高中英语牛津译林版模块3 Unit 1--2 课课练

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词汇点击
observe
【原文】As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat. (Page 2)
【解析】observe在此处意为“观察，注视”，后面常接名词作宾语。如：
Curiously, she was observing everything I did. 奇怪的是，她在观察我做的每一件事。
observe还可以表示“注意到，观察到”，可以先接宾语再接现在分词或省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。前者表示“观察到某人正在做某事”，后者表示“观察到某人经常做某事或做某事的全过程”。如：
She observed a man walking on the opposite side of the road. 她看见一名男子在马路对面走着。
They did not observe Facer come in and go upstairs. 他们没注意到费赛进来，并上了楼。注意：当observe用于被动语态时，其后作宾语补足语的不定式要保留to。如：
He was not observed to do such a lot of good deeds. 没人注意到他做了那么多好事。
observe作动词时，还可以表示“评论；遵守；庆祝”。如：
The doctor observed that the patient needed to be operated on at once. 医生说病人需要马上动手术。
Everyone has to observe traffic rules, because life is the most precious.
人人都应遵守交通规则，因为生命是最宝贵的。
Chinese all over the world observe the Spring Festival. 全世界的华人都庆祝春节。
【拓展】observer n. 观察员；评论员
observation n. 观察；评论
To the casual observer, the design appears confusing. 乍看起来，这一设计有点令人费解。
She made a few interesting observations about the experiment at the meeting.
她在会上对这一实验做了一些很有意思的论述。
glance
【原文】While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her. (Page 2)
【解析】glance在此处为不及物动词，意为“瞥一眼，匆匆看”，后接宾语时需先加介词at。如：
She glanced around, looking very anxious. 她东张西望的，看上去很焦急。
My father glanced at the newspapers and left in a hurry. 我父亲扫了眼报纸，匆忙离开了。
glance也可作名词，意为“一瞥，扫视”，常用短语take/have a glance at意为“对??瞥一眼，匆匆看”；at a (single) glance意为“立刻，（只）看一眼”。如：
Could you take/have a glance at this report? 你能浏览一下这份报告吗？

John realized what was wrong with the machine at a (single) glance.
约翰只看了一眼就意识到了机器的问题出在哪儿。
in sight
【原文】There was no one in sight. (Page 2)
【解析】in sight意为“看得见，在视线范围内”，相当于within sight。如：
Follow that man and keep him in/within sight all the time. 跟着那个人，别让他离开你的视线。
【拓展】sight还常用于以下短语中：
out of sight 看不见，在视线范围以外 catch sight of 看见
lose sight of 看不见 at the sight of 一看见
【巩固】把下列句子翻译成英文
我看着飞机越飞越高，直至看不到为止。
一看到老师，学生们就不讲话了。
你看到那个穿红色衣服的女孩了吗？
Key: (1) I watched the plane go higher and higher until I lost sight of it/until it was out of sight.
At the sight of the teacher, the students stopped talking.
Did you catch sight of that girl in red?
approach
【原文】As she walked along the narrow street, she heard the sound of footsteps approaching, … (Page 2)
【解析】approach作动词时意为“靠近，接近；着手处理”，可作不及物动词和及物动词。如：
The holiday is approaching. 假期即将来临。
They approached the house slowly. 他们慢慢朝那幢房子靠近。
He approached the question as a scientist. 他以一个科学家的眼光去处理这个问题。
approach还可以用作名词，表示“靠近；方法；路径”，后面常接介词to。如：
Children tend to get excited at the approach of the Spring Festival. 孩子往往对春节的来临感到激动。
Not everyone likes his new approach to teaching foreign languages. 并非所有人都喜欢他教授外语的新方法。
All approaches to the town were blocked. 通往这座城镇的所有道路都被封锁了。
hesitate
【原文】Polly hesitated. (Page 2)
【解析】hesitate是动词，意为“犹豫”，短语hesitate to do sth. 意为“对做某事感到犹豫，不愿意做某事”。如：
She hesitated a moment and then sat down beside me. 她犹豫了一下，然后在我身边坐下了。
I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes. 我不愿意花这么多钱买衣服。
注意don’t hesitate to do sth. 意为“尽管做某事”，相当于feel free to do sth.。如： If you have any difficulties, don’t hesitate to turn to me.
= If you have any difficulties, feel free to turn to me.
如果你有什么困难，尽管让我帮忙。
【拓展】hesitation n. 犹豫
She agreed to go with me without hesitation. 她没有犹豫就同意和我一起去。
reach out
【原文】A few seconds later, a hand reached out and grasped her arm. (Page 3)
【解析】reach out意为“伸出（手）”，而reach out to意为“朝??伸手”，reach out for意为“伸手够”。如：

He reached out to get the book. 他伸手去拿那本书。（to为不定式符号）
If you have trouble, you can reach out to your parents. 如果你遇到麻烦，可以向父母伸手求助。（to为介词） He reached out for the apple on the table. 他伸手够放在桌子上的苹果。
【拓展】reach还可以作名词，常用于以下短语中：
in/within one’s reach (=in/within the reach of sb.) 在某人够得着的范围out of one’s reach (=out of the reach of sb.) 在某人够不着的范围Please put the book in/within my reach. 请把书放在我手边。
Keep the medicine out of the reach of children. 把药放在孩子们够不着的地方。
anxious
【原文】‘… You really shouldn’t feel anxious.’ (Page 3)
【解析】anxious是形容词，表示“焦虑的，忧虑的”，常用短语be anxious about意为“为……感到忧虑/ 担心”；be anxious at意为“因……而忧虑”。如：
She was anxious about her daughter being out so late at night.
她为女儿夜里这么晚还没回家而感到焦虑不安。
He was anxious at her absence. 她的缺席使他忧虑不安。
此外，anxious还可表示“渴望的”，常用短语be anxious for意为“渴望得到”；be anxious to do sth. 意为“急于做某事”。如：
We were anxious for the news of your safe arrival. 我们渴望知道你安全到达的消息。
She is anxious to find a better job. 她急于想找到一份更好的工作。
注意：在be anxious that …（渴望……）这一句型中，that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即should do的形式，并且should可以省略。如：
They were anxious that emergency aid (should) arrive immediately.
他们渴望紧急援助迅速到达。
【拓展】anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；渴望
anxiously adv. 不安地，忧虑地
【巩固】用anxious的适当形式填空
A high level of may be caused by family problems.
She asked when they would come back.
Key: (1) anxiety (2) anxiously
aid
【原文】‘Thank you so much for coming to my aid,’ said Polly in relief. (Page 3)
【解析】aid在此处为名词，意为“帮助”，常用短语come to one’s aid意为“帮助某人”；with the aid of sb.
意为“在某人的帮助下”，相当于with the help of sb.。如： Whenever I am in trouble, he always comes to my aid.
无论我什么时候处在困境中，他总是来帮助我。
We may travel alone with the aid/help of a map. 我们可以靠一份地图独自旅行。
aid还可以作动词，意为“帮助”，常用短语aid sb. in (doing) sth. 和aid sb. with sth. 都表示“帮助某人做某事”。如：
We aid them in fighting against their enemy.
= We aid them in/with the fight against their enemy.
我们援助他们抗击敌人。
reduce
【原文】The possibility that pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research. (Page 9)

