2020年中考语法专项突破+题型特训专题：03 形容词和副词含答案

专题03 形容词和副词
定义：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。
考点一、形容词的作用，见下表：
作 用
例 句
定 语
You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.
表 语
Your coat is too small.
宾语补足语
The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.
注意：
1.形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：
You'd better tell us something interesting.
2.形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich; good; young (表示人种等)。例如：The young should take good care of the old.
3.else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：Did you see anybody else?
4.大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。如:He is careful. He drives carefully.
考点二、副词及其用法
副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。
副词的位置
多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如：He runs slowly.
时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如：They went to the park yesterday morning.
I heard him sing English songs over there.
频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前。如：
He is seldom ill.
You must always remember this.
I often write to my parents.
程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修饰的词前面。如：I nearly missed the bus.
否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如：She seldom goes out at night.
I am never late for school.
疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如：When can you come?
还有what，how，why，how many等词。
同时存在时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语一般放在后面。如：
The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.
考点三、形容词，副词比较级和最高级的构成及其应用：
1. 形容词和副词比较级/最高级的构成：
①单音节单词后+er/est。例如：tall-taller-tallest, short-shorter- shortest
② 重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加er/est：hot-hotter-hottest, big-bigger-biggest。
③双音节辅音+y结尾去y变i再加er/est：ugly-uglier, busy-busier-busiest。
④在双音节或多于双音节的单词前面加more/most：careful-more careful-most careful, beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
2.形容词和副词的比较级应用：
(1)比较级的范围:一般为两者或两个部分进行比较。例如：I’m taller than you. Group One did better than Group Two.
(2) “as+形容词或副词原形+as……”，译为像……一样。这种结构为同级比较。例如：Mary is as clever as Susan.Mary像Susan一样聪明。
(3)“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越”的意思。例如：Days get longer and longer in Spring.白天在春天越来越长了
3.形容词和副词的最高级:
最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在众多人或事物中，其中一个"最……"。例如：My ruler is the longest of all.我的尺是最长的。
最高级在结构上有两个明显的标志。
①一般在最高级前加the。（副词最高级场省略）。
②最高级后面往往用of或in介词短语来表示形容词的最高级的比较范围。例如：
He is the strongest of the three.他是三个人中身体最强壮的。
He is the strongest in our class.他是我们班里身体最强壮的。
一、单项填空
1. —Now the air in our hometown is even than it was before.
—So we must do something to stop it.
A. better B. dirty C. more better D. worse
2. Jim is very good at sports and he is to play basketball well.
A. too old B. short enough C. so high D. tall enough
3. — Mum, could I have an MP3 like this?
— Certainly, we can buy one, but as as this. The price of this is a little high.
A. a cheap, better B. a cheaper, good C. a small, good D. a smaller, better
4. Beijing is becoming and .
A. more beautiful, more B. beautiful, beautiful
C. more, more beautiful D. more beautiful, more beautiful
5. The plan sounds . I’m sure it will be quite useful.
A. great B. terrible C. well D. quick
6. Kate is really . She’s never angry with others.
A. tall B. friendly C. luckily D. politely
7. You will realize the importance of mastering a foreign language in the future.
A. some time B. some times C. sometimes D. sometime
8. My bedroom isn’t Li Ming’s.
A. so large as B. small than C. as larger as D. the largest
9. We should keep in the reading room.
A. quite B. quietly C. quiet D. quickly
10. Few of them like him because he thinks of himself than of others.
A. much B. much more C. much less D. a little
11. I think each student should have an English-Chinese dictionary. It’s very to them.
A. hopeful B. hopeless C. helpful D. helpless
12. What he said made us very .
A. happily B. surprised C. frightening D. angrily
13. The boy doesn’t speak his sister, but his written work is very good.
A. as well as B. so good as C. more better than D. more worse than
14. Zhou Feng has learned English for many years, but he can understand the English speakers.
A. hardly B. certainly C. always D. almost
15. Although it rained , Yao Ming’s fans still waited for him outside the hotel.
A. strongly B. heavily C. hardly D. quickly
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. When summer comes, it gets and (hot).
2. This street is one of the (busy) streets in the city of Shenyang.
3. Computers now are much (cheap) than before.
4. The Yellow River is the second (long) river in China.
5. His grandfather was (terrible) ill, so they took him to hospital yesterday afternoon.
6. The more we get together, the (happy) we will be.
7. Which country is (large) in population, the US or Canada?
8. Watch (care), and you will find the difference between the two pictures.
9. Li Peng studies (hard) in his class.
10. Who speaks English (well), Jim, Tom or Lin Tao?
三、词语运用
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
all good new sometimes together angry still many most difficult
When I was three years old just before my sister was born, my mom asked me what we should name the __1__ baby. I said, “Let’s call her Gravy(肉汁)!”
You know, we pour gravy over meat and it tastes__2__! My parents found my idea interesting, but named the new baby Caroline, instead.
My sister changed my life. we often got into fights and got ___3__with each other. It sometimes drove our parents __4__. But we learned to forgive each other when we got angry.
In North America, there are __5__ kinds of families, but __6__ families have a boy and a girl. In China, most children don’t have brothers or sisters, and they have to learn those things in other ways, which is __7__.
When I moved away to university, my sister told me she wished I __8__lived at home. She wasn’t used to getting all the attention from my parents. But Chinese children get all the attention for __9__ their life!
Some middle school students in China wish they had a brother or sister. If you are one of them, I have a __10__ idea for you. Treat your friends and classmates as your brothers and sisters!
四、完形填空
When you’re a teenager(青少年), it seems that every time you say, “I want to …”, your parents answer, “No, you can’t.” __1__ people further complain that their parents do not understand them. When something goes wrong, __2__ parents just don’t believe in their children. Without asking why, they think their kids are __3__. And not many parents allow their kids to choose for themselves. Yes, it is __4__ that your parents sometimes treat you as a little child. But remember that not long ago you were __5__ a child. Your parents __6__ remember the childish mistakes you used to make. They want to protect you though you don’t want them to do so. So, if you want to get 7 freedom(自由), please try to understand your parents and don’t lie to them. Try a __8__ way. If you want them to allow you to stay out __9__, don’t’ just say, “All the other kids can stay out late.” Tell them as much as you can about what you want to do and where you’ll be and 10 it’s important for you to stay out late. Then they just might say, “yes”.
1. A. old B. older C. young D. younger
2. A. few B. many C. most D. more 3. A. badly B. wrong C. nice D. clear 4. A. well B. good C. truly D. true 5. A. truly B. true C. real D. really 6. A. yet B. still C. already D. since 7. A. most B. least C. more D. less 8. A. more friendly B. friendly C. good D. better 9. A. earlier B. early C. later D. late 10. A. how B. when C. why D. which
参考答案：
一、
1—5 DDBCA； 6—10 BDACB； 11—15 CBAAB
二、
1. hotter, hotter 2. busiest 3. cheaper 4. longest 5. terribly
6. happier 7. larger 8. carefully 9. hardest 10. best
三、
1. new 2. delicious 3. angry 4. crazy 5. many
6. most 7. more difficult 8. still 9. all 10. good
四、
1—5 CCBDD 6—10 BCADC