第二十一讲
定语从句
(解析卷)
黑龙江哈尔滨
邱尚瑛
定语从句是历年高考中出现比较频繁的考查内容，无论在单项选择、完型填空还是阅读理解等项目中都占有较大比例。教师在辅导学生进行一轮复习的时候，首先要注重定语从句语言知识的梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容，避免偏题、难题；避免有争议的怪题。教师需要把定语从句部分的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通，形成定语从句的网络构架，通过语言知识的梳理提高学生借助语法知识阅读与写作能力。
本讲要求教师对定语从句的知识点进行梳理，逐条列出学生出容易出现错误的问题，通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I.
Summarize
the
adjective
clause（定语从句概述）
定语从句是修饰名词或代词的；由关系代词或者关系副词引导；被修饰的词叫先行词；有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。关系副词引导定语从句时，关系副词在从句中充当状语；另外关系副词还可以由介词
+
关系代词替代。
常用的关系代词：
先行词是人
—
who,
whom,
whose,
that
先行词是物
—
which,
whose,
that
常用的关系副词：
修饰时间
—
when
修饰地点
—
where
修饰原因
—
why
关系副词
=
介词
+
关系代词
why
=
for
which
where
=
in/
at/
on/
...
which
when
=
during/
on/
in/
...
which
II.
Review
the
attributive
clauses
led
by
relative
pronouns.（复习由关系代词引导的定语从句）
常用的关系代词：
先行词是人
—
who,
whom,
whose,
that
先行词是物
—
which,
whose,
that
1）The
man
who/that
was
sitting
there
yesterday
is
a
middle
school
teacher.
（在从句中做主语）
昨天坐在那儿的那位先生是中学教师。
2）The
boy
who
/that
is
standing
over
there
is
my
brother.（在从句中做主语）
站在那边的那个男孩是我弟弟。
3）The
woman
(whom/that)
you
saw
in
my
room
is
my
mother.（在从句中做宾语时可省略）
你在我房间看到女士是我母亲。
4）The
letter
(which/that）I
received
yesterday
is
from
my
family.
（在从句中做宾语时可省略）
我昨天收到的那封信是我家人寄来的。
5）This
is
Tom
whose
mother
is
our
English
teacher.
（在从句中表示“谁的”用whose引导）
这是汤姆，他的妈妈是我们的英语老师。
III.
限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别：
限定性定语从句是对先行词进行修饰和限制，如果去掉从句，句意不完整或概念不清。
非限定性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。
People
who
take
physical
exercise
live
longer.
进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。
(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)
His
daughter
who
is
in
Boston
now
is
coming
home
next
week.
他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。
(若把从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整)
非限制性定语从句常有逗号与主句分开，有时去掉逗号意义不同。
I
have
a
brother
who
is
a
doctor.
我有一个当医生的兄弟。
(兄弟不止一个)
I
have
a
brother,
who
is
a
doctor.
我有一个兄弟，他是当医生的。
(只有这一个)
IV.
Review
the
attributive
clauses
led
by
relative
adverbs.（复习由关系副词引导的定语从句）
常用的关系副词：when,
where,
why
关系副词
=
介词
+
关系代词
why
=
for
which
where
=
in/
at/
on/
...
which
when
=
during/
on/
in/
...
which
1.
where指地点，在从句中做地点状语。
(1)
Shanghai
is
the
city
where
I
was
born.
上海是我出生的城市。
(2)
The
house
where
I
lived
ten
years
ago
has
been
pulled
down.
我十年前住过的房子已经拆掉了。
2.
when引导定语从句表示时间，在从句中做时间状语。
(1)
I
still
remember
the
day
when
I
first
came
to
the
school.
我仍然记得我第一次来学校的那一天。
(2)
The
time
when
we
got
together
finally
came.
我们相聚的时间终于到了。
3.
why指原因，在从句中做原因状语。
(1)
Please
tell
me
the
reason
why
you
missed
the
plane.
请告诉我你错过飞机的原因。
(2)
I
don’t
know
the
reason
why
he
looks
unhappy
today.
我不知道他今天看起来不高兴的原因。
4.
"介词
+
关系词"
结构：
介词后面的关系代词不能省略，在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when，where和why互换。
(1)
The
reason
why
/
for
which
he
refused
the
invitation
is
not
clear.
他拒绝邀请的理由还不清楚。
(2)
From
the
year
when
/
in
which
he
was
going
to
school,
he
began
to
know
what
he
wanted
when
he
grew
up.
