in the little girl. How __7__ our lives were. She lived for the day, __8__ through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach. I on the other hand was well looked after and never had to worry about __9__. I had a good education and thus a __10__ future. I looked at the little girl. The only __11__ she had was the worn?out dress that she was wearing.
Seeing this little girl I made the decision to __12__ a doll that had belonged to me for a while. When the van came to a __13__， I stepped out, called the girl over and __14__ the doll in her hand. At first she looked at me with __15__ and wasn't certain what to do, but then she smiled and I saw __16__ in her eyes. I went back into the vehicle and we started to __17__ off, and that's when we realized the little girl was running __18__. We stopped again and opened the door. The girl had __19__ with us. She looked directly at me and said two __20__ words “Thank You”．
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。我们在新年期间，开车去为无家可归的人分发玩具。“我”远远地发现了一个小女孩，她正在垃圾中寻找食物，于是“我”走过去，将刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给了她。在离开时，那个女孩追上我们，对“我”说了句“谢谢”。
1．A.showing B．recommending
C．distributing D．selling
解析：选C 根据下文“我”送给小女孩玩具娃娃可知，我们在新年期间给无家可归的人分发玩具。故选C。A项意为“展示”；B项意为“推荐”；C项意为“分发”；D项意为“出售”。
2．A.left B．changed
C．chose D．approached
解析：选D 根据下文第三段中的“When the van came to a ________， I stepped out”可推知，当我们接近目的地的时候，有东西引起“我”的注意。故选D。
3．A.guaranteed B．realized
C．decided D．accepted
解析：选B 根据空后的“it was the home of a poor family”并结合语境可知，“我”很快意识到那是一户贫困人家的家。故选B。A项意为“保证”；B项意为“意识到”；C项意为“决定”；D项意为“接受”。
4．A.boys B．children
C．drivers D．adults
解析：选B 根据下文中的“As a little girl myself”可知，当时那里有两个和“我”的年龄差不多的孩子，还有一位女士，可能是他们的母亲。故选B。
5．A.happily B．angrily
C．hopefully D．helplessly
解析：选D 根据下文中的“________ through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach”和“the worn?out dress”可推知，他们无助地坐在垃圾旁边。故选D。
6．A.still B．less
C．especially D．probably
解析：选C 根据语境可知，作为一个小女孩，“我”尤其对那个小女孩感兴趣。故选C。
7．A.similar B．different
C．difficult D．ordinary
解析：选B 根据下文中的“She lived for the day ... to fill her stomach”和“I on the other hand was well looked after ....”可知，我们的生活差别很大。故选B。
8．A.searching B．getting
C．running D．breaking
解析：选A 根据上文中的“Something or someone was moving in the rubbish.”可推知，当时那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找东西以填饱自己的肚子。故选A。
9．A.food B．safety
C．health D．transport
解析：选A 根据上文可知，那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找食物，而“我”却得到了很好的照顾，从来不用担心食物。故选A。
10．A.doubtful B．distant
C．promising D．foreseeable
解析：选C 根据空前的“I had a good education”可知，“我”接受了良好的教育，因此有一个有前途的未来。故选C。A项意为“怀疑的”；B项意为“遥远的”；C项意为“有前途的”；D项意为“可预知的”。
11．A.present B．decoration
C．requirement D．possession
解析：选D 根据上文的内容并结合语境可推知，那位小女孩仅有的财产就是她身上穿的那件破旧的裙子。故选D。A项意为“礼物”；B项意为“装饰”；C项意为“要求”；D项意为“财产”。
12．A.give away B．give back
C．hand out D．hand in
解析：选A 根据下文中的“I stepped out ... the doll in her hand”可推知，看到这个小女孩，“我”决定把刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给她。故选A。A项意为“赠送”；B项意为“归还”；C项意为“分发”；D项意为“提交”。
13．A.station B．stop
C．street D．signal
解析：选B 根据上文可知，“我”决定把刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给那个小女孩，所以当车一停下来，“我”立刻下车，叫那个小女孩过来，然后将玩具娃娃放(placed)在她的手里。故选B。
14．A.tore B．placed
C．dropped D．threw
解析：选B 参见上题解析 。
15．A.anger B．pain
C．surprise D．disappointment
解析：选C 根据空后的“and wasn't certain what to do”和语境可推知，那个小女孩刚开始惊讶地看着“我”。故选C。
16．A.hope B．loneliness
C．anxiety D．astonishment
解析：选A 根据上文可知，那个小女孩一家绝望地坐在垃圾旁边，并结合本句语境可推知，“我”将玩具娃娃放在她手里，她对“我”微笑，“我”从小女孩的眼中看到了希望。故选A。A项意为“希望”；B项意为“孤独”；C项意为“焦虑”；D项意为“震惊”。
17．A.walk B．get
C．lift D．drive
解析：选D 根据下文中的“We stopped again”可知，“我”回到车上，我们开车离开，那时我们才意识到，那个小女孩正在后面追赶我们。故选D。
18．A.behind B．away
C．out D．in
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
19．A.got along B．came along
C．caught up D．turned up
解析：选C 根据上文的“We stopped again and opened the door”可知，小女孩追上了我们。故选C。get along with“与……相处”；come along with“和……在一起”；catch up with“追上，赶上”。
20．A.final B．new
C．key D．simple
解析：选D 根据语境可知，小女孩直视着“我”，说了两个简单的词——Thank You。故选D。
完形填空文体分类练(三) 夹叙夹议文
A
I enjoy feeding birds in my garden. About three years ago, a baby chipmunk (花栗鼠) which I named Chip came to this festive display. Over that summer, I watched it __1__. The next summer, the chipmunk was back, and I wondered whether it would __2__ me to feed it by hand or let me pet it. Before Chip would approach, I'd __3__ its favorite food, bend down and keep very __4__. I'd leave my open hand __5__， unmoving, so the animal would know I wouldn't __6__ it. I continued doing this for a few weeks.
__7__， late in that second summer, Chip did show more trust. One day as I __8__ a seed with my fingertips, it approached and __9__ took the seed into its mouth. It never bit my fingers.
I was happy that Chip and I had made a(n) __10__ of trust.
After about two months of this __11__， I went further. With my index finger, I __12__ its back once gently. I'm not even sure Chip felt it, but it didn't __13__. I then moved my two fingers slowly and gently over it. __14__， Chip stayed calm, eating seeds, before running quickly back into the bush.
Today, the chipmunk comes out of hiding when I call its name, and lets me __15__ its soft, silky body.
