2020年高考英语二轮语法复习讲练结合 专题十一 句子种类（word含答案）

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专题十一 句子种类
一、 句子种类：
分类 句子种类 例句
按使用目的 陈述句 肯定句 He is six years old.
否定句 She didn’t hear of you before.
疑问句 一般 Do they like skating?
特殊 How old is he?
选择 Is he six or seven years old?
反意 Mary can swim, can’t she?
祈使句 Be careful, boys. Don’t talk in class
感叹句 How clever the boy is! What a clever boy he is!
按结构 简单句 He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys.
并列句（由并列连词and, but, or等或分号把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起） You help him and he helps you. The food was good, but he had little appetite. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
复合句（含有一个或以上从句） The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

二、简单句的五种基本句型
句型 例句
1、主语+系动词+表语 He is a student.
2、主语+不及物动词 We work.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语 Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） My father bought me a car.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补） Tom made the baby laugh.

三、并列句
分类 常用并列连词 例句
联合并列句 and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等 The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
转折并列句 but, still, however, yet, while, when等 He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
选择并列句 or, either…or…, otherwise等 Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
因果并列句 so, for, therefore等 It was late, so we went home.
四、感叹句
1、感叹句用法：表示说话人的强烈的感情。
讲解 句型 例句
What What引导的感叹句的中心词是名词 What＋(a / an)＋形容词＋名词＋（主语＋谓语）！ 1)What a cold day (it is)! 今天天气真冷啊！ 2)What an old house (it is)! 这间房子真老啊！ 3)What nice air (it is)! 空气真好啊！
How How引导的感叹句的中心词是形容词或副词。 How＋形容词／副词＋（主语＋谓语）！ 6)How cold（it is ）today! 今天天气真冷啊！ 7)How happy （the children are）! 孩子们真愉快啊！ 8)How hard（the student works）! 这个学生学习多努力啊！
2、注意点：在复数可数名词和不可数名词之前不可用 “how+形容词” 构成感叹句，而应用 “what+形容词+复数可数名词或不可数名词”。也就是说how +形容词可置于带不定冠词的单数名词之前构成感叹句。
1) What great changes we have had these years! 这些年我们的变化真大呀!
不可说成How great changes we have had these years!
2) What good news it is! 多么好的消息呀!
不可说成How good news it is!
五、祈使句
表示请求或命令的句子是祈使句。谓语动词无时态与数的词形变化，与动词原形同形。祈使句一般用降调，为使祈使句听起来比较婉转，可用低升调，祈使句句末用句号或感叹号。

一、祈使句有两种类型：含有第二人称和带有第一、三人称主语的祈使句。每种类型又有肯定形式和否定形式。用don't：否定时，只能用其缩略式。
1 含有第二人称的祈使句 Be sure to come on time．请务必按时来。 Don't ever do that again．请不要做那事了。
2 带有第一、三人称主语的祈使句(通常以let为引导词) Let's have a rest． 咱们休息一会儿。 Let us try again． 让我们再试试。 Don't let's open the window． 咱们别开窗户了。(非正式)
3 其他形式的祈使句 1) 以no开始的禁止性祈使句： No entry．禁止入内。 No parking．禁止停车。 No smoking．禁止抽烟。
2) 固定短语 Out with it 说出来吧。 Faster．快点。 Beg pardon．请原谅。
二、注意点：
1）第二人称主语通常不表示出来，有时为了强调指明向谁提出要求或发出命令，主语也可表示，这时主语需重读：
2）第一人称祈使句可在1et前面加do，表示强调，第三人称祈使句不可：
Do let me have another try． 请务必让我再试试。
注意以下两句的区别：
Don't let the children make much noise．不要让孩子发出大的噪声。．
Let the children not make much noise．让孩子不要发出大的噪声。
3）为了使祈使句听起来比较客气，婉转，除了用低声调外，还可用下列方法：
a．加please
Please give me a hand．请帮一下忙。
Lend me your dictionary，please． 请把字典借给我使一下。
b. .加will you
Read the text，will you? 读一下课文好吗?
Come in and sit down，will you? 进来坐下，好吗?
c．please和will you同时运用
Be careful，please，will you? 小心些，行吗? ：
d．用would you则更加客气
Shut the window，would you? 关上窗户，行吗?
e, 加won't you，can't you，why don't you：
Turn down the radio，won't you? 关闭收音机，好吗?
Take it away，can't you? 拿走，不行吗?
Be patient，why don't you? 耐心点，难道不行吗?