从他上学的那一年起，他开始知道他长大后想要什么。
(3)
This
is
the
house
where
I
lived
two
years
ago.
=
This
is
the
house
in
which
I
lived
two
years
ago.
这是我两年前住过的房子。
(4)
Do
you
remember
the
day
when
you
joined
our
club
=
Do
you
remember
the
day
on
which
you
joined
our
club
你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
(5)
This
is
the
reason
why
he
came
late.
=
This
is
the
reason
for
which
he
came
late.
这就是他迟到的原因。
I.
下列情况必须用“that”引导，而不能用“which”。
1.
先行词是everything，little，few，much，all，anything，nothing或者是由none,
much,
only
修饰。
The
only
thing
that
is
important
is
to
find
our
way
home.
唯一重要的事是要找到回家的路。
Have
you
got
anything
that
belongs
to
me
你那有我什么东西吗？
Finally,
the
thief
handed
everything
that
he
had
stolen.
小偷最后交出了他偷的东西。
Is
this
all
that
is
left
就剩下这一个了吗？
2.
先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。
This
is
the
best
book
(that)
I’ve
ever
read.
这是我读过的一本最好的书。
This
is
the
third
baby
(that)
Mary
gave
birth
to.
这是玛丽生下的第三个孩子。
3.
先行词被the
only，the
last
修饰时，用that。
He
is
the
only
person
that
I
want
to
see
now.
他是我此时唯一想见的人。
4.
先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。
We
talked
about
the
things
and
persons
that
we
saw
then.
我们谈论的是当时见过的人和事。
5.
定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。
A
plane
is
a
machine
that
can
fly.
飞机是能飞的机器。
6.“time”做先行词表示“第……次”时用that。
This
is
the
first
time
that
I
have
been
to
Beijing.
这是我第一次去北京。
II.
注意“that”不能用于非限定性定语从句。
在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指物时只能用
“which”，不能用“that”，而且“which”不能省略。
This
is
John’s
book,
which
is
very
interesting.
这是约翰的书，这本书很有趣。
I
like
to
talk
with
Tom,
who
is
my
old
friend.
我喜欢同汤姆交谈，他是我的老朋友。
III.
which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
当先行词不是主句中的某个词而是整个主句时，关系代词用which或as，但二者的用法也有区别。
1．which引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后，而as引导的从句可在主句前、主句后，也可以在主句中间。
I
failed
again
in
the
match，which
was
a
great
pity.
As
we
had
expected，he
opposed
the
plan.
2．which通常意为“这；这一点”，as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，意为“正如”。
He
sold
his
bicycle，which
surprised
me.
As
we
know，smoking
is
harmful
to
our
health.
＝Smoking
is
harmful
to
our
health，as
we
know.
注意：有时限制性定语从句也可用as引导，但此时先行词前一般有the
same，as，such，so等词修饰。
3．which引导的此类定语从句与前面的主句往往存在着“因果”逻辑关系，主句为“因”，which引导的定语从句表示“果”。21·cn·jy·com
Jim
is
addicted
to
computer
games，which
upsets
his
parents
very
much.
知识点一
由关系代词引导的定语从句
例1：She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
_________
helps
them
keep
fit.
A. which B. who C. as D. that
【答案】A
【解析】句意：她和家人骑车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。这是一个非限制性定语从句，空格处指代前面整个句子，所以用which引导非限制性定语从句，
which在从句中作主语。who指人；that不能用于非限制性定语从句；as通常翻译成“正如、就像”，因此可排除，故答案为A。
变式训练1：
1）He
told
us
the
stories
and
writers _____ interested
him.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. who
【答案】A
【解析】句意：他给我们讲了那些使他感兴趣的故事和作家。此句为限制性定语从句，该句的先行词是stories
and
writers，当先行词同时指人和指物时，关系代词要用that。which
不能同时修饰两个分别指人和物的先行词，what不引导定语从句，而且what又是先行词和关系代词的结合体，此处已经有先行词了，所以可以排除。who只修饰人。故答案为A。
2）His
parents
wouldn’t
let
her
marry
anyone
_____
family
was
poor.