A friend once mentioned that after she __16__ a dog, she noticed that her high blood pressure had approached __17__ without medication, and she became calmer and could handle stress better. I think I, too, feel __18__ from my interactions with Chip.
I've also developed a greater __19__ for nature and its creatures and the opportunity to observe, protect and save wildlife. Most of all, I am amazed by the __20__ of a tiny chipmunk to meet me halfway in trust.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”家院子里有一只小花栗鼠，整个夏天“我”都观察它慢慢成长，“我”给它喂食，慢慢地取得了它的信任，如今只要一叫它的名字，它就跑出来让“我”抚摸。“我”更加尊重大自然和它的生物，并发展机会观察、保护和拯救野生动物。
1．A.eat B．grow
C．play D．jump
解析：选B 根据上文的“a baby chipmunk”可知，作者描写的是一只幼年花栗鼠；结合该句中的“Over that summer, I watched it”可推知，整个夏天，作者都在观察它成长。B项意为“长大，成长”，故B项正确。
2．A.praise B．beg
C．inspire D．trust
解析：选D 根据该句的内容并结合第二段第一句中的“trust”可推知，第二年夏天，花栗鼠回来了，作者不知道它是否会信任自己，让作者亲手喂它、抚摸它。D项意为“信任”，故D项正确。A项意为“赞扬”；B项意为“乞求”；C项意为“鼓舞”。
3．A.put off B．put up
C．put down D．hang up
解析：选C 根据该句语境，并结合常识可知，在这只花栗鼠靠近作者之前，作者先放下它喜欢的食物。C项意为“放下”，故C项正确。A项意为“取消”；B项意为“提出”；D项意为“挂断电话”。
4．A.anxious B．excited
C．still D．curious
解析：选C 根据该句的内容，并结合下文中的“unmoving”可推知，在这只花栗鼠靠近作者之前，作者先放下它喜欢的食物，然后弯下腰，保持静止不动的状态，以防吓走花栗鼠。C项意为“静止的”，故C项正确。A项意为“焦虑的”；B项意为“兴奋的”；D项意为“好奇的”。
5．A.in public B．in place
C．in return D．in turn
解析：选B 根据语境以及该句中的“unmoving”可知，作者将张开的双手保持在适当的位置上，一动不动，这样这只花栗鼠就知道作者不会去抓(grab)它。B项意为“在正确位置”，故B项正确。A项意为“公开地”；C项意为“作为回报”；D项意为“依次”。
6．A.grab B．remove
C．bite D．throw
解析：选A 参见上题解析。A项意为“抓住”，故A项正确。B项意为“移开”；C项意为“咬”；D项意为“扔”。
7．A.Initially B．Unusually
C．Obviously D．Finally
解析：选D 根据上文“I continued doing this for a few weeks”，并结合该句“late in that second summer, Chip did show more trust”可知，最后，这只花栗鼠更加信任作者了。D项意为“最后，终于”，故D项正确。A项意为“最初”；B项意为“不平常地”；C项意为“显然”。
8．A.found B．planted
C．offered D．produced
解析：选C 一天，作者用指尖提供给它一粒种子时，它向作者靠近了。C项意为“提供”，故C项正确。A项意为“发现”；B项意为“种植”；D项意为“生产”。
9．A.cautiously B．aggressively
C．comfortably D．confidently
解析：选A 根据语境以及下文“It never bit my fingers.”可知，花栗鼠谨慎地把种子放进嘴里。A项意为“谨慎地”，故A项正确。B项意为“挑衅地”；C项意为“舒服地”；D项意为“自信地”。
10．A.promise B．breakthrough
C．introduction D．experience
解析：选B 根据上文可知，花栗鼠开始从作者的手中取食，而且没有咬作者；结合该句可推知，作者和花栗鼠之间的信任取得了突破。 B项意为“突破”，故B项正确。A项意为“承诺”；C项意为“介绍”；D项意为“经历，体验”。
11．A.education B．discovery
C．routine D．resolution
解析：选C 根据上文可知，花栗鼠开始从作者的手中取食，作者和花栗鼠之间的信任取得了突破；结合该句可推知，这种日常的行为进行了两个月之后，作者能更进一步(接近它)了。C项意为“常规”，符合语境。A项意为“教育”；B项意为“发现”；D项意为“决议”。
12．A.knocked B．brushed
C．rocked D．touched
解析：选D 根据该句语境可知，作者用食指轻轻地触摸它的后背。D项意为“触摸”，故D项正确。A项意为“敲，击”；B项意为“刷”；C项意为“摇摆”。
13．A.run away B．rush out
C．give away D．turn up
解析：选A 根据上文可知，花栗鼠开始信任作者了；结合该句语境可推知，作者用食指触摸它时，它没有跑开。A项意为“逃跑”，故A项正确。B项意为“赶制”；C项意为“泄露”；D项意为“偶然出现”。
14．A.However B．Again
C．So D．Therefore
解析：选B 根据上文可知，作者触摸花栗鼠的后背时，它并没有逃跑，接着作者用两个手指慢慢地轻抚它；结合该句中的“Chip stayed calm, eating seeds”可知，花栗鼠再次保持镇静。B项意为“再一次”，故B项正确。
15．A.admire B．support
C．pet D．lift
解析：选C 根据上文可知，作者和花栗鼠之间建立了信任；结合该句可知，如今，作者一叫它的名字，这只花栗鼠就从躲藏的地方跑出来，让作者抚摸它柔软丝滑的身体。上文第2空后的“let me pet it” 也是提示。C项意为“抚摸”，故C项正确。A项意为“赞赏”；B项意为“支持”；D项意为“举起”。
16．A.walked B．adopted
C．abandoned D．lost
解析：选B 根据语境可知，一位朋友曾经说过，在她收养了一只狗之后，她的血压趋于正常(normal)了。B项意为“收养”，故B项正确。
17．A.safety B．original
C．logic D．normal
解析：选D 参见上题解析。D项意为“正常”，故D项正确。A项意为“安全”；B项意为“原件”；C项意为“逻辑”。
18．A.calmer B．faster
C．quieter D．easier
解析：选A 根据上文中的“calmer”，并结合该句语境及“too”可推知，在同这只花栗鼠的交流过程中，作者也感到更加平静了。
19．A.sympathy B．motivation
C．mercy D．respect
解析：选D 作者也更加尊重自然和它的生物，并发展机会观察、保护和拯救野生动物。D项意为“尊重”，故D项正确。A项意为“同情”；B项意为“动机”；C项意为“怜悯”。
20．A.capacity B．contribution
C．memory D．comfort
解析：选A 根据上文可知，作者通过给花栗鼠喂食取得了它的信任；结合该句可知，最重要的是，作者惊讶于花栗鼠对自己信任的能力。A项意为“能力”，故A项正确。B项意为“贡献”；C项意为“记忆”；D项意为“慰藉”。
B
(2019·绍兴模拟)My seven?year?old daughter always has her nose in a book. She even continued __1__ in the car on the long drive to summer camp, where she lost the book. This is the first lost __2__ book in my life. In my childhood, my parents had always expected me to be __3__， but we were poor, and I didn't __4__ books. I had to borrow books. My library books lived on a __5__ shelf while they were mine, and it __6__ me when I had to return them to the library on the due day.
