人教新目标2020年中考英语二轮复习学案：专题3 数词

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台


专题3：数词
1、数词的定义：表示数目多少或顺序先后的词为数词。
2、数词的分类：数词可分为基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量的多少，序数词 表示顺序的先后。
3、数词的用法
基数词的用法
I. 基数词的构成。
基数词1-12是独立的单词。
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
基数词13-19是在个位数后面加-teen构成，其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen是不规则变化。
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
整十的基数词20-90是在个位数词后面加-ty构成，其中twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty是不规则变化。
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
非整十基数词21-99是在十位数后面加上个位数构成，中间加上连字符“-”。
twenty-one, seventy-six, eighty-eight
三位数以上的基数词，百位数和十位数之间用and连接。
two hundred and one, three thousand five hundred and fourteen
英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个单位，在表示“万”和“亿”时，把“万”念成10个千，“十万”念成100个千，“亿”念成100个百万……以此类推。
10,000：ten thousand
100,000: a hundred thousand
100,000,000: a hundred million
35, 845: thirty-five thousand, eight hundred and forty-five
II. hundred, thousand, million 和billion的用法。
hundred, thousand, million和billion等表示确切数字时，只用其单数形式；但是在表示不确切数字时，要用其复数形式，并且与of连用，表示约数。
e.g:1. There are more than three hundred days in a year. 一年有三百多天。
2. Thousands of visitors travel to the Great Wall every year. 每年有成千上万的游客游玩长城。
III. 基数词表示编号。
例如：
Lesson Five (the fifth lesson) 第五课
Room 306 306房间
Page Twelve (the twelfth page) 第十二页
Class One, Grade Six 六年级一班
② 序数词的用法。
I. 序数词的构成。
序数词1-3是独立的单词。
first, second, third
基数词4-19是在基数词后面加-th构成，其中fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, thirteenth, fifteenth是不规则变化。
fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth
整十的基数词20-90变序数词时，变y为i再加“eth”。
twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eighties, ninetieth
21以上非整十基数词变序数词时，只需将其个位数变成序数词，其它位数仍用基数词。
twenty-first, seventy-sixth, two hundred and eighty-eighth
II. 使用序数词时，前面经常加上定冠词the。
e.g: 1. He is always the first person to reach school. 他总是第一个到达学校。
2. This is the third time for me to go to Beijing. 这是我第三次去北京。
4、各种数的表达
I. 日期的表达。
英语中的日期表达采用“月、日、年”或“日、月、年”的顺序。年份用基数词表达，日期用序数词表达。
例如：
10月1日：October 1st / the first of October
2006年7月5日：July 5th, 2006 / the fifth of July, 2006
II. 时间的表达。
直接表达法
用基数词 + o’clock来表示整点，注意o’clock须用单数，可以省略。
例如：
eight o’clock 八点钟，ten (o’clock) 十点钟
用基数词按“钟点 + 分钟”的顺序直接写出时间。
例如：
eleven five 十一点零五分，six forty六点四十
间接表达法
如果分钟数少于30分钟，可用分钟 + past + 钟点表示，其中past是介词，意思是“过”。
例如：
twenty past four 四点二十 eight past one 一点零八分
如果分钟数多于30分钟，可用（60分钟-原分钟数）+ to +（原钟点数+ 1）表示，其中to是介词，意思是“差”。
例如：
8:35 可表示为twenty-five to nine 差二十五分钟九点，即八点三十五（其中的分钟数twenty-five 是由60分钟减去35分钟得到的；钟点数nine是由8加上1得到的）。
注意：
① 当分钟数是15分钟时，可用名词quarter （一刻钟）表示。例如：
7:15可表示为 a quarter past seven， 12:15可表示为 a quarter past twelve
② 当分钟数是30分钟时，可用名词half （一半）表示。
例如：
9:30 可表示为 half past nine，3:30可表示为 half past three。
III. 四则混合运算：加、减、乘、除的表达。
1+1=2 One plus one is two. 一加一等于二。
10-3=7 Ten minus three is seven. 十减三等于七。
9×8=72 Nine times/multiplied by two is eighteenth. 九乘二等于十八。
16÷2=8 Sixteen divided by two is eight. 十六除以二等于八。
IV. 分数的表达。
分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母加s表示复数。
例如：
1/3 one third 3/8 three eighths
V. 年龄的表达。
