人教新目标2020年中考英语二轮复习学案：专题11 非谓语动词

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专题11：非谓语
【知识梳理1】
一、基本概念
在英语中，不作句子谓语，但仍具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。

跟我们上面的发现一样哦~~学习中我们要擅长做发现规律的小主人。

二、非谓语动词的分类

非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，不受主语人称和谓语动词的时态变化干扰，但是有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，但仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。
典型例句：1.To hear your voice is so nice.（听到你的声音真高兴。）（动词不定式）
典型例句：2.Reading books makes one wise.（读书使人明智。）（动词-ing形式）
典型例句：3.This is a book written by Balzac.（这是巴尔扎克写的一本书。）（过去分词）
1.动词不定式
动词不定式是一种动词的非谓语形式，可在句中充当多种成分，是初中英语学习中必须掌握的重要语法项目。
1.动词不定式的类型
动词不定式有两种表现形式，一种是“to+动词原形”，另一种是“疑问词+to+动词原形”，详见后面的举例。
2.动词不定式的句法功能
A.动词不定式作主语
To learn a foreign language is not easy.（学习外语不是一件容易的事。）
B.动词不定式作表语
Her job is to look after the children.（她的工作就是照顾孩子。）
C.动词不定式作宾语
He wants to buy some stamps.（他想买一些邮票。）
D.动词不定式作宾语补足语
The doctor told me to have a rest.（医生叫我休息一下。）
E.动词不定式作定语
I want something to eat.（我想要一些吃的。）
F.动词不定式作状语
Yesterday they came to visit us.（昨天他们来拜访我们。）

【知识梳理2】动词不定式





















高频考点1
【省略to的不定式做宾补】
一感二听三使四看，主动语态to省略，被动语态to还原。 see sb do sth（主动语态） sb be seen to do（被动语态）
一感 二听 三使（使役动词） 四看
feel hear、listen to make、let、have （马兰花） see、watch、notice、observe
why not do/ why don’t you do/ shall we do/had better(最好做) do/ would rather(宁愿做) do
help sb. (to) do sth.

高频考点2
【不定式的成份】
不定式做宾（补） ask /warn/promise/enable/tell/offer/order/encourage/fail/+(sb)+to do
不定式做形式主语 It is + adj.+ (for /of sb. ) to do sth.(it 作形式主语)
不定式做表语 My dream / wish/aim/ambition/job is to do
不定式作定语 I have a meeting to attend

高频考点3
【不定式的否定】
不定式的否定形式：not+(to)+do 的形式
eg: Tell him ___ the window.　
A. to shut not　 B. not to shut　 C. to not shut 　 D. don’t to shut
解析: 本题是一种高频的题型,考查tell sb to do sth的否定形式,我们需要牢记,不定式的否定都是在to或者省略to的不定式前加上not即可,应此选择B.高频错误答案为D.

高频考点4
【简单句中不定式的运用】
状语从句的简化 结果状语从句 so… that + 肯定句 = enough to so… that + 否定句 = too… to
目的状语从句 so that sb. can/could = in order to / so as to
宾语从句的简化 宾语从句 = 疑问词 + to do

高频考点5
【It's for sb to do “VS” It's of sb to do】
a) for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
　　 It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
b) of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right等：
　　 It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

【例题精讲】
例1.Before going to the History Museum, our teacher told us _____the public rules.
A. write B. to write C. writing D. wrote
【答案】B
【解析】本题考察了不定式做宾补，常见的词有：ask、warn、promise、offer、fail等。

例2.
You had better_______ because you have to drive back home.
A. not drinking B. not drink C. don’t drink D. not to drink
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查了非谓语中省去to的不定式的否定形式，分析题干抓住had better这个短语，我们很容易辨析清楚其用法是had better do sth的结构，表示最好做某事因此排除了A和D选项。我们知道非谓语的否定形式都是在不定式（包括省去to的不定式）和动名词前加上一个not就可以了，因此排除C，显然答案选择为B。

