高中英语人教新课标必修五 Unit 2 The United Kingdom 知识点学案（有答案）

Unit 2 The United Kingdom


【学习目标】
掌握本单元的常用词汇表达。
【学习重难点】
熟练记住常用词汇与词组。
【学习方法】
速读、细读、归纳、练习
【学习内容】
一、重点词汇
1. convenience n. 便利, 方便, 有益, 有用的, 方便的用具
【归纳】
Inconvenience n． 不方便
convenient adj． 便利的，适宜的
at one's convenience在某人方便的时候
for one's convenience(of)为了某人的方便
for convenience's sake为了方便起见
make a convenience of …利用
1) We bought this house for its convenience．我们买下这所房子是为了方便。
2) Please come at your convenience．请在你方便的时候来。
3) Gas is one of the modern conveniences the newly-built apartment building provides．
这幢新造的公寓大楼装有煤气等现代化设备。
【即境活用】Will you drop in at my house this afternoon if __________?
A. it is convenient to you B. you are convenient
C. it is convenient of you D. you will be convenient

2. attract vt. 吸引；引起注意吸引；引起注意吸引；引起注意吸引；引起注意

① The story has attracted a lot of interest in the media.
该故事引起了传媒的广泛关注。
② What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel.
这份工作最吸引我的是有旅游的机会。
③ The television has little attraction for me. 电视对我没有什么吸引力


3. arrange v. 筹备；安排；整理；布置；排列

① I’ve arranged for the window cleaner to come on Thursday.
我已安排好一个窗户清洁工星期四来。
② Have you arranged to meet Mark this weekend?
你安排好了这周末与马克会面吗？
③ The local newspaper made arrangements for an interview with Professor Stein。
当地报纸安排对斯坦教授进行专访。


4. delight n. 快乐，高兴，喜悦
vt. & vi. (使)高兴，(使)欣喜

① Chris delights in teasing his sister.
克里斯特别喜欢戏弄他妹妹。
② Much to our delight, everything goes well.
使我们高兴的是，一切进展顺利。
③ Thank for the invitation .I’d be delighted to come.
谢谢你的邀请，我很乐意前来。
④ My brother is a delightful young man.
我弟弟是一个令人快乐的年轻人。

二、重点短语
1. consist of 由……组成

① The world consists of seven continents.
世界是有七大洲组成。
② The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.
这个计划妙在简明扼要。
③ We should do this: what we say is consistent with what we do.
我们应这样做：言行一致。


2. leave out省去,遗漏
1) You have left out the most important word in this sentence．
你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词。
2) Don't leave me out when you invite people to your party．
当你邀请人们去参加晚会时，别把我漏掉了。
【相关短语】
leave for 动身到(某处)
leave alone不管;撇下…一个人
leave aside搁置
leave behind遗忘;遗留
【即境活用】请填人适当的介词或副词：
1) They were left ______ in the wilderness.
2) He was asked to make up the information left ______ by the leader.
Keys: 1) alone 2) out

3. take the place of代替,取代
1) In the future, natural gas will take the place of petrol as the major fuel.将来天然气会代替汽油成为主要的能源。
2) I'll take the place of Mr．Lin next week．=I'll take Mr．Lin's place next week．
下周我将代替林老师。
【相关短语】
take place发生；举行
take one's place就位；代替某人
in place of (= instead of)代替
in place在适当的位置
out of place不得其所，不适当地
in the first place首先
from place to place到处；各处
【即境活用】用place的相关短语填空
1) A sudden accident _______ in the street last evening.
2)She likes everything _______ before she starts to work．She hates a mess．
Keys: 1) took place 2) in place

4. break down损坏，跨，压倒，分解
1) The bridge broke down．桥塌了。
2) The engine broke down．发动机坏了。
3) He has broken down from overwork．他因工作过度而累垮了。
4) Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen．水可以分解为氢和氧。
5) The plan to build another chemical work has broken down because it will cause serious pollution．再建一个化工厂的计划失败了，因为这将引起严重的污染。
【相关短语】
break away from摆脱，脱离
break in闯入；插话
break into闯入；破门而人；打断(谈话)
break off中止；折断；打折
break out爆发；突然发生
break through突破；冲垮
break up分解；(使)结束;分开,分离
【即境活用】
1. It is wrong of him to ___________all his friends.
A. break off B. break into C. break down D. break away from
答案：D
2. News reports say peace talks between the two countries_____________ with no agreement reached.
A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken up
答案：D

