Unit 4 Section Ⅲ
Ⅰ.语法填空
1．—I hate it when it rains.
—Cheer up！It will be sunny tomorrow.
解析：考查交际用语。句意：——我讨厌下雨天。——振作起来！明天就是晴天了。由答语的第二句可以看出，这里是在鼓励对方振作起来，所以用cheer up。
2．With the weather becoming hotter and hotter，we need curtains to block out the sunshine.
解析：句意：随着天气变得越来越热，我们需要窗帘来挡住阳光。block out“挡住(光线)”。
3．—What did the shopkeeper say when you said the sweater was too expensive?
—She said the sweater of this kind in other shops might be cheaper but not as good.
解析：句意：——你说这件毛衣太贵时，店主说什么了？——她说这种毛衣在其他店可能便宜些，但质量没这件好。not as good是比较级的省略形式，补全后为：but is not as good as the sweater in her shop.
4．—What does the model plane look like?
—The wings of the plane are more than twice the length of its body.
解析：句意：——那个飞机模型是什么样子的？——机翼的长度比机身长度的两倍还要长。倍数表达法“倍数＋the＋表度量的名词＋of”。
5．It was not until then that I realized their relationship was breaking up because they had quarreled with each other several times.
解析：句意：直到那时我才意识到他们由于几次争吵关系破裂了。第一个空考查强调句型中的that，这里不用倒装；第二个空考查break up“破裂”。
6．Since/Now that you have such a unique chance，you should seize it without any hesitation.
解析：句意：你既然有如此难得的机会，一定要毫不犹豫地抓住它。since/now that“既然；由于”，符合句意。
7．Mr.Wu had fought with his illness hard，but unfortunately he could not pull through.
解析：句意：吴先生与疾病做艰苦斗争，但不幸的是，他最终没有挺过来。
8．Mum likes this old house in downtown better than the huge one in the country，but it costs almost twice as much.
解析：考查倍数表达法。本句的后半句所要表达的意思是市中心的这所老房子的价格几乎是乡村的那所大房子的价格的两倍，相当于“but it costs almost twice as much as the huge one in the country”。
9．In the street in front of the school，there happened a serious car crash the other day.
解析：句意：前几天在学校前面的路上发生了一起严重的撞车事故。
10．In some countries, poisonous snakes can be used to watch over the jewels in shops at night.
解析：句意：在一些国家，毒蛇可以用来在夜晚看守商店里的珠宝。watch over“守护；看守”。
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．I ran all the way home after school in_time to watch the football match between Italy and France.
2．To ensure good sleep, she bought a heavy curtain to block_out the light.
3．You look sad. Cheer_up ! Everything will be all right soon.
4．Now_that he has graduated from university, he should learn to earn his living.
5．A violent quarrel broke_out between them on how to bring up their only child.
6．Typing is easy once you get_the_hang_of it.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．There is an ugly building blocking_out/which_blocks_out the view from the window.(block)
有一座难看的大楼把窗外的景色挡住了。
2．On the way home he saw_a_car_crash_into_a_wall.(crash)
在回家的路上他看见一辆汽车撞到了墙上。
3．I tried to_cheer_her_up by telling her the good news.(cheer)
我把这个好消息告诉了她，想使她高兴起来。
4．Old_enough_to_receive_education，she was sent to a local school.(enough)
已经足够大可以接受教育了，她被送到当地一所学校。
5．The house (which_had_been)_pulled_down_by_fire was rebuilt last week.(pull)
被大火烧毁的房子在上周被重建起来。
6．There were some leaves floating/which_floated_on_the_water.(float)
有些叶子漂浮在水面上。
7．You ought to have a good rest now_that_you've_finished_the_work.(finish)
既然已完成了工作，你就应该好好休息一下。
8．The disagreement between the two countries led to the_war_breaking_out.(break)
这两个国家之间的不同见解导致了战争的爆发。
9．While watching_out_for the tall man in a black hat，he found another suspect.(watch)
在密切注意那个戴黑帽子的高个子男人时，他发现了另外一个嫌疑犯。
10．Sleds pulled_by_dogs are in common use in the Arctic.(pull)
狗拉的雪橇在北极地区很常用。
Unit 4 Section Ⅲ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She has a degree in biology(生物学)．
2．An apple falls down because of gravity(重力)．
3．The moon is a satellite(卫星)of the earth.