例3.
Don’t jump to a conclusion! Let’s ______ the problem first.
A. to discuss B. discuss C. discussed D. discussing
【答案】B
【解析】本题考察了使役动词let的用法，初中阶段使役动词只有三个：make、let、have，其后面都是接不带to的不定式。

例4.
Even Tony’s granddaughter, a five-year-old girl, asked him _____ smoking.
A. give up B. gave up C. to give up D. giving up
【答案】C
【解析】本题考察了不定式做宾补，常见的词有：ask、warn、promise、offer、fail等。考察形式与2010年44题相同。

例5.
Lin Dan played badminton very well. He won the Thomas Cup again. （合并为一句）
Lin Dan played badminton very well ______ ______ win the Thomas Cup again.
【答案】enough to
【解析】本题虽然没有直接考察状语从句的简化，但是可以把句子理解成“Lin Dan played badminton so well that he won the Thomas Cup again.”，这样再做这个句就很容易判断出来是结果状语从句和不定式结构“enough to”的转化。

【巩固练习】
1、I’d rather ______ some bread. The cake is not delicious.
A. will have B. to have C. having D. have
2、Please tell Jane ______ for the family tomorrow. We are going to eat out.
A. to cook B. not to cook C. cooks D. cook
3、My parents often warn me ______ outside too late at night.
A. don’t stay B. to don’t stay C. not to stay D. to not stay
4、It’s nice of Andy _______ me with my English and I’ve made some progress.
A. helping B. to help C. help D. helped
5、Parents often expect their children all the things that they couldn't do in the past.
A. did B. doing C. to do D. do
6、The mother always encouraged her baby ________ up by himself when he fell over.
A. stand B. stood C. to stand D. standing
7、The new policy enables people ______ train tickets either from the station or on the Internet.
A. buying B. buy C. to buy D. bought
8、When the earthquake was felt, Mr. Wang rushed into the teaching building to ask the students
________ out to safety.
A. to run B. run C. ran D. running
9、Too much homework makes the students ________every weekend.
A. to study B. study C. studied D. studying
10、I like traveling very much. My hope is ________ around the world one day.
A. travel B. traveled C. will travel D. to travel
11、The young ought to be allowed ________ their dream by themselves.
A. achieve B. to achieve C. achieving D. achieved
12、South Korean first female president, Park Geun-hye (朴槿惠)promised ________ her best to serve people.
A. do B. doing C. did D. to do
13、It is not easy ________ many phone numbers especially mobile phone numbers.
A. remember B. remembering C. to remember D. remembered
14、You’d better______ long hours in the office. Go out and have a rest for a while.
A. not work B. not to work C. don’t work D. not to working
15、Mr. White will take charge of ________ invitation cards for the celebration party next month.
A. prepare B. prepared C. preparing D. to prepare

【参考答案】
1-5 DBCBC 6-10 CCABD 11-15 BDCAC

【知识梳理3】动名词

高频考点1
【动名词成份】
动名词做宾语 动宾 enjoy /finish /keep/ practice / mind / suggest /consider /avoid /admit/ deny/imagine / give up doing / prefer doing to doing…
介宾 look forward to doing ；be / get / become used to doing ； instead of doing have difficulty/ trouble (in) doing ； spend / waste some time (in) doing
动名词做主语 Playing computer games is a very popular way for people to relax. (play)
动名词做表语 My hobby is swimming/ My favorite sports is swimming
动名词做定语 a swimming pool/a sleeping bag （相当于形容词，说明名词功能）
【注】：动名词否定形式为not doing结构。
常考词汇：
Admit/ avoid、imagine、keep、enjoy、finish、give up 、deny、practice、mind、consider、suggest

高频考点2
【to do 与doing做宾语时的不同意义】
★stop stop to do (开始do这个动作) stop doing （停止do这个动作）
★forget / remember forget / remember to do （动作未发生） forget / remember doing（动作已发生）
★go on go on to do （不同的事情） go on doing （相同的事情）
★try try to do （努力做） try doing （尝试做）
★mean mean to do （打算做） mean doing （意思是，意味着）
注意：mind mind doing 介意做某事 make up one’s mind to do 下决心做某事

