Unit 12 What did you do last weekend? 单元知识点讲义

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台



Unit 12 What did you do last weekend? 单元知识点讲义
一、重点单词



camp 扎营;扎帐篷
lake 湖，湖泊
beach 海滩，沙滩
badminton 羽毛球运动
sheep 羊，绵羊
as 作为，当做
natural 自然的
butterfly 蝴蝶
visitor 游客；访问者
tired 疲倦的
mouse 老鼠
baby幼小的
language 语言
high 高的（地）
ago 以前
India 印度
tent .帐篷
moon 月亮
surprise 惊奇，惊讶
snake 蛇
scared 惊慌的
move 移动
start 开始，着手
jump 跳跃
wake 弄醒，醒
forest 森林
27 .ear 耳朵













二、短语归纳
1. do my homework 做我的家庭作业 2. go to cinema 去看电影
3. go boating / camping 去划船 / 去野营 4. play badminton 打羽毛球
5. on Saturday morning 在星期六早上 6. work as 以……身份而工作
7. have a good weekend 周末过得愉快 8. kind of 有点儿
9. stay up late 熬夜 10. run away 跑开
11. shout at 对……大声叫嚷 12. fly a kite 放风筝
13. high school 中学 14. put up 搭起，举起
15. in the countryside 在乡下 16. get a surprise 吃惊
17. make a fire 生火 18. each other 互相
19. so… that… 如此……以至于…… 20. go to sleep 入睡
21. the next morning 第二天早上 22. look out of…向……外看
23. shout to 冲……呼喊 24. up and down 上上下下
25. wake…up 把……弄醒 26. move into… 移进……
27. a swimming pool 一个游泳池




三、句型集萃
.1.?go?+?doing?去做某事???????
?2.?play?+?球类?玩……球
?3.时间段+?ago?……前
keep + sb. / sth. + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 使……保持……
5. so + 形容词 / 副词+ that 句子 如此……以至于……
6. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
7. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
8. start to do / doing sth. 开始做某事
9.tell sb.sth.=tell sth. to sb.告诉某人某事
10.feel sb./sth. doing sth. 感觉某人/某物正在做某事

四、词汇、句型讲解及拓展
1. What did you do last weekend,Lucy ?路西，你上周末干什么去了？
【解析】last ★
（1）last 作形容词时，意为“最后的，最末的”或者“紧接前面的，刚过去的”。
Today is the last day in the year. 今天是今年的最后一天。
I didn’t sleep well last night. 昨晚我没睡好。
last作副词时，意为“最后地”，
I’m the last one. 我是最后一个。
last 做动词时，意思是“持续，继续，维持”等，
The hot weather lasted a week. 炎热的天气持续了一周。

2.I work as a guide at the Natural History Museum.我在自然历史博物馆做导游。
【解析】 as ★★
（1）as作介词时意为“作为”，其后多接表示职业、职务、用途、作用之类的名词。
He works as a worker. 他作为一名工人而工作。
　 　 I used one of my shoes as a hammer. 我拿我的一只鞋当锤子使。
（2）as还可以作连词，其后多接从句或介词短语。
　 　 All the six students do as the teacher says. 所有这六个学生都按照老师说的做。

3. I stayed up late to watch the soccer games .我熬夜看足球比赛。
【解析】stay ★★
（1）stay 不及物动词，意为“停留，逗留”，后常接介词短语表示停留的地点。
stay up 意为“熬夜；不睡觉”；stay up late 意为“熬夜，睡的很晚”。
It’s raining outside, so we have to stay at home.
外面正在下雨，因此我们不得不呆在家里。
Do you often stay up？ 你经常熬夜吗？
（2）stay 可以做连系动词，意为“维持，保持”，其后常接形容词作表语。
The weather will stay fine for several days. 天气将持续几天晴朗。
（3）stay 可以作名词，意为“停留、逗留”。
During my stay in Beijing, I had a good time. 我在北京逗留期间玩的很高兴。

4. There we put up our tents and made a fire to keep us warm and cook food on..在那里我们搭起了帐篷,生火取暖做饭。
【解析】 put up ★★★
put up意为“搭建，搭起”，着重指建造或搭起一个具有一定高度的具体的物体。在口语中set up与build也有此意。
It’s going to rain. Let's put up the tent. 天要下雨了，我们把帐篷搭起来吧。
【拓展】：put up还可意为“挂起，张贴；举起；抬起”之意。
Please help me put up the picture. 请帮我挂起这幅画。
If you know the answer, please put up your hands. 如果知道答案，请举手。

5. The next morning,my sister and I got a terrible surprise.第二天早上，我姐姐和我感到很吃惊。
【解析】surprise ★★
（1）surprise 作名词，意为“惊奇，惊讶, 惊喜”，作抽象名词时通常不可数，也可以具体化变为可数名词；get a surprise意为“吃惊”。
He gave me a surprise by arriving early. 他的早到让我吃惊。
（2）surprise 作动词，意为“使……吃惊/震惊”，后面常接人作宾语。
The news surprised us greatly. 这条消息使我们大为吃惊。