4．He is a lovely boy，very gentle(温和的)and caring.
5．He is a physicist(物理学家)of the first rank.
6．Some plants will not grow in a cold climate(气候)．
7．The plane crashed(坠落)mysteriously near the island.
8．Another spaceship(宇宙飞船)has been sent up recently.
9．A small crowd attempted to pull(拉)down a statue.
10．When you're tired of swimming，just float(漂浮)for a while.
Ⅱ.语法填空
1．(安徽高考改编)—I get at least half an hour of exercise almost every day.
—Oh great！Keep it up.
解析：考查情景对话。句意：——我每天至少要锻炼半个小时。——哦，好极了！坚持下去。keep it up“坚持下去”。
2．Since the house price in the city may be as high as we can't imagine，I suggest that we rent an apartment to live in first.
解析：考查原级比较。句意：这个城市的房价既然高到我们很难想象的那样，我建议我们先租套公寓住着。
3．Please keep your word now that you have_promised(promise) to come.
解析：句意：既然你答应了要来，你就要守约。now that“既然”，引导原因状语从句，由句意可知用现在完成时。
4．After fighting with his illness many years，the patient pulled through finally.
解析：句意：经过很多年与疾病作斗争之后，这个病人最终康复了。pull through“康复”。
5．—I'm thinking of the tomorrow's test.I'm afraid I can't pass this time.
—Cheer up！I'm sure you'll make it.
解析：考查短语用法。答句句意：——振作起来！我相信你会成功的。cheer up“变得高兴；(使)振奋起来”，用来鼓励对方。
6．As soon as the fire broke out，it spread quickly.
解析：考查动词词组辨析。句意：火灾一发生就迅速蔓延开来。break out指“(战争、火灾、疾病等的)突然发生”。
7．All the visitors were told to watch out for those dangerous animals while visiting the zoo.
解析：句意：在参观动物园时，所有游客都被告知当心那些危险的动物。watch out“注意；当心”，与介词for连用。
8．In order to block out the sunshine，the students had many books piled high.
解析：句意：为了挡住阳光，学生们让很多书高高地堆着。block out挡住(光线)。
9．My uncle's house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice as expensive.
解析：考查倍数的表达法。句意：我叔叔在闹市区的房子比我们的小很多，但是价钱却是我们的两倍。“A倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as B”是其中一种，此处expensive后面省略了as ours。
10．Mr.Brown's condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will_pull(pull)through.
解析：句意：布朗先生的情况看起来很严重，大家怀疑他是否能够活下来。根据句意可知，这里用一般将来时叙述将来的动作，短语pull through表示“恢复健康”。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2019·山东济南外国语学校高一下学期月考)
For thousands of years, we have looked for ways to measure time.Early humans found that the regular movements of the sun, the earth, the moon, and the stars made good ways to measure time.The rising and setting of the sun were used to distinguish (辨别) day from night.
But, eventually, people needed to tell time more accurately, or exactly.So, by using the sun's position in the sky, they divided the day into dawn, morning, midday and evening.
Then it was noted that the sun cast a changing shadow as it moved across the sky.Time could be told more accurately by setting up a stick and marking the positions of the sun's shadow.It was the ancient Greeks who divided each position of this “sundial (日晷)” into hours.
But the sun doesn't always shine.So, for the past 6,000 years, many other ways of keeping time have been tried.Slow-burning candles were divided into hours, and the hourglass was invented.When all the sand in the top of an hourglass has shifted to the bottom, an hour has passed.