三、重点句式
To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg. The currency and international relations),but they still have different institutions.
值得赞扬的是，这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作。例如在货币和国际关系方面；但是有些制度仍然区别很大。
“do/does/did+动词原形”用于肯定陈述句中，加强语气
① Do come this evening.
今天晚上一定要来。
② He did write to you last week.
他上周的确给你写信了。
③ Tom does study hard now.
汤姆现在学习真的很努力

四、语法精讲
The Past Participle（2）as the Object Complement
过去分词（2）作宾语补足语
英语中，过去分词可以用作宾语补足语。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：
　　She found the door broken in when she came back.?
她回来时发现有人破门而入。?
(此句中过去分词作宾语补足语，与宾语door之间具有被动关系，表示一种状态。)?
为了使同学们对过去分词作宾语补足语的用法有一个系统而又具体的认识，本文对以下几种用法进行分析并加以概括，以利于大家掌握
解释 例子
过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep，leave等的后面。 ①They kept the door locked for a long time.他们把门锁了好长一段时间。②Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.不要让窗户一直像这样破着。
“have+宾语+过去分词”可以表示两种含义。 ①表示“让某人做某事”。如:I have had my bike repaired.我让人修了修我的自行车The villagers had many trees planted just then.就在那时，村民们叫人种了许多树②表示“遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击”。如:My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.上个月，我姐姐的钱包在汽车上被偷了The old man had his wrist broken in the accident.这位老人在事故中腕部摔坏了。
在“make+宾语+过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须表示结果。 ①I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高了嗓门以便被人家听到②They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English.他们用了很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解
过去分词常用在感官动词watch，notice，see，hear，listen to，feel，find等的后面。 ①When we got to school，we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。②We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音
过去分词用在want，wish，like，expect，order等表示“希望，愿望，命令”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。 The teacher wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.老师不想此刻讨论这个问题②I want the suit made to his own measure.我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做③My parents expected me to be well-prepared for the entrance examination.?我父母希望我好好准备入学考试
过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 ①The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被带进来了，双手被反绑在后面。②With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building，his house looks like a beautiful garden.周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，他的房子看上去就像一座漂亮的花园

【达标检测】
语法专练
1. The Internet gives people the chance to have the information they need ____ to them quickly and cheaply.
A. to deliver B. deliver C. delivering D. delivered
2. In the reading room, we found her ____ at a desk, with her attention ____ on a book.
A. sitting, fixing B. sit, fixed
C. sitting, to be fixed D. seated, fixed
3. On a ____ morning the little girl was found ____ at the corner of the street.
A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen
C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing
4. I suggested the thief ____ into prison.
A. referred to being put B. referring to being put
C. referred to be put D. referring to be put
5. I suggested the thief ____ into prison.
A. referred to being put B. referring to being put
C. referred to be put D. referring to be put
答案：1~5 DDBCC

