江苏省仪征市第三中学2020年七年级下英语 Unit2 Neighbours Task 导学案

七年级下英语 Unit2 --Task 1.0导学案
1、知识点解析
1.manager \?m?n?d??(r)\ 经理
用法解析：manager，n, 经理 manage，v, 设法完成 manage to do sth设法完成某事
general manager 总经理project manager 项目经理
sales manager 销售经理;营业主任department manager 部门经理
例：The chef, staff and managers are all Chinese.
厨师、工作人员和经理都是中国人。
I am the new manager and you will be working under me.
我是新任的经理，你们将在我手下工作。
例题训练：
1.The _____________(经理) in this company look so handsome.
2.经理现在不在办公室，我能为他传个口信吗？
答：1.managers 2.The manager isn’t at the office now, may I take a message for you?
2.office \??f?s\ 办公室
office worker 办公室职员，上班族
用法解析：office，n 办公室，办公楼 office worker 办公室职员
official, adj, 正式的，官方的，法定的 n, 公务员，行政官员
officer, n，高级职员，军官，公务员
例：He had an office big enough for his desk and chair, plus his VDU.
他有一间足以容纳书桌、椅子和视频显示器的办公室。
I'm an office worker. I work for the government.
我是上班族，我在政府机关工作。
Her husband served during the Civil War as an officer in the White Army.
她的丈夫在内战时期是一名白军的军官。
The President is in Brazil for an official two-day visit.
总统正在巴西进行为期两天的正式访问。
例题训练： 你的哥哥将来想要做什么？办公室工作人员。
答：What is your brother going to be in the future?---Office worker.
3.policeman \p??li:sm?n\ (policemen)警察
station \'ste??n\ 局，所，站
police station 警察局
用法解析：policeman, n，警察（男警察） 复数：policemen
police，n, 警察，警方 police station 警察局
station, n,局,车站
例：The police are also looking for a second car 警方也在寻找另一辆车。
The policeman noted down every word I said. 警察把我说的每句话都记录下来。
At last the train arrived in the station 火车终于到站了。
例题训练： Whose keys are these? They are those __________ (policeman)
答：policemen’s

4.postman \'p??stm?n\ 邮递员
post \p?ust\ 邮政
post office 邮局
用法解析：post，n, 邮政 v, 张贴，邮寄
postman, n，邮递员 复数：postmen post office邮局
例：I am watching for the postman all the time. 我一直在等候着邮递员。
You'll receive your book through the post 书会邮递给你。
5.company \'k?mp?n?\ 公司
用法解析：company, n， 公司;伴侣 复数：companies
例：Sheila found some work as a secretary in an insurance company.
希拉在一家保险公司找到一份当秘书的工作。
‘I won't stay long.’ — ‘No, please. I need the company
“我不会呆很久。”“别这样，求你了。我需要有人陪。”
例题训练：Most college students dream of working in big ___________（公司）like “Apple”.
答：companies
6.person \'p?:sn\ 人
用法解析：person，n, 人
用法辨析：person&people
1.people 表示“人”，是一个只表示复数意义的可数名词(注意不用词尾 -s)，可以说 some people(一些人)，many people(许多人)等，但不能说 a people 或 one people。
2. person 表示“人”，是可数名词，可以说 a person (1个人)或 three persons (3 个人)等。不过像 persons 这样的复数形式通常被认为是较文的正式说法，主要用于官方文件或通告等场合。如：
　　Seating Capacity：Twelve Persons 准坐 12 人
　　Persons wishing to enter this building must have permission.
希望进入这座大楼的人必须得到批准。
3. 在通常情况下，person 的复数一般都用 people 代之。如：
　　There was only one person there. 那儿只有一个人。
　　There were many people there. 那儿有许多人。
　　一般说来，除表示精确数目用 persons 外，要表示复数的人或大数目的人，通常都用 people。比如以下各句一般不用 persons 代之：
　　People say that he is a thief. 人们说他是个贼。
　　Many old people live alone. 许多老年人都独自生活。
　　Millions of people went to the South. 成千上万的人去了南方。
4. people 除表示“人”外，还可表示“民族”，此时为可数名词，其前可用不定冠词，也可有复数形式。如：
　　The Chinese are a hard-working people. 中国人是一个勤劳的民族。
　　The peoples of the world are against it.世界各国人民都反对它。
　　比较下面两句：
　　How many peoples live in Asia? 亚洲有多少个民族?
