高中英语人教新课标必修五-Unit 3 Life in the future 知识点学案（有答案）

Unit 3 Life in the future


【学习目标】
掌握本单元的常用词汇表达。
【学习重难点】
熟练记住常用词汇与词组。
【学习方法】
速读、细读、归纳、练习
【学习内容】
一、重点词汇
1. impression n. 印象；感想；印记
1）固定搭配：
make/ leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象
be under the impression that... 觉得；以为
make no impression on 对……无影响/效果
give sb. a favourable impression给某人以好的印象
First impressions are most important. 第一印象最重要。
his impression of her=her impression on him 她给他留下的印象
2）其动词形式impress用法：
impress 作“使（某人）印象深刻”时，常用结构有：impress sth. on/upon sb ./ impress sb. with sth .给……留下深刻的印象；使铭记；通常用于被动语态：be impressed by/at/with sth.或be impressed on one’s mind/memory。如：
The teachers were most impressed by your performance in the exam.
所有老师被你们的考试成绩所深深感动
His speech made quite an impression on the audience.
他的演说给听众留下了相当好的印象。
【即境活用】
1）________________________________ was favorable.他给我的第一印象不错。
(答案： His first impression on me / My first impression of him)
2) His trip to India made ____________________________________.他的印度之行对他的触动很大。
(答案：a strong impression on him)
3) He ____________________________with his sincerity. 他的真诚打动了她
(答案： impressed her )

2. previous adj. 先的, 前的; 事前的; 以前的
previous to 在……之前
previously adv. 先前地，以前地
1）He did better in his previous study.他在预习方面做得好。
2）His previous attempt was successful. 他以前的尝试成功了。
3）Previous to the conference we had discussed the matter.
在会议召开之前,我们讨论了这个问题.
【即境活用】汉译英
1）你以前有过这种工作经验吗？
_______________________________________________________________________________
2）来这里之前,我为你准备了文件.
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案： 1）Do you have any previous experience of this kind of job?
2）Previous to coming here, I prepared all the documents for you.

3. lack vt. 缺乏；没有
n. 缺乏；短缺的东西
lack sth.(wisdom／common sense／money缺乏智慧／常识/金钱)
lacking adj. 缺少的；不足的
be lacking in (courage／determination to do...) 缺乏做某事的勇气／决心
a／the lack of… ……的缺乏
for lack of 因缺乏……
have no lack of 不缺乏
1) You will not be lacking in support from me. 你将得到我的帮助
2) I lacked for nothing. 我不需要任何东西
【即境活用】
1）The trip was cancelled through___________________________.
因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。
（答案：through lack of interest.）
2）He ____________________________. 他缺乏信心。
（答案He lacks confidence.）

二、重点短语
1. take up 从事；占(时间、空间、注意力、等)；继续
[典例]
1)This table takes up too much room．这张桌子太占地方。
2)She has taken up a job as a teacher．她当上老师了。
3)This chapter takes up where the last one off．本章继续上一章的内容。
[短语归纳]
take off脱掉（衣服等）；起飞：打折：作为折扣而减价：
take over接管：获得对…的控制或管理
take apart拆开：分开后将…分成许多部分
take for把…视作：误认为
take …for granted认为……是理所当然
take down写下,记下
take back收回(诺言);
【即境活用】
1）Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ______ most of her day.
A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. puts up
答案： A
2）To keep healthy，Professor Johnson____ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.
A. took up B. caught on C. carried out D. made for
答案：A

2. lose sight of/ catch sight of不再看见....../ 瞥见……
[重点短语]
get／have(a)sight of 看见，发现
at(the)sight of 一看见
at first sight 乍一见
out of sight 不被看见，在视线之外
out of sight of 在……看不见的地方
in／within sight 被见到，在视线内
in／within sight of在……看得见的地方
【即境活用】
1）We___________________ several precious animals. 我们失去了很多的珍惜动物
答案： have lost sight of
2）乍看起来，这个问题好像容易 __________________________________________________.
答案：At first sight, the problem seems easy.
3）小岛仍然可以看的见 _____________________________________.
答案：The small island is still in sight
4）一看见老师男孩就跑掉 ________________________________________________.
答案：At the sight of the teacher, the boy ran away.