【解析】reduce是动词，意为“减少”，指重量、程度、数目、范围、速度等减少或降低。如：
We shall have to reduce the price if we want this buyer to take the house off our hands.
若我们想要让这个买主从我们的手里买下这房子，就必须降低价格。
reduce后常接介词by或to，其中by表示“以??幅度减少”，而to表示“减少到??”。如： People often say that to share the pain, the pain will reduce by half.
人常说共同分享痛苦，痛苦就会减少一半。
We will reduce the price to $100. 我们会把价格降到100美元。
recognize
【 原 文 】 One explanation is that women’s sense of smell is better developed than that of men, and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies. (Page 9)
【解析】recognize是动词，意为“认识，辨认出（笔迹、外形、声音等）”。如：
You have changed so much that I can hardly recognize you.
你的样子改变了不少，我几乎都认不出你了。
注意：know表示“认识，知道”，recognize则表示“辨认出”。如： He is a newcomer, so I don’t know him. 他是新来的，所以我不认识他。此外，recognize还可以表示“意识到；（正式）承认”。如：
People know this and recognize its importance. 人们知道这一点，也认识到它的重要性。I recognized the truth of your statement. 我承认你说的是真的。
【拓展】recognition n. 识别；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识
He took a glance at her, but there was no sign of recognition. 他扫了她一眼，但似乎没认出她来。
This organization has achieved international recognition for its effort to preserve the environment.
该组织因其在环境保护方面所作的努力而赢得了国际认可。
Daniel Day-Lewis received the Academy Award for Best Actor in recognition of his brilliant performance in Lincoln.
丹尼尔·戴·刘易斯由于在《林肯》中的出色表演而获得了奥斯卡最佳男主角奖。
puzzle
【原文】However, why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men remains a puzzle for scientists. (Page 9)
【解析】puzzle在此处为名词，意为“疑问，不解之谜”，相当于mystery或riddle；此外它还可以表示“谜， 智力游戏”。如：
How the pyramid was built has always been a puzzle/mystery/riddle.
一直以来，金字塔是如何建成的是个不解之谜。
He shows a great interest in crossword puzzles. 他对纵横字谜游戏表现出很大的兴趣。
puzzle还可以用作动词，表示“迷惑，使困惑”。如：
The patient’s illness puzzled the doctor; he couldn’t find the cause. 那病人的病难住了医生，他找不出病因。
【拓展】puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的
puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的
【巩固】用puzzle的适当形式填空
The road signs were so (1) that the driver got completely (2) .
Key: (1) puzzling (2) puzzled
distance
【原文】In the distance I could hear thunder and see lightning coming. (Page 12)
【解析】distance是名词，表示“远处；距离；疏远，冷淡”。常用短语in the distance意为“在远处”；at a distance of 意为“在??的距离”；keep sb. at a distance意为“疏远某人”。如：
The sound of the car died away at a distance. 汽车的声音在远方消失了。

The waterfall can be heard at a distance of two miles. 瀑布的轰轰声在两英里的地方就能听见。Don’t keep me at a distance. 不要疏远我。
【拓展】distant adj. 遥远的；冷漠的
The time she spent in this small village seemed a distant memory.
她在这个小村庄度过的时光似乎已成为久远的回忆。
Simon appeared cold and distant when I said hello to him. 我和西蒙打招呼时，他显得冷淡而又疏远。
suit
【原文】It was a man in a metal suit. (Page 15)
【解析】suit在此处为名词，意为“套装”。如：
That suit cost me over 60 pounds. 那件西服花去我六十多英镑。
suit也可以作动词，意为“适合，满足需要”，可以指整体衣着、搭配及颜色等合适，也可指时间、价格、计划、工作等合适。如：
Does this skirt suit me? 这裙子我穿着合适吗?
It’s difficult to find a time that suits everybody. 要找个对每个人都合适的时间很困难。
【辨析】suit & fit
词
含义及用法
例 句
suit
着重指颜色、款式、色调方面的合适
That colour doesn’t suit her. 那种颜色不适合她的肤色。
fit
用于衣着、鞋帽等的“合适”时，指的是大小、形状、宽松等方面
The dress fits her nicely. 这裙子她穿正合适。
contrary
【原文】Contrary to what many people might assume, evidence shows that sharks seldom attack humans. (Page 18)
【解析】contrary在此处为形容词，意为“相反的”，常用短语be contrary to意为“与??相反”，要注意该短语作状语时，be动词常省略。如：
He has a contrary opinion. 他持相反意见。
They thought that that was contrary to the spirit of science. 他们认为那是违背科学精神的。Contrary to popular belief, bottled water is not always better than tap water.
与普通大众所想的不同，瓶装水并不总是比自来水好。
contrary还可以作名词，意为“相反的事实或情况” ，常用短语on the contrary意为“正相反”。如： They did not say the contrary. 他们没有说意思相反的话。
—It is a good thing. 这是件好事。
—On the contrary, it’s a huge mistake. 相反，这是个大错。
panic (panicked, panicked)
【原文】Do not panic. (Page 18)
【解析】panic在此处为不及物动词，意为“惊慌，恐慌”。要特别注意panic在加-ing和-ed时要先在c后加
k，即panicking，panicked。如：
The children panicked when the planes flew overhead. 飞机飞过头顶时，这些孩子很恐慌。
Try to keep your head when others are panicking. 当其他人惊惶失措时，你要努力保持镇静。
panic还可以作名词，意为“惊慌，恐慌”，常用短语in (a) panic意为“恐慌地”；get into a panic“陷入恐慌状态”。如：
When the earthquake happened, all the people ran out in (a) panic. 地震发生时，所有人都惊慌地跑了出来。He got into a panic when the fire started. 火灾发生时，他惊慌失措。

句型精析
Once out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop. (Page 2)
【解析】Once out in the street是时间状语从句，其完整形式是Once she was out in the street。当时间、条件、让步等状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词时，从句的主语及be动词可以省略。如： When (he was) at school, he liked science best. 在学校读书时，他最喜欢科学。
You should stay there, unless (you are) asked to leave. 你应该待在那儿，除非有人叫你离开。Though (he is) young, he knows a lot. 尽管年轻，但他懂得不少。
You see, a fog this bad is rare. (Page 3)
【解析】(1) this bad在此作fog的后置定语，相当于一个修饰fog的定语从句，即a fog which/that is this bad。形容词短语作定语时需后置。如：
A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with. 一个如此难以取悦的人一定不好共事。
(2) this在此作程度副词，意为“这么”。如：
The fish I caught was this big. 我捕到的那条鱼有这么大。
that也可以作程度副词，意为“那么”。如：
... the truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far. (Page 2)
??事实是雾太大了，公交车开不了那么远。
Don’t be frightened by sharks: you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark. (Page 18)
【解析】(1) 30 times more ... than ...是英语表示倍数的句型之一。常用来表示倍数的句型有：
a N times + 比较级 + than …，表示“比??N?1倍”。如：
A car runs six times faster than a bike on average. 汽车行驶速度平均比自行车行驶速度快五倍。
b N times + the + 名词 + of …，表示“是??N倍”。如：
A car runs at six times the speed of a bike on average. 汽车行驶速度平均是自行车行驶速度的六倍。
c N times as + 原级 + as …，表示“是??N倍”。如：
A car runs six times as fast as a bike. 汽车行驶速度平均是自行车行驶速度的六倍。注意：表示“一倍”用once；表示“两倍”用twice。
(2) sb. is likely to do sth. 意为“某人可能做某事”，可改写为It is likely that sb. will do sth.。如： He is likely to visit us if he knows where we live.
= It is likely that he will visit us if he knows where we live.
如果他知道我们住在哪儿，他有可能来看我们。
During both World War I and II, pigeons were employed by armies to carry messages to and from the front lines, saving the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories. (Page 19)
【解析】该句中的saving the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories为两个并列的现
在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语时表示意料之内的、顺理成章的、必然的结果。如：
Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children.
她的丈夫在1942年去世了，给她留下了五个孩子。
要注意动词不定式也可以作结果状语，但表示的是意料之外的结果。为了强调这一结果，动词不定式前常加上only一词。如：
He ran into the classroom, only to find there was nobody there.
他跑进教室，结果发现没有人。
语法指导
名词性从句（I）
名词性从句的定义
在句子中起名词作用的从句称为名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，由连词
that、if/whether和各种特殊疑问词引导。
【注意】这类从句中主谓语必须用陈述句语序。
名词性从句的用法
主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句。
由that引导的主语从句（that不可以省略）。如：
That the doorman remembered their names surprised them a lot.
看门人还记得他们的名字使他们感到很惊讶。
由whether引导的主语从句（不可用if替代）。如：
Whether it will clear up tomorrow is not yet known. 明天天气是否会放晴尚不清楚。
由特殊疑问词引导的主语从句。如：
How much time students spend on their homework often concerns teachers.
教师经常关心学生花多少时间完成家庭作业。
it作形式主语。如：
It was reported that the football team was warmly received by the Queen at the Buckingham Palace.
据报道，足球队在白金汉宫受到了女王的亲切接见。
宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语的从句，通常放在主句的谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
作动词的宾语
① 由that引导的宾语从句（that在非正式语体中通常可以省略）。如：
Later on I realized (that) I was wrong. 后来我意识到自己错了。
② 由whether/if引导的宾语从句。如：
I wonder whether/if you can change this 50-yuan note for me. 不知能否请你替我换开这50元钱。
③ 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。如：
She did not know where she could find the Students’ Union. 她不知在哪儿能找到学生会。
作介词的宾语。如：
We talked excitedly about whether we would spend our two-day holiday on the beach or in the hotel.
我们兴奋地谈论着是要去海边还是酒店度过两天的假期。
【注意】介词后的宾语从句用whether引导，而不用if。
it作形式宾语。如：
I find it interesting that traffic always keeps to the left in Britain.
在英国，车辆总是靠左行驶，我觉得挺有趣。
表语从句：在复合句中作表语的从句，放在系动词之后。
由that引导的表语从句（that在非正式语体中常可省略）。如： The fact is (that) we don’t have enough experience for the work. 事实是我们缺少足够的经验来完成这项工作。
由whether引导的表语从句（不可用if替代）。如：
The question is whether I should e-mail him about the news now.