A.
whom
B.
whose
C.
who
D.
which
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他的父母不会让她嫁给贫穷家庭的人。此句为限制性定语从句，其先行词是anyone，whose表示……的（所属关系），在从句中作定语，修饰family，指任何人的家庭。who在从句中做主语，该从句缺少的是定语。which在从句中可做主语，但不作定语。所以选择whose引导，故答案为B
知识点二
由关系副词引导的定语从句
例2：Artificial
intelligence
(AI
)
is
an
area
_______
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world
are
on
the
same
starting
line
now.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】句意：当今，人工智能（AI）领域是一个中国和世界其它地区在同一起跑线上的领域。这是一个限制性定语从句，先行词area指地点，而且从句主系表结构完整，只缺少状语，当先行词指的是时间、地点、原因，而且先行词在从句中作状语时，从句分别由关系副词when，where，why引导。此句的先行词指地点，并且在从句中做地点状语，所以用where引导，故答案为B。
变式训练2：
1）We
are
living
in
an
age
______ most
of
things
are
done
on
cell
phones.
A. which
B. that
C. whose D. when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们生活在一个很多事情都是由手机完成的年代里。该句是一个带有定语从句的句子，先行词是an
age，从句是一个被动语态，句子结构完整，先行词an
age在从句中作时间状语，所以要由关系副词when引导。故答案为D。
2）Who
can
give
me
the
reason
__________
he
hasn’t
turned
up
yet
A.
for
why
B.
which
C.
why
D.
on
which
【答案】C
【解析】句意：谁能告诉我他还没来的原因。该句的先行词是reason，在从句中表示原因（他为什么还没有到达？）答案A是错把for
which与why弄混淆了，why
=
for
which；答案B的which用于"介词
+
关系词"
结构（"介词+关系词"结构可以与关系副词when，where和why互换），答案D的on
which在从句中表示在某段时间或者在某物之上等，答案D如果是for
which才是正确的，前面强调了why
=
for
which。故答案为C。
知识点三
“介词
+
关系词”
结构引导定语从句的用法
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例3：Nowadays,
more
and
more
young
ladies,
_______
figures
most
are
fine
enough,
are
going
on
a
diet.
A. who
B. whose C. of
whose D. of
whom
【答案】C
【解析】句意：如今，越来越多的年轻女士都在节食，其中大多数身材都不错。句中先行词ladies在非限定性定语从句中作figures的定语，再根据most表示“大部分”，后接介词of表示范围，相当于most
of
young
ladies'
figures。故答案选C。
变式训练3：
1）I was given three books on cooking, the first _____ I really enjoyed.
A. of that
B. of which
C. that
D. which
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我得到了三本烹调方面的书，其中第一本是我真正喜欢的。这也是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是books，空格处first后面修饰的是先行词，并且作从句enjoyed的宾语，在从句中作宾语既可以用that，也可以用which，然而主句说的是三本书，从句the
first告诉我们是喜欢三本中书的第一本（the
first
of
the
books），of
which表示整体与部分的关系，其结构是：“部分+
of
+
which
(整体)”，故答案为B。
Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _____
wanted
to
buy
it.
A.
none of them
B.
both of them
C.
none of whom
D.
neither of whom
【答案】D
【解析】句意：上个星期，仅有两个人来看房子，这两个人也都不想买。这句也是非限制性定语从句，先行词是two people，在从句中做主语。首先答案A和B可以排除，因为them不能引导定语从句，答案C中的none指代三个以上时用，答案D中的neither指代两个，所以答案D正确。故选择答案D。
知识点四
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
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例4：Due
to
the
rising
rents,
the
new
graduate
has
decided
to
leave
Beijing
for
his
hometown,
________ have
many
other
classmates.
A. so B. as C. which D. nor
【答案】B
【解析】句意：由于租金上涨，这位新毕业的大学生决定离开北京回家乡，正像许多其他同学做的那样。此句为非限制性定语从句，所以，答案A和D可以排除，as和which均可以引导非限制性定语从句，在本句中，as表示“正如，就像”，故选择B。
变式训练4：
1）I
want
to
use
the
same
tools________
used
in
your
factory
a
few
days
ago.
A. as
was
B. which
were C. as
were D. which
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我想用几天前在你们工厂使用的那些工具。该句也是考查as引导的定语从句。as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the
same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语，同时当as做主语时，谓语常用系动词。本题中as作从句的主语。故选择C。
2）
_______
has
already
been
pointed
out,
grammar
is
not
a
set
of
dead
rules.
A. It
B. Which
C. As
D. What
【答案】C
【解析】句意：正像已经有人指出的那样，语法并不是一套死规则。As
has
already
been
pointed
out相当于as
is
known
to
all。故选择C。
知识点五
非限制性定语从句
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例5：
Mary,
_________brother
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Canada.