3. sweep up打扫；横扫
sweep aside放[堆]到一边, 不予理会
sweep away扫清, 迅速消灭, 肃清, 冲走
sweep off扫清; 吹走; 大量清除
sweep out扫掉; 清除
sweep over将...一扫而光
【即境活用】选择短语并用恰当的形式填空。
1) After the party, the house needed ____________.
2) The leaves were _________ into the air by the strong wind.
A. sweep off B. sweep over C. sweep up D. sweep out
答案: 1. sweeping up 2. swept up

三、重点句式
1. The air seemed thin ,as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.
空气似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。

① It looks as though they have succeeded in the experiment .
看起来好像他们的实验成功了。
② She talks about Hong Kong as though she had been there before.
她说起香港好像她以前去过似的。
③ The boy is running here and there as though searching for something.这男孩跑来跑去好像在找什么东西。
④ The old man set upon the thief as though mad.
那位老人发疯似地扑向小偷



1. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.
由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛

① Dealt with in a proper way, waste can be turned into useful things.
如果处理得当，废品也可转化成有用的东西
② United ,we stand ;divided ,we fall.(=If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.)
合则立，分必垮。
③ The table set ,they began to dine.
摆放好书桌子，他们开始吃饭了。
④ He stood there silently, moved to tears.
他沉默地站在那儿，感到地留下了眼泪。
【即境活用】
_____ in a traffic jam, students of a college in India answered their exam papers on the school bus.
A. Having caught B. Be caught C. Being caught D. Caught
【解析】选D。句意：在印度一所大学里的学生由于堵车原因在公交车上进行考试。考查分词短语作状语，改为状语从句后，应为：Because they were caught in a traffic jam, students of a college in India answered…

四、语法精讲
过去分词作状语和定语
一、过去分词?
过去分词有两大特点：一是表被动的概念；二是表动作已完成。过去分词在句中可用作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者
二、过去分词作状语的用法?
过去分词或过去分词短语常用于以下几种状语：
分类 说明 举例
时间状语 可用于时间状语从句，也可在过去分词前加上连词“when，while，until”等，使其时间意义更明确 1）Seen from the hill，the park looks very beautiful.=When it is seen from the hill，the parks are very beautiful.从山上看，这个公园非常美丽2）Don't speak until spoken to.=Don't speak until you are spoken to.当别人和你讲话时，你才能讲话
原因状语 可用于原因状语从句或并列结构 Touched by his teacher's words，the boy cried.=The boy was touched by his teacher's words, so he cried.这个男孩被老师的话打动了，所以他哭了
条件状语 可加连词if，unless等转换成条件状语从句 Given more time，we could do it much better.（=If we were given more time，we could do it much better.）多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好
让步状语 有时可加although，though，even if，even though，whether...or等连词转换成让步状语从句 Though warned of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields.=Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.虽然农民们已被告知将有风暴，但他们仍然在地里干活
方式伴随状语 加and可转换成并列结构从句 The teacher entered the classroom，followed by a group of his students.=The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students.老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生
三、学习过去分词作定语时，注意过去分词所在的位置
单独的过去分词作定语 常常置于其所修饰的名词前 You should improve your spoken English.
过去分词短语作定语 常常置于其所修饰的名词后 He is a teacher respectedby all his students.
不及物动词的过去分词作定语 当与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，必须在该动词后使用必要的介词 He is the student laughed at by all people just now.

【典型例题】
1．Most of the artists ____________ to the party were from South Africa．
A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．had been invited
【解析】选A。句中的most of the artists与invited之间是被动关系，故应选用过去分词，相当于who were invited。
2．The computer center，____________ last year，is very popular among the students in this school．
A．open B．opening C．having opened D．opened
【解析析】选D。根据句中的last year可知，the computer center去年就开业了，表示完成的动作；而且open与the computer center又存在被动关系，句意为：去年开办的计算机中心在这所学校里受到学生们的欢迎。
3．The research is so designed that once ____________ nothing can be done to change it．
A．begins B．having begun C．beginning D．begun
【解析】选D。once begun在句中作条件状语，它是状语从句once it is begun的省略形式，句意为：这项调查研究事先计划的如此完好，以致于一旦开始，什么也无法改变它
4．Generally speaking, ______according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
【解析】选B。完整的说法应是when the drug is taken according to the directions,…由于主句的主语和从句的主语相同，因此可以省略从句的主语the drug和谓语的一部分is,答案为B。当然也可以省去when