高考真题
1. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ____for words.
A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：即便是最优秀的作家有时也会难以找到合适的词汇表达。“find oneself +done”表示“感到自己被……”，由于空格处和themselves有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以选用过去分词作宾语补足语。其它选项形式不对。
2.（2011?陕西卷?T14）Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left.
A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked
【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词的用法。结构“have sth. done”意为“某事/某物被做”。句意：飞机起飞前，克莱尔的行李接受了检查。由于名词luggage与动词check之间为被动关系，故选择过去分词作宾补。
3. This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all
tastes and pockets.
A. division B. area C. range D. circle
【解析】选B。此题不仅考察学生对于四个选项的认知，更重要的是要理解句子的含义。“这家餐馆越来越出名 是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。”“a range of ”强调一个系列，而“a wide range of”意为“各种各样的”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲，这个句子属于典型的“从句套从句”。“for”引导原因状语从句，“that”引导定语从句。 　　
4. More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities space.
A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of
【解析】选C。考查介词短语。句意为：“因为缺少空间，越来越多的高层建筑在城市中被建造。”A项意为“寻找……”；B项意为“代替，替代”；C项意为“缺乏，短缺”；D项意为“担心，害怕”。据句意可知，C项符合。
5. Thousands of foreigners were______ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.
A. attended B. attained C. attracted D. attached
【解析】选C。表示成千上万的外宾被吸引来参加上海的世博会。
6. —How about your journey to Mount Emei?
—Everything was wonderful except that our car _________ twice on the way.
A. slowed down B. broke down C. got down D. put down
【解析】选B。考查动词短语的区别，答语的意思是：一切都进展顺利除了我们的汽车在途中抛锚了两次外。break down抛锚；slow down 慢下来；get down记下，写下；put down 扑灭。所以该题的答案为B.