However, my daughter has __7__ books now than I owned during my whole childhood. So it's probably my __8__ that she didn't cherish the books. “Sorry, I can't find it，” my daughter said with a shrug, “We just pay $20 for the book. What's the big __9__？” The missing library book just met with a cold __10__ from her, but it met with nail?biting __11__ from me. I walked into the library in a deep __12__ as if I had lost the book.
Feeling the need to make her feel __13__ for the book, I asked her to do the household chores. She agreed to clean up all the pets' houses __14__ my paying the library book. I'd meant the chores to be __15__！
Surprisingly, she was enjoying herself. I took a picture of her lovely back. So, did I win or lose at __16__？ Did I teach her the __17__ of keeping a library book if the picture I took shows she is working __18__？
To my __19__， my little girl knew what __20__ in her life. She could devote herself to the chores as much as to the books.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述的是“我”教育女儿的经历：“我”在童年时期因为家庭经济状况不好没有钱买书，所以对从图书馆借来的书很珍惜；“我”的女儿现在拥有很多书，但却对弄丢从图书馆借的书毫不在乎，这让“我”意识到有必要让她接受惩罚……
1．A.driving B．thinking
C．reading D．viewing
解析：选C 根据文章第一句“My seven?year?old daughter always has her nose in a book.”可推知，“我”的女儿甚至在去夏令营的途中在车里继续看(reading)书。
2．A.school B．reference
C．story D．library
解析：选D 根据下文第二段中的“The missing library book”可知，此处是指“我”的女儿把从图书馆借的书弄丢了。故选D。
3．A.powerful B．practical
C．academic D．employed
解析：选C 根据本句中的“but we were poor”和下文的“I had to borrow books.”可推知，在“我”的童年时期，父母一直希望“我”能够学业成绩优秀。academic“学业(成绩)优秀的”符合语境，故选C。
4．A.write B．own
C．order D．love
解析：选B 根据上文“we were poor”可知，在童年时期，我们家很穷，所以“我”没有书。故选B。
5．A.wasted B．dusty
C．present D．specific
解析：选D 根据语境可知，因为买不起书，只能从图书馆借，所以“我”对从图书馆借来的书很珍惜，把这些借的书放在特定的(specific)架子上。
6．A.pained B．companied
C．abandoned D．lost
解析：选A 根据语境可知，当“我”不得不将借的书在到期日归还给图书馆的时候，“我”感到很苦恼。故选A。
7．A.fewer B．better
C．cheaper D．more
解析：选D 根据语境可知，“我”的女儿现在拥有的书比“我”整个童年时期拥有的都要多，故选D。
8．A.work B．reason
C．fault D．duty
解析：选C 根据语境可推知，女儿拥有的书太多而不知道珍惜，这可能是“我”的过错(fault)。
9．A.worry B．question
C．case D．deal
解析：选D 根据“my daughter said with a shrug, ‘We just pay $20 for the book. What's the big ________？’”可知，“我”的女儿认为弄丢了一本从图书馆借来的书没有什么大不了。big deal“没什么大不了”是固定搭配，故选D。
10．A.shoulder B．power
C．refusal D．excuse
解析：选A 根据上文内容可知，那本从图书馆借的丢失的书遭到了女儿的冷遇(女儿根本就没把这件事放在心上)。meet with a cold shoulder“遭受冷遇”符合语境。
11．A.impression B．effort
C．effect D．concern
解析：选D 根据本句中的“but”可推知，与女儿的不在意相比，那本从图书馆借的书的丢失却令“我”焦虑不安。concern“忧虑，担心”符合语境。
12．A.respect B．thought
C．shame D．shock
解析：选C 因为女儿把从图书馆借的书弄丢了，所以当“我”走进图书馆时，内心深感惭愧(shame)，好像这本书是“我”自己弄丢的。
13．A.eager B．responsible
C．good D．suitable
解析：选B 根据语境可知，经过女儿弄丢从图书馆借来的书却对此不在乎这件事，“我”感到有必要让她意识到自己对弄丢这本书负有责任，所以“我”要求她做家务杂活。
14．A.in need of B．in trade for
C．in terms of D．in favor of
解析：选B 她同意把所有的宠物房间都打扫干净，作为对“我”偿还那本丢失的书的交换条件。in trade for“作为对……的交换”符合语境。in need of“需要”；in terms of“就……而言”；in favor of“赞同，支持”。
15．A.punishment B．recovery
C．encouragement D．promise
解析：选A 根据语境可知，“我”本来是要把家务杂活当作对她的惩罚(punishment)。recovery“恢复”；encouragement“鼓励”；promise“承诺”。
16．A.studying B．parenting
C．arguing D．fighting
解析：选B “我”在为人父母方面是成功还是失败呢？此处parent用作动词，意为“做……的父亲(或母亲)”。
17．A.benefit B．method
C．commitment D．demand
解析：选C 如果“我”拍的这张照片显示她正认真地(seriously)干活，那“我”让她明白了保存一本从图书馆借来的书的承诺吗？commitment“承诺，允诺承担”符合语境。benefit“好处，益处”；method“方法，办法”；demand“要求”。
18．A.seriously B．unwillingly
C．professionally D．constantly
解析：选A 参见上题解析。unwillingly“不乐意地，不情愿地”；professionally“专业地，职业地”；constantly“经常地，持续不断地”。
19．A.disappointment B．relief
C．regret D．sorrow
解析：选B 根据下文“She could devote herself to the chores as much as to the books.”可推知，令“我”宽慰的是，“我”的女儿知道在她的人生中什么是重要的。to one's relief是固定搭配，意为“令某人安慰的是”，符合语境。
20．A.matters B．proves
C．exists D．grows
解析：选A 参见上题解析。此处matter是动词，意为“要紧，重要”。
完形填空文体分类练(四) 夹叙夹议文
A
In my youth, I often disagreed seriously with my father about some issues.Once, my father even hit me, and then he burst out __1__.