问题是我现在是否应该发邮件告诉他这个消息。
由特殊疑问词引导的表语从句。如：
The problem we are facing now is how we can collect so much money for the blind.
我们现在面临的问题是怎样为盲人筹集这么多钱。
同位语从句：在复合句中作名词的同位语的从句，对名词起进一步解释的作用，说明名词所包含的具体内容。如：
Before leaving, the Green family expressed the wish that they would come to China again.
离别前，格林一家表达了想再次来中国的愿望。
名词性从句中连接词用法的注意事项
that：在非正式语体中，引导宾语从句的连词that常可省去。但若宾语由两个并列句组成时，第二个并列句前的that不可省略。如：
He said (that) he was running a fever and that he couldn’t come to school. 他说他发烧了，不能来校上课了。
whether/if：在非正式语体中，if ... or not也是正确的。但若与or not直接连用时，则只能用whether（即只说whether or not）而不能用if（即不说if or not）。如：
I don’t know whether/if he finally found his missing bike or not.
= I don’t know whether or not he finally found his missing bike.
我不知道他最终是否找到了丢失的自行车。
关于名词性从句用法的补充说明
what与that 在引导主语从句时的区别：what在从句中充当句子成分，而that则不充当任何成分。如： What we read in the newspaper yesterday was surprising.
我们昨天在报纸上所看到的内容令人吃惊。（What充当动词read的宾语） That he listened to his MP3 player in the maths class made the teacher angry. 他在数学课上听MP3，这令老师很生气。（That只起引导从句的作用）
if在宾语从句与状语从句中的区别：宾语从句中，if和whether的意思基本一样，都表示“是否”，且从句中可用各种时态（包括将来时）；状语从句中，if 意为“假如”，表示将来动作或状态时，从句通常用一般现在时。如：
Please let me know if/whether you’ll join us tonight. 请告诉我你今晚是否参加我们的活动。（宾语从句）
If you plan to join us tonight, please let me know. 如果你打算今晚参加我们的活动，请告诉我。（状语从句）
that在定语从句与同位语从句中的区别：定语从句中的that既指代先行词，又在从句中作某个成分（主语、宾语或表语），作宾语时常可省略；而同位语从句中的that只起连接词的作用，不在同位语从句中充当任何成分，且不可省略。如：
The news (that) he told us was exciting.
他告诉我们的消息令人激动。（定语从句。that在句中充当定语从句的宾语，指代先行词news，可省略。）
The news that our volleyball team won was exciting.
我们排球队获胜的消息令人激动。（同位语从句。从句说明news的内容，用that连接且不可省略。）
表语从句的常用结构
The reason (why) ... is that ... 意为“发生某种状况的原因是??”。如：
The reason (why) I’m late is that I had a flat tyre. 我迟到是因为车胎没气了。
【注意】句中引导表语从句的连接词应该用that，而不用because。
That is where/when/how/why ... 表示“这就是??的地方 / 时间 / 方式 / 原因”。如上句可改写为：
I had a flat tyre. That’s why I’m late.
一课一练
一、阅读关于Stephen D奇特经历的文章，并根据短文内容选择正确的答案
After taking a mixture of drugs one night, Stephen D, a 22-year-old medical student, dreamed that he had become a dog and was surrounded by strangely rich and meaningful smells. The dream seemed to continue after he woke up—his world was suddenly filled with all kinds of strong smells.
Walking into the hospital that morning, “I sniffed like a dog. And in that sniff I recognized, before seeing them, the twenty patients who were there,” he later told Doctor Oliver Sacks. “Each had his own smell-face,” Stephen said, “far clearer and fresher than any sight-face.” He also recognized local streets and shops by their smells. Some smells gave him pleasure and others made him sick, but all were so strong that he could hardly think about anything else.
Stephen D felt it very strange to have this strange sense of smell and it disappeared after a few weeks. Stephen D was pleased to be normal again, but he felt “a huge loss” too, Sacks reported in his book The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Tales. Years later, as a successful physician (内科医生), Stephen D still remembered “that smell-world—so clear, so real! It was like a visit to another world, a world of pure feeling, rich, alive, and full ... I see now what we give up in being human.”
Being civilized ( 文 明 的 ) and human means, for one thing, that our lives are not ruled by smells. The social behaviour of most animals is controlled by smells and other chemical signals. Dogs and mice rely on smells to find food, recognize things and places, find their kind, and find a suitable mate. Social insects such as ants send and receive chemical signals that tell them clearly where to go and how to act at all times of day.
But humans “see” the world largely through eyes and ears. We care little about the sense of smell, and often pay no attention to what our nose tells us.
Yet mothers can recognize their babies by smell, and newborns recognize their mothers in the same way. The smells that surround us affect our well-being (安康) throughout our lives.
What probably caused Stephen D’s strange experience with the “smell-world”?
A medical experiment. B. A rare disease. C. Some drugs. D. A terrible dream.
What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
Stephen recognized people by their smell better than their face.
Stephen believed everyone had two faces.
There was something wrong with Stephen’s eyes, so he could not recognize people.
Stephen thought people should rely on their sense of smell for more pleasure.
What did Stephen feel after he lost his strange sense of smell?
A mixture of happiness and surprise. B. A mixture of excitement and horror.
C. A mixture of horror and sadness. D. A mixture of happiness and pity.

