Unit 5 Section Ⅰ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We'll have a quiz(测验)at the end of the show.
2．Let me put your baggage(行李)in the trunk.
3．You can chat(聊天)to other people who are online.
4．The passengers were attracted by the scenery(景色)．
5．Can you measure(测量)the speed of this car?
6．We were all aboard(在船上)and ready to set sail.
7．Mr Smith lives within(在……范围内)ten miles of us.
8．There is a beautiful town on the border(边境线)of two countries.
9．Only a slight(轻微的)ache may be felt.
10．We are surrounded(包围)by lots of beautiful trees.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．We should help him rather_than he should help us.
2．We must take_measures_to reduce crimes in the area.
3．I must settle_down and do my homework.
4．The country has gone_through too many wars.
5．The little girl has_a_gift_for music and promises to be a musician.
6．If you compare her work with his，you'll find hers is much better.
7．The house is_surrounded_by high walls.
8．Our garden is_bordered_on one side by a stream.
9．Though we left home very late，we managed_to catch the last bus.
10．Finally he caught_sight_of the young man's light overcoat in the distance.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．We managed_to_get what we wanted by working hard.(manage)
通过努力工作，我们设法得到了我们想要的。
2．They decided to settle there forever rather_than_leave_the_village.(rather)
他们决定永久定居在那个村里而不是离开那儿。
3．My little brother has_a_gift_for_singing_songs.He has a golden voice.(gift)
我的小弟弟有唱歌的天赋。他有一副金嗓子。
4．After John came back from abroad，he decided_to_settle_down in his hometown.(settle)
约翰从国外回来后，他决定在家乡定居。
5．The best time to_catch__sight_of_those_birds is the early morning.(catch)
看见那些鸟的最佳时间是早晨。
6．They are_surrounded_by/with dangers.(surround)
他们陷入危险中。
7．We must take_immediate_measures_to fight against H7N9 flu.(measure)
我们必须采取紧急措施来对抗H7N9禽流感。
8．They have chatted__with__each_other for a long time about this situation.(chat)
对这个情况他们已彼此聊过很长时间了。
9．Don't leave_matches_within_the_reach_of__little__children.(within)
不要把火柴放在小孩子够得着的地方。
10．My car broke down when I drove_across_the_border.(border n．)
在我开车穿越边境时，车抛锚了。
Unit 5 Section Ⅰ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．New safety measures (措施) were demanded after that night's terrible train crash.
2．It is well-known that the world is made up of seven continents (洲) and four oceans.
3．His car knocked into a big tree for an unknown reason, and fortunately, he only got slightly (轻微地) injured.
4．The solar system has existed for 4.6 billion years and will not disappear within (在……之内) a long time.
5．The hotel porter took my baggage/luggage (行李) to my room, and I gave him a tip of ten yuan.
6．The man glared at the people who surrounded (包围) the tent.
7．It was a terrible accident. All passengers aboard (在船上) fell into the river.
8．The area borders (与……毗邻) on the Yorkshire Dales.
9．The salesgirl pretended not to hear me and went on chatting (闲谈) with a lady in blue.
10．The rural scenery (风景) was so beautiful that he decided to stay one more week.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．China is larger than any_other country in Asia.
2．When Maria first settled_down in Chengdu，she found herself unable to get used to the hot food.
3．I rushed all_the_way to the library to borrow the book I wanted.
4．Compared_with the other students，Henry has his advantages.
5．Henry lives within_easy_reach_of the station.
6．While we are in need of helping hands，we can manage_without them.
7．We're glad to see that the government has taken_measures to protect the environment.
8．Having_a_gift_for physics，Henry can always work out even the most difficult physics problems.
9．Rather_than stay home helping my parents，I hope to do some part-time job during the vacation.
10．When I caught_sight_of the director，I knew my chance came.
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．As we all know，an island is a piece of land surrounded(surround) by water.
解析：句意：我们都知道，岛屿是被水环绕的一块陆地。be surrounded by“被……环绕”。land与动词surround之间为被动关系，过去分词短语作后置定语。
2．Do you think that bridge measures(measure) 2,000 metres long? It doesn't appear that long.
解析：句意：你认为那座桥有2 000米长吗？似乎没那么长。measure在此表示“(测量后)有……长(宽、高、大等)”，无被动语态。
3．—Does Martin play the violin well?
—Yes.Actually，he has a gift for that.
解析：句意：——马丁拉小提琴很好吗？——是的，事实上，他有那方面的天分。play后跟乐器名词时，名词前用定冠词；have a gift for...“有……的天分”，为固定搭配。
4．Susan managed to_climb (climb) out of the car，apparently unhurt.
解析：句意：苏珊设法从车里爬了出来，很明显没有受伤。manage to do sth.“设法成功做某事”。
5．A bus accident happened yesterday.Luckily，only a few passengers aboard were slightly(slight) injured in the traffic accident.
