Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.单元知识点讲义

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台


Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.讲义

重点单词



1. yard?????n.?院子??
2. sweet ?adj.?甜蜜的;?甜的;?含糖的?
3. memory??n.?记忆;?回忆?
4.cent???n.?分;?分币??
5.bear???n.?熊?
6.maker???n.?生产者;?制订者
7.scarf????n.?围巾;?披巾;?头巾?
8.soft??adj.?软的;?柔软的?
9.check?v.?&?n.?检查;?审查?
10.board???n.?板;?木板?
11.junior???adj.?地位（或职位、级别）低下的
12.bedroom??n.?卧室
13.own???v.?拥有;?有?
14.railway???n.?铁路;?铁道
15. certain??adj.?某种;?某事;?某人
16. while??n.?一段时间;?一会儿?
17. truthful???adj.?诚实的;?真实的?
hometown??n.?家乡;?故乡?
nowadays??adv.?现今;?现在;?目前?
search???v.?&?n.?搜索;?搜查?
among? prep.??在（其）中;?......之一?
crayon?n.?彩色铅笔（或粉笔、蜡笔）?
shame????n.?羞耻;?羞愧;?惭愧?
regard?v.将......认为;?把......视为?
count???v.?数数?
century???n.?百年;?世纪
opposite???prep.;与......相对;?在......对面adj.?对面的;?另一边的?
especially??adv.?尤其;?特别;?格外?
childhood??n.?童年;?幼年?
consider???v.?注视;?仔细考虑?
?hold?v.?(held,?held)?拥有;?抓住








二、短语归纳
1.?how?long多久? 2.?have?a?yard?sale?举行庭院销售?
3.?give?away捐赠? 4.?not..anymore不在?
5.?welcome?to?..欢迎到……? 6.?a?bit有点?
7.?board?game?棋类游戏? 8.?check?out查看，观察?
9.?clear?out?收拾，整理? 10.?a?lot?of许多?
11.?a?bread?maker?面包机? 12.?grow?up?长大?
13.?no?longer?不在? 14.?at?first?起初?
15.?for?example例如? 16.?a?train?and?railway?set一套轨道火车?
17.?as?for至于。。? 18.?give?up放弃?
19.?to?be?honest?说实在的? 20.?on?weekends在周末?
21.?at?least至少? 22.?once?or?twice?a?year?一年一两次?
23.?millions?of?数百万的? 24.?search?for寻找?
25.?according?to?依据? 26.?across?from?在……对面?
27.?in?one’s?opinion?依?……来看? 28.?in?order?to?为了




三、句型集萃



1. it’s?+adj+for?sb?+to?do?sth??对某人来说做某事是……的?
2.?want?to?do?想要做某事?
3.?love?doing?喜欢做某事?
4.?decide?to?do?决定做某事?
5.?have?been?in?+somewhere?曾在某地待了……?
6.?hope?to?do?sth希望做某事?
7.?one?of??the?+adj最高级+名词复数?
8.?used?to?do?sth?过去常常做……?
9.?need?to?do?需要做……?

四、词汇、句型讲解及拓展
1.?And?check?out?these?soft?toys?and?board?games?for?younger?kids.??看看给小孩们的这些毛绒玩具和棋盘游戏。?
【解析】check?out?查看；观察????check??v.?检查? ★★★
You’ d?better?check?out?your?engine.?你最好检查一下你的发动机。
【拓展】check?out?还可为不及物动词短语，意为“结账离开”。
check?out?也有“检查，核对”之意，但是强调查明真相，核对事实。在美式英语中常用check?upon。?

2.?My?children?are?growing?up?fast?.我的孩子们成长的很快。?? ?
?【解析】grow?up?成长?（常用于指人或动物）?★★★

3.?So?we’ ve?been?clearing?out?a?lot?of?things?from?our?bedroom?for?a?yard?sale.??所以，我们正从卧室里清理出许多东西来办一场庭院拍卖会。?
【解析1】这是一个现在完成进行时的句子。现在完成进行时通常要和时间段连用，表示在某段时间内，某动作一直在进行，结构为“have/has?been+v-ing?+时间段”。?★★★
例：The?workers?have?been?working?for?three?hours.?这些工人已经工作3个小时了。?
【注意】如果对时间段提问，疑问短语用how?long。如对上面例句中的for短语进行提问：?
How?long?have?the?workers?been?working???这些工人工作多长时间了？?
【解析2】clear?out?清理；把……清空? ★★
clean?up?清理；使整洁?
例：I?decided?to?clear?out?all?the?old?shoes?that?we?never?wear.?我已经决定把我们从来不穿的旧鞋统统加以清除。
【拓展】clear?out与clean?out?的用法区别 ★★★
clear?out与clean?out这两个短语都有“使......干净”的意思，但实际意思是不同的，前者意为“使......被清除掉，使.....空出来”。而clean?out则是“使......清洁”之意。?
例：I’ ll?clear?out?that?closet?and?then?you?can?hang?your?clothes?in?there.?
我会把衣橱腾出来，你就可以放衣服了。?
Be?sure?to?clean?out?the?kitchen?when?you?finish?cooking.?
做晚饭时，一定要把厨房收拾干净。