6. I was so scared that I couldn’t move.我是如此害怕以至于我不敢动了。
【解析】move ★★
move的用法比较多，现总结如下：
（1）move可作及物动词，意为“移动、搬动、使改变位置（或姿势）”。
He moved the sofa to the left. 他把沙发移到左边。
（2）move作及物动词，还可意为“感动、鼓动、激动”。
The speech moved them to tears. 那场演说把他们感动得落泪。
（3）move还可作不及物动词，意为“离开、动身迁移、搬家”。
He moved his family to a smaller house. 他把家搬到一个较小的房子里。
【注意】：
搬到某地常用move to + 地点，但当副词作地点状语时，此时可省略掉to。
【拓展】：
move house搬家 move to Paris搬到巴黎 move in搬进，迁进 move on 继续前进

7.We shout to our parents to let them know about the danger.我们呼喊我们的父母让他们知道这里很危险。
【解析】shout ★
（1）shout 作动词，意为“呼喊（叫），大声说，叫嚷”。shout at意为“冲……大声嚷”，方式比较粗鲁；shout to意为“朝……喊”，常因为距离远或者周围嘈杂而喊，目的让对方听见。
She shouted at the old man. 她大声呵斥那老人。
He shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人喊。
（2）名词，意为“呼喊，叫喊”。
What a terrible shout! 多可怕的叫喊声！

8.This woke the snake up and it moved into the forest near the lake.这惊醒了这条蛇，它就爬进湖旁边的森林去了。
【解析】 wake up＆wake…up ★

wake up wake up 意为“醒来”，是不及物动词词组，其后不能接表示人的名词或者代词。例如：The students usually wake up early. 学生们通常醒的很早。
wake…up wake sb. up 意为“把某人叫醒”，是指一方把另一方叫醒或者吵醒，wake和up之间加表示人的名词或者代词。例如： Don’t wake your father up. He’s too tired. 不要把你父亲吵醒。他太累了。

9. How interesting! 多么有趣啊！
【解析】这是一个感叹句，感叹句是用来表达喜怒哀乐等强烈情感的句子。感叹句一般用how或者what开头，句末加感叹号。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词或副词。具体句式如下：★★★
（1）what引导的感叹句：
1）What a(an)＋形容词＋可数名词的单数形式＋主语＋谓语！
What a clever boy he is！多么聪明的小男孩啊！
2）What＋形容词＋可数名词的复数形式＋主语＋谓语！
What interesting books the children are reading!
孩子们读的书多么有趣啊！
3）What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
What cold weather it is！ 多冷的天！
（2）how引导的感叹句：
1）How＋形容词或副词＋主语＋谓语！
How lovely the baby is！ 这孩子真可爱！（lovely为形容词）
How fast he runs! 他跑地多快啊！（fast为副词）
2） How＋形容词＋a(an)＋可数名词的单数形式＋主语＋谓语！
How heavy a box they are carrying! 他们抬的箱子多重啊！
3）How＋主语＋谓语！
How time flies! 时间过得多快！
练习：
_________clever?girl?she?is!??????
A. What?a????B. What?????C How?a?????D.?How?
_________interesting?story?it?is!???
A.?What?an?????B.?What?a?????C.?How?an???D.?How?
_______ beautiful?children?they?are!???????
A.?What??????B.?What?a??????C.?How?a????D.?How?
____flowers?they?are!??
What?beautiful??B.?What?a?beautiful??C.?How?beautiful??D.?How?a?beautiful?
_____?day it?is !????
A.?How?cold??????B.?What?cold????C.?How?a?cold??????D.?What?a?cold
______warm?weather?it?is?today!?Let’ s?go?climbing.?
A.What?a???B.How??C.How?a???D.What?
____sunny?day!.?Let’s?go?out?for?doing?sports.?
A.What????B.How?a???C.What?a????D.How???
______exciting?news!?We’ve?never?had?_____long?vacation?before.??
A.What;?such?a?????B.How;?such?a???C.What?an;?such?a?????D?what;?so?a???

10.－Who visited her grandma? 谁去拜访了祖母？
－Becky did. Becky去了。
【解析】本句的答语中的did是用来代替上文中的动词visited的。英语中为了避免不必要的重复，经常用do, does, did, so等来代替前面的动词或相关内容。 ★★★
－Do you like music? 你喜欢音乐吗？
－No, but my father does. （does= likes music）不，但是我父亲喜欢音乐。
－Do you think he is clever? 你认为他聪明吗？
－I think so.（so 代替he is clever）我认为如此。
－Did you pass the exam? 你通过考试了吗？
－No, but my friend Lily did. （did等于passed the exam）
没有，但是我的朋友Lily通过了。