A. whom B. that C. whose D. her
【答案】C
【解析】句意：玛丽已经去加拿大工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的兄弟共住一室。该句中先行词为Mary，在非限定性定语从句中作名词brother的定语，whose在从句中表示所属关系，意为……的，所以用关系代词whose。故选择C。
变式训练5：
1）You can find whatever you need at the shopping center，_____ is always busy at the weekend.
A. that
B. where C. what D. which
【答案】D
【解析】句意：你可以在购物中心找到你需要的任何商品，购物中心在周末总是很忙碌。这句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是shopping center在从句中做主语that不能引导非限制性定语从句where在从句中做地点状语，而空白处缺少的是主语；what引导名词性从句，不是定语从句的关系词，可以排除。which在从句中指代shopping center，在从句中做主语，故选择D。
2）We
climbed
up
to
the
top
of
a
hill,
_____ we
got
a
good
view
of
the
whole
forest
park.
A.
which
B.
where
C.
when
D.
that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们爬上了山顶，在那里我们可以看到整个森林公园的美景。此句为非限制性定语从句，句中的the
top
of
a
hill是先行词，指地点，后面的非限制性定语从句中主语、谓语、宾语完整，缺少一个地点状语，故选择B。
1.（2019
天津卷
3）A
study
shows
the
students
who
are
engaged
in
after-school
activities
are happier than ___________ who are not.
A. ones
B. those
C. these
D. them
【答案】B
【解析】句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生快乐多。答案
B. those作为定语从句who are not的先行词替代前文出现的定语从句who
are
engaged
in
after-school
activities的先行词the
students；所以选择答案B。
2.（2019
天津卷
11）Their
child
is
at
the
stage
___________
she
can
say
individual
words
but not full sentences.
A. why
B. where
C. which
D. what
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他们的孩子现在处于能说单词的阶段，但还不能说出完整的句子。
该试题考查的是关系副词引导的定语从句的用法。先行词stage表示阶段，at
the
stage在这个阶段。why引导表示原因的定语从句，排除；what引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句，排除；where和which均可以引导表示阶段（地点）的定语从句，在从句中做地点状语；但是如果用which引导，必须在which前加介词in，既：where
=
in
which（答案C.
which前缺少介词）。所以选择答案B。
3.（2018
江苏卷
23） Self-driving
is
an
area
________
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world
are
on
the
same
starting
line.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
【答案】C
【解析】句意：自动驾驶是中国和世界其他国家站在同一条起跑线上的一个领域。该句的句子结构看出考查的是定语从句，area作为空格处的先行词，从句中结构完整，缺少地点状语，表示地点的关系副词用where引导，that和which为关系代词在从句中做主语、宾语或表语；which在其前面加介词也可替代，既：where
=
in
which（答案C.
which前缺少介词）。when是表示时间的关系副词，排除。所以选择答案B。
4.（2019
江苏卷
21） We
have
entered
into
an
age
_______
dreams
have
the
best
chance
of
coming
true.
A.which
B.what
C.when
D.that
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。此题从句子结构可分析出考查的是定语从句，先行词age所表示的是时间，需要选择一个能表示时间的关系词来引导定语从句。答案B.
what可引导名词性从句，排除。如果用答案A.
which引导，需要在which前面加上介词during或in（in
which
/
during
which）；that做定语从句中关系代词，在从句中做主语、宾语、表语；when引导先行词
表示时间的定语从句，在从句中做时间状语；因此选择答案C。
5.（2018
天津卷
2)
Kate,
_________sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
A.
whom
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
her
【答案】C
【解析】句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了，我们上大学时，我和她的姐姐同住一个房间。从该句子结构明显看出是非限制性定语从句，答案D不是引导定语从句的关系词，排除；whom在从句中作宾语，而该句的关系词在从句中作定语，排除；that
在从句中可以做主语、宾语，排除。whose在从句中作定语表示所属关系（谁的）。所以选择答案C
1.
Children
who
are
not
active
or
_____
diet
is
high
in
fat
will
gain
weight
quickly.
A. what
B. which
C. whose
D. that
【答案】C
【解析】句意：不爱活动或日常饮食含高脂肪的孩子会很快长胖。what不是定语从句的关系词；
which关系代词，在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语；whose表示……的，在定语从句中做定语；that关系代词，在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语。这里分析语境可知，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中做定语，故答案选C。
2.
Newly
released
data
point
to
an
increase
in
cell-phone
use
among
children
______some
worry
is
changing
the
very
nature
of
childhood.
A. why
B. which
C. who
D. wher
【答案】B
【解析】句意：最新公布的数据显示儿童手机的使用在增加，一些人担心这将会改变儿童的天性。which引导定语从句指代an
increase
in
cell-phone
use，在从句中作主语，some
worry是插入语，故选择B。
3.