【达标检测】
语法专练
1. A cool rain was falling with snow causing heavy traffic．
A．mixed B mixing C．to mix D．having mixed
2. The No. 5 subway line, in October, 2007, has greatly improved the traffic conditions in Beijing.
A. opened B. was opened C. being opened D. to be opened
3. Some medicine, when wrongly , can kill a person.
A．take B．taking C．taken D．to take
4. From the school name on the package, we guessed that it might belong to a student of our school.
A. to mark B. marking C. marked D. having been marked
5. --- How are they getting on with their work?
---All goes well as ____.
A. planned B. to be planned C. planning D. being planned

高考真题
1. Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
【解析】 选C。考查虚拟语气。句意为：或许要是那时我学的是理科而不是文学，我就能给你更大的帮助。根据从句时间状语then,可知if条件句表示与过去事实相反，要用过去完成时（had done），故选C。
2. When Alice came to，she did not know how long
she there．
A．had been lying B．has been lying
C．was lying D．has lain
【解析】选A。考查时态。句意：当Alice苏醒过来时，她不知道她已经在那儿躺了多长时间了。根据句意以及时间状语从句中的谓语的时态，可知此处要用过去完成时。
3. More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities space.
A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of
【解析】选C。考查介词短语。句意为：“因为缺少空间，越来越多的高层建筑在城市中被建造。”A项意为“寻找……”；B项意为“代替，替代”；C项意为“缺乏，短缺”；D项意为“担心，害怕”。据句意可知，C项符合。
4.The workers ______ the glasses and marked on each box “ This Side Up”
A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed
【解析】选D。句意：工人们把玻璃制品包装好并且每个盒子上标记上“此面向上”。考查词义辨析。Carry“搬运”，deliver“递送”，press“按，压”，pack“打包”。
5. A great number of students said they were forced to practice the piano.
A. to question B. to be questioned
C. questioned D. questioning
【解析】选C。考查过去分词作定语。question与students 存在被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。
6. We tried to find a table for seven，hut they were all .
A. given away B. kept away
C. taken up D. used up
【解析】选C。本题考察动词短语的区别.give away泄露,捐赠. keep away,控制在外. take up占据.use up用光,用尽.

综合智能检测
1、 听力（略）
1、 单项选择
21. Obama, the first black president in American history, _____ presidency on January 20th, 2009.
A．held up B．took up
C．picked up D．set up
22. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a of exercise.
A. limit B. lack C. need D. demand
23._____with this challenge, he should meet it without any hesitation.
A. Facing B. Having faced C. Being faced D. Faced
24. In summer, food will go bad if in room temperature.
A．leaving B．left C．being left D．having left
25. —What kind of food do you prefer?
?—______ but Japanese.
? —How about Korean, then?
A. Something B. Nothing
C. Anything D. Everything
26. The old man was very angry when he_____ his daughter dancing with a middle-aged man last night.
A. caught the sight of B. caught sight of
C. caught a sight D. caught sight
27. ________ to the trial, this small electronic device was only developed for military use.
A. Superior B. Fundamental C. Previous D. Accessible
28. The old man volunteers to____ the fallen leaves in the street every autumn.
A. sweep aside B. sweep up
C. clear up D. make up
29. The county, ________ in the north of Shanxi, has a history of more than 1,400 years.
A. located ? B. to be located C. being located D. locating
30. —You must do as I told you.
—__________I don't ?
A. What if B. How come C. What about D. Only if
31. As young people, we mustn’t ______ the good traditions _____ from one generation to another.
A. catch sight of; passing down
B. lose the sight of; passing down
C. lose sight of; passed down
D. catch the sight of; passed down
32.—Could you be so kind as to close the window?
— ______ .
A. With pleasure B. Go ahead
C. Yes, please D. That’s nice of you
33. You see the lightning _____ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.
A. for an instant B. on the instant
C. in a instant D. the instant
34. --- What did you think of her oral English?
--- I was very ______.
A．impressed B．inspired
C．addictive D．admirable
35. He had his camera ready, ______ he saw something that would make a good picture.
A．in case B．the moment C．on condition D．as if
三、完形填空
A mother and daughter living in my community are two of the most unfriendly people I have ever come across in my life. They are totally separated, mixing with 36 . As they drive past 37 they keep their eyes looking away and make no sign of acknowledgement. The only fame they have is making a nuisance (讨厌的人) of themselves to the local police station by 38 music played too loud, dogs barking more than once a day and any other petty 39 gripe (把柄).
On moving into this neighborhood, I was 40 of these two but decided I would make up my own mind. This proved quite a 41 to me as more than once either the mother or the daughter would knock on my door and blast (猛烈抨击) me with some 42 or other.
I 43 answered politely and made sure I 44 as they went past my place and also made the effort now and then to make a kind remark?about their garden or pets.
Time passed and in October, as part of the kindness rock give (送爱心石活动), Maureen and I 45 to place a kindness rock in their garden. Their 46 remained unchanged, however, and I continued to be as friendly as possible. During the Easter give, we decided once again to 47 these two unhappy ladies to our list and left a packet of cookies on their 48 .?Imagine my 49 when two days later they 50 at my gate and jokingly said they are considering hanging their Christmas stocking on their gate, and they 51 me a bunch of flowers!
So, my fellow gifters, do not 52 on your random gifts of kindness. You may never know just what this 53 to others, nor how many broken or 54 hearted people you may just change with a simple act of 55 .
36. A. nobody B. someone C. anyone D. nothing
37. A. ladies B. neighbors C. friends D. relatives
38. A. composing B. requesting C. reporting D. explaining
39. A. important B. easy C. interesting D. little
40. A. accused B. warned C. reminded D. convinced
41. A. challenge B. job C. task D. matter
42. A. jokes B. advice C. explanation D. complaint
43. A. seldom B. never C. always D. sometimes
44. A. waved B. stared C. noticed D. laughed
45. A. started B. continued C. mentioned D. decided
46. A. smile B. attitude C. decision D. anger
47. A. add B. recommend C. reduced D. drove
48. A. place B. roof C. gate D. fence
49. A. interest B. smile C. surprise D. face
50. A. whispered B. stopped C. shouted D. wandered
51. A. brought B. wished C. threw D. expected
52. A. take in B. take up C. give in D. give up
53. A. refers B. means C. relates D. contributes
54. A. kind B. light C. hard D. warm
55. A. sorrow B. hope C. imagination D. kindness