【例题精讲】
例1.
Susan finally became a popular singer after she practiced ______ for years.
A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sang
【答案】C
【解析】本题考察了动名词做动宾，常见的词有：admit、avoid、keep、enjoy、finish、deny、practice、mind、等。

例2.
Richard turned off the computer after he had finished _____ the email.
A. write B. to write C. writing D. wrote
【答案】C
【解析】本题考察了动名词做动宾，常见的词有：admit、avoid、keep、enjoy、finish、deny、practice、mind、等。

例3.
As we all know, it’s not polite to keep others ______ for a long time.
A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting
【答案】C
【解析】本题考察了动名词做动宾，常见的词有：admit、avoid、keep、enjoy、finish、deny、practice、mind、等。

例4.
Stop ______ about the traffic. Just think about what we can do to improve it.
A. complain B. to complain C. complaining D. complained
【答案】C
【解析】本题考察了特殊的动词stop，其后面可以接不定式和动名词，因此需要判断句子意思，句子想要表达的是“停止抱怨交通，思考一下如何提升它。”因此选择stop doing这个结构，而stop to do则表示停止现在做的事情去做什么事情，违背了句意。类似考点见高频考点2。

例5.
The retired couple enjoy ______ photos. They always go out with their cameras.
A. take B. took C. to take D. taking
【答案】D
【解析】本题考察了动名词做动宾，常见的词有：admit、avoid、keep、enjoy、finish、deny、practice、mind、等。

【巩固练习】
1、 House prices keep ______ these years. The government is expected to do something to control them.
A. rising B. rise C. to rise D. rose
2、Would you mind the window please? It’s too hot inside the room.
A. opening B. to open C. open D. opened
3、You can enjoy around many small streets when you go to England.
A. walk B. to walk C. walking D. walks
4、Both of the clerks denied ________the money and the boss had to report it to the police.
A. steal B. stole C. stealing D. to steal
5、Why not join an English club to practice _________ English songs?
A. sing B. sang C. to sing D. singing
6、The suspect admitted the valuable vase after the detective showed him the proof.
A. stole B. to steal C. stealing D. steal
7、He decided to leave for Thailand as soon as he finished _____ the novel.
A. write B. writing C. to write D. written
8、In that small seaside village, most children are good at ________. （徐汇 2013 一模 45题）
A. swim B. swam C. swimming D. swims
9、We hadn’t seen each other for ages, so we spent the evening ______ up on each other’s news.
A. to catch B. catch C. catching D. to catching
10、The organization is considering _________some money to victims of the natural disaster.
A. donate B. donating C. to donate D. to donating