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
Animals make better use of their sense of smell than humans in general.
Babies recognize their mothers largely through eyes and ears.
We humans have paid little attention to our sense of smell.
Ants depend on chemical signals to know where to go and how to act.
二、短文填空(阅读关于嗅觉的文章，完成后面的笔记，每空一词)
Here is how your nose works. When the match started to burn, little particles ( 微 粒 ) of ash that came from the match went through the air. These small pieces of material are too small for us to see, but the nose can smell them as they travel through the air into your nose. When the small pieces of ash “excite” the nerve endings (神经末梢) of the olfactory nerve (嗅觉神经), which is like a telephone line, the olfactory nerve carries the message to your brain, telling it that you are smelling a burning match. We do not always get the smell right away because it takes time for the small particles to
travel in the air and then into your nose to the nerve endings. When you have a cold, why do you think you cannot smell something like roses or taste your food?
Human beings have a very weak sense of smell. As people’s brain further developed and began to use reason
more, they did not need to smell things quite as well as other animals did. They could use their eyes and their brains in a different way. There is one way your sense of smell is different from all your other senses. After sensing a special smell for a while, your sense of smell gets tired. When you first come into the house, you can smell dinner cooking, but after that your olfactory nerves get tired and then you do not smell anything at all.
Some people develop their sense of smell for a special use. A perfume (香水) maker can tell all the different flowers
from each other by their different smells. A winemaker has the same ability to tell wines from each other by their smells.
Smell is one of the ways we have of knowing about our world and enjoying what it has for us. Close your eyes and smell a rose, or after a long winter, go outside. That nice green smell tells you spring is here.


一、根据Reading课文内容选择正确的答案
The text mainly talks about .
Polly’s experience in a fog B. Polly’s life in London
C. Polly’s experience on a train D. the friendship between Polly and the blind man
When did the story happen?
In the early morning when it was still dark outside.
At lunchtime when Polly was out buying some lunch.
On a foggy night when everybody had to take a train.
In the afternoon when Polly was on her way back home.
How did Polly plan to go back home at first?
By taxi. B. By train. C. By bus. D. By car.
The man who helped Polly out of trouble was .
the man who watched Polly on the train
an old man who helps others in the fog
the old man who made heavy footsteps behind her
an old man who always gets lost in the heavy fog
86 King Street is the place where .
Polly’s college is B. Polly gets off the train C. Polly lives D. Polly’s office is
二、根据Reading课文内容完成下面的流程图，每空不超过四个单词
三、根据Reading课文内容完成下面的思维导图，每空词数不限


一、根据首字母或中文提示完成下列句子
If farmers cut down trees and forests, giant pandas will have n to live.
In the d , he could see nothing, even his own hands.
I’m sure she is a nice girl and is liked w she is.
With the a of Christmas, the weather turned colder.
Though she h for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.
The policeman (观察到) the man open the window when he was alone in the room.
I (盯着看) at her till she disappeared in the distance.
A lot of cars were blocked from passing through the (十字路口) because of that accident.
It is almost impossible to (预测) the future development of a very young child.
I (坚定地) believe that reading easy English novels is an enjoyable way to improve our English.
二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
If you only think I am a (help) or a tool instead of someone you want to share feelings with, our friendship won’t last long.
My parents are both (conduct) and work on the bus.
In (fog) weather the trains are late more often than not.
When I turned to him, he (hesitation) to help me.
I shall tell her (firm) that it is none of her business.
There are three people waiting for the bus, who seem to be (anxiety).
I find his lecture very (confuse); he never sticks to the point, which makes us (confuse).
Listening to loud music all the time has resulted in the loss of (hear) in some teenagers.
Researchers ?nd that smoking tends to (raise) blood pressure of smokers.
三、用方框内所给单词和词组的适当形式填空
The teachers that about one third of the pupils might fail the exam.
Do you me to go back and look for him?
this rope, and I will pull you up.
Hearing the news, she smiled in .
We are really to you for your understanding and friendship.
He at me as if he had seen me for the first time.
It’s fantastic to swim in the sea, but you have to sharks.
As is known to all, it is very difficult to see far in a heavy .
My mother has been in hospital for a week and I am about her health.
He that it had suddenly grown much colder.
四、改写同义句，每空一词
1 I don’t know whether she is coming tonight or not.
I whether she is coming tonight or not.

Once repaired, the machine can work well again.
Once , the machine can work well again.
I lost my key and I couldn’t find it anywhere.
I lost my key and I find it.
I lost my key and it was .
She glanced at the cover of the book and said she had read it.
She the cover of the book and said she had read it.
We felt that there would be many difficulties ahead of us.
We there would be many difficulties ahead of us.
She often observed the boy stay in the room alone.
The boy was often observed in the room alone.
No matter where you are, you must get on well with your classmates there.
you are, you must get on well with your classmates there.
When I stood on the top of the hill, I could see my house.
When I stood on the top of the hill, my house .
Nobody can tell what will happen in the future ahead of time. Nobody can what will happen in the future.
He was anxious for his daughter to go abroad.
He was anxious that his daughter .
五、根据括号中所给提示把下列句子翻译成英文
我们开了两个小时的汽车。终于，那座城市就在眼前了。(in sight)
如果你想要成功，就做好失败的准备。(wish for)
那个男孩伸出手去拿桌子上的香蕉。(reach out)
如果得到表扬，我会更加努力地学习。(用省略条件句)
使我欣慰的是，他已经通过了考试。(to one’s relief)
她是因为害怕而一言不发的吗？(with fear)
谁会意识到事情会变得这么糟呢？(this作程度副词)
如果你晚上在丛林中迷了路，要提防危险的动物。(watch out for)
我非常感激你来看我。(grateful)
老师担心孩子们的安全。(anxious)


一、用方框内所给词语的适当形式填空
the rest
f ine
snowstorm
flood
lightning
fog
cloud
shower
Suddenly there was a flash of across the sky.
It is said that it has kept on raining for four days there and a large area of the city has been . How I wish it would stop raining soon!
You’d better bring your heavy jacket. The weather forecast says that there will probably be a at ten tonight, just the time when you are on your way home.
Why not go fishing this Saturday morning if it is ?
Drivers need to be very careful in weather, when they cannot see clearly.
To tell the truth, I don’t think of the work can be finished within a week unless we carefully plan it and work even harder.
It is sure to rain this afternoon, for it is now.
He was caught in a heavy and was wet through.
二、根据汉语提示，用相应的英语单词完成字谜，并用字谜中箭头所指的单词完成句子
Hidden word
↓
1
阵雨
1
2
雷声
2
3
暴风雨
4
完美的
3
5
闪电
6
多云的
4
7
多雨的
5
8
有雪的
9
晴天的
6
7
8
9
The weather station warned that a was coming, which could destroy the whole village.