表示“几岁”，用“基数词+years old”，“years old”也可以省略。
e.g: The boy is twelve (years old). 这个男孩十二岁了。
表示“在……年龄时”，用“at the age of +基数词”表示。
e.g: He learned to play the piano at the age of six. 他六岁的时候开始学弹钢琴。
表示“在……几十岁时”，用“in one’s +整十的复数”表示。
e.g: The man became a millionaire in his fifties. 这个男的在他五十多岁的时候成为了百万富翁。
VI. 次数的表达。
一次：once
二次：twice
三次及以上：基数词+times
three times 三次 ten times 十次 twenty-eight times 二十八次
VII. 倍数的表达。
A is +倍数+as +形容词原级+as B “A 是B的多少倍”。
e.g: This room is twice as big as that one. 这个教室是那个教室的两倍大。
A is +倍数 +形容词比较级+than B “A 比B大（多、高……）多少倍”。
e.g: This car is three times more expensive than that truck. 这辆汽车比那辆卡车贵三倍。
VIII. 数量词的用法。
表示长、宽、高，用“基数词+单位词（meter, kilometer, foot, inch等）+形容词（long, wide, high等）” 表示。
two meters long 两米长
three inches high 三英尺高
four inches wide 四英寸宽
表示时间、距离时，用含有数词的名词所有格形式作定语。
five minutes’ walk 步行五分钟
two hours’ ride 骑车两小时
由数词和其它名词组成的复合数词，其中的名词用单数形式，各部分之间用连字符“-”来连接。
a three-month-old baby 一个三个月大的婴儿
a five-day holiday 五天的假期
④ 复合数词相当于一个形容词，用来修饰名词，不能作表语。
The building is ten meters high.（√）
This is a ten-meter-high building.（√）
The building is ten-meter-high.（×）
This is a ten meters high building.（×）
5、数词练习
一、单项选择
(????? ) 1. Lincoln was born on ________.
? A. February 12th, 1809 B. 1809, February 12th??
C. 1809, 12th February D. February 1809,12th
(????? ) 2. A _______ boy can sing the English song very well.
? A. ten-years-old B. ten years old
C. ten-year-old D. ten year old
(????? ) 3. An hour later, _____ minister was sent to see the “magic cloth” woven by those two men.
? A. two???? B. the second????
C. the two????? D. second
(?????? ) 4. Abraham Lincoln was _______ President of the US.
? A. 16???? B. the 16????? C. 16th????? D. the 16th
(????? ) 5. Do you think there is any room for us ________ ?
? A. two???? B. the two???? C. second????D. the second
(????? ) 6. ---How many students are there in your class?
?????????? ---________.
? A. Twenty nine???? B. Thirty and two????
C. Forty-five???? D. fifties
(?????? ) 7. Which number is wrong? _______.
? A. Ninety????B. Ninteen?????C. Ninth????? D. Nineteenth
(?????? ) 8. The People’s Liberation Army was founded _______.
? A. on August 1st, 1927?? B. in 1927, 1 August??
C. on 1st August , 1927?? D. in August 1, 1927
(????? ) 9. The number 4,123 is read _______.
? A.?four thousand one hundred and twenty-three?
B. four thousand and one hundred twenty-three
? C.?four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three?
D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three
(????? ) 10. The old professor still works hard though he is .
? A. in his sixty??? B. in his sixties????
C. in sixties???? D. in the sixty
(????? ) 11. This classroom is ________ ours.
? A. three times big as? B. as three times big as?
C. three times as big as? D. as big three times as
(????? ) 12. The basketball team of our school ranks ________ in the match.
? A. three???? B. third????? C. the three?????? D. the third
(????? ) 13. Which is the car that he drives? It’s ________.
? A. fifty two??? B. the fifty-two cars??
C. the car fifty four???? D. the fifty-fourth car
(?? ) 14. Which of the following is wrong? ________.