解析：句意：昨天发生了一场公交车车祸。幸运的是，车上只有少数的乘客在交通事故中轻微受伤。slightly“稍微地”。
6．It was the way he spoke rather than what he said that made his dad angry.
解析：句意：是他说话的方式而不是他说的内容使他的爸爸生气。rather than“而不是”。
7．It's getting dark.We'd better find a hotel and settle down.
解析：句意：天快黑了。我们最好找家旅馆安顿下来。settle down“定居，安顿下来”。
8．The question seemed easy at first sight，but when the students tried to answer it，they discovered how difficult it was.
解析：句意：这个问题乍一看似乎容易，但当学生们努力解答时，发现它很难。at first sight“乍一看”。
9．—What is your sister doing now?
—She is on the phone，chatting(chat) with one of her schoolmates.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：——你的姐姐现在在做什么？——她在打电话，在和她的一位同学聊天。动词-ing在句中作伴随状语，动词chat与主语she之间为主动关系。
10．The young man was happy to sense that his dream was within reach.
解析：句意：这个年轻人感觉自己的梦想马上就可以实现了，他非常开心。within reach“触手可及，在附近”。
11．One of the teachers held the view thatwhat the book said was right.
解析：句意：其中一位老师坚信这本书所说是正确的。that引导同位语从句。
12．It is reported that they will use their natural(nature) resources and scenery to develop tourism.
解析：句意：据报道他们将利用自然资源和景色来发展旅游业。
13．Once you get to know Mark，you'll find him a very pleasant person to_chat(chat) with，even though he doesn't look so.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦你逐渐了解马克，你会发现他是一个与之聊天会很愉快的人，即使他看起来并非如此。a very pleasant person to chat with“一个与之聊天会很愉快的人”，to chat为不定式作后置定语，被修饰名词实际上作不定式的逻辑宾语。
14．When he turned around，he caught(catch) sight of Mr.Brown standing in the crowd.
解析：句意：当他转身时，他看见了布朗先生站在人群里。catch sight of“看见，瞥见”。
15．Hearing(hear) the good news，all the people present jumped with joy.
解析：句意：听到这个好消息，所有在场的人都高兴地跳了起来。根据句子结构特点，此处需要非谓语动词，hear与句子主语people之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
OTTAWA—Canada's western city of Calgary is the world's best city when it comes to healthy living, local press reported Monday.
According to an international survey by Mercer Human Resource Consulting, a London-based consulting firm, Calgary was put at top of a list of 144 cities. It scored 121 points, just above Honolulu's score of 120. Helsinki (赫尔辛基，芬兰首都) and Ottawa followed at 119.5 and 118.5 respectively.
Three other Canadian cities came in the top 20. Montreal and Vancouver tied for 9th and Toronto came in at 18th.
The scores are based on air pollution levels, availability and quality of hospitals and medical supplies, as well as the efficiency of waste removal and sewage systems.
In America, the lowest scoring city was Atlanta, which was ranked 76th. Athens was the lowest scoring city in Western Europe, ranking 120th because of its air pollution. London was ranked 59th.
文章大意：根据当地媒体在星期一的报道，当涉及到健康的生活时，加拿大卡尔加里西部的渥太华是世界上最好的城市。
1．How many Canadian cities are in the top 20？B
A．3. B．4.
C．5. D．6.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段及第三段第一句“Three other Canadian cities came in the top 20.”可知，有四个加拿大城市排名前20。
2．Which of the following is NOT taken into account when the cities were scored？A
A．Weather conditions. B．Air quality.
C．Waste removal. D．Medical supplies.
解析：细节理解题。第四段提到评定考虑的因素有空气状况、医疗还有垃圾清理，故A项不在考虑范围之内。
3．Among the following cities, which is the lowest scoring one？B
A．Atlanta. B．Athens.
C．London. D．Helsinki.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句及全文内容可知B项得分最低。
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？C
A．Canada's eastern city of Calgary is the world's best city.
B．The lowest scoring city in Western Europe was Atlanta.
C．London was better than Athens in air condition.
D．Montreal was no better than Vancouver.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知C项正确。
Ⅴ.完形填空
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Once there was a family of squirrels who lived in a large oak tree.They had lived there for many generations and it gave them all that they needed to 1.D，so they never left its branches.Then the tree started to die and it stopped producing 2.C for them，so the family of squirrels had a 3.C to decide what they should do next.