4. We’ ve?decided?to?each?sell?five?things?we?no?longer?use.??我们已经决定每人卖出去五件我们不用的东西。?
【解析1】decide?决定 ?★★★
decide?v?决定→-decision?n?决定?
?(1)decide?to?do?sth=?make?up?one’s?mind?to?do?sth?决定做某事???
(2)make?a?decision?做决定??
My?mother?has?decided?_________(take)?me?to?acting?lessons.?????????
答案：to take
【解析2】no?longer?=?not?...?any?long?不再 ★★★
no?longer?位于助动词、情态动词或实意动词之后；?
not...any?longer常与助动词或情态动词连用，any?longer?位于句末。
例.:?I?no?longer?live?in?this?city.?=?I?don’t?live?in?this?city?any?longer.?
【拓展】?no?longer,?not?...?any?longer;?no?more?,?not...?any?more.?词语?同义词?用法? ★★★
no?longer?，not?...?any?longer??强调时间或动作“不再延续”?，与延续动词连用?
no?more?，not?...?any?more?强调数量和程度“不再增加”?与非延续动词连用?
例.:?He?can?no?longer?walk??=?He?can’t?walk?any?longer.?
I?have?no?more?money?to?give?you.=?I?don’t?have?money?to?give?you?any?more.

5. For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven.
例如，从他四岁生日以来，就已经拥有了这列火车和铁轨的组合，大约七岁之前他几乎每周都要玩这个玩具。?
【解析】own?拥有? ★★
own?v?拥有→owner?n?物主?
?of?one’s?own?某人自己的??????
the?owner?of?…?……的所有者?
1.Who?is?the?____________(own)?of?the?bike??
2.I?want?to?see?it?with?_______(I)?own?eyes.
答案：owner，my

6.?And?he?didn’ t?want?to?lose?the?toy?monkey?he’s?had?since?then,?????并且他也不想失去自从他出生就拥有的那个玩具猴。?
【解析】lose?(lost?,?lost)?失去? ★★
???I?hope?we?won’t?lose?the?competition.?我希望你不要输了这场比赛。

7.?My?daughter?was?more?understanding?,?although?she?felt?sad?to?part?with?certain?toys.
我女儿比较通情达理，尽管要失去某些玩具也让她感到难过。?
【解析1】part?with?与……分开；失去（尤指舍不得的东西） ★★
??????He?was?very?sorry?to?part?with?his?favorite?horses.??他卖掉他最喜欢的几匹马，心里很难过。
【解析2】certain?? ★★
(1).某种；某事；某人（在句中只能做定语，常与不定代词a连用，可修饰单、复数名词）?
E.g.:?A?certain?person?called?on?me?yesterday.?
(2).?adj.?确实的，无疑的?
be?certain?of?对某事有把握????
e.g.:?They?are?certain?of?success.?????
be?certain?to?do?sth?肯定做某事???
e.g.:?He?is?certain?to?come.?????
be?certain?+that确信???????????
e.g.:??I’ m?certain?that?he’ll?come.?我确信他会来。

8.As?for?me,?I?didn’t?want?to?give?up?my?football?shirts?,?but?,?to?be?honest?,?I?haven’t?played?for?a?while now.?
对于我来说，我不想放弃我的足球衫，但说实话，现在我有段时间没踢足球了。?
【解析1】as?for?至于；关于?（后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语）???????? ★★★
例：As?for?that?computer.?I’m?not?telling?you?anything.?至于说哪台电脑，我什么都不会告诉你。
【解析2】?to?be?honest?=?to?tell?(you)?the?truth老实说；说实话? ★★
例：To?be?honest,?I?have?little?money.?老实说，我几乎没有钱。
【拓展】honest?adj.?诚实的（反）dishonest?adj.?不诚实的??????? ★★ ??
例:?an?honest?boy?一个诚实的男孩?
【注】honest?以元音音素开头，所以前面的定冠词要用an.?
1.He?is?a?_________(honest)?boy.?We?all?don’ t?like?him.?
2.She?is?an?__________(honest)?girl.?We?all?like?her.?
3.?Tom?likes?to?tell?lies,?he?is________(honest)?
4. －I?hear?Michael?never?tells?a?lie.??????? －That's?right.?He?is?an?________?boy.????
???A.?active???????B.?honest???????????C.?outgoing??
答案：dishonest , honest , dishonest ,B
【解析3】for?a?while?一会儿? ★★
例:?She?likes?to?lie?down?for?a?while?after?lunch.?
他喜欢在午餐后躺一会。