Wu
Lei
is
the
only
Chinese
player
has
made
it
onto
the
latest
World
Soccer
500
list.
A. who
B. which
C. whose
D. whom
【答案】A
【解析】句意：吴磊是唯一的一位登上世界足球500强榜单的中国选手。句中player是先行词，关系词在从句中做主语并且指人时用who。后面的定语从句中缺少的是主语，故选择A。
4.
Facebook
is
a
very
famous
social
networking
website
founded
in
2004
____
millions
of
people
interact
with
one
another.
A. when
B. that
C. which D. where
【答案】D
【解析】句意：成立于2004年的Facebook（脸谱/脸书）是一个非常著名的社交网站，数以百万计的人在此网站上相互交流。该句中先行词为website，在从句中作地点状语，所以，关系副词用where。故选择D。
5.
—Haven't
you
realized
the
use
the
used
paper
—Yes,
already.
A. we
make
of
B. which
we
make
C. for
our
making
D. for
us
to
make
【答案】A
【解析】句意：—
你还没有意识到我们对旧纸的使用吗？—
不，已经意识到了。make
use
of固定短语，“利用......”，此处the
use做先行词，故答案选A。
6.
We
all
like
James
because
he
is
a
man
______
everybody
thinks
is
pleasant
______.
A. who;
to
be
got
along
with
B. whom,
to
get
along
with
who;
to
get
along
with
D. whom;
to
be
got
along
with
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们都喜欢詹姆斯，因为他是一个每个人都认为很好相处的人。man是先行词，“everybody
thinks”是插入语，定语从句缺少主语，因此用who引导；get
along
with的逻辑主语是everybody，二者是主动关系，故答案选C。
7.
Have
you
ever
been
in
a
situation
_____
you
know
the
other
person
is
right
yet
you
cannot
agree
with
him
A. where
B. which C. that D. as
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你是否曾经处于一种你知道另一个人是对的，但你却不能同意他的看法的境况？该句是一个限制性定语从句，句中的先行词为situation，在从句中做地点状语，所以使用关系副词where，故选A。
8.
Because
of
the
financial
crisis,
days
are
gone
_____
local
5-star
hotels
charged
6,000
yuan
for
one
night.
A. when
B. if
C. which
D. since
【答案】A
【解析】句意：由于经济危机，在当地五星级酒店住一个晚上就要6,000元的日子一去不复返了。先行词是days，后面的定语从句意思是“Local
5－star
hotels
charged
6,000
yuan
for
one
night
during
the
days”，所以关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，因此用关系副词when，when
=
during
the
days。请注意：先行词days和定语从句local
5－star
hotels
charged
6,000
yuan
for
one
night被谓语部分隔开了，选A。
9.
Last
week
I
picked
up
a
beautiful
vase
in
the
market,
____
the
price
was
very
reasonable.
A. which
B. whose
C. of
which
D. where
【答案】C
【解析】句意：上周，我在市场买了一个漂亮的花瓶，它的价格很合理。此处vase做先行词，指物，在定语从句中做介词of的宾语，the
price
of
the
vase
=
of
which
the
price，故选C。
10.
The
stadium
_____
stands
a
theatre
will
be
reconstructed.
A. beside
which
B. for
which
C. when
D. which
【答案】A
【解析】句意：这个体育馆将被重建，它的旁边矗立着一个剧院。“____
stands
a
theatre”是定语从句，修饰the
stadium，剧院旁边的那个体育馆将要重建。该从句是由beside
+关系代词（介词+关系代词结构）引导的。the
stadium在从句中做介词beside的宾语，应用关系代词which，故选择A。
11.
The
following
speed
of
a
plant
is
influenced
by
a
number
of
factors,
_____
are
beyond
our
control
A. most
of
them
B. most
of
that
C. most
of
which
D. most
of
what
【答案】C
【解析】句意：植物的生长速度受很多因素的影响，其中大多数是超出我们控制的。根据两句之间是逗号，没有连词，判断后一句是定语从句；先行词为factors，非限制性定语从句指物只能用which，故选C项。如果选A项，前面必须要有连词；B项that不能用于前面有介词和非限制性定语从句中；D项what也不能引导定语从句。故选择C。
12.
The
CCTV
program,
A
Bite
of
China
attracts
many
people
to
Suqian
to
taste
local
food,
_____
up
to
half
are
from
overseas.