Later, the pendulum (摆钟), with its regular back-and-forth movement of weights, was used to move the hands on a clock.Pendulums are still used in grandfather clocks.
Today, even more accurate clocks are in use, such as battery-operated quartz clocks (石英钟), digital clocks, and clocks run by electrical tuning forks and tiny atoms.These atomic clocks are the most accurate clocks ever invented.The exact time can be kept to within 1 second a century.
文章大意：本篇文章主要讲述了人类计量时间方式的发展历史。
1．Humans in the old days used A to tell day from night.
A．the rising and setting of the sun
B．battery-operated quartz clocks
C．atomic clocks
D．digital clocks
解析：细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“The rising and setting of the sun were used to distinguish(辨别) day from night.”可知，应选A。
2．A sundial works by B.
A．tracking the movement of the stars around the sun
B．marking a shadow cast by the moving sun
C．burning candles in the sunlight
D．watching the stars
解析：细节理解题。由第三段第一句“Then it was noted that the sun cast a changing shadow as it moved across the sky.”可知，应选B项。
3．Which of the following was NOT used in the past to measure time？C
A．An hourglass. B．A sundial.
C．Digital clocks. D．A pendulum.
解析：推理判断题。由最后一段第一句“Today，even more accurate clocks are in use，such as battery-operated quartz clocks(石英钟)，digital clocks，and clocks run by electrical tuning forks and tiny atoms.”可知，digital clocks是现代的产物，古代没有，故选C。
4．Which of the following ways of measuring time is ordered from the least accurate to the most accurate？C
A．Sundial, pendulum, sun.
B．Atomic clock, quartz clock, sundial.
C．Sun, pendulum, atomic clock.
D．Digital clock, hourglass, slow-burning candles.
解析：细节理解题。根据文中各种计量时间的方法出现的顺序可知，应选C。
Ⅳ.完形填空
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Make the Most of What You Have Got
For Nick Vujicic，life was going to be difficult from the day he was born.When Nick arrived into this world，he 1.A everyone.He was not like the other babies and it was 2.B obvious to his parents and to the doctors in the hospital.
There was no 3.C or answers for his condition.Nick was born without any limbs—that is he was born without any arms or legs.But despite being physically 4.C，he was mentally 5.D and the rest of his body was functioning fine.
Life was not easy for Nick when he was young.6.C he had loving parents，Nick would find school hard as he would often be looked down upon by the other children and at the young age of 10，he considered 7.B his life by drowning himself in a bathtub.These dark thoughts were 8.D by his negative attitude to being disabled and at the time，he thought that he would never be able to do 9.D by himself，that he would never have a job and that he would always have to 10.B on his parents for help.
Nick was wrong.As an adult，Nick is a successful public speaker and is famous for his motivational 11.C which focus on life with a disability(残疾)，hope and finding meaning in life worldwide.He 12.B so many people with the story of his life，how he has 13.D so many difficulties and most importantly how he is happy every day.
Despite having no arms or legs，Nick lives 14.A，even finding ways to do almost 15.A things like brushing his teeth on his own and swimming.He has to work harder than a full bodied person and he achieves his goals.
At the first impression，you may look at Nick and feel16.D.You may feel sad that this man has no arms or legs and you might feel his 17.A and upset that he could find everyday situations difficult.But we should 18.B Nick，as he is extremely positive and he gets on with life.He 19.C every day and makes the best of what he has：a positive attitude，a creative mind and a powerful 20.A.He also has a very kind and very beautiful wife and they are truly happy and in love.