The memory of those tears says more to me about who my father was than the memories of our __2__.I never doubted that he loved me, even in those moments when I felt least __3__ by him. He was a man who __4__ not only people he knew and loved, but also those in need he didn't __5__ at all. He taught me to love people __6__.In his life, he always did something out of __7__， for example, preparing and serving meals for __8__ people at St.Ben's parish (教区) in Milwaukee's inner city. After my father retired, he took his social action to a __9__ level.
Admitted to a ministry program that introduced him to Catholic social action, he __10__ it happily. Meanwhile he became __11__ about how unconcerned the people in his district were about the life of the less __12__.When he graduated from the program, he became the Social Programs Coordinator for his district, continually__13__ the citizens there to give more to those in need，__14__ he died at eighty?one.
Because of the __15__ set by my father, I have a responsibility to give of myself — not just to those I know and love, but to those I would never know if I didn't __16__ them out: the poor and the disabled. It is because of my father's guidance that I try to __17__ 10 percent of my income to charity. It is also because of my father's guidance that I spend two hours a week __18__ a blind man.
I don't do it out of guilt but out of love, because I saw love in my father's __19__， in his tears and in the way he lived his life. Because of him, I __20__ love.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的父亲热衷于公益事业，为他树立了榜样，也让作者学会了关爱他人。
1．A.crying B．annoying
C．regretting D．cheering
解析：选A 根据下一段第一句中的“The memory of those tears”可知，因作者和父亲意见分歧，父亲打了作者之后哭了。
2．A.achievements B．progress
C．cooperation D．arguments
解析：选D 根据第一段可知，作者和父亲因意见分歧而争辩。
3．A.followed B．blamed
C．accompanied D．understood
解析：选D 即使是在父亲最不理解作者的时候，作者也从不怀疑父亲对自己的爱。
4．A.dealt with B．cared about
C．heard about D．agreed with
解析：选B 根据第5空后的“He taught me to love people”可知，父亲关爱他人。
5．A.know B．praise
C．mention D．remember
解析：选A 父亲不仅关爱他认识的人，也关爱他不认识的人。
6．A.simply B．secretly
C．personally D．genuinely
解析：选D 父亲教作者真诚地关爱他人。
7．A.charity B．culture
C．finance D．society
解析：选A 根据下文可知，父亲总是慷慨助人。do something out of charity“慷慨助人”。
8．A.common B．devoted
C．homeless D．occupied
解析：选C 例如，父亲总为那些无家可归的人提供饭菜。
9．A.primary B．low
C．new D．normal
解析：选C 父亲关爱他人，他退休后，将关爱他人的做法上升到一个新的高度。
10．A.ignored B．accepted
C．admitted D．prepared
解析：选B 根据上文讲到的父亲热衷于社会公益事业的做法可知，当他被允许加入一个牧师计划时，他愉快地接受了。
11．A.angry B．realistic
C．careful D．impatient
解析：选A 从上文讲到父亲热衷于关心那些弱势群体的做法可知，他对他所在社区的人们不关心不幸的人的做法很生气。
12．A.competitive B．energetic
C．intelligent D．fortunate
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
13．A.forcing B．inviting
C．calling on D．calling up
解析：选C 父亲从这个计划毕业后，继续呼吁居民帮助那些需要帮助的人。
14．A.after B．until
C．though D．because
解析：选B 根据上文讲述的父亲热衷于关爱他人的公益事业的做法可知，他从事公益事业直到他去世为止。
15．A.task B．level
C．example D．standard
解析：选C 根据第16空后的“It is because of my father's guidance”可知，作者对社会的责任感是以父亲为榜样的。
16．A.take B．seek
C．make D．carry
解析：选B 如果作者没有找到穷人和残疾人这些需要帮助的人，他永远不会知道他们。
17．A.explain B．return
C．show D．give
解析：选D 作者把自己每月的10%的收入捐给慈善机构。
18．A.recognizing B．thanking
C．assisting D．encouraging
解析：选C 作者对社会上需要关爱的人提供帮助，比如他一周会花两个小时帮助一位盲人。
19．A.actions B．speeches
C．aims D．memories
解析：选A 作者从父亲的行为、眼泪和生活方式中感受到了爱。
20．A.hold back B．come across
C．believe in D．depend on
解析：选C 根据上文讲述的作者和父亲对他人的关爱的做法可知，受父亲的影响，作者深信要关爱他人。
B
(2019·滨州质检)My father was born in a small town in the US. He wasn't sure what he wanted from __1__， but something told him to __2__ and begin a new adventure.
He began that adventure traveling to cities in the US before going on to Australia, New Zealand and the Philippines. He took my mother and us three daughters with him and went wherever the road __3__ him.
It's easy to feel __4__ when you're on the road. We made lots of new friends on our trip — most of them are mechanics, since we often __5__ hours in repair shops. But that was a way much __6__ than sitting by the roadside while waiting for the engine to __7__ when it was 40 ℃ outside.
Getting along well sometimes seemed __8__. There were always a lot of __9__， especially among us back seat passengers about who had to __10__ in the middle. But even if it was hard, we learned a lot about __11__. When we were traveling in the Philippines, we drove to Quezon City one day. It should have been an hour's drive but was nearly three thanks to bad roads and __12__ traffic. “Did you put our suitcases in the car？” my father asked my mother as we arrived there. From the back seat, we saw her __13__ turn toward my father. “No，” she said. “I thought you did.” That was how a seven?hour car trip turned into a 16?hour one, which was mostly spent in __14__.
On occasions like that, we had to learn to let go of our anger because we were __15__ in a rolling box with the same people for the rest of the __16__. Even if I sometimes felt like opening the car door and __17__ one of my sisters out, I kept my feelings to myself.
This is why road trips were like __18__ universities to us. We __19__ our PhDs (博士学位) in how to get along with other people just by traveling in our old car.