A. in
which
B. for
whom
C. with
which
D. of
whom
【答案】D
【解析】名意：中央电视台的“舌尖上的中国”吸引了许多人来宿迁来品尝当地食物，其中好多人来自海外。该句中many
people为先行词，在非限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语，所以只能用who的宾格whom，意思为“这些人当中的一半来自海外”。故选择D。
13.
On
her
birthday,
she
received
a
nice
present
from
her
parents
_____
a
note
was
attached,
saying
"We
love
you
so
much."
A. that
B. to
which
C. in
which
D. which
【答案】B
【解析】句意：在生日那天，她收到了一份父母送给她的礼物，上面附有一张纸条，纸条上写着：“我们非常爱你”。
attach…
to...，固定短语，“附在……上”；该句是限制性定语从句，先行词是present，做介词to的宾语，介词后面的引导词指物用which，故答案为B。
14.
There
is
no
simple
answer,
is
often
the
case
in
science.
A. when
B. that
C. as
D. where
【答案】C
【解析】句意：没有简单的答案，在科学上情况通常是这样。
is
often
the
case
in
science是非限制性定语从句，本句的先行词是空格前的整个句子，且从句中缺少主语。选项中有此用法的是as。as在句中意为“正如，正像”。“as
is
often
the
case”常被看作是一个固定搭配，意为“情况通常是这样”，符合句意。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故选C。
15.
I
want
to
use
the
same
tools________
used
in
your
factory
a
few
days
ago.
A. as
was
B. which
were
C. as
were
D. which
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我想用那些几天前在你们工厂使用的那些工具。此句考查的是as引导的定语从句。as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the
same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语。故选C。
16.
He
is
such
a
person
always
helps
others
without
claiming
a
reward,
makes
him
popular
in
the
community.
A. that;
that
B. that;
which
C. which;
which D. as;
which
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他是一个帮助他人不求回报的人，这使得他在社区中十分受欢迎。第一空后always
helps
others缺主语，可知第一空应用as来引导定语从句；第二空引导的是非限制性定语从句，且在句中做主语，故应用which，故选D。
17.
—
Hello,
is
Mr.
Smith
in
—
Sorry,
there
is
______person
______
you
referred
to
in
my
office.
A. such
no;
that
B. such
no;
whom
C. no
such;
who
D. no
such;
as
【答案】D
【解析】句意：—
你好，Smith先生在吗？—
抱歉，在我们办公室里没有你说的这样一个人。such作为形容词+名词，no否定词放在前边，no
such
+名词“没有这样的……”。先行词是such
person，与as构成固定搭配such
…
as，故答案为D。
18.
Teachers
are
those
who
use
themselves
as
bridges,
over
they
invite
their
students
to
cross．
A. them
B. which
C. whom
D. those
【答案】B
【解析】句意：教师是这样的人，他们把自己作为桥梁，请学生横跨而过，并鼓励学生去修建自己的桥梁。bridges做先行词，指物，放在介词over后面引导非限制性定语从句，故选B。
19.
John
invited
about
40
people
to
his
wedding,
most
of
______
are
family
members.
A. them
B. that
C. which
D. whom
【答案】D
【解析】句意：约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，大部分人是家庭成员。先行词为40
people，定语从句中of
后缺少宾语，故使用whom。them为人称代词，不能引导定语从句；介词之后不能用that，应予以排除；which指先行词为物。所以表示人的关系代词who的宾格，故选择D。
20.
We
really
appreciate
our
learning
environment,
______
we
can
have
direct
communication.
A. whom
B. which
C. where
D. when
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们非常欣赏我们的学习环境，在这样的环境里，我们可以直接交流。learning
environment是先行词指物，排除A和D；先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，意思是：在这样的环境中，所以用关系副词where引导，排除B。故选择C。
挑战真题
23第二十一讲
定语从句
(原卷版)
黑龙江哈尔滨
邱尚瑛
定语从句是历年高考中出现比较频繁的考查内容，无论在单项选择、完型填空还是阅读理解等项目中都占有较大比例。教师在辅导学生进行一轮复习的时候，首先要注重定语从句语言知识的梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容，避免偏题、难题；避免有争议的怪题。教师需要把定语从句部分的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通，形成定语从句的网络构架，通过语言知识的梳理提高学生借助语法知识阅读与写作能力。
本讲要求教师对定语从句的知识点进行梳理，逐条列出学生出容易出现错误的问题，通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I.