文章大意：本文讲述了尼克·胡哲的故事。尼克天生没有四肢，但他积极面对生活，每天微笑面对生活并且能充分利用自己所拥有的，成为一个成功的演讲家。
1．A.shocked B．pleased
C．inspired D．accepted
解析：根据上下文，他的出生是让人震惊的，是个残疾人，也不像其他的孩子。shock “使震惊”；please “使高兴”；inspire“鼓舞”；accept“接受”。
2．A.nervously B．painfully
C．hopefully D．cautiously
解析：根据语境，孩子的这种情形让父母和医生都很痛苦。painfully “痛苦地；费力地”； cautiously “小心地；谨慎地”。
3．A.surprise B．worry
C．explanation D．apology
解析：根据上下文，对于孩子的这种处境，家长和医生都无从解释和回答。explanation“解释；说明”；apology“道歉”。故选C。
4．A.active B．sick
C．disabled D．abused
解析：根据语境可知，孩子是个残疾人，没有胳膊和腿，但虽然他身体上残疾了，可精神上却是正常的。disabled “残废的；有缺陷的”；sick “恶心的；不舒服的”； abused “被滥用的；被虐待的”。故选C。
5．A.disturbed B．challenged
C．calm D．normal
解析：disturbed “被扰乱的；心理失常的”；challenged “有挑战性的”。上下文可知，选D。
6．A.Since B．If
C．Although D．Unless
解析：根据语境，虽然尼克有着爱自己的父母，但他的生活并不好过，在十岁的时候都无法上学。故选C。
7．A.changing B．ending
C．risking D．sharing
解析：因为自己的身体上的残疾，使得尼克对生活失去了希望，所以想结束自己的生命。故选B。
8．A.expressed B．collected
C．given D．driven
解析：根据上下文，对生活失去希望的他，不好的想法受他消极的态度显现出来。driven“受……的影响；由……造成的”。
9．A.something B．nothing
C．everything D．anything
解析：根据上下文，因为身体的残疾，让他觉得他永远也不会自理，什么也做不了。故选D。
10．A.call B．rely
C．cheat D．look
解析：根据句意，不能自理什么也干不了，他显而易见要一直依赖父母。故选B。
11．A.lessons B．poems
C．speeches D．posters
解析：根据上下文，可知尼克并没有对生活失去希望，反而用自己的经历和智慧去演说，给更多的人希望，speech “演讲；演说”；poem “诗歌”；poster “海报；张贴者”。故选C。
12．A.convinces B．touches
C．puzzles D．judges
解析：根据语境，尼克用自己的经历感动了许多人，并给他们讲自己是如何克服生活中所遇的困难，但更多的讲了自己是怎样在这种环境下快乐的。touch “感动；打动；联系”；convince“使相信；说服”；puzzle“使困惑”。故选B。
13．A.faced B．created
C．met D．overcome
解析：根据上题，可知选D。
14．A.independently B．comfortably
C．hopelessly D．lonely
解析：根据语境，尼克虽然没有胳膊和腿，但他仍然独立，用自己的方式干一些自己不可能办到的事。comfortably“舒适的；舒服的”；hopelessly“无希望的”；lonely“孤独的”。
15．A.impossible B．dangerous
C．crazy D．regretful
解析：尼克想方设法做了一些他几乎不可能做到的事情。
16．A.pain B．guilt
C．panic D．pity
解析：根据上文可知，第一眼看到Nick可能会让人觉得可怜。故选D。
17．A.annoyance B．selfishness
C．courage D．confidence
解析：selfishness “自私；任性”；confidence“自信”；courage “勇气”。根据上下文可知，选A。
18．A.encourage B．admire
C．comfort D．correct
解析：根据上下文可知，尼克并没有被天生的残疾而放弃，而做了更好的自己，所以我们应该钦佩他的这种行为。故选B。
19．A.cries B．shouts
C．smiles D．struggles
解析：尼克积极面对生活，每天微笑面对生活并且能很好地利用自己所拥有的，像积极的态度，有创造力的大脑和一个强有力的声音。故选C。
20．A.voice B．body
C．family D．position
解析：由上题可知，选A。
Ⅴ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Attention please，everyone.We have accepted the weather forecast on the radio this morning that there will have a heavy rain tonight.Be sure shut the windows and doors until you leave your classrooms.The sports meeting that we planned to hold on tomorrow will be put off.After it becomes fine，we'll make other announcement.We will have classes on Wednesday as usually.Since it is colder tomorrow，please dress on more clothes in time.Those who comes to school by bike，don't keep your umbrella open while riding.