If we were __20__ given a second chance at life, we would do it all over again. Only this time would I put the suitcases in the car myself.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。小时候“我”随父亲和母亲以及姐妹们开车去旅行，在此过程中，我们学会了忍让以及和别人相处。这个颠簸的旅程如同一所移动的大学，让“我”受益匪浅。
1．A.move B．life
C．experience D．belief
解析：选B 根据上文可知，“我”的父亲出生在美国的一个小镇上；结合该句中的“He wasn't sure what he wanted”以及下文叙述的他带着全家开车旅行可推知，那时他不确定想从生活中得到些什么，故B项正确。
2．A.live up B．struggle on
C．get out D．walk around
解析：选C 根据该句中的“begin a new adventure”可推知，他得到启示，要他走出去，去开启新的冒险经历。C项意为“离开，从……出来”，故C项正确。B项意为“勉力维持”。
3．A.took B．drove
C．served D．controlled
解析：选A 根据该句中的“wherever the road”并结合语境可知，他带着妈妈和我们这三个女儿，沿路旅行。A项表示“带去，引领”，符合语境，故A项正确。
4．A.anxious B．upset
C．helpless D．lonely
解析：选D 根据该句中的“when you're on the road”和下文介绍的沿路交朋友可推知，当在路上时，很容易感到孤独 (lonely)。
5．A.wasted B．worked
C．spent D．chatted
解析：选C 根据语境可知，由于我们经常花费几个小时在修理店，所以我们交的朋友大部分是修理工。
6．A.better B．easier
C．safer D．cleverer
解析：选A 由于外面的温度达到40摄氏度，所以去修理店要比坐在马路边等候好得多。
7．A.break down B．cool off
C．clear up D．turn over
解析：选B 根据该句中的“when it was 40 ℃ outside”可知，外面气温高达40摄氏度；据此可推知，该处指等待发动机冷却下来；B项意为“使冷却下来”，故B项正确。A项意为“出故障”；C项意为“清理”；D项意为“翻转”。
8．A.available B．alternative
C．necessary D．impossible
解析：选D 根据下文中的“it was hard”并结合语境可知，友好相处有时似乎是不可能的(impossible)。
9．A.arguments B．fights
C．embarrassments D．amusements
解析：选A 根据空后的“especially among us ... in the middle”可知，我们之间总是有很多争吵，尤其是关于后座的我们谁坐(sit)在中间时。
10．A.settle B．rest
C．sit D．watch
解析：选C 参见上题解析。
11．A.sharing B．respect
C．communication D．tolerance
解析：选D 根据该句中的“But”表达的语境可知，尽管这很难解决，但是我们学会了忍耐(tolerance)。
12．A.light B．heavy
C．local D．fast
解析：选B 根据该句中的“It should have been an hour's drive but was nearly three”可知，本可以在一小时就完成的路程，我们却花了三个小时；据此可推知，这里路道较差，交通拥堵，故B项正确。
13．A.suddenly B．sensitively
C．calmly D．slowly
解析：选D 根据语境可知，我们在后座看到母亲慢慢地转过头对父亲说：“没有，我还以为你放了。”
14．A.silence B．vain
C．panic D．disappointment
解析：选A 根据上文可知，母亲忘记将手提箱放进车里；结合该句和下文中的“we had to learn to let go of our anger”可知，我们学会了控制自己的怒气，这个七小时的行程最终变成了十六小时的行程，我们大部分的时间都在沉默。
15．A.buried B．crazy
C．stuck D．impatient
解析：选C 根据语境可知，在像上文提到的情况下，我们必须控制自己的怒气，因此我们和相同的人在接下来的旅程(journey)中一起被困在车里。be stuck in为固定搭配，意为“被困在……”，故C项正确。
16．A.holiday B．journey
C．exploration D．march
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
17．A.dragging B．pushing
C．helping D．sending
解析：选B 根据该句中的“I kept my feelings to myself”可知，“我”控制住了自己的情绪；据此可推知，此处表示有时“我”想要打开车门将“我”的一个姐妹推出车外。B项意为“推”，故B项正确。
18．A.unusual B．common
C．free D．mobile
解析：选D 根据该句中的“road trips”以及下文中的“We ________ our PhDs (博士学位)”可知，对于我们来说，公路旅行就如同一所可移动的(mobile)大学。
19．A.earned B．expected
C．missed D．valued
解析：选A 根据语境可知，就在这辆旧汽车里，我们获得了如何和他人相处的博士学位；A项意为“博得，赢得”，故A项正确。
20．A.somewhere B．anytime
C．somehow D．anyway
解析：选C 根据语境可知，如果我们能以某种方式在人生中获得第二次机会的话，我们还是会去旅行。C项意为“以某种方式”，故C项正确。
完形填空文体分类练(五) 说明文
A
What I have learned with my three teens is this: when they are testing me and pushing the limits in a way that feels more aggressive than normal teenage behavior, this is when they need some extra love and __1__.
When our kids are young and aren't able to __2__ how they are feeling, they typically behave in a way that makes it obvious that they are sad, __3__， or not feeling like themselves. We parents try __4__ to help them feel better, whatever it __5__. We won't __6__ even though we can't quite understand.
As they get __7__ and are able to talk and communicate, I think we raise our expectations a little bit too __8__ — I've realized although they can talk and communicate and let us __9__ whether something is wrong, it doesn't mean they will.
Not because they don't always want to, __10__ teenagers seem to think they can __11__ it on their own; they think their __12__ won't understand, or they are too embarrassed to come to us with their __13__ or talk about certain situations. But I've also had to realize when my teens are disrespectful, they might not know how to __14__ themselves. Even as a 43?year?old woman I still __15__ with finding the words or putting a name to my feelings. I mean my teens need me to __16__ them to tell me what's wrong.