9.?What?will?they?do?with?the?money?they?raise?from?the?sale??????他们要用卖东西筹集来的钱做什么？?
【解析】do?with?处理；对付（某人或某物）?????????★★★?????
【拓展】do?with??处理??强调处理的对象，与what?连用?
? deal?with?处理????强调处理的方式、方法，与how?连用
1.We?can’ t?decide?what?will?happen?in?our?life,?but?we?can?decide?how?we?will_____it.?
???A.?agree?with?? B.?begin?with?? C.?deal?with?? D.?come?up?with?
2.—?____?do?you?____?your?broken?watch?????—?I?am?going?to?take?it?to?the?watchmaker’ s?.?
??A.?How;?do?with???? B.?What;?deal?with?? C.?How;?deal?with???? D.?What;?did?with?

五、语法归纳
现在完成时 ★★★
1、概念：①一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在并有可能持续到将来。②表示过去发生的或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2、结构：have/has +过去分词 have/has been +过去分词
3、句型：肯定句：主语+have/has +过去分词+其他 e.g. The car has arrived.
否定句：主语+have/has +not +过去分词+其他 e.g. The car hasn’t arrived
一般疑问句：have/has+主语+过去分词+其他 e.g. Has the car arrived?
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他 e.g. When has the car arrived?
4、谈论开始于过去某个时候而且持续到现在的一个动作。常见的时间状语有：for+一段时间，since+过去的某个点时间，
例如：Eddie?has?lived?with?Millie?since?he?was?born.??
for和since的区别
)since用来说明动作的起始时间，即从某时间点开始；since?可作介词，后接时间点，也可用作连词，后接从句，表示某个动作或情况从过去某一时间点一直持续到现在，从句用一般过去时。
I?have?lived?here?since?ten?years?ago．我10年前就住在这儿。??
I?haven’t?seen?him?since?I?came?back.?自从我回来就没见过他。
for用来说明动作的延续时间，即多长时间，后接时间段。for?作介词，后接时间段，表示“某个动作持续了多久；?????
???? I?have?lived?here?for?more?than?ten?years．我住在这儿10多年了。???
Mr?Smith?hasn’t?come?to?China?for?three?years.?史密斯先生三年没来中国了。

2.)?since具体有四种用法：?????????
(1)since+过去某时间点，这里时间点指具体的年、月、日、星期、小时?等。如：????????
?He?has?been?here?since?1999．他自1999年以来一直在这儿。?????????
since+一段时间+ago表示“自??时间前开始至今”。如：?????????
He?has?been?here?since?five?years?ago．他在这儿已有5年了。???????
(3).?Since?+ 一般过去时从句?
?Many?things?have?changed?since?you?left.??你走后许多事情发生了变化。???????
(4)It?is／has?been+一段时间+since从句如：?????
It?is?two?years?since?I?came?here．
It?has?been?two?years?since?I?came?here．
我来这儿2年了。?????

用for或者since填空：
?She?has?been?ill?________?more?than?to?two?weeks.?
2.?I?haven’ t?met?him?__________?a?long?time.?
3.?Mary?has?been?here?___________?eight?o’clock?this?morning.?
4.?It?hasn’ t?rained?____________?two?months?ago.?
5.?They?have?been?my?friends?_________I?was?a?child.
答案：for , for , since , since , since

延续性动词和非延续性动词
1）、延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法：?
（1）非延续性动词与短暂性时间（点）连用。
?He?joined?the?league?3?years?ago.?他入团3年了。（他3年前入的团）?
（2）用“It?is/has?been?+?时间段+since…”句型。?
It?is/has?been?3?years?since?I?bought?the?book.这本书我买了3年了。（从买这本书到现在3年了）?
（3）用相应的延续性动词代替非延续性动词，句子用现在完成时，时间状语为“for+时间段”或“since+过去时间点”“since+过去时的从句”“since+一段时间+ago”。?
The?old?man?died?4?years?ago. =The?old?man?has?been?dead?for?4?years.?
I?borrowed?the?books?5?days?ago. = I?have?kept?the?book?since?5?day?ago.?