综合智能检测
一、听力（略）
二、单项选择
21. The concert____ about 43 minutes of music before the police came as a result of a noise complaint.
A．made up B．made up of
C．consisted of D．included in
22. He didn’t make ____clear when and where the meeting would be held.
A. this B. that C. it D. these
23. Will it suit your_____ that we meet at 7 o'clock this evening?
A. satisfaction B. convenience
C. needs D. appointment
24. The computer center, ________ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having been opened D. opened
25. The teacher _____ his students______ five groups.
A divided…into B. separated…from
C. separated…into… D. divided…from
26. With the decision ________, the members present at the meeting were dismissed.
A. to make B. to be made C. made D. having made
27. I've arranged_____ my secretary to pick you up at the airport.
A. with B. for C. in D. on
28. It was four o’clock in the afternoon _______ they got to the station.
A. that B. since C. when D. until
29. ----How are things with you?
----________. I now make enough money to pay the bills and keep food on the table.
A. From bad to worse B. Can't complain
C. Too bad D. Too good
30. When he came to himself，he found himself_____ on a chair，with his hands_____ back.
A. to sit；tied B. sitting；tying
C. sat；tied D. sitting；tied
31. Of the 2,000 stock investors _____ last month, 90% was found ______ in financial knowledge.
A. surveyed; lacking B. having been surveyed; to lack
C. surveyed; lacked D. to have been surveyed; lack
32．Here is a list of names of the guests to be invited to the party. Please don’t_____ any of them when typing.
A. let out B. make out
C. leave out D. put out
33. However, the band ______in about 1970, but reunited in the mid-1980s.
A. broke away B. broke off C. broke down D. broke up
34. It is requested that the reporter _____ to blame for the wrong report.
A. referring to B. referring to as C. referred to be D. referred to being
35. I've never been to Paris, but it is a place ________.
A. where I'd like to visit B. in which I'd like to visit
C. that I want to visit it most D. I most want to visit
三、完形填空
In the city of Fujisawa, Japan, lives a woman named Atsuko Saeki. When she was a teenager, she 36 of going to the United States. Most of what she knew about American 37 was from the textbooks she had read. “I had a 38 in mind: Daddy watching TV in the living room, Mummy 39 cakes and their teenage daughter off to the cinema with her boyfriend.”
Atsuko 40 to attend college in California. When she arrived, however, she found it was not her 41 world. “People were struggling with problems and often seemed 42 ,”she said. “I felt very alone.”
One of her hardest 43 was PE. “We played volleyball.” she said.
“The other students were 44 it, but I wasn't.”
One afternoon, the instructor asked Atsuko to 45 the ball to her teammates so they could knock it 46 the net. NO problem for most people, but it terrified Atsuko. She was afraid of losing face 47 she failed.
A young man on her team 48 what she was going through. He walked up to me and ? 49 , “Come on. You can do that”.
“You will never understand how those words of 50 made me feel. Four words: You can do that. I felt like crying with happiness.”
She made it through the class. Perhaps she thanked the young man; she is not 51 .
Six years have passed. Atsuko is back in Japan, working as a salesclerk. “I have52 forgotten the words.” she said. “When things are not going so well, I think of them.”
She is sure the young man had no idea how much his kindness 53 to her. “He probably doesn't even remember it,” she said. That may be the lesson. Whenever you say something to a person cruel or kind----you have no idea how long the words will 54 . She's all the way over in Japan, but still she hears those four 55 words: You can do that.
36. A. learned B. spoke C. dreamed D. heard
37. A. way B. life C. education D. spirit
38. A. photo B. painting C. picture D. drawing
39. A. baking B. frying C. steaming D. boiling
40. A. hoped B. arranged C. liked D. attempted
41. A. described B. imagined C. created D. discovered
42. A. tense B. cheerful C. relaxed D. deserted
43. A. times B. question C. classes D. projects.
44. A. curious about B. good at C. slow at D. nervous about
45. A. kick B. pass C. carry D. hit
46. A. through B. into C. over D. past
47. A. after B. if C. because D. until
48. A. believed B. considered C. wondered D. sensed
49. A. warned B. sighed C. ordered D. whispered
50. A. excitement B. encouragement C. persuasion D. suggestion
51. A. interested B. doubtful C. puzzled D. sure
52. A. never B. already C. seldom D. almost
53. A. happened B. applied C. seemed D. meant
54. A. continue B. stay C. exist D. live
55. A. merciful B. bitter C. simple D. easy
四、阅读理解
A
Thousands of people began pouring into Pennsylvania from other states. They wanted to buy lottery tickets. The tickets cost only $ 0.9 each. But that small spending could bring them a reward of $90 million. That was the second largest lottery jackpot (积累奖金) in history.
More than 87 million tickets were bought for the Pennsylvania lottery drawing. Those who bought tickets had to choose seven numbers from 1 to 80. The chance of winning was one in 9.6 million. But that little chance certainly didn’t affect ticket sales. In the last few days before the drawing, tickets were selling at the unbelievable rate of 500 per second.
Experts say many people buy lottery tickets because they just want to have a piece of the action. Others say the lottery is a stock market for poor people. It allows them to dream about wealth they’ll probably never have.
But many people believe lotteries are no better than legalized (合法化的) gambling. Some critics (批评家) note that most people who play are poor and may not be able to afford the tickets. There are also many addicts (成瘾者) who take the game seriously. They may pour their life savings into lottery tickets. Some clubs have been formed to help them kick the habit.
Politicians like lotteries because they provide money that would otherwise have to come from new taxes. The profits from lotteries are usually used to pay for education or programs for senior citizens. But critics say this arrangement just allows states to legalize vice (恶习), under the name of social progress.
No matter whether you regard state lotteries right or not, you cannot refuse to accept their extreme popularity with many Americans.
56. In just one minute in the last few days, the Pennsylvania lottery sold ________ tickets.
??????A. 500??????? B. 30,000?????????? C. 15,000???????? D. 50,000
57. People who are addicted to playing lotteries should _________.
??????A. join a club?????????????????????????????????????????? B. kick the habit
??????C. win the Pennsylvania??????????????????????????? D. save every cent
58. All the following opinions correspond with those of the critics EXCEPT _________.
A. lotteries are as bad as legalized gambling
B. some poor people spend money unreasonably on lotteries
C. lotteries cause problems like addiction and unwise investment
D. the profits from lotteries used for senior-citizen education is social progress
59. The main idea of the passage is that __________.
??????A. lotteries are of great benefit to everyone who buys them
??????B. playing a lottery is just like investing in the stock market
??????C. popularity of the lottery in America causes disagreement
??????D. lotteries are just legalized vice