Teens, like all of us are looking for bonding, so make sure we are __17__ time with them. This has to be face to face. If connecting with your teen by text messages feels easier, then start there, but don't __18__ there. Put down your __19__ and look at your teen in the eyes to communicate too, and __20__ will take you and your teen's relationship to another level.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。孩子小的时候，他们不能向父母表达自己的感受，就会通过明显的方式来表达自己的难过或不舒服；当他们长大时，他们又不愿意表达自己的感受；因此，父母要关注孩子的成长，及时有效地和孩子沟通。
1．A.complaint B．punishment
C．praise D．attention
解析：选D 根据语境和空前的“when they need some extra love and”可知，此处表示当他们需要额外的爱和关注时。
2．A.sing B．explore
C．communicate D．build
解析：选C 根据语境可知，当孩子小的时候，他们不能表达自己的感受。communicate“传达，传递”。
3．A.uncomfortable B．delighted
C．excited D．energetic
解析：选A 根据该句中的“they are sad, ________， or not feeling like themselves”，并结合语境可知，此处表示他们伤心、不舒服。
4．A.something B．everything
C．nothing D．anything
解析：选B 根据后面的“whatever it ________”可知，我们父母尽一切可能去帮助他们感觉好些，无论付出什么。
5．A.offers B．takes
C．makes D．calls
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
6．A.give in B．give up
C．give off D．give out
解析：选B 根据后面的“even though we can't quite understand”可知，尽管我们不是很明白，但我们不会放弃。
7．A.smaller B．stronger
C．older D．younger
解析：选C 根据后面的“are able to talk and communicate”可推知，当他们年龄大一点时，他们能说话和交流。
8．A.high B．low
C．fast D．slow
解析：选A 根据前面的“we raise our expectations”并结合语境可知，此处表示我们把期望提得有点过高。
9．A.ask B．say
C．debate D．know
解析：选D 根据语境可知，他们能说话和交流，能让我们知道是否事情出了差错。
10．A.because B．since
C．though D．but
解析：选D 根据“Not because they don't always want to, ________ teenagers seem to think they can ________ it on their own”可知，空处表转折，此处表示并不是因为他们不想，而是青少年认为他们能自己应付(handle)它 。
11．A.handle B．hide
C．present D．expose
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
12．A.friends B．parents
C．teachers D．teammates
解析：选B 根据语境可知，他们认为他们的父母不会理解。
13．A.worries B．possibilities
C．explanations D．assumptions
解析：选A 根据本句中的“they are too embarrassed to come to us with their ________”可知，他们太尴尬不愿带着担忧找父母。
14．A.push B．determine
C．express D．urge
解析：选C 根据语境可知，他们也许不知道怎样表达自己。
15．A.argue B．work
C．struggle D．dream
解析：选C 根据上文可知，孩子们也许不知道怎样表达自己，并结合该句可知，作为一个43岁的女士，找到合适的话语表达自己的感受对“我”来说仍然很难。
16．A.force B．encourage
C．refuse D．forbid
解析：选B 根据语境可知，此处表示“‘我’的意思是孩子们需要‘我’鼓励他们告诉‘我’出了什么差错”。
17．A.wasting B．killing
C．spending D．losing
解析：选C 根据本句中的“we are ________ time with them”可知，此处表示确保花时间和他们在一起。
18．A.stand B．hang
C．leave D．stop
解析：选D 根据本句“If connecting with your teen ... don't ________ there.”可知，如果用手机短信和你的孩子沟通感觉更简单，就从那儿开始，但不能停留在手机交流上。
19．A.magazines B．newspapers
C．books D．phones
解析：选D 根据上文用手机短信和孩子沟通可知，此处表示放下你的手机，看着孩子的眼睛进行沟通。
20．A.connections B．adjustment
C．service D．disappointment
解析：选A 根据后面的“take you and your teen's relationship to another level”可知，联系能让你和孩子的关系更进一层。
B
Recently we carried out a survey of 1,000 people from different countries to find out what they think __1__ will be like in the future. The results clearly show both our __2__ and fears.
The survey suggests that __3__ — one of the most important human relationships — will change greatly. People will make friends through the Internet. Computers will become really __4__ by 2050. Even now, some people describe them as their best friends! Others, __5__， say that we will become much more isolated (孤立的) from each other __6__ we will have little real human communication.
Education will __7__ a lot too. As more and more children will be using computers in schools, certain __8__， such as mental arithmetic (心算), won't be necessary. Even writing by hand will have become a thing of the __9__.
According to the survey, home life will be __10__. Most people believe that by 2050 robots will be doing the housework and we will be eating __11__ food. A lot of people think that we might only cook for fun in the future. Space exploration will become increasingly __12__. Fifty percent of the people we talked to __13__ that man will regularly visit Mars.
Pollution is something that seems to __14__ many people. Some fear that it will __15__ to get worse, and that our planet will become __16__ to live on. Others even __17__ that one day we'll have to pay for clean air.
__18__， people seem to be quite optimistic about genetic engineering (基因工程), as they think scientists will use it to __19__ diseases like cancer and AIDS.
No matter how dark or bright it may seem, it is up to us to __20__ our planet and try to make it a better place.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章是人们对未来生活看法的问卷调查结果。
1．A.education B．space
C．nature D．life
解析：选D 根据下文描述的交友、教育、太空探索以及污染问题等可知，此问卷调查是关于未来“生活(life)”的。
2．A.tears B．hopes
C．rights D．plans
解析：选B 根据本空后的fears以及下文描述的未来生活的不同方面可知，问卷结果显示了人们对未来生活的“希望(hopes)”和担忧。
3．A.marriage B．leadership
C．friendship D．neighborhood
解析：选C 根据空后的“one of the most important human relationships”和“People will make friends through the Internet.”可知，此处是说未来的“友谊(friendship)”会发生巨大的改变。
4．A.private B．perfect
C．necessary D．expensive
解析：选C 根据本段描述电脑对人们的影响可知，到2050年，电脑将变得“必不可少(necessary)”。
5．A.however B．instead
C．anyhow D．therefore
解析：选A “一些人认为电脑是最好的朋友”和“有些人认为人与人之间将变得更加孤立”之间是转折关系，故选however。
6．A.until B．unless
C．because D．although
解析：选C “缺少真实的人际交流”是“人们变得更加孤立”的原因，故选because。
7．A.provide B．complete
C．receive D．change
解析：选D 根据下文描述心算变得没有必要可知，未来的教育也会“改变(change)”很多。
8．A.facts B．abilities
C．goals D．thoughts
解析：选B 由于电脑的普及，某些“技能(abilities)”，如心算，将没有必要。甚至用手写字也会变得过时。
9．A.end B．past
C．moment D．future
解析：选B 参见上题解析。a thing of the past指过时的事物。
10．A.busier B．safer
C．easier D．sadder
解析：选C 根据下文的“robots will be doing the housework”可知，未来家庭生活将变得“更简单(easier)”。
11．A.unhealthy B．frozen
C．over?cooked D．ready?made
解析：选D 根据下文的“we might only cook for fun in the future”可知，到2050年人们基本不做饭，而是吃“已经做好的(ready?made)”饭。
12．A.famous B．cheap
C．popular D．difficult
解析：选C 根据下文的“man will regularly visit Mars”可知，未来的太空探索将非常“流行(popular)”。
13．A.doubt B．believe
C．remember D．warn
解析：选B 根据上文的“Most people believe”可知，50%的受访者“相信(believe)”人类会定期拜访火星。
14．A.confuse B．frighten
C．satisfy D．worry
解析：选D 根据下文的“Some fear that ...”可知，环境污染让很多人“担心(worry)”。
15．A.stop B．continue
C．refuse D．begin
解析：选B 本段指污染带给人们的影响。有些人担心如果环境“继续(continue)”变糟糕，在地球上居住将变得“不可能(impossible)”。
16．A.cold B．free
C．suitable D．impossible
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
17．A.expect B．promise
C．predict D．wish
解析：选C 环境污染使得有些人“预测(predict)”有一天呼吸干净的空气也需要付费。
18．A.As a result B．In other words
C．In a similar way D．On the other hand
解析：选D 对未来生活，人们一方面担心环境污染，而“另一方面(On the other hand)”则对基因工程充满期待。
19．A.catch B．prevent
C．spread D．carry
解析：选B 根据上文的“be quite optimistic”可知，有一些人相信科学家可以利用遗传工程“防治(prevent)”诸如癌症和艾滋这样的疾病。
20．A.look after B．take over
C．pay for D．think about
解析：选A 根据上述调查结果以及作者的结论“try to make it a better place”可知，作者认为未来依赖于我们“照顾(look after)”好地球。
完形填空文体分类练(六) 议论文
A
Why study history?