六、反意疑问句?
构成：陈述句　+　简略问句?
肯定　　　　否定?
否定　　　　肯定?
简略问句的主语与陈述句保持一致，只能用人称代词(there除外)，简略问句的谓语动词也与陈述句保持一致，如果是否定，一定要用简写。如：?
Jim isn't a student, is he?/There are some books in it, aren't there? ?

解说 例句
1 陈述部分I'm...结构，疑问部分一般用aren't I, I'm late, aren't I ?
2 陈述句中有little, few, no, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等词表示否定时，简略问句用肯定。
3 陈述句中有指物的不定代词nothing, something, anything时，简短问句中用代词it,陈述句中有指人的不定代词everyone, no one, someone, everybody, nobody, anybody时，简短问句中用代词he或they， Everyone is here, aren't they/isn’t he??
4 陈述句的主语是指示代词this, that等时，疑问部分的主语在形式上与前者不同，但在逻辑上却与前者一致 This is very important, isn't it??
55 陈述部分如果是“I (don't) think (believe, suppose...)+宾语从句”时，疑问部分中的动词和主语应与宾语从句中的主语和动词保持一致 I don't believe she knows it, does she??
66 含有情态动词must的句子表示猜测时，疑问部分与must后面部分一致，不能用mustn't,如：You must be tired, aren't you?当must表示“有必要”时，疑问部分用needn't,如：You must go home right now, needn't you? 当mustn't表示禁止时，疑问部分一般用must You mustn't walk on grass, must you??
77 祈使句的反意疑问句肯定祈使句+will you/won't you?否定祈使句+will you?? Let's...+shall we?(包括对方)? Let us...+will you?(不包括对方)?
88 感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式，并用be的一般现在时 What a lovely girl, isn't she ??
99 前面否定后面肯定的反意疑问句在回答时，需根据其实际情况，实际情况是肯定的，则用Yes+肯定结构，实际情况是否定的，则用No+否定结构 —You can't speak English, can you?—Yes, I can(不，我会的).
110 关于“'d better ”， “'d rather”和“'s”? He’d like a cup of tea, wouldn’t he? You’d better go now, hadn’t you? He’s never late for school, is he? He’s never been there, has he?
七、复合句：
复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语、定语从句和状语从句等。（见专题讲解）

II、实战演练
1. 完成下列反意疑问句?
1．Catherine is a girl's name，　_________?
2．I am a teacher,　______?
3．There's little water in the glass, 　_________?
4．Don't take the book out of the library, 　_________?
5．He'll never forget it, 　_________?
6．Let's have a rest,　 　_________?
7．I think Kate speaks English well, 　_________?
8．That boy must be Tom, 　_________?
2. 填连词完成下面的感叹句 (根据需要可以加上a 或 an)
1. __________ nice music it is !
2. __________ that boy missed his mother!
3. __________ great fun it is to hike !
4 __________ beautiful parks there are in Shanghai!
5. __________ good the soup tastes !
6. __________ useful subject Chinese is!
7. __________ bad weather it is today!
8. __________ happy life we're living today !
9. ________ lovely deer they are!
10. __________ bad cold you've got !

3、翻译下面的句子
1）请务必按时来。
2）请不要做那事了。
3）请你安静一会儿。
4）让我告诉你答案吧。
5） 不要让任何人打扰你。
6） 请务必让我再试试。
7）不要让孩子发出大的噪声。．









答案：
1. 完成下列反意疑问句
1．　isn't it 2． aren't I 3．is there? 4． will you? 5．　will he?
6． shall we? 7． doesn't she? 8．　isn't he?

2. 填连词完成下面的感叹句
1. What 2. How 3. What 4. What 5. How 6. What a 7. What
8. What a 9. What 10. What a

3、翻译下面的句子
1）Be sure to come on time．
2）Don't ever do that again．
3）You be quiet for a moment．
4）Let me tell you the answer．
5）Don't let anyone disturb you．
6）Do let me have another rtry．
7）Don't let the children make much noise．．














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