Summarize
the
adjective
clause（定语从句概述）
定语从句是修饰名词或代词的；由关系代词或者关系副词引导；被修饰的词叫先行词；有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。关系副词引导定语从句时，关系副词在从句中充当状语；另外关系副词还可以由介词
+
关系代词替代。
常用的关系代词：
先行词是人
—
who,
whom,
whose,
that
先行词是物
—
which,
whose,
that
常用的关系副词：
修饰时间
—
when
修饰地点
—
where
修饰原因
—
why
关系副词
=
介词
+
关系代词
why
=
for
which
where
=
in/
at/
on/
...
which
when
=
during/
on/
in/
...
which
II.
Review
the
attributive
clauses
led
by
relative
pronouns.（复习由关系代词引导的定语从句）
常用的关系代词：
先行词是人
—
who,
whom,
whose,
that
先行词是物
—
which,
whose,
that
1）The
man
who/that
was
sitting
there
yesterday
is
a
middle
school
teacher.
（在从句中做主语）
昨天坐在那儿的那位先生是中学教师。
2）The
boy
who
/that
is
standing
over
there
is
my
brother.（在从句中做主语）
站在那边的那个男孩是我弟弟。
3）The
woman
(whom/that)
you
saw
in
my
room
is
my
mother.（在从句中做宾语时可省略）
你在我房间看到女士是我母亲。
4）The
letter
(which/that）I
received
yesterday
is
from
my
family.
（在从句中做宾语时可省略）
我昨天收到的那封信是我家人寄来的。
5）This
is
Tom
whose
mother
is
our
English
teacher.
（在从句中表示“谁的”用whose引导）
这是汤姆，他的妈妈是我们的英语老师。
III.
限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别：
限定性定语从句是对先行词进行修饰和限制，如果去掉从句，句意不完整或概念不清。
非限定性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。
People
who
take
physical
exercise
live
longer.
进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。
(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)
His
daughter
who
is
in
Boston
now
is
coming
home
next
week.
他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。
(若把从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整)
非限制性定语从句常有逗号与主句分开，有时去掉逗号意义不同。
I
have
a
brother
who
is
a
doctor.
我有一个当医生的兄弟。
(兄弟不止一个)
I
have
a
brother,
who
is
a
doctor.
我有一个兄弟，他是当医生的。
(只有这一个)
IV.
Review
the
attributive
clauses
led
by
relative
adverbs.（复习由关系副词引导的定语从句）
常用的关系副词：when,
where,
why
关系副词
=
介词
+
关系代词
why
=
for
which
where
=
in/
at/
on/
...
which
when
=
during/
on/
in/
...
which
1.
where指地点，在从句中做地点状语。
(1)
Shanghai
is
the
city
where
I
was
born.
上海是我出生的城市。
(2)
The
house
where
I
lived
ten
years
ago
has
been
pulled
down.
我十年前住过的房子已经拆掉了。
2.
when引导定语从句表示时间，在从句中做时间状语。
(1)
I
still
remember
the
day
when
I
first
came
to
the
school.
我仍然记得我第一次来学校的那一天。
(2)
The
time
when
we
got
together
finally
came.
我们相聚的时间终于到了。
3.
why指原因，在从句中做原因状语。
(1)
Please
tell
me
the
reason
why
you
missed
the
plane.
请告诉我你错过飞机的原因。
(2)
I
don’t
know
the
reason
why
he
looks
unhappy
today.
我不知道他今天看起来不高兴的原因。
4.
"介词
+
关系词"
结构：
介词后面的关系代词不能省略，在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when，where和why互换。
(1)
The
reason
why
/
for
which
he
refused
the
invitation
is
not
clear.
他拒绝邀请的理由还不清楚。
(2)
From
the
year
when
/
in
which
he
was
going
to
school,
he
began
to
know
what
he
wanted
when
he
grew
up.
从他上学的那一年起，他开始知道他长大后想要什么。
(3)
This
is
the
house
where
I
lived
two
years
ago.
=
This
is
the
house
in
which
I
lived
two
years
ago.
这是我两年前住过的房子。
(4)
Do
you
remember
the
day
when
you
joined
our
club
=
Do
you
remember
the
day
on
which
you
joined
our
club
你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
(5)
This
is
the
reason
why
he
came
late.
=
This
is
the
reason
for
which
he
came
late.
这就是他迟到的原因。
I.
下列情况必须用“that”引导，而不能用“which”。
1.
先行词是everything，little，few，much，all，anything，nothing或者是由none,
much,
only
修饰。
The
only
thing
that
is
important
is
to
find
our
way
home.