一、画出下列各句中的名词性从句，并在题目后的答题线上写出名词性从句的类型
It is known to all that the Earth turns around the Sun.
He will talk to us about what he saw in the United States.
The question I want to ask you right now is whether we should ask the police for help.
When and where the meeting will be held hasn’t been decided yet.
I find it necessary that we should try every means to practise our spoken English every day.
The news that China had successfully launched Shenzhou VI into space made all of us excited.
The promise she made yesterday was that she would finish all her homework within two days.
What I want to do right now is to sit down and do nothing at all.
二、根据句意在下列句子中填入正确的连接词
His success was because of the fact he had been working hard.
makes mistakes must correct them.
It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.
Jerry killed the dog with a knife yesterday. I’ll ask him he did that.
Have you seen Henry lately? My boss wants to know he is getting along with his work.
It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.
He asked me was the matter with me.
I am sure he said is true.
三、单句改错
What team will win the championship is still not certain yet.
If he will come here by train or plane is not yet known to us.
I couldn’t find him just now. I have no idea when he has been so far.
We didn’t know the answer to the question that why he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.
I don’t know if or not they will help me when I am in trouble.
四、根据中文提示完成下列句子
老师问我是否能用英语回答这个问题。
The teacher asked me .
运动会是否将在本周末举行尚未决定。
hasn’t been decided yet.
可以肯定的是他已经同意给我们一些忠告。
he has agreed to give us some advice.
玛丽指着树后的那间房子，问是谁盖的。
Pointing to the house behind the tree, Mary asked .
我们都喜爱并尊重我们校长的事实众所周知。
The fact is well known.
我们都知道他是一名作家。
It is known to us .
我那时不去上海的原因是我在这儿找到了一份新工作。
The reason why I didn’t go to Shanghai then was .
我敢肯定他所说的是对的。
I am sure that .
他们得出一个结论：电脑并不能做所有的事情。
They came to the conclusion by a computer.
你能去看看外面正在发生什么事情吗？
Would you go and see ?


一、根据句意，用适当的连接词填空
It is known to us all the old scientist still works very hard in his eighties.
—Do you know Mr Smith has been ill for two weeks?
—Yes. I wonder he is better now.
surprised us most was that he didn’t know the differences between the two words.
I have no idea she has heard about the news.
His ability has never been in doubt. The question is he is prepared to work hard.
—What’s the matter with John?
— he didn’t get the job he had applied for made him in low spirits.
breaks the law will be punished.
There is clear evidence the most dif?cult feeling of all to interpret is body pain.
It was was advertised on TV that made many customers buy what they might not need.
As a new graduate, he doesn’t know it takes to start a business here.
The news came my cousin was chosen chairman of the Students’ Union.
—What do your parents think about your decision?
—They always let me do I think I should.
The most important thing we should pay attention to in an exam is our teacher mentioned in class.
I shall never forget is the time when I lived in the countryside with those friendly farmers and this experience has a great effect on my life.
he will visit our school or not tomorrow is still not decided yet.
二、单句改错
It remains to be discussed if we are going on a trip this afternoon.
I didn’t know that she was driving a car and the car broke down on the way here, or I would go to ?nd
her.
That you said just now is none of my business.
The news when the star will arrive at two o’clock makes his fans excited at the exit of the airport.
What my friend and I did it was our secret. We didn’t even tell our parents what we did.
三、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的连接词
We teenagers may suffer from some growing pains, but we can get rid of them wisely.
Some of us are worried about our physical imperfections, which is unnecessary and not important at all. We should keep in mind (1) beauty is in the eye of the beholder. (2) really matters is one’s inner beauty.
Sometimes we may be misunderstood by others. In that case, we may have a heart-to-heart talk with them, trying to ?nd
out (3) it is that causes the misunderstanding. A school report may sometimes depress you. Actually,
(4) you have achieved good remarks isn’t that important, so long as you have worked hard. Don’t give up. Hold the belief (5) your efforts will pay off. Don’t care much about (6) you don’t have. Thinking about (7) you can offer will always make you feel better and achieve more in life.
Finally, I have to remind you all (8) there are no permanent problems. If we get down to solving them,

we will step closer to our dreams.
四、用名词性从句合并下列各组句子
Will she be back on time tomorrow? I always have the doubt.
I always have the doubt .
Where will they spend their winter holidays? We want to know it. We want to know .
Why did they reduce the price at that time? It is still a question to us.
is still a question to us.
The girl was still alive after the terrible accident. It made all of us very happy. It made all of us very happy .
I promised I would do my best to help Linda with her English. This promise made all the people present very surprised.
made all the people present very surprised.
David will become a top student sooner or later. I am sure. I am sure .
五、把下列句子翻译成英文
玛丽害怕有人可能把她认出来。
她迟到几分钟这一事实不是解雇她的原因。
他会来的，我一点都不怀疑。
我忘记该去哪个房间了。
你知道他和谁去上海了吗？
使我最为吃惊的是他回来得很晚。
我们为她做了我们能做的一切。
这座城市已经不是过去的样子了。
劳驾，能告诉我是否要召开运动会吗？
这小男孩把母亲给他的东西吃了。


一、听下面三段对话，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，每段对话仅读一遍
What time of day is it most probably?
A. 11 : 00 a.m. B. 4 : 00 p.m. C. 9 : 00 p.m.
What does the woman want to do?
Go to Nashville.
Get off the bus.
Help the man cross the street.
What are the two speakers talking about?
Their favourite doctor.
The city’s best hospital.
Disliking to see the doctor.
二、听下面两段对话或独白，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，每段对话或独白读两遍
听第4段材料，回答第1至3小题。
Where does the conversation probably take place?
On a bus. B. At an office. C. In a house.
What is happening?
A strong wind is blowing.
Something is burning.
Someone is crying.
What’s wrong with the woman speaker?
She has her arm burnt.
She has a bad cold.
She has no sense of taste.
听第5段材料，回答第4至7小题。
Which animals have the worst sense of smell?
Elephants. B. Snakes. C. Dolphins.
Which of the following statements is true about dolphins?
They can’t see very well.
They don’t have the ability of hearing.
They have a good sense of touch.
How do snakes sense food?
With their eyes.
With their tongues.
With their skin.
What is the talk mainly about?
Animals’ senses.
Animals’ lives.
Animals’ friends.


一、根据所给提示，完成下面的短文
Honesty is the best policy, (1) (正如英语谚语所说). Unfortunately, honesty often deserts (离弃) us when no one is watching, British psychologists reported last week.
The researchers (2) (进行了一个实验) in their psychology department’s coffee room. They placed a kettle, with tea, coffee and milk on the counter and hung up a sign listing the prices for drinks.
People helping themselves to a cup of drink were (3) s to put a few cents in the box nearby. The researchers hung a poster above the money box, and it changed each week between images of gazing eyes and pictures of flowers. The researchers found that people paid 2.76 times more for their drinks when the image of the eyes was hung.
Eyes are known to be a powerful signal for humans. (4) (即使它们不是真的),
the eyes still seemed to make people behave more (5) h . The researchers believe the effect sheds light on our evolutionary past. It may arise from behavioural features that developed when early humans formed social groups to
(6) (提高他们生存的可能性). For social groups to work, individuals had to
co-operate, (7) (而不是自私地行动). “There is an (8) (争论) that if nobody is watching us, it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when we are being watched, we should behave better. So people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us,” a psychologist said.
The new finding indicates that people have a striking response to eyes. (9) (那可能是因为) eyes and faces send a strong biological signal we have evolved to respond to. The finding could be
(10) (运用于实际), too.
二、根据Task部分所学的要点，完成下面的作文
请根据以下提示完成一篇短文，要点包括：
一位木匠准备退休，和妻子过幸福生活。
老板提出请木匠再造一座房子。
木匠虽答应，但明显工作不认真。
竣工后，老板来看房，并将房子的钥匙交给木匠。
得知老板将房子作为礼物赠给自己后，木匠非常吃惊。如果?? 注意：1 词数100左右。
每个要点必须表达清楚，可以适当发挥，以使全文连贯。
参考词汇：木匠 carpenter；退休 retire。


一、根据Project课文“Shark attacks”的内容完成下面的思维导图，每空词数不限
二、根据Project课文“The wonderful world of pigeons”完成下面的流程图