The oldest son，Nifty，said，“We need to 4.B.We will starve to death 5.A we stay here，”Uncle Nutty answered，“We can't do that.We'll be 6.C for sure.The hawks，foxes and bears are just waiting for us to leave this 7.D.”After much discussion，the whole family decided to8.B in the old oak tree except for Nifty.Nifty 9.A the tree and was never heard again.“See？” Uncle Nutty said to the 10.C of the family，“I told you that the hawks，foxes or bears would get him ！”
However，the squirrels were 11.D，so one by one they left.Eventually，only Uncle Nutty was left in the old oak tree.You could 12.B his ribs (肋骨) through his skin as it had been a long time since he had last 13.A.Meanwhile，just 100 meters away in the same 14.C，the rest of the squirrel family were living 15.D together in a lovely oak tree that was supplying all of their needs.
The world is always changing.Book publishers，DVD rental companies and car manufacturers might be 16.B a few years ago，but they are hurting now.Yet some people are 17.B hanging on，thinking that the 18.D to change is greater than that to stay where they are.They're 19.A！Don't be Uncle Nutty.Change now before it's too 20.C.
文章大意：作者通过松鼠一家的故事，告诫我们做事情不要墨守成规，要大胆尝试。
1．A.hide B．produce
C．grow D．live
解析：逻辑推理题。句意：它们在那里住了好多代了，而且这棵树给它们提供了生活(live)需要的所有东西。故选D。
2．A.protection B．clothes
C．food D．apartment
解析：逻辑推理题。根据下文的starve(挨饿；饿死)一词可推断这棵树死了就不能给松鼠一家提供食物(food)了。
3．A.performance B．class
C．meeting D．plan
解析：逻辑推理题。由下文的意思可知Nifty和Nutty两只松鼠意见不一，可见它们开了一个家庭会议(meeting)。
4．A.improve B．move
C．try D．develop
解析：词语辨析题。由下文可知，Nifty想搬出(move)这棵树，到别的地方寻找食物。
5．A.if B．unless
C．before D．though
解析：逻辑推理题。句意：我们需要搬走。如果(if)我们停留在这里，我们将会饿死的。
6．A.met B．remembered
C．killed D．discovered
解析：词语辨析题。根据下文的“The hawks，foxes and bears are just waiting for us(鹰、狐狸和熊都在等着我们)”，可推断Nutty说如果它们搬出去了，它们必然会被这些动物杀死(kill)。
7．A.mountain B．village
C．family D．tree
解析：词语复现题。这里指代的就是上文的那棵橡树。故选D。
8．A.jump B．stay
C．lie D．sit
解析：词语辨析题。句意：除了Nifty，其他的松鼠都决定待在(stay)那棵橡树里。
9．A.left B．cut
C．planted D．watered
解析：词语辨析题。根据对上下文的理解，可知Nifty离开了(left)。
10．A.children B．member
C．rest D．other
解析：逻辑推理题。根据文意，可知只有Nifty一只松鼠离开了，其余的(the rest)都留在那里了。故选C。
11．A.brave B．angry
C．bored D．hungry
解析：词语辨析题。根据上下文可知剩下的那些松鼠由于挨饿(hungry)，都受不了了，因此一个一个地相继离开。
12．A.imagine B．see
C．touch D．count
解析：词语辨析题。句意：你可以通过他的皮肤看到(see)他的肋骨……。
13．A.eaten B．rested
C．fought D．walked
解析：词语辨析题。根据文意，可知Nutty是长时间没有吃过(eaten)东西了。故选A。
14．A.pool B．garden
C．forest D．sea
解析：背景常识题。根据常识，可推断必然是在森林(forest)里找到了另外的一棵橡树了。故选C。
15．A.worriedly B．carelessly
C．fearlessly D．comfortably
解析：逻辑推理题。根据下文的“in a lovely oak tree”，可知其他的松鼠都很舒服地住在那里。
16．A.upset B．popular
C．grateful D．disappointed
解析：逻辑推理题。由连词but可知书刊出版、DVD租赁和汽车生产商过去是比较受欢迎的(popular)。
17．A.even B．still
C．always D．never
解析：逻辑推理题。根据对上下文的理解，可知作者认为有些人仍然(still)墨守成规。
18．A.aim B．reaction
C．answer D．risk
解析：词语辨析题。前文提到了有些人仍然墨守成规，他们认为去改变比停留在原来那里的风险(risk)更大。
19．A.wrong B．smart
C．dishonest D．proud
解析：逻辑推理题。根据文意，可知作者认为这些人的想法是错误的(wrong)。
20．A.obvious B．worrying
C．late D．far
解析：词语辨析题。句意：在不是太晚之前就要做出改变。
Ⅵ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
As we all know, over seventy percent of our planet are covered by sea, where is rich in salt as well as fish. What's more, there is a great deal of oil and gas under the sea. In another words, the sea is the place with so many things we live in.
However, with the world population increased rapidly, over-fishing had become a serious problem. Every day a lot of rubbish and waste are poured into the sea, so the sea is bad polluted. As the result, the number of fish has obviously decreased. Besides, some are dying out or have been died out.