【参考答案】
1-5 AACCD 6-10 CBCCB


基础题：
1.The invention of Wechat（微信）makes it easier _________ in touch with friends.
A keeping B keep C to keep D keeps
2.More and more parents expect their children _________ on computers less.
A depend B to depend C depending D depends
3.My father denies _________ my mother, but I can see love in his eyes.
A to miss B miss C misses D missing
Mum always asks her son ________his dirty clothes everywhere.
A. not leave B. doesn’t leave C. not to leave D. don’t leave
5.He denied _________ anything though he was questioned several times.
A. Steal B. stole C. stealing D. to steal
6.The thief denied ________ money from the old man in the shopping mall.
A.steal B.stealing C.stole D.to steal
7.To remember things accurately, we don't allow other thoughts our mind.
A.enter B.to enter C.entering D.entered
8.The teacher asked the students to consider ______ another word instead of this one.
A.use B. to use C.using D.used
9.The young had better _____ to be responsible for their own decisions.
A.to learn B.learning C.learn D.learnt
10.If people keep ______ the river, not fish will survive in the future.
A.polluting B.pollute C.polluted D.to pollute
11.The summer holiday is coming, so he decides to Beijing for his holidays.
A. go B. to going C. going D. to go
12. The thief denied the mobile phone from the young lady when he was caught.
A. stealing B. to steal C. steal D. stole
13.The thief denied __________ the women’s mobile phone.
A. steal B.to steal C.stealing D.stole
14.The librarian told us________the magazines out of the library.
A.don't take B.didn't take C.not take D.not to take
15.Bill spent too much time________on the online game-Happy Farm.
A.play B.to play C.playing D.played
16.Reading provides me with fun and it also enables me____ the world around me.
A.understand B. understood C.to understand D.understanding
17.Once you make a decision, you’d better ____your mind.
A.don’t change B.not change C.not to change D.notchanging
18.The air pollution is very serious this morning. Let's_ indoor.
A.to stay B.stay C.staying D.stayed
19.一Would you mind meyour passport
一Here you are.
A.show B.to show C.showed D.showing
20. It has little effect on the study if you only make the students ______ all the time.
A. writes B. wrote C. to write D. write
Keys:
1-5:CBDCC 6-10:BBCCB 11-15:DACCC 16-20:CBBDD

提高题：
1.Mr. Anderson asked his students_________ the experiment quietly.
A observe B observes C to observe D observing
2.The old lady is sick. Let’s go out and let her _________ a good rest.
A take B taking C to take D took
3.Wendy managed _________a company when she was only 15 years old.
A.run B.to run C.running D.ran
4.You'd better not come into the teachers' office without_______at the door.
A.to knock B.knock C.not knocking D.knocking
5.Tom Sawyer let his friends _______ a long fence by playing a trick one afternoon.
A. paint B. to paint C.painting D.to painting
6. Part-time jobs enable university students ________ more working experience.
A.get B.getting C.to get D.got
7. He denied ________ anything about the theft in the face of the police.
A.knows B.knowing C.knew D.to know
8. The clerk denied ________ the money and the boss had to report it to the police.
A.steal B.stole C.stealing D.to steal
9.The free Wi-Fi service in that restaurant enables the customers __________ the meal and fun of going online at the same time.
A. enjoy B. to enjoy C. enjoying D. enjoyed
10.People in other countries are becoming more interested in Chinese characters.
A.learned B.to learn C.learn D.learning
11. Our English teacher always encourages us ________English.
A.speak B.speaking C.speaks D.to speak
12. The teacher often asks her students _____ pair work in English classes.
A.to do B.do C.doingD.did
13.Anne is a smart girl, and she enjoys ____ English songs very much.
A.sing B.to sing C.sangD.singing
14.Little Jack’s father denied________about the lunch service at school to the reporter.
A.complain B.to complain C.complained D.complaining
15.Don’t let such a thing _______again,or you will probably lose your job.
A.happen B.happens C.to happen D.happening
16.Music and lighting are used to encourage customers _______ more.
A.buyB.buying C.to buy D.to buying
17.I think a policeman’s responsibility is ______our city a safe place.
A.makeB. makes C.makingD.to make
18.Please keep ____ and never give up. One day we will realize our big dream.
A.tryB.triedC.tryingD.to try
19.Volunteering is only the best way________ about how the rest of the world lives.
A. know B.knows C.knowing D.to know
20.My little brother was keen on ________ stamps when he was young.
A.collect B.collected C.collecting D.to collect
Keys:
1-5CABCA 6-10CBBCD 11-15DADDA 16-20CDCDC




巧记小贴士：
常考不定式做动宾：
【速记口诀】
三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝；
设法学会做决定，不要假装在选择。
【妙语诠释】
三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want，agree，promise
两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse
设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide
不要假装在选择：pretend，choose

【速记口诀】一准备①，二决定②，三要求③，四希望④。
①“一准备”即prepare。
②“二决定”即decide和determine。
③“三要求”即ask，demand，request。
④“四希望”即desire期望，expect盼望，hope希望，wish愿望。









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