一、根据首字母或中文提示完成下列句子
I set the bird l , and it immediately flew away.
It is l that he will not join us since he has been sick for a week.
The report gives an analysis of the teaching methods e in the class.
R up his trousers, he worked in the fields with others.
She is too surprised at the news to keep (镇静的).
Our university (吸引) students from all parts of the country.
(战士) fought bravely in defence of their country, even when it meant losing their own lives.
He went to a (珠宝) shop, wishing to get a nice birthday present for his wife.
二、用方框内所给词组的适当形式填空
attach … to
give up
contrary to
over a long distance
mistake … for
roll up
keep calm
attract the attention of
John his teaching career to go on the stage last year.
He even when he was in great danger.
I saw the woman her sleeves and getting to work.
Please a photo your letter.
what people usually believe, a desert can be very cold.
He raised his voice, the students.
A woman me a well-known actor this morning.
The bird can surely fly without stop.
三、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
She was frightened when she saw a lion (stare) at her in the zoo.
In the reading room, we found her (seat) at a desk, with her attention (?x) on a book.
In China, packets of cigarettes come with a government health warning (attach) to them that smoking is harmful to health.
Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.
Whenever I ask him for help, he doesn’t hesitate (help) me, which moves me a lot.
Our company is going on very well. (employ) dozens of local women, we produce handmade goods that sell well overseas.
Last night Bruce was observed (leave) the building with two young men.
If I had realized the severe situation I am in for the time being, I (follow) my teachers’ advice.
A cook will be immediately ?red if he is found (smoke) in the kitchen.
Which are you more likely (have) with you at any given moment, your telephone or your wallet?
While having dinner, listen to some enjoyable music rather than (watch) television.

With the mid-term examination (approach), we are busy going over what we have learnt this term.
I wouldn’t (recognize) you at all if someone had not called you by the name.
The Bunsen Burner is so named because it is thought (invent) by Robert Bunsen.
The news reporters hurried to the airport, only (tell) the ?lm star had left.
四、改写同义句，每空一词
Different from his sister, he is quite outgoing.
his sister, he is quite outgoing.
It is probable that Professor King will be here at our school this Saturday.
Professor King be here at our school this Saturday.
The population of that area has become smaller since the birth control policy was carried out. The population of that area has since the birth control policy was carried out.
He paid no attention to the “No Smoking” sign and lit up a cigarette. He the “No Smoking” sign and lit up a cigarette.
The building being put up there will be three times higher than the old one.
The building being put up there will be the old one. The building being put up there will be the old one.
“No, no,” he said in a low voice, as if he was talking to himself. “No, no,” he said in a , as if he was talking to himself.
五、根据括号中所给提示把下列句子翻译成英文
我不认为他适合当老师，因为他不够耐心。(be fit to)
我站在树后面，为的是避免被别人看到。(avoid)
他下个月有可能出国。(likely)
看到陌生人进来，她非常恐慌。(panic)
他卷起地图，放进口袋里。(roll up)
他不像他母亲那样，遇到危险时，他能保持冷静。(unlike)
吃这种蔬菜能减少患癌症的风险。(reduce the risk of)
该工厂计划到今年年底前雇佣一千名工人。(employ)
她把手伸进包里，拿出了钱包。(reach into)
这一研究结果似乎与之前人们所了解的相反。(appear; be contrary to)


周练习 1 Welcome to the unit~Grammar and usage
一、根据首字母或中文提示完成下列句子
The dog s at the bone and then went away.
So many people talking to me at once c me. As a result, I was at a loss what to say.
Heavy rain was f to continue in the region on Sunday and Monday.
They spent hours o birds in flight and reading everything they could find about flying.
She heard the front door open and heavy f in the hall.
On his way home he came to a (狭窄的) bridge over a stream.
(盯着看) at others is rude, so don’t do that.
With the (来临) of the Spring Festival, all my family were busy cleaning the house.
Officials in Beijing have (意识到) that the capital itself is facing a water crisis.
They divided a bunch of (志愿者) into two groups.
二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
The other day, the physics teacher asked us to do a really (puzzle) problem.
Students can choose their own books in the reading period. All the student (help) should collect all books immediately when the period ends.
If she were trying harder, her parents wouldn’t be so (anxiety).
If you (hesitation) too long, you will miss the opportunity.
“From now on,” her father said (firm), “your calls are limited to five minutes.”
Copper is a good (conduct) of heat.
The light ahead reminded us that we had come out of the (dark).
His sight and (hear) became so bad that he had relied on his wife to be his eyes and ears.
三、完形填空
“Hi! John,” Mary ran towards me with a rare bright smile on her face, saying, “I’m going to have a dance performance tonight. I hope you’ll come. Here is the ticket. Don’t 1 !” She left in a hurry, 2 quickly.
“What?! What dance performance? Is that 3 ?” I asked myself. Mary was not such kind of girl. She was quite a(n) 4 one. I had never seen her 5 or wearing attractive clothes, 6 she did not know how to dress up indeed.
“I must go!” I thought.
I arrived at the hall with the 7 , and found my seat. Her performance was the seventh one. I knew I would 8 from a hard time before her 9 , for I had no sense of 10 , but her performance was worth watching, no matter how long I would wait.
Time went 11 . I struggled with myself not to fall asleep.
“Let’s welcome the next exciting dance!” Applause (掌声) filled the 12 at once.

I opened my eyes as large as possible, fearing to lose anything. Wearing a golden and shining skirt, Mary
13 on the stage. Her dress went well with the brilliant lights. I could feel all the 14 were watching her and it was also hard for me to remove my 15 from her. She was so beautiful. Dancing with a charming smile, she was fully absorbed in the music. At this moment, she looked like a pretty 16 flying on the splendid stage. I could hardly believe my eyes.
17 all the performance, I waited for her at the gate.
“Hi!” she stood in front of me with a bag and her 18 in her hands. “How do you feel?” “Fantastic!” I answered.
“Ha! Ha! I knew it would be,” she could not 19 her excitement, laughing like a child.
At this time, I realized that every girl has a pair of 20 shoes which are like the shoes of Cinderella (灰姑娘).
1
A. lose
B. forget
C. pay
D. excite
2
A. preparing
B. shouting
C. saying
D. disappearing
3
A. possible
B. impossible
C. convenient
D. comfortable
4
A. ordinary
B. rare
C. usual
D. normal
5
A. working out
B. speaking loud
C. making up
D. reaching out
6
A. before
B. in case
C. for
D. if
7
A. schedule
B. ticket
C. seat
D. dress
8
A. suffer
B. come
C. observe
D. change
9
A. singing
B. progress
C. display
D. turn
10
A. humour
B. smell
C. art
D. sight
11
A. slowly
B. fast
C. firmly
D. personally
12
A. room
B. hall
C. stage
D. ground
13
A. took up
B. got up
C. showed up
D. used up
14
A. audience
B. teachers
C. students
D. actresses
15
A. feet
B. ears
C. love
D. eyes
16
A. pet
B. girl
C. dancer
D. butterfly
17
A. Before
B. After
C. During
D. With
18
A. dress
B. shoes
C. ticket
D. award
19
A. express
B. appreciate
C. hide
D. freeze
20
A. special
B. new
C. expensive
D. dance
四、阅读七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money, and time.
1 Money is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spent in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:
Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already?
2
Make your time worth it. When you do ?nd time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on.