四、阅读理解
A
（2010·北京市东城区高三一模）
A gadget which makes water out of air could become the greatest househo1d invention since the microwave.
Using the same technology as a dehumidifier（除湿器），the Water Mill is able to create a ready supply of drinking water because it can always get it from an unlimited source—the air．
The company behind the machine says not only does it offer an alternative to bottled water in
developed countries, but it is a solution for the millions who face a daily water shortage．
The machine works by drawing in wet air through a filter（过滤器）and over a cooling instrument which changes it into water droplets．It can produce up to 1 2 liters a day．The Water Mill will also produce more water when storms pass over, as the amount of water which is contained in the air increases. In keeping with its eco-development, the machine uses the same amount of electricity as three lights.
Inventor Jonathan Ritchey said: “The demand for water is off the chart. So people are looking for freedom from water distribution systems that are shaky and unreliable.”
The machine, which is about 3 feet wide, is likely to cost ￡800 when it goes on sale here in the spring. Its maker, Canadian Firm Element Four, roughly calculates that a liter of water cost around 20p to produce.
Environmentalists state that half the world’s population will face water shortage because of climate change by 2080. One in five is said to lack access to safe drinking.
The Water Mill is not effective in areas where the amount of water contained in the air is below about 30 percent, but in Britain that won’t be much of a problem.
56．What does the underlined word “it” refer do?
A．Drinking water. B．Invention. C．Microwave. D．Water Mill.
57．What do we learn about the machine?
A．It works in the same way as microwaves.
B．It is very expensive for families to afford.
C．It absorbs steam and turns it into water.
D．It helps to make the water clean to drink.
58．What does the passage lead us to believe?
A．The cost of water will go up. B．Bottled water will disappear sooner.
C．The machine is energy saving. D．The machine will be popular worldwide.
59．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．A New Way to Solve Water Problem. B．A Machine to Make Water out of Air.
C．A Dehumidifier to Produce Water. D．An Absolutely New Invention
B
Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. Sometimes it’s a hot topic discussed by people.
The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two killers. And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology is applied, not only these two diseases can be cured completely, bringing happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved, therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, human life span(寿命)can be prolonged.
Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English imperial(皇帝的)family being a good example, have hereditary(遗传的)diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. Scientists just need to find the wrong gene and correct it, and a healthy child will be born.
Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture(生产)human beings in large quantities. In the past few years, scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep; therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way. Of course, the governments must take care to control gene technology.
60. What does "these two killers" in the second paragraph refer to?
A. Gene technology and another treatment of the two diseases.
B. The two murderers who killed the cloned baby.
C. The two diseases of cancer and heart disease.
D. Hereditary diseases and cancer.
61. What’s the main idea of the third paragraph?
A. Gene technology can help people to give birth to a baby.
B. Gene technology can be used to clone human babies.
C. How gene technology can be used to treat hereditary diseases.
D. Gene technology can solve all the problems of the English imperial family.
62. In what way can gene technology help to treat hereditary diseases?
A. Gene technology helps people with hereditary diseases to live longer.
B. Using gene technology, scientists find the wrong gene and correct it.
C. Using gene technology, human babies can be cloned.
D. Doctors can cure cancer and heart disease with the help of gene technology.
63. What is the main purpose of writing this passage?
A. Expressing the writer's idea that gene technology will benefit people.
B. Telling people the advantages and disadvantages of gene technology.
C. Telling the readers that gene technology will not benefit people.
D. Explaining that gene technology will also do harm to the humanity.