People live in the present. They plan for the __1__. History, however, is the study of the past. Given all the __2__ and pressures that come from living in the present and __3__ what is yet to come, why bother with what has happened? Given all the available branches of knowledge, why insist — as most __4__ systems do — on history? And why urge many students to study even more history than they are __5__ to?
Any subject of study needs __6__： supporters must explain why it is worth __7__. Like most widely accepted __8__， history attracts people who simply __9__ the information and modes of thought involved. But for people who are less interested in the subject and more __10__ about why they should bother with it, a clearer explanation of its purpose is required.
__11__ do not perform heart transplants, improve highway design, or arrest criminals. In a society that quite correctly expects education to serve __12__ purposes, history's functions can seem more difficult to __13__ than those of engineering or medicine. History is in fact very useful, actually __14__， but the products of historical study are often less __15__ and immediate than those of other subjects.
History helps us understand people, societies and how they __16__. For example, how can we __17__ past wars and future threats without using historical materials? Unfortunately, major aspects of the society's operation cannot be set up as precise experiments. __18__， history must serve, however imperfectly, as our __19__， helping us understand who we are and why we do what we do. This, fundamentally, is why we cannot __20__ history.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。很多人有这样的疑惑：我们所有的需求和压力都来自于活在当下，以及对未来的预期，为什么还要在已经发生的事情上花费时间呢？虽然历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科那样立竿见影，但是，历史学科实际上是非常重要的，它能帮助我们了解我们是谁、我们为什么要做我们所做的事情。
1．A.process B．result
C．future D．environment
解析：选C 根据上句“We live in the present.”和该句中的“plan for”，并结合常识可知，人们为未来做计划。C项意为“未来”，符合语境。A项意为“过程”；B项意为“结果”；D项意为“环境”。
2．A.causes B．demands
C．choices D．orders
解析：选B 根据该句中的“and pressures that come from living in the present”并结合选项可知，空处与名词“pressures”对应，表示“来自活在当下的需求和压力”。B项意为“需求”，符合语境。A项意为“原因”；C项意为“选择”；D项意为“次序”。
3．A.avoiding B．fearing
C．celebrating D．anticipating
解析：选D 根据上文的“They plan for the ________”以及该句中的“________ what is yet to come”，并结合语境可知，此处是说对未来的预期。D项意为“预期”，符合语境。A项意为“避免”；B项意为“恐惧”；C项意为“庆祝”。
4．A.financial B．social
C．educational D．political
解析：选C 根据下文中的“urge many students to study even more history”可知，我们总是敦促学生学习更多历史知识；结合该句的内容可知，考虑到所有可用的知识分支，为什么大多数教育体系坚持教授历史？C项意为“教育的”，符合语境。A项意为“财政的”；B项意为“社会的”；D项意为“政治的”。
5．A.required B．invited
C．forced D．permitted
解析：选A 根据该句的内容，并结合常识可知，此处表示为什么要敦促许多学生学习比他们被要求学习的还要多的历史呢？A项意为“要求”，符合语境。B项意为“邀请”；C项意为“强迫”；D项意为“允许”。
6．A.direction B．exploration
C．justification D．revolution
解析：选C 根据该句的内容，并结合常识可知，任何学科的研究都需要正当的理由(justification)，支持者必须解释其值得关注(attention)的原因，故C项正确。A项意为“方向”；B项意为“探索”；D项意为“改革”。
7．A.assessment B．attention
C．expectation D．mention
解析：选B 参见上题解析。B项意为“关注”，符合语境。A项意为“评估”；C项意为“期望”；D项意为“提及”。
8．A.subjects B．concepts
C．topics D．concerns
解析：选A 根据该段第一句中的“subject”，并结合语境可知，该处指“大多数被普遍接受的学科”。A项意为“学科”，符合语境。B项意为“概念”；C项意为“话题”；D项意为“忧虑”。
9．A.provide B．receive
C．share D．like
解析：选D 根据该句中的“history attracts people who simply ________ the information and modes of thought involved”并结合语境可知，历史吸引了喜欢这些信息以及有相关思维方式的人。D项意为“喜欢”，符合语境。A项意为“提供”；B项意为“收到”；C项意为“分享”。
10．A.doubtful B．worried
C．thoughtful D．certain
解析：选A 根据该句中的“why they should bother with it”可知，对于那些对这门学科不太感兴趣，而且对为什么要花费时间学这门学科有疑问的人来说，需要更清楚地解释学这门学科的目的。A项意为“怀疑的”，符合语境。B项意为“担心的”；C项意为“思考的，深思的”；D项意为“肯定的”。
11．A.Supporters B．Historians
C．Audiences D．Teachers
解析：选B 根据上文可知，文章主要是论述历史研究的，因此该处是在说明历史学家的特点，并引出对上述问题的解释。B项意为“历史学家”，符合语境。A项意为“支持者”；C项意为“观众”；D项意为“老师”。
12．A.public B．multiple
C．different D．useful
解析：选D 根据该句中的“In a society that quite correctly expects education to serve ________ purposes”，并结合该段尾句中的“History is in fact very useful”和常识可知，社会期望教育有作用。D项意为“有用的”，符合语境。A项意为“公共的”；B项意为“多种多样的”；C项意为“不同的”。
13．A.define B．expect
C．satisfy D．ignore
解析：选A 根据该句中的“history's functions can seem more difficult to ________ than those of engineering or medicine”，并结合常识可知，历史学科的功能似乎比工程或医学学科的功能更难定义。A项意为“给……下定义”，符合语境。B项意为“预期”；C项意为“满足”；D项意为“忽视”。
14．A.optional B．attractive
C．accessible D．essential
解析：选D 根据该句中的“History is in fact very useful, actually ________”，并结合语境可推知，空处和“very useful”对应，说明历史事实上是非常有用的，实际上是非常重要的。D项意为“极其重要的”，符合语境。A项意为“可选择的”；B项意为“吸引人的”；C项意为“可进入的”。