Therefore, it is time for everybody protect the sea.
答案：
As we all know, over seventy percent of our planet covered by sea, is rich in salt as well as fish. What's more, there is a great deal of oil and gas under the sea. In words, the sea is the place with so many things we live .
However, with the world population rapidly, over-fishing become a serious problem. Every day a lot of rubbish and waste are poured into the sea, so the sea is polluted. As result, the number of fish has obviously decreased. Besides, some are dying out or have been died out.
Therefore, it is time for everybody protect the sea.
课件98张PPT。Unit 5 Canada——“The True North” Section Ⅰ Warming up & Reading自 主 预 习Ⅰ.单词速记
1．__________(n.)测验；问答比赛
2．__________(n.)行李
3．__________(vi.& n．)聊天；闲聊
4．__________(prep.& adv.)在(船、飞机、火车或公共汽车)上
5．__________(prep.)在……之内
6．__________(n.)边界；国界；边沿
(vt.& vi.)与……接壤；接近quiz baggage chat aboard within border 7．__________(adj.)城市的；市镇的
8．__________ (n.)景色；风景→__________(n.)情景；场景
9．__________ (adv.& adj.)向东；向东的→__________(adv.& adj.)向西；向西的→__________(adv.& adj.)向上地；向上的
10．__________(vt.)包围；围绕→________________(adj.)周围的→______________(n.)环境；周边事物
11．__________ (vt.& vi.)测量；衡量→__________(n.)计量制；计量单位；措施
12．__________(adj.)轻微的；微小的→__________(adv.)稍稍；轻微地urban scenery scene eastward westward upward surround surrounding surroundings measure measure slight slightly Ⅱ.短语互译
1．rather than ________________
2．settle down ___________________
3．manage to do __________
4．看见；瞥见 ______________
5．对……有天赋 _______________
6．自然资源 ________________与其；不愿 定居；平静下来；专心于 设法做成 catch sight of have a gift for natural resources Ⅲ.课文理解
First 略读主旨
1．Match the general idea of every paragraph.
Para.1__________ A．The train rushed towards Toronto.
Para.2__________ B．Li Daiyu and her cousin were on a trip to Canada.
Para.3__________
C．Canada's border，population，agriculture and lakes.
Para.4__________ D．Talking something about Vancouver—its position，scenery.
Para.5__________ E．Calgary is famous for the Calgary Stampede.BDECA2．What does the passage tell us？__________
A．The scenery of Canada.
B．A trip of two girls and some information about Canada.
C．The population of Canada.
D．Some cities of Canada.BSecond 细读细节
1．What is “The True North” according to the text？__________
A．The northern part of Canada.
B．The name of a part of Canada.
C．The name that they call the whole country.
D．The name of the train that goes across Canada.D2．Why are the cousins not flying direct to the Atlantic coast？__________
A．Because they didn't have enough money.
B．Because they want to take the train to have a good view of Canada.
C．Because the aeroplane is so fast.
D．Because the distance from the west coast to the east isn't so long.
3．According to the text, the route of Li Daiyu and Liu Qian's journey is __________.
A．Vancouver→Calgary→Thunder Bay→Toronto→Montreal
B．Calgary→Vancouver→Thunder Bay→Toronto→Montreal
C．Toronto→Calgary→Thunder Bay→Vancouver→Montreal
D．Thunder Bay→Calgary→Toronto→Vancouver→MontrealBA4．What makes Vancouver so special？__________
A．It is surrounded by mountains on the north and east.
B．It is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean on the south.
C．Its population is decreasing very rapidly.
D．People can ski in the Rocky Mountains and sail in the harbour.
5．Which of the following statements about Canada is TRUE？__________
A．Canada has the largest amount of fresh water in the world.
B．Canada is empty within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border.
C．Canada is 55,000 kilometres from coast to coast.
D．All the Canadians have a gift for riding wild horses.DAThird 精读语篇
Li Daiyu and Liu Qian were 1.__________ a trip to Canada. Their friend, Danny Lin, took them to catch “The True North” and the three 2.__________ (chat) about their trip. He told them one cannot cross Canada in less than five days 3.__________ Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. 4.__________ (go) eastward, they would see beautiful scenery as well as cities. Vancouver is 5.__________ (surround) by mountains and the Pacific Ocean. And its population is increasing 6.__________ (rapid). Aboard the train, the cousins settled 7.__________ in the seats. When they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed 8.__________ (catch) sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. on chatted because Going surrounded rapidly down to catch Calgary is famous for the Calgary Stampede and 9.__________ (attract) many cowboys who have 10.__________ gift for riding wild horses. Then they went through a wheat-growing province and across Thunder Bay. As they slept, the train rushed towards Toronto.attracts aFourth 研读难句
1. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days，but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast.