答案：
Attention please，everyone.We have the weather forecast on the radio this morning that there will a heavy rain tonight.Be sure shut the windows and doors you leave your classrooms.The sports meeting that we planned to hold on tomorrow will be put off.After it becomes fine，we'll make announcement.We will have classes on Wednesday as .Since it is colder tomorrow，please on more clothes in time.Those who to school by bike，don't keep your open while riding.
课件57张PPT。Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars Section Ⅲ Using Language自 主 预 习Ⅰ.单词速记
1．__________(n.)万有引力；重力
2．__________(n.)卫星；人造卫星
3．__________(n.)气候
4．__________(vi.& vt.)碰撞；坠落
5．__________(n.)宇宙飞船
6．__________(n.& vt.)拉(力)；拖；牵引力
7．__________(vi.& vt.)(使)浮动；(使)漂浮(n.)漂浮物gravity satellite climate crash spaceship pull float 8．__________(n.)生物学→__________(n.)生物学家
9．__________(adj.)温和的；文雅的→__________(adv.)温和地
10．__________(n.)物理学家→__________(n.)物理学→__________ (adj.)物理的；物理学的；体力的biology biologist gentle gently physicist physics physical Ⅱ.补全短语
1．cheer up _____________________
2．now that __________
3．watch out for ______________________
4．挡住(光线) __________
5．突发；爆发 __________感到高兴；感到振奋 既然 密切注意；当心；提防 block out break out Ⅲ.课文理解
First 略读主旨
1．Match the general idea of every paragraph.
Paragraph 1__________ A．We visited the moon in our spaceship!
Paragraph 2__________ B．When we got there，I wanted to explore immediately.
Paragraph 3__________ C．But returning to the earth was very frightening.
Paragraph 4__________ D．Before we left，Li Yanping explained to me...the most powerful.ADBC2．The passage mainly talks about__________.
A．what the moon is
B．my visit to the moon
C．the difference between the earth and the moon
D．Li Yanping，my friend，who is an astronomerBSecond 细读细节
1．The passage is mainly about __________.
A．the whole travel in Canada of the cousins
B．what they have seen and done during the trip from Toronto to Montreal
C．the cousins' feelings during the trip
D．the beautiful sights in Toronto and MontrealB2．How did they know it was in fall in Canada？__________
A．The maple trees outside were red, gold and orange.
B．It was so cold outside that people wore more clothes.
C．There was frost on the ground.
D．Both A and C.
3．If you want to enjoy Cantonese food, which city will you prefer？__________
A．Toronto. B．Montreal.
C．Vancouver. D．Calgary.AA4．As we can see, the people in Montreal are __________.
A．friendly B．selfish
C．interesting D．indifferentDThird 精读语篇
Last month，Li Yanping and I made 1.__________ trip to the moon in a spaceship.Li told me that the gravity force would change three times.First,2.__________ we escaped the pull of the earth's gravity，we were 3.__________(push) back into our seats.Closer to the moon，there was 4._______(little) gravity.I 5.__________(cheer) up immediately and floated 6.____________(weight) around in our spaceship cabin.On the moon，my weight was less than on the earth.Walking 7._____(do) need a bit of practice now that gravity had changed.After a while I got the hang 8._____ it and we began to enjoy 9.________(our)．But returning to the earth was very 10.__________(frighten)．We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship.a when pushed less cheered weightlessly did of ourselves frightening 合 作 探 究①Other scientists believe that a comet crashed into the earth long ago and caused the disappearance.
其他科学家认为很久以前彗星与地球相撞导致(恐龙)灭绝。
②(2017·全国高考卷Ⅲ)The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.
