2020年高考英语二轮语法复习学案讲练结合 专题二 名词（word含答案）

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专题二 名词
I、重点难点解析
名词的高考命题导向
名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用，之后不能＋s。有些抽象名词却有复数形式，但意义与原来的不同。有些可数名词复数有两个意思，一个与单数意义相同，另一个和单数含义不同，高考中这些含义很可能成为考查的内容。词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。
一 名词的分类及常见用法
可数名词 个体名词 teacher, student, piano 功能
集体名词 family, committee, people 名词在句中可做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、同位语或状语
不可数名词 物质名词 wood, water, steel
抽象名词 friendship, progress
专有名词 John, Smith, Beijing
名词所有格 一般由名词右上方+’s；以s结尾的名词单复数只加“’” 表有生命的东西或时间,空间,距离,价格,重量等名词的所有格 如：Women’s Day, an hour’s walk,students’ reading-room, today’s paper
介词of＋名词 无生命的东西的名词所有格 如：a map of China, the top of the mountain
可数名词的复数 规则变化 1.一般词后+s days, boys, Americans
2.s, x, sh, ch结尾+es buses,dishes;(stomachs除外)
3.辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es babies, factories
4.以f或fe结尾，变f/fe为v+es leaves,wives;(roofs,proofs, gulfs,beliefs,chiefs,staffs, safes除外)
5.以o结尾，有生命+es，无生命+s heroes,potatoes;pianos,radios(hippos, bamboos)除外
6.数字的复数+s或 “’s” in the 1930s/1930’s
不规则变化 1．改变词中元音字母 woman-women, goose-geese man-men,foot-feet,tooth-teeth
2．形式复数，意义单数 news,maths,politics, economics等
3．单复同形 means,deer,sheep,fish,works (工厂),species, Chinese等
4．其它 child-children, bacterium- bacteria,crisis-crises,ox-oxen,phenomenon-phenomena等
二 名词其他需要注意的几点：
1． 名词的数
1） 复合名词变为复数的规则
有主体名词的复数形式（lookers-on，passers-by等）和无主体名词的复数形式（grown-ups，go-betweens等）。
2） 集体名词的数
①有些集体名词只能用作复数。如：cattle，police，people等。
注意：people意为“民族；种族”时有单、复数形式。
②有些集体名词只能用作单数。如：machinery，furniture，jewellery，mankind等。
③有些集体名词作为整体看待时，用作单数；指其中各个成员时，用作复数。如：class
family，couple，audience，government，public等。
The whole family are watching TV now．全家人现在都在看电视。
His family is a big one．他家是个大家族。
3） 只能用复数形式的名词
由两部分构成的名词：glasses，trousers, shorts，scissors，gloves，scales，compasses等。
4） the +姓氏的复数，表全家人: the Blacks, the Wangs
5） 具有双重特性的名词
(1)意义不同的可数和不可数名词
a room房间一room空间 a chicken鸡一chicken鸡肉
an experience经历一experience经验an agreement协议一agreement同意
(2)单、复数意思不同的名词
arm手臂一arms武器 brain脑一brains智力custom风俗一customs海关
force力量一forces军队 regard注意,关心一regards问候 time时间一times时代 work工作一works作品,工厂manner态度一manners礼貌spirit精神一spirits心情,情绪 content内容一contents目录loss损失一losses损失物condition状况一conditions条件 expression表达一expressions短语feeling感觉一feelings感情wood木头一woods树林
2． 名词的所有格
1） 表示两者或两者以上共同所有，在最后一个词的后面加’s；表示各自拥有时，每个名词后都要+s”。如Li and Ma’s room李和马共有的房间; Li’s and Ma’s rooms李和马各自的房间
2） 表某人家或店铺，诊所。如：Li’s李家，the doctor’s诊所；the barber’s理发店
3） 所有格除了用于有生命的物体外，也可以用于表示国家、城市等的名词。如：
China's prosperity中国的繁荣 the country's plan国家计划
4） of所有格也可用于有生命的物体，用于名词较长或名词的定语较长时。
如：a story of a famous doctor一个名医的故事
the son of the man you iust talked to刚刚和你说话的那个男人的儿子
5） 双重所有格
“of +名词的’s所有格或名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格。of后的宾
语必须是人，而且是特指。如：
an old friend of my uncle's我叔叔的一个老朋友
a play of Shakespeare's莎士比亚的一部戏剧
some houses of my grandfather's我爷爷的一些房子
3． 名词作定语
1） 一般用单数形式。如：country music乡村音乐 shoe shops鞋店 traffic lights交通灯
注意：sports，customs，arms，clothes，sales, goods作定语时，要用复数形式。如：
sports meeting运动会 customs officiers海关官员 arms production武器生产
2） man和woman作定语时，与中心词一起变。如：
men doctors男医生 women teachers女老师
II、实战演练
一、用适当的词或所给词的正确形式填空：
1. There are fifty-six __________________ (people) in China.
2. We need much ______________ (room) for all the furniture.
3. This kind of dress was popular in the ___________________ (1980)
4. ______________ (girl) students and _________________ (woman) teachers are in the majority in our school.
5. There used to be a lot of milu ______________ (deer) in China.
6. These are art _______________ (work) of the Tang Dynasty.
7. _____________ (child) shoes are on the second floor of this store department.
8. We can see many _________________ (editor-in-chief) present at the conference.
9. I had my hair cut short at the _____________ (barber) nearby yesterday.
10. On the whole, he was a ______________ (fail) in his life.
11. We all know that _______________ speak louder than words. (act)
12. The exciting result filled us with _________. (proud)
13. Mary’s dress is similar in appearance to her elder ________. (sister)
14. The success of our experience is a great ____________ to us all. (satisfy)
15. He has never shown much _____________ for his wife’s feelings. (consider)