11. But I was so tired that I went to sleep early. 我是如此的累，以至于我很早就睡了。
【解析1】 tired ★★
tired 形容词，意为“疲倦的，疲劳的，累的”，be tired of 意为“对……厌烦”。
tired 的反义词是tireless，意为“不知疲倦的”。
He looks tired today. 他今天看起来很累。
She was tired of watching TV. 她看电视看得厌倦了。
【拓展】tiring 指“令人困倦的，使人疲劳的，累人的”。
It was a long tiring day. 这一天让人感到又累又长。
【解析2】so… that…的意思是“如此……以至于……”，它引导结果状语从句。在口语中，so…that…的that常被省去。★★★
She felt so sad that tears came to her eyes．
她非常悲伤，泪水盈眶。
John was so drunk（that）he could not stand still．
约翰醉得站也站不住了。
He spoke so rapidly（that）we could hardly follow him．
他说得很快，我们很难听清楚他在说什么。

12. This was a very useful lesson for me. 这对我来说是个很有用的教训
【解析】lesson在本句中意为“教训，经验”，是可数名词。teach sb. a lesson表示“给某人一个教训”。learn a lesson意为“得到一次教训”。 ★★
That accident taught them a lesson. 那次事故给了他们一个教训。
You should teach him a lesson. 你应该教训他一顿。
【拓展】lesson作名词时还可以表示“功课，课”，多用复数形式，也可以指具体的“一堂课，一节课”，多用单数形式。
She gives the children lessons in music. 她给孩子们上音乐课。
They usually have four lessons in the morning. 上午他们通常有四节课。

13. Not really, but I visited my sister. 没什么，但是我去拜访了我的姐姐。
【解析】really是副词, 在此与否定词连用，起减弱语气的作用。not really意为“没有，没什么，不怎么” 等，相当于not very much. ★
例如： I don’t really agree with that. 对此我不太赞同。
－Did you enjoy that movie? 你喜欢那部电影吗？
－Not really. 不怎么喜欢。
【拓展】（1）really单独使用时，表示感兴趣或疑问、惊讶、恼怒等语气。例如：
－My grandfather bought me a new bike. 我外祖母给我买了一辆新自行车。
－Really? 真的吗？
（2）用于形容词或行为动词之前，表示强调，意为“真的，的确，确实”。例如：
She is really beautiful. 她的确很漂亮。
I really like English. 我真的喜欢英语。

五、语法归纳
一般过去时 ★★★
1. 用法：表示在过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。
2. 常用的时间状语，即标志词：yesterday, last night, last week, last year, last Monday, two days/years ago , just now, in 1999, at the age of 5, one day ….
3. 一般过去时态的“三变”技巧
1).一变：肯定句变为否定句
当句中含有情态动词could,would,should等时，可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。
I could get you a concert ticket.→I could not/couldn’t get you a concert ticket.
当句中含有系动词was,were时，可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。
I was on the Internet when you called me.
→I was not/wasn’t on the Internet whne you called me.
当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词（was，were）以外的动词时，在改动词之前加did not/didn’t,动词还原为原形，构成否定句。
The famous singer sang some Chinese songs.
→The famous singer did not/didn’t sing any Chinese songs.
2).陈述句变为一般疑问句
移动词语的位置。将was,were,could,would,should等移到句首。
He coould pack his things himself.
→Could he pack his things himself?
添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词（was,were)以外的词时，在主语之前加did，动词还原。
Mr. Li looked very old.→Did Mr. Li look very old?
3).陈述句变为特殊疑问句
确定疑问词：人who/whom,物what，地点where，时间when/what time,原因why，频率how often，长度how long，距离how far等。
They gave the concert last night. →When did they give the concert?
确认结构形式：疑问词+情态动词/助动词/was/were+主语+其他？
The accident happened near the station. →Where did the accident happen?

真题演练：
1. 【湖北黄冈】—Hey, Molly. You _____ on the phone just now.But you weren't here and the man left a phone number.
—Oh? I was in the library.
A. wanted B. are wanted C. were wanted D. have wanted
2.【湖南省岳阳】 The car _____ by the policeman because the driver was drunk.
A. stopped B. was stopped C. were stopped
3.【贵州黔东南州】I_ __to Rongjiang last year, but I________ never_________ to Chongjiang.
A. went; have, been B. will go; have, been
C. went; have, gone D. go; have, gone
4.【 烟台中考】The smile on Mother’s face suggested she_____.
A. was glad B. was surprised C. is pleased D. was annoyed
5.【陕西】A new club _____ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.
A. starts B. is started C. has started D. was started
6.【河南】—Have you heard of Earth Day?
—Yes. The first Earth Day _________ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.
A. celebrates . B. celebrated C. is celebrated D. was celebrated
7.【绵阳市】When I called the bus service, I ________ that there was no more bus.
A. was telling B. was told C. has told D. had told
8.【四川宜宾】My grandma ______ us stories when I was young.
A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling
9.【四川宜宾】 —Are you a soccer player in your school?
—Yes, I _____ the team two years ago. I ______ in the team for two years.
A. have joined; have been B. was joined; am C. joined; was D. joined; have been
10.【天津】 I have been to Shanghai. I ____________ there last month.
A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go
11.【浙江温州】— What did you do yesterday evening, Gina.?
— I _______ Titanic 3D in the City Cinema.
A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. will watch
12.【浙江宁波】 —Why is your bedroom so dirty?
—Sony, Mum. It _____________. I felt very tired after playing soccer.
A. isn't cleaned B. didn't clean C. doesn't clean D. wasn't cleaned







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