B
“The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful,” says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses(冲动) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral(道德) freedom.
A single angry word has lost many friends. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. “Whoever the gods would destroy they first make them mad.” “Keep cool,” says Webster, “anger is not argument.” “Be calm in arguing,” says George Herbert, “for fierceness(狂怒) makes error a fault.”
To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. “Anger,” says Pythagoras, “brings with folly and ends with regret.” You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him.
Self-control is man’s last and greatest victory.
If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also.
60. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. The importance of self- control.
B. How to conquer oneself?
C. The relation between a man’s moral freedom and his feelings.
D. A man should keep cool.
61. What’s the meaning of “whoever the gods would destroy they first make them mad”?
A. If you are mad, the gods will kill you.
B. If you lose your temper first, gods will kill you first.
C. If you can’t control yourself, you will be crazy.
D. If the gods want to kill you, they will make you mad first.
62. Which of the following is NOT true, according the to passage?
A. The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself.
B. You will make a small mistake serious if you don’t keep cool.
C. You must measure a man’s strength by the power of the feelings which conquer him.
D. Anger brings with folly and ends with regret.
63. Which of the following can’t help you avoid anger, according to the passage?
A. Be calm in arguing.
B. Check your temper or anger by speaking low.
C. Keep your mouth shut.
D. Try to make the others angry first.
五、用框内所给词组的适当形式完成下列句子
consist, of; divide into; leave out, take the place of, break down, in memory of, have influence on
1. This word is wrongly spelt. You have ___________ a letter.
2. The professor has suddenly fallen ill. Who can ___________ to give the lecture?
3. The Roman Empire __________ in 476 AD.
4. The museum was built _____________ the great writer –Lu Xun.
5. The country _____________ nearly 200 islands.
6. The cake ____________ four parts for us to share.
7. My teacher ______________ me. Without his instruction, I doubt if I could be so successful.
六、书面表达
假设你是某报社记者，请根据下表提供的信息写一篇英文稿，简要地报道中国开发中西部的有关情况。
主要概括和实施要点 范围：9个省、自治区（autonomous regions）、1个直辖市（municipality）
面积：540万平方公里
人口：2.85亿
交通建设：修建多条公路、铁路
环境保护：退耕还林；防治污染
资源利用：开发利用其丰富的天然资源
人才引进：广纳各类专家、技术人员

【写作要求】
1． 标题：New Development for Central and Western China
1． 必须使用5个句子介绍所给的内容
1． 将5个句子组织成连贯的短文

参考答案
二~四
21【解析】选C。句意：在警察接到噪音投诉赶来之前，音乐会持续了大约43分钟。主句可直译为“音乐会由大约43分钟的音乐组成”，“由……组成”可表达为：consist of（无被动语态）或be made up of。include为及物动词，无需和介词搭配。故选C。
22C
23【解析】选B。 suit one's convenience为固定表达，意为“对某人来说方便”。
24-25 DA
26~30 C
27【解析】选B。 arrange for sb. to do sth. “安排某人做某事”，固定搭配。
28-29 CB
30【解析】选D。考查分词短语作宾语补足语。宾语补足语sitting on a chair和宾语himself构成主动关系，故应使用现在分词；宾语补足语tied back和宾语his hands构成被动关系，故应使用过去分词。
31 A
32【解析】选C。let out“发出，放出”；make out“分清，辨明”；leave out“遗漏，省去”；put out“扑灭，熄灭”。由句意可知，C项符合。
33-35 DCD
36-40 CBCAB
41-45 BACBD
46-50 CBDDB
51-55 DADBC
56-59 BBDC
60. A 主旨大意题。根据文章第 1 段的第 2 句 Self-control is at the root of all the advantages 及全文的内容可知，本文的大意是“自控的重要性”。
61. D 语义理解题。根据上文 you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease 可知答案。
62. C 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第 3 段的最后一句 You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him 可知。
63. D 推理判断题。根据文章第 2 段第 2 句和第 3 句以及最后一句可以排除选项 A、B、C
五、1. left out 2. take the place of him（ take his place） 3.broke down
4. in memory of 5.consists of 6. is divided into 7. has influence on
六、One possible version
New Development for Central and Western China
The Chinese government has recently decided to develop central and western China which includes 9 provinces and autonomous regions and one municipality, covering and area of 5.4 million square kilometers with a population of 285 million. The government will pay special attention to its transportation and some highways and railways will be built. To protect the environment, farmers will return farmland to forest and measures will be taken to prevent pollution. Western China is rich in natural resources, which can be exploited and made full use of. To meet need of the development, different kinds of experts and skilled workers are to be brought in.