? A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy????? B. He is at the age of 15
? C. He is a boy of 15??????????????? D. He is fifteen year old
(?? ) 15. Our school is not very big. There are only ____ students.
A. nine hundreds of?? B. nine hundred???
C. nine hundreds???? D. nine hundred of
(? ?? ) 16. ---How many new words are there in ________ lesson?
??????? ---There are only _________.
? A. five; fifth????? B. fifth; five?????
C. the fifth; the five?? D. the fifth; five
(??? ) 17. ________of the students go to school by car.
? A. Two three??? B. Two third???
C. Second thirds?? D. Two thirds
(??? ) 18. There was no bus in that small town. We had a ________.
? A. ten miles walk???? B. ten-mile walk???
C. ten mile’s walk???? D. tenth mile walk
(? ??) 19. Today is the first day and ________.
? A. Tuesday is fourth? B. Thursday is the fourth?
C. second is Tuesday D. a second is Thursday
(??? ) 20. Which room do you live in? ________.
? A. 201 Room??? B. Room 201????
C. Room 201st??? D. 201’s Room
(??? ) 21. How many magazines do you have? I have ________.
? A. two???? B. both????? C. twice????? D. the second
(??? ) 22. Three hundred thousand one hundred and seventy means ________.
? A. 3,170???? B. 3,117????? C. 300,170????D. 30,170
(??? ) 23. On May ________, ________ people traveled round the country.
? A. the first, millions??? B. the first, millions of???
C. first, the millionth??? D. first, millions
(?? ) 24. ________ of them are dining at school.
? A. Twelve????? B. Twelfth?????C. The twelve????D. The 12th
(??? ) 25. It’s 7:17 is read ________.
? A. seven and seventeen?? B. seven seven??
C. seven one seven?? D. seven seventeen
(??? ) 26. Four ________ two is two.
? A. plus????? B. minus?????? C. times?????? D. divided by
(??? ) 27. Three ________ five is eight.
? A. plus???? B. minus????? C. times????? D. divided by
(?? ? ) 28. Three ________ seven is twenty-one.
? A. plus???? B. minus????? C. times????? D. divided by
(??? ) 29. Forty-two ________ seven is six.
? A. plus???? B. minus????? C. times????? D. divided by
(??? ? ) 30. There are ________ days in a year.
? A. three hundred sixty and five
B. three hundred and sixty-five
? C. three hundreds and sixty-five
D. three hundred sixty-five
(??? ? ) 31. There are ________ students in that school.
? A. two thousand eight-six????????????B. two thousand eighty-six
? C. two thousand and eighty-six???D. two thousands and eighty-six
(???? ) 32. It took me ________ to get there.
? A. two hours and a half??????????? ?????B. two hours and half
? C. two hour and a half????????????????? D. two hour and half
(??? ) 33. September is _________ month of the year.
? A. the nineth????? B. the ninth????? C. nineth D. ninth
(??? ? ) 34. Please pass me _______ book on the left.
? A. third????? B. three?????? C. the third????D. the three
(??? ? ) 35. ________ boy is very tall .
? A. The twelve???? B. The twelveth?????
C. The twelfeth? D. The twelfth
(??? ? ) 36. We have known each other for ________.
? A. a year and half??? B. a year with half???
C. a year and a half???? D. a year with a half
(??? ) 37. ---What year is it?
??????? ---It’s ________.
? A. nineteen hundreds and ninety-seven??????
B. nineteen and ninety-seven
? C. nineteen ninety and seven?????????????
D. nineteen ninety-seven
(??? ) 38. ---What’s the date today?
??????? ---It’s _________.
? A. Tuesday?????? B. June Fourth???????
C. June the four??? D. June the fourth
(???? ) 39. The train from Shanghai will arrive ________.
? A. in quarter past six? B. in a quarter past six??
C. at quarter past six?? D. at a quarter past six
(???? ) 40. My friend was born on _________.
? A. three of July, 1979????????????????? B. the third of July,1979?
? C. 1979, July the third???????????????? D. 1979, the third of July









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