中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?单元知识点讲义
词性转换
Section A
wonder → (adj.) wonderful
I → (反身代词) myself
you → (反身代词) yourself
yourself → (pl.) yourselves
seem → (pt.) seemed
Section B
activity → (pl.) activities
decide → (n.) decision
try → (pt.) tried
bike → (同义词) bicycle
build → (n.) building
difference → (adj.) different
like → (反义词) dislike
below → (反义词) above
短语归纳
1.go on vacation去度假
2.stay at home待在家里
3.go to the mountains去爬山
4.go to the beach去海滩
5.visit museums参观博物馆
6.go to summer camp
去参加夏令营
7.quite a few相当多
8.study for为……而学习
9.go out出去
10.most of the time多部分时间
11.taste good尝起来很好吃
12.have a good time玩得高兴
13.of course当然
14.feel like感受到
15.go shopping去购物
16.in the past在过去
17.walk around四处走走
18.too many太多
19.because of因为
20.one bowl of一碗……
21.the next day第二天
22.drink tea喝茶
23.find out找出,查明
24.go on继续
25.take photos照相
26.something important重要的事
27.up and down上上下下
28.come up出来
29.seem to be 好像
30. ride bicycles 骑自行车
31. the top of the hill 山顶
三、句型集萃
buy sth for sb=buy sb sth为某人买某物
taste+形容词 尝起来…
look+形容词 看起来…
nothing…but+动词原形
除了……之外什么都没有
seem+(to be)+形容词 看起来……
arrive in+大地方/arrive at+小地方 到达
reach+地点;get to +地点
decide to do sth决定去做某事
try doing sth尝试做某事
try to so sth尽力去做某事
enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事
want to do sth想去做某事
start doing sth开始做某事
stop doing sth停止做某事
dislike doing sth不喜欢做某事
Why not do sth?为什么不做……呢?
so+形容词+that+从句 如此……以至于……
tell sb (not) to do sth告诉某人(不要)做某事
keep doing sth继续做某事
forget to do sth忘记去做某事
forget doing sth忘记做过某事
四、重点句子
1.Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假的?
vacation n.假期 通常指任何节假日或休假日,单复数均可,是美式用法。
holiday n.假期 指规定的不工作的日子,表示“假期”常用复数,是英式用法。
leave n. 指工作的请假或休假。
On holiday/ vacation 在度假 spend a holiday 度假
e.g.:在春节期间,学生们在放假。 During the Spring Festival, students are on holidays.
小强请了三天病假。 Xiaoqiang asked for a sick leave of three days.
Ex. 1. I think I’ll take a _______ this weekend. A. leave B. on holiday C. vacation D. vacations
2. Did you go anywhere interesting? 你去有趣的地方了吗?
Anywhere interesting 任何有趣的地方
Somewhere/ anythere/ nowhere something/ anything/ nothing somebody/ anybody/ anyone等都是不定代词。当有形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的后面。
一般情况下,some构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句;any 构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句。
不定代词在句中作主语,谓语动词一般用单数。
Ex. 1.【连云港】---Have you bought ________ for Linda’s birthday? ---Not exactly. Just some flowers.
A. something unusual B. anything unusual C. unusual something D. unusual anything
2. 【北京】Look! The clock has stopped. Maybe there’s _______ wrong with it.
A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing
3.【南京】I was looking for a birthday gift for my mother, but I couldn’t find ______ suitable.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
3. Long time no see. 好久不见。
这是一句直译式的英文,类似的表达“Good good study, day day up.”好好学习,天天向上。
e.g.:过得好吗,兄弟?好久不见! What’s going on, brother? Long time no see.
4. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. 大多数时间我只是待在家里看书和放松。
Most of the time 大多数时间 most的单复数概念取决于of后面的名词,谓语动词根据of后面的名词决定。
e.g.:我们学校大部分学生来自农村。 Most of the students in our school are from the country.
relax v.放松 relaxed adj.放松的 一般修饰人; relaxing adj.令人放松的 一般修饰物;
ex. 1.【2017乌鲁木齐】Listening to the ______ music always makes me _______.