Are you making one loaf of bread? 3 It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for future meal.
4 This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.
Hopefully that gives you a good start. 5 And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!
Try new things.
Ability is easily improved.
Make three or four instead.
Understand your food better.
Cooking is a burden for many people.
Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.
A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.
1 2 3 4 5
五、阅读理解
Antonia left Athens and came to America to make her fortune. She wanted to be a famous actress so she went to live in Hollywood California.
At ?rst Antonia had very little money so she was forced to watch every penny while making the rounds of movie agents’ (代理商) of?ces. For over a year she worked only in small parts. She found life extremely hard. She had to take buses or walk everywhere and she ate only one meal a day. Even though she worked as a waitress at night Antonia could not really make ends meet.
Suddenly one day the star of the ?lm became ill and the director asked Antonia to take the part. Her acting was excellent. After the premiere (初次演出) of the ?lm she became an overnight success. Everyone gave her great notices and she received many offers for future starring roles.
Since then Antonia has changed her whole way of life. Now she wears expensive furs and drives a Rolls-Royce. She lives in a twenty-seven-room mansion (住宅) in Beverly Hills with seven servants. All her needs are cared for. For Antonia America was truly the land of street covered with gold. Through her hard work she had earned the fame she desired so much.
The underlined phrase “making the rounds” in Paragraph 2 most probably means .
visiting B. making a fortune C. working extremely hard D. starring in films
What changed Antonia’s way of life?
Wearing expensive furs. B. Her good fortune. C. Her excellent acting. D. Both B and C.
How many people live in her large house?
One. B. Twenty-seven. C. Seven. D. Eight.
What can we know from this passage?
Antonia covered the streets with gold. B. She starred in films for one year.
C. She went home to Athens. D. She became an overnight success.
The tone of this passage can best be described as .
sympathetic B. praiseful C. ironic D. pitiful


一、根据括号中英语提示完成下列句子
The people in the room (above one’s head) were very noisy yesterday evening.
This dress doesn’t (be fit for) me—it is too bright.
The police are (believing sth. will happen) that they will soon find the killer.
He (spoke very quietly) that he had got a new job.
Perhaps he (made sb. feel interested in) her because he was so different from other boys.
He (moved one’s hand from side to side in the air) at them upon seeing them at the airport.
The radio wasn’t working because of a (not tight; not tied or fixed) connection in the wires.
The thunder (made sb. feel frightened) the horses.
He was (making sth. turn over and over or round and round) something between his fingers.
It isn’t (probable) that I should accept such an offer as that.
二、根据括号中所给中文提示完成下列句子
It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone
(保持一段距离).
The old man is no coward (懦夫); (相反), he is a man of great courage.
We tried to (使??平静) the angry man.
He (卷起) his clothes to make a pillow.
The bird (被放开) and flied away.
Their excellent (嗅觉) leads them to food.
(正是上星期) that Tom bought an expensive dictionary in the bookstore.
His speech (吸引了很多人的注意).
She said it (小声说), so I didn’t hear.
(小心汽车) when you cross the street.
三、阅读理解
Cats’ sense of smell is very important to their health. Many cat owners have seen a cat sniff the food and refuse to eat it. Careful sniffing tells the cat if something is safe to eat.
Cats have a pair of vomeronasal organs (犁鼻器) on the roof of the mouth. When the cat wants to sniff, she will
breathe the air in through her mouth. At this moment, she will often squint (眯着眼睛看) her eyes and maybe even flatten her ears as she concentrates. This makes her look like she is making faces. The vomeronasal organs will then analyze the smell—almost as if the cat is tasting the smell.
When you come home from outside the house, your cat can smell what you had for lunch and for a mid-afternoon snack. She can smell the people you shook hands with and your neighbour you stopped to talk to and hug. She can smell the grass brought under your shoes as you took a short cut across the lawn. Your cat’s sense of smell is so good that she can smell the difference between a gallon of water with a teaspoon of salt in it and plain water. In comparison, we think

of the former as completely tasteless!
Cats have scent glands (腺) on each side of the forehead, on the chin, the lips and alongside the tail. They use these scent glands to mark or lay claim to people and things in their home. When your cat rubs ( 摩 擦 ) up against your hand, your leg, the sofa and your bed, she is leaving her scent on those things. She will then use her sense of smell to recognize “her” things, people and even other pets in the home.
If you want to have some fun with your cat’s sense of smell, take some small bits of different things, such as a bit of chicken, some flowers and some fish. Place each different item under a piece of paper towel (so your cat cannot see the item) and encourage your cat to investigate and find what kind of food she likes to eat best.
Cats know whether the food is fit to eat or not with their .
sense of touch B. scent glands C. organs of smell D. sense of taste
What does your cat do when she rubs against your foot?
She puts her scent on it. B. She asks you to play with her.
C. She shows respect for you. D. She smells where you were just now.
The underlined part “the former” in the third paragraph refers to “ ”.
salt B. a gallon of water with a teaspoon of salt in it
C. plain water D. a teaspoon
The passage mainly tells us .
cats are one of our best friends B. cats have a sharp sense of smell
C. the sense of smell is very important D. cats know if something is safe to eat
Helen Adams Keller was an American author and lecturer. She was born on June 27, 1880 and died on June 1, 1968. When
Helen was nineteen months old, she was seriously ill and became blind and deaf. There was no way she could be educated until she was seven years old, when a teacher named Annie Mansfield Sullivan came to teach her to read the Braille system.
Helen’s last year of college was the hardest not only because of the long study hours, but also she was very worried about Annie, who gave Helen great help with her studies. Annie became very ill and there was something badly wrong with her eyes, so a Scottish girl named Polly Thompson came to help. One day Annie went completely blind. She tried to be cheerful but smiling was a hard thing for Annie to do. On October 19, 1936, Annie Sullivan died. Helen felt like she was all alone, again, just like when she was little. Helen forced herself not to give up and so she and Polly carried on.
In 1940, Helen graduated from Radcliffe College. She then became a lecturer. After World War II, she visited wounded soldiers in hospitals in the United States and lectured in Europe as a physically disabled woman. If Helen didn’t have the courage to learn Braille and to speak, she wouldn’t have been able to communicate her ideas to all the people she spoke to around the world.
Helen Keller helped raise enough money to build schools to educate deaf, blind, and mute (哑的) students. She
wrote books to tell blind, deaf, and mute people that they were just ordinary people. She wrote books to tell people not to laugh at or hurt disabled people because they were not any different from them. Helen made sign language better and
easier to understand. If it were not for Helen Keller, deaf and blind students would not have as much education as they do today. Helen’s life was so different from others but she did so much.
Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
Helen was a normal baby like others until nineteen months old.

Helen did not begin to learn to read until she was seven years old.
Helen learned a kind of writing system for the blind.
Nobody was willing to teach Helen until Annie came.
What can we know from the passage?
Helen had a close relationship with Annie. B. Helen could not continue her studies without Annie.
C. Annie died at the age of fifty-six. D. Polly Thompson was also a disabled girl.
In the college, Helen .
studied hardest among the students B. got great help from Annie
C. suffered from her blindness D. felt very lonely
From the passage we know that Helen made great contributions to .
the Braille system B. World War II
the education of disabled people D. hospitals in the United States
四、书面表达
请根据下列要点提示写一篇记叙文，并为其加上一个合理的故事结尾：
怀特夫人独自驱车。
她从汽车后视镜中发现有辆蓝色汽车尾随，且车内一名男子朝她招手。
她试图将这辆尾随其后的汽车甩掉，但未能成功。
怀特夫人有些害怕，故将汽车开到警察局。
一名警察告诉她，她车顶上有只猫。注意：1 词数100左右。
每个要点必须表达清楚，可以适当发挥，以使全文连贯。
参考词汇：汽车后视镜 rearview mirror。