分析：本句是一个并列复合句。__________连接两个并列分句。两个分句各含有一个that引导的__________从句。
译文：有些人认为在不到5天的时间里就能穿越加拿大，但是他们忘记了这样一个事实：加拿大从东海岸到西海岸共有5 500千米。but 同位语 2. At school，they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border，and that Canada's population is only slightly over thirty million，but now they were amazed to see such an empty country.
分析：本句是一个并列复合句。but连接两个并列分句。第一个分句中，learned后是and连接的两个__________从句，都由__________引导。
译文：在学校，她们学过大多数加拿大人居住在靠近美国几百千米以内的边境地带，加拿大的人口也只有三千万多一点，但现在看到这样一个空旷的国家，她们很吃惊。宾语 that 3．That night as they slept，the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior，through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.
分析：本句是一个复合句。as引导的是__________状语从句。
译文：那天夜里她们睡着时，火车越过苏必利尔湖的上游，穿过大森林，向着南部的多伦多飞驰。时间 合 作 探 究(1)n. 闲谈；聊天
①Drop in for a chat if you leave an hour to spare this evening.
如果今晚能抽出一小时的话，到我家里来聊天吧。
②I had a chat about the old days with Jack.
我和杰克聊了过去的时光。1．chat重 点 词 汇(2)v. 闲谈；聊天
①They chatted away like old friends.
他们像老朋友似的聊天。
②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.
结果表明那些和他们的服务员聊天的人报告说有更高涨的积极情感和更好的咖啡店经历。(1)chat about 谈论
We sat in the café for hours chatting about our experiences.
我们在咖啡馆坐了几个小时，大谈各自的经历。
(2)chat with/to和……谈论
Helen chatted with most of the guests at the party.
海伦在晚会上和大多数客人都攀谈了。
(3)chat sb.up 与……搭讪；与……调情
①We found Doug in the bar trying to chat up a waitress.
我们看见道格在酒吧里想要和女招待搭讪。②He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流)．
他喜欢他能坐在那里平静地看手机，如果他想交流的话，他可以和同姓的店主聊聊天。填入恰当的介词或副词
①The other day，the famous actor had a chat __________ netizens.
前几天，这位著名演员与网民进行了聊天。
②They sat waiting，chatting __________ nothing.
他们一边坐着等，一边闲聊。with about ①People say it is Canada's most beautiful city，surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
人们说它(温哥华)是加拿大最美丽的城市，被大山和太平洋环抱。
②They surrounded the sick girl with every comfort.
他们尽力使那个生病的女孩感到舒适。
③The diamond is surrounded by six smaller jewels.
这枚钻石由6枚稍小一点儿的宝石环绕着。2．surround vt.包围；围绕④(2018·天津高考)Now we live in a world surrounded by the “can't do” attitudes.
现在我们生活在一个“不能”态度围绕的世界。(1)surround...with...用……包围……
be surrounded with/by...被……包围/环绕
(2)surrounding adj.周围的；附近的
(3)surroundings n．环境；周边事物
They lived amid beautiful surroundings.
他们生活在优美的环境中。surroundings指周围具体的、物质性的环境，而environment指对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活的环境条件。一言助记surround
The lake is surrounded with trees and so its surrounding area looks beautiful.And I'd like to bring up my children in such healthy surroundings.
那个湖被树木环绕着，因此它周围的地区看上去很漂亮。我乐意在这样健康的环境中抚养我的孩子们。用surround的正确形式填空
①(湖北高考改编)They built themselves large villas(别墅)in the wooded ________________ of the town.
②When the car stopped in the town square it __________________ by soldiers.
③(北京高考改编)That means a transparent(透明的)object doesn't look very different from the __________ air or water.
④(2019·江苏卷)Steve arrived and sat in the front row，__________ by his family.surroundings was surrounded surrounding surrounded 语法填空
⑤(2017 江苏高考卷，32改编)Determining where we are in relation to our __________ (surround) remains an essential skill for our survival.
解析：句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。surroundings 指周围具体的物质环境。surroundings (1)v.测量；度量；判定；估量
①A ship's speed is measured in knots.
船速以节测量。
②He's gone to be measured for a new suit.
他去量尺寸做新衣服去了。
③Education shouldn't be measured purely by examination results.
教育不应该纯粹用考试成绩来衡量。3．measure④(2017·天津高考卷)Keep the tone measured：don't handle it too lightly，as people can be offended，especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture.
让你的语调可以被估量：不要太轻的处置它，因为人们可能被激怒尤其是如果你的错误预示着你对他们文化的误解的时候。(2)n.[C]措施；方法[sing.]尺度；标准；程度[C，U]计量单位；计量标准
①We must take measures to stop pollution.