这种转变正在通过碰撞测试以确保它能符合联邦安全标准。1．crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落重 点 词 汇crash vi.(商业)破产，失败；(政府)垮台
n．相撞(事故)；(飞机的)坠毁，迫降；撞击声，爆裂声
He witnessed a serious car crash today.Two cars crashed into each other and let out a loud crash.
今天他目睹了一起严重的撞车事故。两辆车撞在了一起，发出了很大的爆裂声。英汉互译
①我看见一个物体从天空中坠落下来。
I saw an object crash down from the sky.
②Look！The front part of the car is now totally out of shape due to the crash.
瞧！因为撞车，这辆车的前部现在已经完全变形了。
语法填空
③When I saw the cars __________(crash) on the road，a frightened feeling flashed across my mind.crash (1)v.拉；拖；扯；吸引
①You push and I'll pull.
你推；我拉。
②(2018·北京高考)After hours in the cold and wet, he reached inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact the driver.
又冷又湿几个小时之后，他到里面拉出钱包希望找到某个身份证那么他就能联系到那个司机。
③(2017·全国高考卷Ⅲ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages.
蒸汽机被用来拖拉车厢。
④The basketball game pulled a great crowd.
这场篮球赛吸引了一大群人。2．pull(2)n.拖；拉；扯；吸引
①One more pull will bring the car out of the ditch.
再拉一下就能把汽车从沟里拉出来。
②He gave my hair a pull.
他拉了一下我的头发。
③The pull of the city was hard to resist.
都市的魅力难以抗拒。pull off 脱(衣、帽等)
pull through 康复；完成；使渡过难关
pull on 匆忙穿戴(袜子、手套等)
pull in (火车)进站；(船)靠岸；驶向路边停靠
pull out 离站；抽出；取出
pull down 拆毁(建筑物)；贬低(人)
①The train has already pulled in.
火车已经进站了。②Pull off your gloves quickly.
快摘下你的手套。
③I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom.
我拿出手机读妈妈发的短信。用pull短语填空
①It is easier to __________ than to build up.
②He'll soon ______________ in the hospital.
③He waited several minutes for a car to __________ alongside.
语法填空
④(2019·北京卷)Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else __________ (pull)the rope with less force.
⑤(2017·浙江高考卷)He __________ (pull) in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast，just a dozen yards away now.pull down pull through pull up pulls pulled (1)浮动；漂浮；飘动；飘移
Beautiful music came floating out of the window.
美妙的乐声从窗口传出。
(2)浮；漂浮
A plastic bag was floating in the water.
一个塑料袋在水中漂浮。
(3)使浮动；使漂流
We waited for the tide to float the boat off the sandbank.
我们等待涨潮，让潮水把船浮起离开沙滩。3．float v.(4)轻盈走动；飘然移动
She floated down the steps to greet us.
她轻盈地下楼来迎接我们。汉译英
①没有足够深的水使船漂浮起来。
There wasn't enough water to float the ship.
②空气中飘浮有许多灰尘。
There is much dust floating in the air.
语法填空
③(2017·江苏高考卷)His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as __________(float)libraries，schools，and health clinics.
解析：句意：他的非营利性组织经营着100条船作为浮动的图书馆、学校和医疗门诊。floating ①As a result of this event，a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight.
因此，天空中形成的大量灰尘层阻挡住了太阳光线。
②We put a piece of cloth across the window to block out the sunlight.
我们把一块布横挂在窗子上遮住阳光。1．block out挡住(光线)；涂抹重 点 短 语(1)block out还可表示“忘掉，抹去；草拟，画……的简略图”等。
①Over the years she had tried to block out that part of her life.
多年来，她努力想把生命中的那段经历从记忆中抹去。
②I'll just block out the main buildings.
我将仅把主要建筑的草图勾画出来。
(2)block off (用路障)封锁，堵住；阻挡
block up 塞住；封住(孔、洞)
block one's way 挡住某人的去路①No road has been blocked off by the police when our president inspects any city.