A. relaxed; relaxing B. relaxed; relaxed C. relaxing; relaxing D. relaxing; relaxed
2.【2017昆明】—Where would you like to go this Mid-Autumn Festival? —I’d like to go _______.
A. everywhere relaxing B. somewhere relaxing C. peaceful anywhere D. peaceful somewhere
5.Still no one seemed to be bored. 好像仍然没有人感到无聊。
①bored 是形容词,“无聊的;无趣的”,常用来形容人; boring “令人厌烦的”常用来形容物。
e.g. 我变得很烦躁是因为这不无聊的电影。 I got very bored because of the boring movie.
[拓展]在英语中,有些动词的过去分词已经变为形容词,常见的有:lose →lost丢失的;please →pleased 高兴的;surprise →surprised 惊奇的;excite →excited 兴奋的; interest →interested 感兴趣的
Ex.---Would you like to go out for a walk? ---Good idea, and the TV programs are too _______.
A. wonderful B. interesting C. exciting D. boring
②seem意为“似乎;好像”,可作为连系动词或不及物动词,用法归纳如下:
1)“主语+seem+( to be) +表语”,表语多为名词或形容词。
e.g. 汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。 Tom seems (to be) a very clever boy.
2)“主语+seem+不定式”,此句型中seem与不定式一起构成谓语。
e.g. 格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。 Mrs. Green doesn’t seem/ seems not to like the idea.
3)“It seems that+从句”,其中it为形式主语,that引导主语从句。
e.g. 似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事情。 It seems that no one knows what happened in the park.
4)“there +seem to be +名词”,其中to be可以省略。Seem的单复数需要根据后面作主语的名词的单复数形式而定。
e.g. 看来我们战胜那个队没有多大希望。 There doesn’t seem to be much hope of our beating that team.
Ex. 1.Children seemed _________ eating something in the room.
A. that B. to C. to be D. /
2.They _______ to be teachers. They _______ very kind to the children.
A. look; seem B. appear; seem C. seem; look D. appear; look
6.It was wonderful! We took quite a few photos there. 非常美妙。我们还在那里拍了不少照片。
quite a few “相当多,不少”+可数名词复数。
e.g. 在我们班,我很有几个朋友。 I have quite a few friends in my class.
[拓展] a few, few, little, a little 辨析
a few “一些”+可数名词复数 few “几乎没有”+可数名词复数
a little “一些”+不可数名词 little “几乎没有”+不可数名词
ex. 【河北中考】We’d better wait _______ more minutes. I think Jeff will come soon.
A. a few B. few C. a little D. little
【铜仁】In?our?school,?______?students?like?English,?but?______?of?them?can?speak?English??smoothly.???
A.?a?little;?a?few???? B.?a?few;?few?? ??C.?a?few,?little??? ?D.?a?little;?few?
7.It was and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. 天气晴朗又炎热,于是我们决定到酒店附近的海滩去。
Decide v.决定;选定
Decide to do sth. 决定做某事= make up one’s mind to do 可以改写为decide+ that从句
Decide not to do sth. 决定不做某事。
Decide 名词形式为decision.
e.g. 他决定买一辆新车。 He decided to buy a new car.= He decided that he would buy a new car.
她决定不去北京了。 She decided not to go to Beijing.
Ex. 2017南宁中考】Goldilocks decided _________ for a walk in the forest.
A. go B. to go C. going D. goes
【甘肃白银】I haven’t decided when _______ a holiday yet.
A. took B. taking C. to take D. take
8.My sister and I try paragliding. 我和姐姐尝试了滑翔伞运动。
①try做动词讲,“尝试;努力”try to do sth. 尽力做某事; try not to do sth. 尽力不去做某事
Try doing sth. 试着做某事; try one’s best to do 尽某人最大努力做某事; try on 试穿。
e.g. 他正在努力花一匹马。 She is trying to draw a horse.
如果你告诉我你的困难,我将尽力帮助你。 If you tell me your difficulties , I will try my best to help you.
你想试试这件连衣裙吗? Would you like to try this dressing on?
