2020年高考英语二轮语法复习学案讲练结合 专题四 数词（word含答案）

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语法复习第四讲：数词
I、重点难点解析
数词是用来表示事物和数量的顺序的词，分为基数词和序数词两种。
基数词 功能 做主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语
读法三要点 A．记31个词：基数词1~19，20~29整十位数和hundred, thousand, million, billion
B．会读个、十、百位数
C．由右向左每三位数前的逗号分别读做thousand, million和billion,逗号之间的按百位以内的数读
注意 A．表示“几百”、“几千”时，hundred, thousand等词不加s
B．hundred, thousand等词为复数时做名词，表示“数量很多”的意思
序数词 构成 A．一般的基数词后+th，多位数的基数词只变最后一位。如：ten→tenth
B．整几十的基数词，去掉词尾的y再加ieth，如：thirty→thirtieth
C．几个不规则词：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth
功能 做定语，前面加the；年、月、日中的日；表示“第几”时；分数中的分母
一 基数词：表示数目的词为基数词，它的构成如下表：
范 围 特 点 实 例
1~12 无规律 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13~19 以teen为结尾 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20~90 以ty结尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21~99 十位与个位之间要加连字符 “-” twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine
101~999 百位与十位之间通常用and three hundred and twenty-five（美语中常将and省略）
千以上 6275—six thousand two hundred and seventy-five；1200—twelve hundred
二 序数词：表示顺序的数词为序数词，它的构成如下表：
范 围 特 点 实 例
1~19 各基数词尾加th 其中七个例外：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, 其余，如：four — fourth, six — sixth, nineteen — nineteenth
20,30~90 把y变i后加eth twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth
21以后多位数 最后一个数用序数词，其余用基数词 21st — twenty-first, 110th — one hundred and tenth
三 数词的用法：
1.英语中年月日、点钟、序数词、分数词、算式列表
汉语示例 英语表示法
时间表达 2001年6月30日 June 30,2001 30June,2001 30thJune, 2001
七点二十五分（7：25） seven twenty-five / twenty-five past even
十二点五十四分（12:54） twelve fifty four six to one
九点十五分（9：15） nine fifteen a quarter past nine
二点半（2：30） two thirty half past two
二十一点五十分（21：50） twenty-one fifty 9:50p.m.
数字表达 第二十一 twenty-first
第一百二十三 one hundred and twenty-third
二分之一 a half
二又五分之二 two and two-fifths
百分之二十 20 per cent 20 percent
编号表达 第七路公共汽车 Bus Number 7
第201房间 Room 201
人民路153号 153 Renmin Road
第三中学 No 3 Middle School
算式表达 4+8 = 12 Four plus eight is twelve
11－7= 4 Eleven minus seven is four.
6×5=30 Six times five is thirty.
20÷5= 4 twenty divided by five is four.
A＞B A is more than B.
A＜B A is less than B.
A≈B A is approximately (近似地, 大约)equal to B.
A≠B A is not equal to B.

2.约数表示法列表
含义 英语表达 例句
大于某数 more than He has lived here for more than twenty years.
over she is over fifty.
or more There're thirty people or more in the meeting-room.
小于某数 less than I have less than (not more than )fifty dollars.
under Children under seven are not allowed to enter.
below He would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars.
or less The coat might cost him sixty dollars or less.
大约（某数） nearly She is nearly fifty now.
almost It’s almost three o'clock.
up to Up to ten men can sleep in this tent.
or He spent four or five days writing the article.
or so The distance is twenty miles or so.
about I visited that village about three years ago.
some Their team has some four or five players.
more or less The container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water.
around/round Let's make it round/around eight o'clock.
3.不定数量词“多”的表示法列表
被修饰名词的数 英语表达 汉译
修饰可数名词 dozens of 几十、许多
scores of 许多
Many / a good(great) many, many a (饰单数可数名词) 许多、大量
hundreds of 数以百计
thousands of / thousands upon thousands of 成千上万
millions of 数百万
billions of 亿万
修饰不可数名词 much , a great (good)deal of , a large amount of ,large amounts of 许多、大量
修饰可数名词或不可数名词 a lot of / lots of ,plenty of, 　 a large quantity of , large quantities of 许多、大量
II、实战演练
一. 根据句意将括号内的汉语译成英语
1.It is not rare ________________（在九十年代） that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.
2.______________ （三分之二）of the land in that district is covered with trees.
3. Americans eat __________________ （两倍多的）as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
4.The earth is ______________ (49倍)the size of the moon.　
5.The grain output of this year is __________________ (高8%) than that of last year.
6._______________ ???（几百万）people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day.
7．The hero of the story is an artist ____________________ （三十多岁）．
8．Mr Smith asked me to buy _____________（两打）eggs for the dinner．
9．—Tell me where you live，please．
—I live____________________（在和平路123号）． 　
10. About ______________________ ( 三千人)took part in the demonstration against the war on Iraq.
11. The rice production has __________________________ (增加了 5.8%) this year.
12. There were fifteen presidents before Abraham Lincoln, so he was _____________ ( 第十六任)president.
13. It will take me ____________________________( 一年半的时间) to finish the course.
14. Is the Yellow River ___________________________(第二大河 )in China?
15. ______________________ (开始的三个部分 )of the text are rather difficult for us beginners.
16. I will stay here for _________________(一两天 ).
17. He lived in _________________________________(五楼506房 ).
18. The class was over. The students went out of the classroom __________________( 三三两两地).
19. At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _____________________ (三倍大) Great Britain.
20. You can find the answer to this question on ______________ (第七页).
21. We can go there on foot. It is only_________________________(五分钟的路程).
22. He served in the army in ____________________(20世纪40年代), when he was ___________________ (二十多岁).
23. He as been here for _____________ (两个半月).
24. The teacher asked us to write a __________________ (两千字) article.
25. Many scientists believe that oil was formed in the earth ____________ (数百万) years ago.
26. It will take _____________________(一年半) time to finish the course.

二．句子翻译
1. 十年前，我们村的人口是他们村人口的两倍。
__________________________________________________________
2. 据报道，美国所用的能源是整个欧洲的两倍。
_____________________________________________________________
3. 这个教室比我们的教室大五倍。
______________________________________________________________
4. 今年粮食产量增加了四倍。
_______________________________________________________________
5. 地球表面的三分之二被水覆盖。
________________________________________________________________
6. 40%的学生住校。
_________________________________________________________________
7. 不要每行都写，要隔行写。
__________________________________________________________________
8. 他是个7岁的孩子。
__________________________________________________________________







答案：


一． 1. in the 90s 2. Two thirds 3. more than twice 4. 49 times 5. 8 percent higher 6. Several Million 7．in his thirties 8. two dozen 9．at 123 Heping Street　10. three thousand people 11. increased by five point eight percent 12. the sixteenth 13. one and a half years’ time 14. the second largest 15. The first three parts 16. one or two days 17. Room 506 on the fifth floor 18. in twos or threes 19. three times as large as / three times the size of 20. page seven 21. a five-minute walk / a five minutes’ walk 22. the 1940’s; in his twenties. 23. two and a half months 24. two-thousand-word 25. millions of 26. one and a half years’

二． 1. Ten years ago, the population of our village was twice as large as that of theirs.
2. It is reported that the United States uses twice as much energy as the whole of Europe.
3. This classroom is five times bigger than ours.
4. The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
5. Two-thirds of the surface of the earth is covered with water.
6. 40 percent of the students live in school.
7. Don’t write on every line. Write on every other line.
8. He is a child of seven.














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