当我们的总统视察任何城市时，不用警察封锁任何道路。
②A huge stone blocked the driver's way，so he had to find another one.
一块巨石挡住了司机的路，他只好另找出路。用block的适当短语填空
①That wall __________ all the light.
②You'd better __________ that hole in the wall; it's letting the cold in.
③The police __________ the street where the gunman was hiding.blocks out block up blocked off ①So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.
因此，我们走到卖花者面前，问她我们能否为这位女士买朵花让她高兴。
②Give Mary a call；she needs cheering up.
给玛丽打个电话，她需要安慰。2．cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋；(使)高兴起来(1)cheer...on为……鼓气，为……喝彩/加油
(2)cheer n．欢呼声 vt.欢呼；喝彩
cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的
cheerfully adv.高兴地
(3)cheers(用于祝酒)干杯；再见
①A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to cheer them on.
1 000名支持者挤进体育场里为他们加油。
②They are both very cheerful in spite of their colds.
他们俩虽然感冒了，可都兴高采烈。感到高兴的cheer用cheer的适当形式填空
①(2019·全国卷I)All the football players on the playground
__________ loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.
②When she saw Tom，she greeted him __________.
③He is __________ in spite of his illness.
完成句子
④__________(高兴起来)！Our troubles will soon be over.
⑤(天津高考)Cathy didn't expect any award but was still there to __________(加油)her friends.cheered cheerfully cheerful Cheer up cheer on Now that there is a new tunnel，the road is less dangerous.
既然有了一个新的隧道，这条路就不那么危险了。3．now that既然(1)now that“既然”，引导原因状语从句，相当于since，其中的that可以省略。
(2019·天津卷)Yet, now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape.
然而，既然我正在成长，我曾经知道得如此简单的世界正变得更加复杂，我发现自己需要一种逃避的方法。
(2)引导原因状语从句的其他连词：since，because，considering(that)，in that，as等。
Now(that) it benefits us so much，why not have a try?
既然它对我们的好处如此多，为什么不试一试呢？完成句子
①既然你已经决定去做，那么你就应该把它做好。
_____________________________________，you should do it well.
②既然这个问题已经解决，让我们进入下一个吧。
_____________________________________，let's come to the next.
③既然你发现了你的计划有问题，为什么不改变主意呢？
Why not change your mind, __________ you have found that there is something wrong with your plan?Now that you have decided to do it Now that the problem has been settled now that We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased.
我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。4．break out突发；爆发不被动的break out
break out强调战争、疾病、火灾等的突然爆发，一般不用于被动语态。
After a fire broke out in the lab，a lot of equipment was damaged.
实验室发生火灾后，很多设备被毁。break down 出故障；失败；垮掉；垮下来；分解
break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break away from 脱离；挣脱
The computer broke down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.
当他在电脑上查找信息时，电脑突然出故障了。图记break短语用break的适当短语填空
①(2017·浙江高考卷)Her friends came to help her when the war __________.
②The thief __________ my house and stole my money.
③Our plans have ______________ due to the bad management.
④The prisoner _________________ the policemen and escaped.broke out broke into broken down broke away from 语法填空
⑤When the fire broke __________，many people were shopping in the supermarket.
解析：句意：当火灾发生时，很多人正在超市里购物。break out“(战争、火灾、疾病等的)突然发生”。
⑥Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break __________ in disasters.
解析：句意：当无线网络在灾难中出故障的时候，老式手机就派上用场了。break down“(机器等)坏了；出毛病了；(人)身体垮了；失败；分解。”out down ①You'll be cheated if you don't watch out.
你如果不提防会受骗的。
②Watch out for the haze；it may do great harm to us.
当心这种雾霾天气，它可能对我们造成很大损害。5．watch out for密切注意；当心；提防(1)watch over 照看；看守
(2)look out 注意；当心 take care 注意；当心
be careful 注意；当心 keep a watch 守望；注视
There must have been an angel watching over me that day.