做名词讲,“尝试,努力”。 Let me have a try. 让我试试。
Ex.【衢州】Many children are left alone in the countryside. Let’s try our best _______ them.
A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps
9.I wonder what life was like in the past.我很好奇这里过去的生活会是什么样的。
①做动词,“想知道;琢磨”,常接宾语从句。
e.g. 我琢磨着那是什么意思。 I wonder what that means.
②做名词,“奇迹,奇观”。
e.g. The Great Wall is a man-made wonder. 长城是人造的奇迹。
Ex.【2017武汉中考】---Is Kate serious? ---I _______ she never means it.
A. suppose B. agree C. believe D. wonder
10.What a difference a day makes!多么不同的一天啊!
①这是一个由what引导的感叹句,结构:what +(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!
e.g. 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩啊! What a beautiful girl she is!
[拓展]what引导感叹句强调名词,可强调可数名词、不可数名词或名词复数。How 引导的感叹句强调形容词。
e.g. 今天的天气真好! What fine weather it is!= How fine the weather is!
Ex.【黔西】—______ beautiful skirt! —Thank you.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
【黄石】_______ fun it is to have ice cream in hot summer!
A. What a B. How C. What D. How a
【安顺】_______ good time they had last weekend!
A. How B. What C. What a D. How a
11. And because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below. 并且由于这坏天气,我们看不见下面的任何东西。
Because of “因为…”+名词或代词= because+句子;
上面句子改写为:We couldn’t see anything below because the weather was bad.
e.g. Peter因为生病住院了。Peter stayed in hospital because of his illness. =because he was ill.
Ex.【2017玉林】_____ he exercises every day, ______ he is very healthy.
A. Because; so B. Because; though C. Because; / D. Though; /
【2017大连】Mark isn’t coming to the concert _______ he has got too much work to do.
A. so B. until C. although D. because
12.My father didn’t bring enough money, so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish.爸爸没有带足够的钱,所以我们只吃了一碗米饭和一点鱼。
①enough 做形容词讲,“足够的;充分的”,常与for或不定式连用,修饰名词,enough+名词;
e.g. 他有足够的前买一辆汽车。 He has enough money to buy a car.
②enough做副词讲,“十分地;充分地;足够地”;adj./adv+ enough;
e.g. 他的功课还不够好,还考不及格。She isn’t good enough for the exam.
Ex. I don’t know him _______ to ask him for help.
A. good enough B. enough good C. enough well D. well enough
【绥化】---How do you like the talk show?
---I think it’s ________, but some people think it’s so ________.
A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful enough; boring
【2017贺州】This movie wasn’t _______. He fell asleep half way through it.
A. interesting enough B. enough interesting C. interested enough D. enough intersted
五、语法归纳: 一般过去时
1.概念:表示过去发生的动作,常与过去的时间状语连用。
2.谓语构成:(1)动词的过去式(2)was/were
3.句式 :
(1)肯定句 主+动词的过去式+其他 主+was/were+其他
(2) 否定句 主+didn’t+动词原形+其他 主+wasn’t/weren’t+动词原形+其他
(3) 一般疑问句 Did+主+动词原形+其他? Was/Were+主+其他?
肯定回答 Yes, 主+did./ No, 主+didn’t. 否定回答 Yes, 主+was/were./ No, 主+wasn’t/weren’t
e.g. He went to the zoo yesterday. 昨天他去了动物园。 否定句:He didn’t go to the zoo yesterday.
一般疑问句:Did he go to the zoo yesterday? 肯定回答:Yes, he did. 否定回答:No, he didn’t.
Mary was born in Beijing. 玛丽在北京出生。 否定句:Mary wasn’t born in Beijing.
一般疑问句:Was Mary born in Beijing? 肯定回答:Yes, she was. 否定回答:No, she wasn’t.
(4)特殊疑问句由“疑问词+一般疑问句”构成,
He was born in 1985.→When was he born?
He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months. → How long did he hiccup?
He started hiccupping in 1992. → When did he start hiccupping?
4.用法:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
标志词:yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/month/year, in 2008, five days ago, once, at that time, just now等。
e.g. 我刚才去你班上了。 I went to your classroom just now.