我们必须采取措施来制止污染。
②Sending flowers is a measure of how much you care.
送花就说明你是多么关心。
③A meter is a measure of length and kilogram is a measure of weight.
米是长度单位，公斤是重量单位。
(1)measure...by...用……来衡量……
be measured by/in 用……来衡量/计算
(2)take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事
take one's measure 量某人的尺寸
make sth.to sb.'s measure 照某人的尺寸做某物
We should take proper measures to improve our teaching.
我们应当采取适当的措施提高教学质量。measure意为“有……长(宽、高、重)”时，为不及物动词，没有被动形式。采取措施学measure完成句子
①The tailor ____________________ and he would _____________ a suit _____________________.
裁缝给我量了尺寸，并且将根据我的尺寸给我做一套衣服。
②(天津高考)They call on people and the government to _______________ to fight against it.
他们号召人们和政府采取措施与它(光污染)做斗争。took my measure make to my measure take measures 语法填空
③(2019·全国卷I)This smart keyboard precisely __________ (measure)the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.
解析：句意：这个智能键盘精确地测量一个人打字的节奏和手指用到每一个键盘的力度。
④(2017·江苏高考卷)This nature of data makes the antitrust __________(measure)of the past less useful.
解析：句意：数据的这种属性让过去的反垄断措施更加无用。measure作措施讲时为可数名词，故用复数。measures measures ①There are two long rivers within the continent.
这块大陆有两条长河。
②It is within our power to reward him for that.
我们有权为那件事奖赏他。
③(2017·全国高考卷Ⅱ)In the coming months，we are bringing together artists form all over the globe，to enjoy speaking Shakespeare's plays in their own language，in our globe，within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for.
在未来的几个月，我们将会把全世界的艺术家召集在一起，来享受在我们这个星球上，在莎士比亚的协作体系内用他们的语言说莎士比亚的戏剧。4．within prep.在……之内within one's power/ability 力所能及
within eyesight 在视力范围之内within表示状态时还可作“在……内心里”解；表示环境时作“在(某组织、团体等的)成员当中”解；表示数目时作“不超出”解。其反义词是beyond。完成句子
①I'm afraid I can't __________________________.
我恐怕不能在这周内完成这份报告。
②There's a bell _____________________.
病人伸手可及之处有个电铃。
③He kept _____________________ yesterday.
他昨天一整天待在屋里。finish the report within this week within the patient's reach within doors all day 语法填空
④(2019·江苏卷)__________ two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across.
解析： 句意：在两年内，它达到了将近1 400英尺的最高点，超过半英里宽。within意为“在……之内”。
⑤To ensure the safety，parents should not put the medicine
__________ the reach of their children.
解析：句意：为了确保安全，父母不应该把药放在他们的孩子够得着的地方。within the reach of sb.“在某人够得着的地方”，符合题意。Within within ⑥(2017·全国高考卷Ⅱ)However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and __________ six months，more than 25,000 people were using it every day.
解析：句意：然而，铁路很快被证明是非常成功的，在六个月内，25 000多人每天都在用它。within (1)n.边界；国界；边沿
①You must go through customs in order to pass across the border.
你们必须通过海关过境。
②He is on the border of fifty.
他年近50岁。
(2)vt.& vi.与……接壤；接近
What you are doing borders on the ridiculous.
你所做的事近乎可笑。5.border(1)across the border 跨越边界
on the border of 在……的边界；在……的边缘
(2)border on 近乎；邻近，接界填入恰当的介词
①He fled __________ the border to freedom.
②China borders __________ India.
③They live __________ the border of starvation.across on on ①They were all aboard the ship last night.
昨天夜里他们都在船上。
②It's time to go aboard.
上船的时间到了。
③The plane crashed，killing all 180 people aboard.
飞机坠毁了，机上180人全部遇难。
④The boat is ready to leave.All aboard!
船就要开了，请大家上船！6．aboard prep.& adv. 在(船、飞机、火车或公共汽车)上go aboard (a ship/plane/train) 上(船、飞机或火车)
all aboard 该上船(或飞机、火车、公共汽车等)了
welcome aboard 欢迎乘坐
on board 在船(车、飞机等)上
board vt.& vi. 上船(车、飞机等) n. 木板；板子完成句子
As soon as we went __________ the ship，it left the port.
我们一上船，船就离开了港口。
解析：go aboard the ship“上船”。aboard ①Rather than take the aeroplane all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.
她们不想一路乘飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。
②(福建高考)Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life rather than to judge everything so harshly.
很快，她学会了欣赏生活而不是刻薄地判断每一件事情。1．rather than与其；不愿；而不是重 点 短 语③(2018·新课标Ⅲ卷)Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.