　　How many people live in the room? 这房间住了多少人?
7.job \d??b\ 工作
用法解析：job , n，工作（可数） work，n, 工作（不可数）
用法辨析：job与work的区别
两者作名词用，都可意为“工作”，但二者的用法有区别：
job指具体的职业或零工，是可数名词，复数为jobs.
例：I heard you had changed jobs. 我听说你换了几个工作。
work指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动，是不可数名词。
“一件工作”用“a piece of work”。
例：I have a lot of work to do today. 我今天有许多工作要做。
注：works是“著作，作品，工厂”的意思。
8.elder \'eld?(r)\ 年纪较长的，年长者
用法解析：elder, adj, 年长的，资格老的 n, 长者，长辈，元老
elderly, adj，上了年纪的，较老的 n, 老人
elder sister姐姐(法)
用法辨析：elder&older
这两个词均是old的比较级.在用法上有所区别.
elder表示“前辈的”、“年纪较长的”,仅用于同一家庭成员的比较；older则不限于此.例:My younger son is five and my elder son is nine.我的小儿子5岁,大儿子9岁.
Tom is two years older than I.汤姆比我年长两岁.
elder在句中只用作定语,不作表语；older两者皆可.例如：
例:My elder sister does her homework all by herself. 我的姐姐独自做作业.
His elder son got married last week. 他的长子是上星期结婚的.
I think his mother is older. 我认为他的母亲年龄大引起.
elder只能用来指人；older既可修饰人,也可修饰修物.
例： My elder brother joined the army when he was only fifteen.
我哥哥年仅15负就参了军.
This dog is older than any other dogs here.这条狗在这里是最老的一条.
I have a sister older than myself.我有位比我大的姐姐.
It is said Mr Chen is over ten years older than Mrs Li.
据说陈先生比李女士大10多岁.
9.by train\bus\ship\bike 乘火车\公交车\轮船\自行车
用法解析：by train /bus/ship/bike
注意：by +交通工具表方式时，交通工具不做任何变化。
①He goes to workby car every day, but this morning he goes there in a car.
②We can do it by hands or on foot.
跟by有关的词组：
by the time( of) …到---时by the end of 到…为止by the way 顺便说一下
by sb 被某人
例：The window was broken by a little boy.
By the time we got there, the man died.
By the end of last month, they have made hundreds of buildings.
10.future \?fju:t??(r)\ 将来
课本例句：What are you going to be in the future?
用法解析：future, adj, 将来的未来的 n, 将来 in the future在将来
例：He is making plans for the future 他正在为将来制订计划。
例题训练：

11.artist \?ɑ:t?st\ 艺术家，（尤指）画家
课本例句：I’m going to be an artist.
用法解析：artist, n, 艺术家 -ist名词后缀
类似名词：cartoonist: 漫画家dentist: 牙科医生journalist: 记者
tourist: 旅行者scientist: 科学家typist: 打字员
violinist 小提琴家physicist 物理学家
例：I'm not a good artist. 我不是优秀的艺术家。
例题训练：这些天, 艺术家们正在担心穿什么去晚会？
答：The artists are worrying about what to wear to the party these days
12.sound \sa?nd\ 听起来
课本例句：That sounds like a good idea.
用法解析： sound意为“听起来”，是连系动词，后面跟形容词作表语。sound还可与介词like一起构成短语sound like,意为“听起来像”。sound也可作名词，意为“声音”。
例：The story sounds very interesting. 这个故事听起来很有趣。
It sounds like a good idea. 这听起来像是个好主意。
The birds in the park make beautiful sound.公园里的鸟发出美妙的声音。
像sound一样，类似的连系动词还有:look意为“看起来”；smell意为“闻起来”；taste意为“尝起来”；feel意为“摸起来”。
用法辨析：sound，n. 声音，（大自然的声音） voice 人的嗓音（可数），
noise 噪音，（不悦耳的声音）（不可数）
例题训练：
We can hear the baby’s sound. It ______ a little cat.
A. sound B. sounds C. sound like D. sounds like
答：D
13.sick \s?k\ 生病的，恶心的
课本例句：I want to help sick people.