我是两年前来到襄阳的。 I came to Xiangyang two years ago.
注意:两个或两个以上动词用and连接时,如果前一个用动词是一般过去时,那么后面的动词也要用一般过去时。
e.g. She put on her school clothes ad ran to the school.
实战演练:
1. 【湖南娄底】27. ---What did you do last night? ---I _________TV and read books.
A. watch B. watched C. have watched
2. 【重庆】27.— I called you yesterday evening, but you were not in.
—sorry, I _____in the shop with my mother.
A. am B. will be C. was D. have been
3. 【湖南邵阳】30.Do you hear___________ just now?
A. what I said B. what I'm saying C. what I says
4. 【河南】24. —What______ the noise, Bill? —Sorry, I broke my glass.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
5. 【浙江宁波】31. Tony _______ football every weekend when he was young.
A. plays B. played C. is playing D. has played
6. 【河北】37. Ken________ his jacket in the gym. He has to get it back.
A. left B. leaves C. is leaving D. was leaving
7. 【山东滨州】33. I know a little about Thailand, as I_______ there three years ago.
A. have been B. have gone C. will go D. went
8. 【四川泸州】8. Oh, you are here. I _______ you came back.
A. don't know B. didn't know C. haven't known D. won't know
9. 【内蒙古呼和浩特】2. —Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS! —Sorry, I ________it.
A. don’t see B. didn’t see C. haven’t seen D. won’t see
10. 【湖北武汉】28. — That’s a nice mobile phone. — It is. My aunt _______ it for my last birthday.
A. buy B. will buy C. have bought D. bought
不定代词
不定代词:不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。
(1)初中阶段常用不定代词:
some; any few; little noneoneother
many; much either; neither
each; every both; all
(2)普通不定代词的用法
①some 和any
Some和any均表示“一些”,可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词;some一般用于肯定句中,any多用于疑问句中、否定句和条件句中。但是,在表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时用some。
e.g: 教室里一个学生也没有。There aren’t ________ students in the classroom.
看,有几个男孩儿在踢球。 Look! Some boys are playing football.
你要喝咖啡吗? Would you like some coffee?
②many和much
Many修饰可数名词复数,much 修饰不可数名词,两者均可以与表示程度的副词so, too, as, how连用。
e.g. 他从来不吃这么多早餐。 He never eats so much breakfast.
你需要多少瓶水? How many bottles of water do you need?
(3) 复合不定代词
①初中阶段常用复合不定代词列表如下:
Somebody某人 Anybody 某人/任何人 Nobody 没有人 Everybody 每人
Someone 某人 Anyone 某人/任何人 No one 没有人 Everyone 每人
Something 某事 Anything 某事/任何事 Nothing 没有东西 Everything 每一件事
e.g.:你今天有什么特别的事要告诉我吗? Do you have anything special to tell me today?
同学们,听我说, 我有一些事情要告诉你们。 Listen to me, boys and girls, I have something to tell you.
②当句子的主语是指人的不定代词,如everybody,nobody,anyone等,其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词they; 但主语是指物的不定代词,如everything, anything,something, nothing时,反意疑问句主语通常用it。
e.g. Everybody is here, aren’t they?
Everything is ready, isn’t it?
③当形容词或else修饰不定代词something, anything,everyone时,形容词或者else必须放在这些词后面。
真题练习:
1. 【河南】At present, children mean _______ to most parents in China.
A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something
2. 【北京】Look!?The?clock?has?stopped.?Maybe?there’s?_______?wrong?with?it.?????
??A.?everything?????? ?B.?something???? C.?anything??? D.?nothing?
3. 【湖北咸宁】—Morning, class. Is ______ here today? —No, sir. Tom is absent. He is ill at home.
A. anybody B. everybody C. nobody D. somebody
4. 【苏州】This?work?needs?close?teamwork.?______?will?be?achieved?unless?we?work?well?together.?
A.?Nothing????? B.?Anything????? ?C.?Something?? D.?Everything
5. 【宜宾】_______ may have a chance to be successful if he tries his best.
A. None B. Nobody C. Somebody D. Everybody
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