那天一定有个天使在照看着我。完成句子
①________________ anybody trying to come in this way.
对任何以这种方式来的人都要注意。
②You'll lose your figure if ___________________________
如果不多加注意，你就会失去苗条身段。
③Will you __________ the baby while I'm out?
我外出时你照料这个婴儿好吗？
④The police are ______________________ his movement.
警方密切注视着他的动向。Watch out for you don't watch out. watch over keeping a watch on (1)此句为复杂的简单句。
(2)名词短语an astronomer在句中作my friend Li Yanping的同位语。1．Last month I was_lucky_enough_to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping，an astronomer.
上个月，我有幸得到一个机会和我的朋友李彦平，一位天文学家，一起到太空旅行。经 典 句 式(3)句中．..enough to...是一个固定句式，意为“足够……以至于可以……”。enough往往放在它所修饰的形容词或副词之后，动词不定式用作结果状语。
①His family is not rich enough to afford the expensive tuition.
他的家庭不够富有来支付高昂的学费。
②(2019·全国卷I)The school uniforms are fine, but not special enough to give a unique Chinese flavour.
校服很好，但不够特别，不足以给人一种独特的中国风味。完成句子
①There were 20 students chosen to go abroad to study，and I ____________________ be one of them.
有二十个学生被选出到国外学习，我很幸运地成为其中一个。
②I don't know him well ___________________________.
我和他不够熟，不便请他帮忙。was lucky enough to enough to ask him for help (1)这是一个含有连词but的并列句。第一分句中含有when引导的时间状语从句，第二分句中含有“as...as...”句式。
(2)as...as...意为“像……一样……”，此结构用于否定可用“not as/so...as...”；和单数可数名词连用时，常用“as＋adj.＋a/an＋名词＋as”。2．When we get_closer_to the moon，we shall feel its gravity pulling us，but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth's.
当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。①They don't work as/so hard as those in that class.
他们不如那个班的学生勤奋。
②He is as clever a boy as his brother.
他和他的哥哥一样是个聪明的男孩。对比填空
①Mary is _________________ Daisy.
玛丽和戴西一样漂亮。
②Mary is ______________________ Daisy.
玛丽和戴西一样是个漂亮的女孩。as beautiful as as beautiful a girl as (1)此句为主从复合句，其中when引导时间状语从句；主句谓语found之后的宾语从句省略连接词that。
(2)twice as far as...为倍数表达形式，意为“是……的两倍远”；as far as...意为“远到……”。
Zheng He sailed as far as Madagascar off the coast of Southeast Africa.
郑和航海远达非洲东南海岸旁的马达加斯加岛。3．But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.
但当我试图往前走时，我发现自己被带到一个相当于地球上两倍远的地方并且摔倒了。倍数表达法
(1)倍数(a quarter，half，twice，three times，etc.)＋as...as...；倍数＋as much/many＋名词＋as
①This bridge is three times as long as that one.
这座桥的长度是那座桥的三倍。
②Your room is twice as large as mine.
你的房间是我的两倍大。
③He received three times as many presents as he had expected.
他收到的礼物是他预料的三倍。(2)倍数＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than；倍数＋more＋名词＋than
Asia is three times larger than Europe.
亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
(3)倍数＋the size/length/width/depth/height/amount of...
This river is a quarter the length of that one.
这条河是那条河的四分之一长。
(4)倍数＋what-clause
The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.
现在的产量是10年前的三倍。
(5)．..＋by＋倍数．..
Compared with that of last year，our coal output has increased by 3 times.
与去年相比，我们的煤产量增长了3倍。完成句子
①This rope is twice __________ that one.
这根绳子比那根绳子长两倍。
②Asia is four times __________ Europe.
亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。
③This street is four times __________ of that street.
这条街是那条街的四倍长。longer than as large as the length