词汇点击
be made up of
【原文】The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain. (Page 22)
【解析】be made up of意为“由……组成 / 构成”，其主动形式为make up。如： The performance team is made up of twelve girls.
= Twelve girls make up the performance team.
这个演出队由十二个女孩组成。
【辨析】be made up of & consist of
词
含义及用法
例 句
be made up of
意为“由……组成 / 构成”，可根据具体语境使用主动或被动语态， 可用过去分词形式作后置定语
A university is made up of teachers, administrators and students.
= Teachers, administrators and students make up a university.
大学由教师、行政人员和学生组成。
The team made up of ten boys will come this afternoon.
由十名男生组成的小队将于今天下午抵达。
consist of
和be made up of同义，但consist of 不用于被动语态，作后置定语时只能用现在分词形式
Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages. (Page 22)
古英语是他们的语言混合而成的。
At last they decided to buy the apartment consisting of three rooms.
最终他们决定购买有三个房间的那套公寓。
defeat
【原文】The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066. (Page 22)
【解析】defeat可作动词，意为“击败，战胜”。如：
Before long he rebuilt a strong army and defeated the enemy.
不久之后，他重新建立了一支强大的军队并打败了敌人。
defeat也可作名词，意为“失败，挫败”。如：
Our football team suffered a heavy defeat, which made all of us unhappy.
我们的足球队遭到惨败，这让我们所有人都不高兴。
【辨析】defeat, beat & win
词
含义及用法
例 句
defeat
表示“击败”，后接表示人或团体、组织的名词作宾语
Their team defeated ours by a large score.
他们队以大比分打败了我们队。

（续表）
词
含义及用法
例 句
beat (beat, beaten)
表示“ 打败” 时与defeat用法相近，后接表示人或团体、组织的名词作宾语
We beat/defeated Lincoln High School in the baseball game yesterday.
在昨天的棒球比赛中，我们打败了林肯中学。
win (won, won)
表示“赢得，获胜”，后接表示奖金、奖品、名次、运动比赛的名词作宾语
He won a bronze medal. 他得了铜牌。
They won the basketball match.
他们打赢了这场篮球赛。
lead to
【原文】However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic. (Pages 22—23)
【解析】lead to在此处意为“导致”，相当于result in。此外lead to还可以表示“通往”。如：
These thoughts can lead to/result in intense anger. 这些想法会引发强烈的愤怒。
Excuse me, does this road lead to the railway station? 对不起，请问这条路通往火车站吗？
此外，lead sb. to sth. 意为“使某人得出某观点”；lead sb. to do sth. 则表示“使某人做某事”。如：
What on earth led you to this idea?
= What on earth led you to think so?
究竟是什么让你有这想法的？
raise
【原文】After the Norman Conquest, many English people worked as servants who raised animals. (Page 23)
【解析】raise是及物动词，在此处意为“饲养”。如：
The old man likes raising rabbits, chickens, dogs and horses. 这个老人喜欢养兔子、鸡、狗和马。
raise还可表示“提高”，其基本意思是指不太费力地将物体举向高处或将其从较低的平面移至较高的平面， 进而可引申为生活水平、物价、温度、声音、税率等的提高。此外raise还可表示“筹集；抚养，养育”。如： Slowly he raised his bow and began to take aim at the bird. 他慢慢地举起弓，开始瞄准那只鸟。
We must do everything we can to raise the people’s living standards. 我们要尽我们所能，提高人民的生活水平。The charity show aims to raise money for people with disabilities. 这场慈善演出旨在为残障人士筹款。
I was raised by my grandparents. 我由祖父母抚养长大。
【辨析】raise & rise
词
含义及用法
例 句
raise
可表示“提高；上升；增加”等，是及物动词，其主语通常是人
At the dinner, we all raised our glasses to the 80-year-old man, wishing him a happy birthday.
席间，我们共同举杯，祝贺这位老人八十寿辰。
rise (rose, risen)
也可表示“提高；上升；增加”，是不及物动词，其主语通常是物
The sun rises and bathes the earth.
太阳升起，普照大地。
concern
【原文】King Henry VII was a poet who showed great concern for language. (Page 29)
【解析】concern可以用作名词，意为“关心；忧虑”。如：
Again, thanks for your concern. 再次谢谢你的关心。
Their main concern is that they are not receiving enough money.
使他们最为忧虑的是他们一直没有得到足够的钱。
concern还可以用作动词，意为“涉及；使担忧；对……感兴趣”。如： It doesn’t concern me at all. 此事与我毫不相干。
It does concern me when we don’t take our chances. 有时候我们总错过机会，这确实使我有些担心。

I was surprised to find that she did not concern herself with/about details. 我惊讶地发现她对细节不关注。
【拓展】concerned adj. 关注的，关切的；担心的，忧虑的
concerning adj. 关于，涉及
Females tend to be more concerned about fashion than males. 与男性相比，女性往往对时尚更关注。We are deeply concerned for his safety. 我们非常担心他的安全。
He wrote a report concerning the future development of the company. 他写了一篇关于公司未来发展的报告。
ban
【原文】At one time the department banned some ‘borrowed words’ from English, including ‘weekend’ and ‘e-mail’. (Page 29)
【解析】ban可以作及物动词，意为“禁止，取缔”。如：
We believe that cloning human beings should be banned because it is immoral.
我们认为克隆人类应该被禁止，因为它是不道德的。
短语ban sb. from (doing) sth. 意为“禁止某人做某事”。如： We were surprised to learn that he was banned from the meeting. 得知他被取消出席会议的资格，我们感到惊讶。
Children in Australia are banned from buying cigarettes. 在澳洲，儿童禁止买烟。
此外，ban也可以作名词，意为“禁令”。如：
There has been a ban on smoking in public places. 公共场所禁止吸烟。
access
【原文】Today, the spread of ‘borrowed words’ is mostly due to the easily accessed Internet and television programmes from across the world. (Page 29)
【解析】access可以作动词，意为“进入，使用”。如：
Branch officials can access the central data bank. 分部官员可以使用中央数据库。
access还可以作名词，意为“通道；（使用的）机会，权利”，常用短语have access to意为“可以使用，有接触 / 进入……的机会（或权利）”。如：
The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. 去农舍的唯一通路是穿过田野。Students must have access to good resources. 学生必须有机会使用有益的资源。
embarrass
【原文】She is making fun of you and trying to embarrass you into trying harder. (Page 35)
【解析】embarrass是动词，意为“使尴尬，使难堪”。如：
One woman was trying to embarrass me by asking me questions I couldn’t answer.
一名女子问了一些我无法回答的问题，企图使我下不了台。
【拓展】embarrassed adj. 尴尬的，窘迫的
embarrassing adj. 令人难堪的
embarrassment n. 窘迫，难堪[不可数名词]；令人为难（或尴尬）的人[可数名词] She was embarrassed when they kept telling her how clever she was.
当他们不停地说她非常聪明时，她很不好意思。
She thinks it quite embarrassing to speak in front of a large audience.
她觉得在许多人面前讲话很令人难为情。
To his embarrassment, he realized he had mistaken the girl for someone else.
让他感到尴尬的是，他意识到自己把这个女孩错当成别人了。
I hate to say this, but you have made yourself an embarrassment to your family.
我不想这么说，但你让自己成为了让家人尴尬的人。

conclusion
【原文】In conclusion, we need to know the customs of a country so that we do not make others embarrassed or annoyed. (Page 36)
【解析】conclusion是名词，意为“结论，推断”，in conclusion意为“总之，最后”。此外conclusion常常与
draw、reach、make、come to、arrive at等动词（词组）连用，表示“得出结论”。如：
In conclusion, I would like to thank you all for coming here. 最后，我要感谢你们所有人到这儿来。He soon drew/reached/made/came to/arrived at the conclusion that she was not telling the truth.
他很快得出她没有说实话的结论。
【拓展】conclude vi. & vt. 推断，得出结论
We can conclude from the passage that the author is against experiments on animals.
我们能从文中得出作者反对动物实验的结论。
interrupt
【原文】Saying ‘sorry’ if we