今天许多中国人正在学习西方方式和理论而不是关注中国传统。would rather...than...宁愿……而不愿……
prefer to do...rather than do宁愿做……而不愿做……
other than 不同于；除了……以外
or rather 更确切地说
①I'd rather play football than play basketball.
我宁愿踢足球而不愿打篮球。
②She has no friend other than you.
除了你之外，她就没有别的朋友了。would rather...than...宁愿……而不愿……
prefer to do...rather than do宁愿做……而不愿做……
other than 不同于；除了……以外
or rather 更确切地说
①I'd rather play football than play basketball.
我宁愿踢足球而不愿打篮球。
②She has no friend other than you.
除了你之外，她就没有别的朋友了。(1)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
(2)rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to，但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to的不定式。
You rather than I are going to go camping.
是你而不是我要去野营。完成句子
①(2019·天津卷)Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links __________ a few strong ones.
例如，大多数食物网是由许多薄弱环节组成的，而不是几个较强的环节。
②Kids _______________________ study.
孩子们宁愿玩也不愿学习。
③Sue never carried anything __________ a small purse.
苏从来都只带着一个小钱包。rather than would rather play than other than ④He got home late last night，__________ early this morning.
他昨晚很晚，更确切地说，今天一清早才回到家。
⑤(2017·天津高考卷)Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport __________ vehicles you own.
无人驾驶汽车可能最终是公共交通的一种形式，而不是你自己拥有的汽车。or rather rather than (1)舒适地坐下(或躺下)
He settled down in his armchair to read a new novel.
他安坐在扶手椅里读一本新小说。
(2)(在某地)定居下来；过安定的生活
When are you going to get married and settle down?
你打算什么时候成家，安居下来？
(3)(使某人)安静下来，平静下来
The chairman tried to settle the audience down.
会议主席试图让听众安静下来。2．settle down(4)开始认真对待；定下心来做
He find it hard to settle down to his work.
他觉得定下心来工作很难。settle down意为“定居；平静下来；专心于”时，不及物；意为“使……平静下来”时，及物。settle in/into (使)适应(新的国家、工作、环境等)
settle on 决定 settle up 付清欠款
Immediately after settling up，he left the hotel and hurried to the railway station.
他一结清账，便马上离开旅馆，匆忙赶往火车站。一言助记settle down
After this panda settled down in the
mountain，she settled herself down.Look！She is settling down to eating leaves of bamboo.
这只大熊猫定居在这座山里之后，她终于让自己平静下来了。看！她现在正在专心地吃竹叶。完成句子
①(2017·全国高考卷Ⅱ)After the 1905 revolution，the company eventually __________ in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.
在1905年革命之后，这家公司最终在二十世纪二十年代末期在特拉维夫定居下来。
②I hate all this travel; I want to get married and ________________(定居下来)．settled settle down 语法填空
③(2019·全国卷I)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human __________(settle), leading to a belief that populations are increasing.settlements ①The little boy managed to go back home from the park outside the town himself.
小男孩独自从城外的公园回家。
②How did you manage to make them agree to your plan?
你怎么让他们同意你的计划的？
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)I managed to get an A in that course.
我设法在那门课中得到A。3．manage to do 设法做成了(1)口语中manage常与can，could，be able to连用，表示“能对付”
(2)manage it 能做到
(3)manage on 凑合；将就
—Do you need any help with the box?
需要帮忙搬这个箱子吗？
—Thanks，but I can manage myself.
谢谢！我自己能对付。完成句子
①We _______________ him smoking in bed，but he would not listen.
我们试图阻止他在床上吸烟，但他就是不听。
②If you can ________________ it，everything will change.
如果你设法将这件事做成了，一切都会发生改变。tried to stop manage to do 语法填空
③Your house is always so neat—how do you manage __________ with three children?
解析：句意：你的房间总是那么整洁——带着三个孩子你是怎么做到的？manage it“设法做成某事”。
④(2017·全国高考卷Ⅱ，68) Later, engineers __________(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.
解析：句意：后来，工程师设法在深隧道系统里建造了铁路，这作为地铁而出名。本题叙述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时，故填managed。it managed Suddenly I turned and caught sight of Mary.
突然我转过身看到了玛丽。4．catch sight of看见；瞥见lose sight of看不见；忽略
out of sight看不见……
at first sight乍一看
at the sight of 一看见……
in/within sight of 在看得见……的地方①He was so devoted to his novel that he lost sight of the time.
他专心于写小说，竟连时间都忘了。
②The piece of paper fell onto the surface of the river and floated away out of sight.
这张纸掉到了河面上，漂走看不见了。
③(2017·全国高考卷Ⅰ)Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context.
有时候我们忽略了音乐是有更广阔背景的。完成句子
①I have __________ my old friends for many years.
我已多年没有见到我的老朋友了。
②Don't let me __________ you doing it again!