15．A.valuable B．interesting
C．instructive D．accurate
解析：选C 根据该句中的“but the products of historical study are often less ________ and immediate than those of other subjects”可知，历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科的成果更有教育意义和即时的效果。C项意为“有教育意义的”，符合语境。A项意为“有价值的”；B项意为“有趣的”；D项意为“精确的”。
16．A.imagine B．behave
C．fight D．fade
解析：选B 根据下文所举的例子，并结合该句的内容可知，历史帮助我们了解人、社会以及他们是如何表现的。B项意为“表现”，符合语境。A项意为“想象”；C项意为“战斗”；D项意为“褪色”。
17．A.prevent B．remember
C．evaluate D．declare
解析：选C 根据空后一句并结合该句的内容可推知，如果不使用历史资料，我们如何评估过去的战争和未来的威胁呢？C项意为“评估”，符合语境。A项意为“阻止”；B项意为“记得”；D项意为“宣告”。
18．A.Consequently B．Alternatively
C．Fortunately D．Admittedly
解析：选A 根据上文可知，社会运转的重要方面不能作为精确的实验来设置，并结合该句可知，因此，历史必须作为我们的实验室(laboratory)，帮助我们了解我们是谁、我们为什么要做我们所做的事情。A项意为“因此”，符合语境。B项意为“或者”；C项意为“幸运地”；D项意为“不可否认地”。
19．A.library B．laboratory
C．clinic D．museum
解析：选B 参见上题解析。B项意为“实验室”，符合语境。A项意为“图书馆”；C项意为“诊所”；D项意为“博物馆”。
20．A.make up for B．give in to
C．get close to D．stay away from
解析：选D 根据上文可知，历史帮助我们了解我们是谁、我们为什么要做我们所做的事情；据此可知，此处是说我们不能远离历史。D项意为“远离”，符合语境。A项意为“弥补”；B项意为“屈服”；C项意为“接近”。
B
(2019·临沂模拟)Most people say “I'm sorry” many times a day for a host of trivial (琐碎的) things.These apologies are easy and usually readily __1__， often with a response like, “No problem.” __2__， when “I'm sorry” are the words needed to right truly hurtful words or acts, they can be the hardest ones to __3__.And even when an apology is offered with the best of intentions, it can be seriously __4__ by the way in which it is worded.A poorly worded apology can __5__ lasting anger and __6__ an important relationship.
I admit to a lifetime of challenges when it comes to __7__， especially when I thought I was right or __8__.But I recently __9__ that the need for an apology is less about me than the person who is __10__ by something I said or did or failed to do.I also learned that a sincere apology can be extremely __11__ for the recipient (接受者) as well as the __12__.
After learning that a neighbour who seemed __13__ due to my small errors, I wrote a __14__ and apologized for my __15__.I said I wasn't asking for __16__， merely hoping that we could have a harmonious __17__， and then delivered the letter with a jar of my homemade jam.
Expecting nothing __18__， I was greatly relieved when my doorbell rang and the neighbour __19__ me for what I had said and done.I felt as if I'd not only got rid of a(n) __20__ but made a new friend, which is indeed how it played out in the days that followed.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。不找任何借口，带着诚意与尊重为自己的过失道歉，不仅会减少一个敌人，而且会多交一个朋友。
1．A.accepted B．found
C．proved D．remembered
解析：选A 根据该空后的“often with a response like, ‘No problem.’”可知，大多数人每天为各种微不足道的小事说许多次“对不起”，这些道歉容易做到，通常也易于被“接受(accepted)”。
2．A.Therefore B．Otherwise
C．However D．Besides
解析：选C 根据上文中的“easy”与下文中的“hardest”的对比可知，该空前后两个句子之间是语义上的转折关系，故However符合语境。
3．A.say B．gain
C．forget D．control
解析：选A 根据该空前的“to right truly hurtful words or acts”可知，但是当“对不起”是为了弥补确实很伤人的话语或行为时，就会成为最难“说(say)”出口的话。
4．A.described B．weakened
C．recorded D．trusted
解析：选B 根据下文中的“poorly worded”与选项中的“weakened”近义词复现可知，即便你是本着最大的善意道歉，也有可能因为措辞不当而被“削弱(weakened)”。
5．A.depend on B．look on
C．take in D．result in
解析：选D 根据上文内容可知，措辞不当的道歉会“导致(result in)”持久的愤怒，也会“破坏(destroy)”一段重要的关系。
6．A.continue B．manage
C．judge D．destroy
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
7．A.lying B．dreaming
C．apologizing D．praising
解析：选C 根据空后“especially when I thought I was right”可知，作者承认“道歉(apologizing)”是人生的一个挑战，尤其是当他认为自己是对的，或被“误解(misunderstood)”时。
8．A.admired B．worried
C．misunderstood D．delighted
解析：选C 参见上题解析。其中right与misunderstood是并列关系。
9．A.discovered B．expected
C．promised D．feared
解析：选A 根据“But”提示和该空前后语境转折可知，“that the need ...failed to do”是作者最近“发现(discovered)”的道理。
10．A.moved B．hurt
C．attracted D．criticized
解析：选B 根据该空后的“by something I said or did or failed to do”可知，被自己所言、所行或未能做到的事“伤害(hurt)”到的人，更需要“我”的道歉。
11．A.simple B．impossible
C．beneficial D．interesting
解析：选C 根据下一段的具体事例可知，真诚的道歉不论对接受者还是“给予者(giver)”而言，都是非常“有好处的(beneficial)”。
12．A.quitter B．giver
C．lover D．rescuer
解析：选B 参见上题解析。上文“recipient”和选项中的“giver”之间是反义词复现关系。
13．A.excited B．puzzled
C．embarrassed D．annoyed
解析：选D 根据该空后的“due to my small errors”以及“apologized for”语境暗示可知，邻居因作者的一些小错误而“感到恼火(annoyed)”。
14．A.letter B．book
C．story D．poem
解析：选A 根据第17空后的“delivered the letter”提示可知，作者写了一封“信(letter)”。此处为原词复现。
15．A.jokes B．mistake