2）.现在完成时态中延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换：?
（1）非延续性动词也称为终止性动词、瞬间性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open，die，close，begin，finish，come，go，leave，move，buy，borrow，lend等等。?
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two?years?ago，at?5?o’clock，last?week等。?
如：I?lent?my?dictionary?to?her?yesterday.昨天我把词典借给她了。?
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，如：learn，study，work，live，know，walk，lie，keep，wait，watch，read，sleep，stay，sing，dance等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语：“for+时间段”“since+过去时间点”“since+过去时的从句”“since+一段时间+ago”，how?long等连用。?

3）.非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换：?
（1）转化为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时态。?
borrow—keep??buy—have??catch?a?cold—have?a?cold??put?on—wear?get?to?know—know??go?to?sleep—sleep?
(2)转化为“be+形容词/副词/介词/名词”。?
begin/start—be?on???go?out—be?out???get?to/arrive/reach—be?(in)?die—be?dead???open—be?open??
?leave—be?away???finish—be?over?fall?ill—be?ill???get?up—be????close—be?close???
become—be? fall?asleep—be?asleep??join—be?in/be?a?member?of??go?to?bed—be?in?bed
go?to?school—be?in?school????make?friends—be?friends?come/go—be+相应的介词短语


真题演练：
1.【河北】Don’ t?return?the?video?to?Peter,?I?______ it.?
?A.don’t?watch???? B.?won’t?watch? C.?haven’t?watched? D.?wasn’t?watch?
2.?【广东】一Your?shoes?are?so?old.?Why?don’t?you?buy?a?new?pair??????
一Because?I?______?all?my?money?on?an?MP5.?
? ?? A.?spend?????????? B.?have?spent????????? C.?am?spending????????? D.?was?spending??
3.【江苏宿迁】---Excuse?me,?is?Mr?Green?in?the?office??
---No.?He?_____?Singapore?for?a?meeting.?He?will?be?back?in?a?few?days.?
A.?have?gone?to?? B.?has?gone?to?? C.?have?been?to?? D.?has?been?to?
4.【江苏连云港】Julie's?father_______?to?London?last?month.?He?________?there?three?times.?????
?A.?went;?had?gone???????????????????????????? B.?has?gone:?has?been??????
C.?went;?has?been???????????????????????????? D.?has?been;?had?gone?
5.【江苏常州】---Why?are?you?worried??
? ---?I’m?expecting?a?call?from?my?daughter.?She?______?New?York?for?three?years.?
A?.has?gone?to??? B?.has?been?to??? C.?has?been?in??? D.?has?come?in?
6.【山东济南】—How?long?has?Robert?___________?????—Since?2004.?
A.?been?to?Beijing????????? B.?become?a?policeman?????????
?C.?joined?the?art?club??????? D.?studied?in?this?school?
7.【山东青岛】The?astronaut?is?so?tired?that?he?____?for?eleven?hours.?
A.?has?been?asleep? B.?has?fallen?asleep????
C.?has?gone?to?bed???? D.?has?gone?to?sleep?
8.【湖北孝感】—I’d?like?you?to?tell?me?something?about?Shen?Nongjia.?
—I’m?sorry,?but?neither?Jack?nor?I?______ there.?
A.?have?been?? B.?has?been? C.?have?gone? D.?has?gone?
9.【四川内江】?Through?he______ ?the?book?three?times,?he?hopes?to?read?it?again.??
A.?read?????????? B.?reads?????????? C.?has?read????? D.?would?read??
10.【山东日照，15】—The?paper?says?Iron?Man?3?is?on?this?evening.?Let’s?go?and?see?it.????
—But?I?________it.????
A.?see ?? ? B.?saw??? C.?have?seen? ? D.?will?see?
11.【山东淄博】---Where?is?Darning??
---He?________?the?teacher's?office.?He’ ll?be?back?soon.?
A.?has?been?to????? B.?has?gone?to??????? C.?will?go?to???????? D.?is?going?to?
12.【贵州铜仁】---Jane,?when?did?you?come?here??---In?2017.?I?___________?here?for?two?years.?
A.?have?been?to????? B.?have?gone?to?????? C.?have?come?? D.?have?been?
13.【贵州黔西南】?---Where?is?you?father????---He__________?Beijing.?
A.?has?been?to????????? B.?has?gone?to?????? C.?has?gone???????? D.?has?been?
14.【四川达州】We?__________?our?English?teacher?since?he?moved?to?Beijing.?
A.?didn’t?hear?from?????? ?? B.?haven’t?heard?from???????
? C.?didn’t?receive???????????????????? ?D.?haven’t?received?











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