16. His __________ gave him great help in the exams. (fortunate)
17. Dr Smith is going to pull out one of my __________. (tooth)
18. He gained his _________ (wealthy) by printing _________ (work) of famous writers.
19. Once we make the _____________ (adjust) for inflation (通货膨胀), the fall in interest rates is quite small.
20. The ______________ (fascinate) lay in the mystery of what was inside the box.
21. Jack is an intelligent pupil, but he lacks ______________ (motivate).
22. You can then use this hut as a base for ______________ (explore) into the mountains around.
23. There is no direct _____________ (refer) to her own childhood in the novel.
24. There was a delay in the _____________ (depart) of our plane.
25. Many old people have a very limited ______________ (tolerate) to cold.
26. Her ____________ (influent) in English surprised all of us.
27. Can you tell me the ____________ (evolve) of the computer?
28. I want a job with good prospects for _____________ (promote).
29. The ____________ (major) of students find it quite hard to live on the amount of money they get.
30. The university welcomes ___________ from overseas students. He was one of 30 ___________ for the manager's job. (apply)
31. The gunmen will not escape ____________ (punish).
32. Normally he would have no __________ (object) to the whole world knowing his business.
33. It is unjust that a privileged few should continue the ______________ (accumulate) of wealth.
34. She took early ____________ (retire) (=retired at an earlier age than usual) last year.
35. A lot of people make the ____________ (assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World.
36. The no-smoking policy was introduced with little ___________ (resist) from staff.
37. He is an expert on Islamic ___________ (decorate).
38. Most of us like the ____________ (convenient) of using credit cards to buy things.
39. For some time he lived with the _____________ (expect) that he was going to die.
40. Bring some form of _______________ (identify), preferably a passport.
41. The prisoners continued to protest their ____________ (innocent).
42. Students will gain _____________ (compete) in a wide range of skills.
43. He's working on a screen _____________ (adapt) of his latest novel.
44. I would have no ___________ (hesitate) in recommending Philip for the position.
45. She felt a great sense of __________ (betray).
46. He received a 10 year prison sentence for armed ________ (rob).
47. He passes the ball with unerring accuracy.
48. Do you agree with Marx's __________ (analyze) of the failure of free-market capitalism?
二. 语法填空
Charles Pink was a young 1 (Canada) who had a good house and he knew how to enjoy himself. Every Saturday, he went to the theatre and 2 (party). His car was one of the best in his city. He had lots of money and one day bought 3 plane. He learned to fly and flying became one of his main 4 (enjoy).
One day about thirty 5 (yearly) ago, he set off in his small plane on a trip across 6 (Mexican). At first everything went well, but when he was over the part of the country 7 engine of the little machine failed.
Fortunately, Pink was flying at a good 8 (high) when the bad thing happened, and he had time to find a place to land. Below him he could see a number of 9 (field) which looked nice enough to land on, and he managed to bring his machine down on one of 10 .







答案：

（一）1. peoples 2. room 3. 1980s/1980’s 4. Girl, women 5. deer
6 works 7.Children’s 8. editors-in-chief 9. barber’s 10. failure 11. actions 12. pride 13. sister’s 14. satisfaction 15. consideration 16. fortune 17. teeth 18. wealth; works 19. adjustments 20. fascination 21. motivation 22. explorations 23. reference 24. departure 25. tolerance 26. influency 27. evolution 28. promotion 29. majority 30. applications; applicants 31. punishment 32. objection 33. accumulation 34. retirement 35. assumption 36. resistance 37. decoration 38. convenience 39. expectation 40. identification 41. innocence 42. competence 43. adaptation 44. hesitation 45. betrayal 46. robberies 47. accuracy 48. Analysis


（二）1. Canadian 2. parties 3. a 4. enjoyments 5. years 6. Mexico 7. the 8. height 9. fields 10. them














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