用法解析：sick, adj，意为“生病的；恶心的”.在句中可作表语或定语。
sickness, n，相当于illness。
例：He doesn't come to school today because he is sick.他今天没来上学，因为他生病了。
We should help the sick girl. 我们应该帮助那个生病的女孩。
She has to stay at home because of her sickness.她因为生病，不得不待在家里。
用法辨析：sick&ill
sick作形容词，可作表语，也可作定语，修饰名词；而ill只作表语，不能作定语，所以不可修饰名词，若ill作定语修饰名词，此时的ill意为“坏的”，相当于bad。
例：The little boy is ill\sick.
There are many sick people here.这儿有很多病人。
There are many ill people here. 这儿有很多坏人。
例题训练：
1.The man's mother is . -- He has to look after his mother at home.
A. bad, sick B. ill; bad C. ill; sick D. sick, ill
2.“Take this medicine and it will make you ______ better soon,” the nurse says to the ______ boy.
A. feel; sick B. to feel; sick C. to feel; ill D. feel; ill
答：1.C 2.A
14.notice \'n??t?s\ 布告，通知
用法解析：noticen. 布告，通知（可数）；注意（不可数）。
例：Please look at the notice on the wall.
v. 注意 notice sb do /doing sth 注意到某人做过或经常做/正在做某事
类似用法有watch、see、hear
例：Did you notice two boysplaying badminton when you walked past.
15.information \??nf??me??n\ 信息
课本例句：Please look at the information below.
用法解析：information，n, 信息（不可数）
news,新闻，消息（不可数） message，短信，信息（可数）
search for information查找信息
例题训练： Please look at the ________below. It may help you. (信息)
答：information
16.below \b?'l??\ 在…下面
课本例句：Please look at the information below.
用法解析：below, adv&prep, 下面,在...下面 反义词：above 在...上面
用法辨析：below&under
below指位置低于某物或在某物的下方，但不一定在某物的正下方，较为抽象。
例：His position in the company is below hers.他在公司的职位比她低。
The temperature today is below zero.今天温度低于0度。
under指在某物的正下方，有垂直在下的意思，其反义词是over
例：What's under the bridge?
表示数量，如表示年龄、物价等“低于”是，below和under通用
例：His father is below\under forty.他的父亲不到四十岁。
例题训练：.
Wendy lives on the tenth floor. Wilson lives on the eighth floor, so Wilson lives two floor____ Wendy .
A. under B. below C. above D. over
答：B
17.better \'bet?(r)\ (good/well的比较级)较好，更好
课本例句：They will make you feel better!
用法解析：better，adj, 更好的(good\well的比较级) adv,更好地（well的比较级）
例：I like green better.
We want to do the work better.
18.worry about 为...担心
课本例句：Are you worrying about what to wear to a party or how to design your home?
用法解析：worry，vi，“担心，担忧”，常构成短语worry about，意为“为……担心”。
worry，vt, 后常跟人作宾语，意为“使某人担心”。
worried, adj, 担心 be worried about，意为“为……担心”
例：You don't need to worry about your brother.你不必担心你的弟弟。
The bad boy often worries his mother. 这个不乖的男孩经常让他的母亲操心。
What a worrying piece of news it is! It makes all of us worried.
Jim, don’t worry about the result. I’m sure you will pass it.
例题训练：. I am _______ about how to learn English well these days. (担心)
答：worrying
19.design \d?'za?n\ *设计，构思
课本例句：Are you worrying about what to wear to a party or how to design your home?
用法解析：design, v, 设计，构思，n, 设计 designer, n，设计师
例：We may be able to design a course to suit your particular needs.
我们或许可以专门设计一门课程以满足你的特殊需求。
例句拓展：what\how to do的用法
what to do =how to do it如何做
例：I don't know what to do next.=I don’t know how to do it.
例题训练：我正在担心晚会穿什么，如何设计我的家。
答：I am worrying about what to wear and how to design my home.
20.group \ɡru:p\ 组，群
课本例句：All our group members know a lot about styles and colours.
用法解析：group, n, 组，群 a group of一群\组\队 in groups成群，分组
例：We often work in groups.我们经常分组工作。
A group of students are helping the old clean the rooms.
例题训练：我们所有的组员对颜色很了解。
答：All our group members know a lot about colours.