别让我再看到你做这种事了！
③They fell in love with each other _______________.
他们一见面就坠入情网。
④_____________，out of mind.
眼不见，心不想。lost sight of catch sight of at first sight Out of sight ①Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.
他们中许多人都有骑野马的才能，他们能赢得几千美元的奖金。
②He has a gift for learning languages.
他有学语言的天赋。5．have a gift for 对……有天赋①He is gifted in music.
他有音乐的天赋。
②(2017·全国高考卷Ⅱ，68)Before the school year ended，I gave the kids a special gift.
在这个学期结束前，我给了孩子们一件特殊的礼物。一句多译
①众所周知，郎朗是一位有天赋的钢琴家/对(弹)钢琴有天赋。
a．As is known to us all，____________________________.
b．As is known to us all，__________________________________________.
②据说那个年轻人有唱歌天赋。
a．It is said that ___________________________________.
b．It is said that _________________________________.Lang Lang is a gifted pianist Lang Lang has a gift for playing the piano the young man has a gift for singing the young man is gifted in singing (1)此句为结构复杂的简单句。
(2)going eastward为现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于状语从句as you go eastward。现在分词作状语可表示伴随、时间、原因、让步、结果、方式和条件等。1．Going eastward，you'll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests，as well as wide rivers and large cities.
一路东行，你会经过一座座山脉，上千个湖泊、森林，还有宽阔的河流和许多大城市。经 典 句 式(3)as well as既……又……，可连接两个平行结构。
①Being very weak，she couldn't move.
她由于身体很虚弱而不能行动。
②Working hard，you will succeed.
如果努力工作，你就可以成功。
③The company needs a worker who has experience as well as knowledge.
这家公司需要一位既有知识又有经验的工人。仿写句子
①_____________________，you will see many tall elegant buildings ___________________________________________.
沿着这条河前行，你不仅会看到赏心悦目的花草，而且会看到很多高大典雅的楼群。Going along the river as well as pleasant flowers and grass 单句完形
②(2019·天津卷，8)Amy, as well as her brothers, __________a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A．is given B．are given
C．was given D．were given
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村里时受到了热烈的欢迎。A as well as B 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由A，也就是本题中的Amy决定；由last week 可知，give表示的动作发生在过去，且Amy与give是被动关系，因此，选C项。C完成句子
③(2017·全国高考卷Ⅲ)But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains _____________________.
但是萨拉和顶级模特一起参加演出是想证明她不但漂亮而且有头脑。
语法填空
④__________(stand) in a long queue，we waited for the store to open to buy a new iPad.
解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：排成长队，我们等着店铺开门来买一台新的苹果平板电脑。stand与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，要用v.-ing形式作状语。as well as beauty Standing 2．Skiing in the Rocky Mountains and sailing in the harbour make Vancouver one of Canada's most popular cities to live in.
落基山脉可以滑雪，海港供你扬帆，这些使得温哥华成为加拿大最受欢迎的居住城市之一。①Collecting information about children's health is his job.
收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。
②John is the best man to do the job.
约翰是做这项工作的最佳人选。仿写句子
①终日忙于那么多的活动，使老人成为备受关注(pay attention to)的人物之一。
_____________________________ every day ___________________________ the persons ____________________.Being busy with so many activities makes the old man one of paid attention to 单句完形
②(2019·天津卷，4)__________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
A. Learn B． Learned
C. Learning D． Having learned
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：学会批判性的思考，是现在的孩子为了未来(的发展)所需要具备的一项重要技能。本空在主句中做主语，应该用动名词形式，因此选C项。C语法填空
③We're having a meeting in half an hour.The decision __________(make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
解析：句意：我们半小时之后要开个会。在会上要做的这个决定将会影响我们公司的未来。由句意可知，非谓语动词作decision的定语。make和decision之间是被动关系，且是将来发生的动作，应用不定式的被动形式。to be made表被动和将来。to be made (1)句子主干部分为so...that...“如此……以至于……”结构，that引导结果状语从句。而句中some measuring over 90 metres为独立主格结构，此处相当于which引导的非限制性定语从句some of which measure over 90 metres。
(2)some measuring over 90 metres属“代词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。
“主语＋分词”是独立主格结构的一种形式，当主语和分词之间是主动关系时，用现在分词形式；主语和分词之间是被动关系时，用过去分词形式。3．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.
那儿的湿度很大，所以树长得很高，有些高90多米。①Winter coming，it gets colder and colder.
冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
②More time given，we should have done it much better.
若给更多时间，我们会做得更好。句型转换
①When the test was finished，we began our holiday.
→___________________，we began our holiday.
②If weather permits，we will go out for a picnic tomorrow.
→__________________ we will go out for a picnic tomorrow.The test finished Weather permitting