五、短文改错
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个钩(√)；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：
此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
Dear editor．
I worry about whether I can find suitable job when I 1.
graduate from university because that I' m not a sociable 2.
girl. I spent most of my own time on my study, so I have 3.
only a few friends. It’s difficulty for me to communicate 4.
with boys and girls .Though I try to get along well with them, 5.
I cannot express me well. Sometimes I even don’t know 6.
what I should speak when I am with boys or teachers. 7.
I have lost much chances to change my life because 8.
of my character. I want to become a sociable girl and it is 9.
not easy. I hope that I can get some advices from you. 10.
Li Hua
六、书面表达
随着科技的发展，网络进入我们的日常生活，因此网上购物变得越来越普遍。《21世纪报》就网上购物进行了讨论，请你根据以下内容为其投稿。
1．网上购物的优势：
足不出户就可以满足购物要求；商品价格相对便宜；操作简单。
2．网上购物的不足：
商品存在质量隐患；广告的可信度不确定；容易上当受骗。
3．你的观点：
注意：l.词数100左右；2.短文的开头已给出（不计入总词数）。
参考词汇：quality质量
With the development of science and technology, the Internet comes into our everyday life. It helps us in many ways. Shopping: online is a good example.……



参考答案
二~四
21【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：奥巴马，美国历史上第一位黑人总统，于2009年1月20日就职。take up“从事；开始”， take up presidency“开始总统任期”，符合句意。hold up“举起；支撑；耽搁”；pick up“拾起，捡起”；set up“建立，创立”。
22-25 BDBC
26【解析】选B。catch sight of为固定搭配，意为“发现，看到”。句意：昨天晚上看到女儿和一个中年男子跳舞，老人非常生气。
27C
28【解析】选B 。sweep aside“不予理会”；sweep up“打扫”；clear up“澄清，解释，天气变晴”；make up“弥补；编造；化妆；组成”。句意：这个老人每年秋天都义务打扫街道上的落叶。
29-30 AA
31C
32【解析】选A。考查交际用语。题目中的语境为请求帮助，with pleasure很乐意，符合语境。
33-35 DAA
36—40 ABCDB
41—45 ADCAD
46—50 BACCB
51—55 ADBCD
56~59 ACCB
60-63 CCBA
五、
1. find后加上a 2. 去掉that 3. spent→ spend 4. difficulty→ difficult
5.√ 6. me→ myself 7. speak→ say 8. much→ many
9. and→ but 10. advices→ advice
六、
One possible version:
With the development of science, the Internet has come into our everyday life. it helps us in many ways. Shopping is a good example. We can buy the things we want on the Internet without leaving our homes. Shopping on the Internet can save us a lot of time. What’s more, the goods may be even cheaper than those in shops.
Though it is convenient and fast to shop on the Internet, there is still something for us to worry about. Quality is a big problem. We can’t see the goods on the Internet. After all, we can’t choose them ourselves. Besides, lots of advertisements on the Internet are untrustworthy, so sometimes we are easily cheated.
Therefore, we should be careful while we’re enjoying the convenience of high technology.