唯一重要的事是要找到回家的路。
Have
you
got
anything
that
belongs
to
me
你那有我什么东西吗？
Finally,
the
thief
handed
everything
that
he
had
stolen.
小偷最后交出了他偷的东西。
Is
this
all
that
is
left
就剩下这一个了吗？
2.
先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。
This
is
the
best
book
(that)
I’ve
ever
read.
这是我读过的一本最好的书。
This
is
the
third
baby
(that)
Mary
gave
birth
to.
这是玛丽生下的第三个孩子。
3.
先行词被the
only，the
last
修饰时，用that。
He
is
the
only
person
that
I
want
to
see
now.
他是我此时唯一想见的人。
4.
先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。
We
talked
about
the
things
and
persons
that
we
saw
then.
我们谈论的是当时见过的人和事。
5.
定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。
A
plane
is
a
machine
that
can
fly.
飞机是能飞的机器。
6.“time”做先行词表示“第……次”时用that。
This
is
the
first
time
that
I
have
been
to
Beijing.
这是我第一次去北京。
II.
注意“that”不能用于非限定性定语从句。
在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指物时只能用
“which”，不能用“that”，而且“which”不能省略。
This
is
John’s
book,
which
is
very
interesting.
这是约翰的书，这本书很有趣。
I
like
to
talk
with
Tom,
who
is
my
old
friend.
我喜欢同汤姆交谈，他是我的老朋友。
III.
which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
当先行词不是主句中的某个词而是整个主句时，关系代词用which或as，但二者的用法也有区别。
1．which引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后，而as引导的从句可在主句前、主句后，也可以在主句中间。
I
failed
again
in
the
match，which
was
a
great
pity.
As
we
had
expected，he
opposed
the
plan.
2．which通常意为“这；这一点”，as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，意为“正如”。
He
sold
his
bicycle，which
surprised
me.
As
we
know，smoking
is
harmful
to
our
health.
＝Smoking
is
harmful
to
our
health，as
we
know.
注意：有时限制性定语从句也可用as引导，但此时先行词前一般有the
same，as，such，so等词修饰。
3．which引导的此类定语从句与前面的主句往往存在着“因果”逻辑关系，主句为“因”，which引导的定语从句表示“果”。21·cn·jy·com
Jim
is
addicted
to
computer
games，which
upsets
his
parents
very
much.
知识点一
由关系代词引导的定语从句
例1：She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
_________
helps
them
keep
fit.
A. which B. who C. as D. that
【答案】A
【解析】句意：她和家人骑车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。这是一个非限制性定语从句，空格处指代前面整个句子，所以用which引导非限制性定语从句，
which在从句中作主语。who指人；that不能用于非限制性定语从句；as通常翻译成“正如、就像”，因此可排除，故答案为A。
变式训练1：
1）He
told
us
the
stories
and
writers _____ interested
him.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. who
2）His
parents
wouldn’t
let
her
marry
anyone
_____
family
was
poor.
A.
whom
B.
whose
C.
who
D.
which
知识点二
由关系副词引导的定语从句
例2：Artificial
intelligence
(AI
)
is
an
area
_______
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world
are
on
the
same
starting
line
now.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】句意：当今，人工智能（AI）是一个中国和世界其它地区在同一起跑线上的领域。这是一个限制性定语从句，先行词area指地点，而且从句主系表结构完整，只缺少状语，当先行词指的是时间、地点、原因，而且先行词在从句中作状语时，从句分别由关系副词when，where，why引导。此句的先行词指地点，并且在从句中做地点状语，所以用where引导，故答案为B。
变式训练2：
1）We
are
living
in
an
age
most
of
things
are
done
on
cell
phones.
A. which
B. that
C. whose D. when
2）Who
can
give
me
the
reason
__________
he
hasn’t
turned
up
yet
A.
for
why
B.
which
C.
why
D.
on
which
知识点三
“介词
+
关系词”
结构引导定语从句的用法
( javascript:; )
例3：Nowadays,
more
and
more
young
ladies,
figures
most
are
fine
enough,
are
going
on
a
diet.
A. who
B. whose C. of
whose D. of
whom
【答案】C
【解析】句意：如今，越来越多的年轻女士都在节食，其中大多数身材都不错。句中先行词ladies在非限定性定语从句中作figures的定语，再根据most表示“大部分”，后接介词of表示范围，相当于most
of
young
ladies'
figures。故答案选C。
变式训练3：
1）I was given three books on cooking, the first _____ I really enjoyed.
A. of that
B. of which
C. that
D. which
2）Last
week,
only
two
people
came
to
look
at
the
house, _____
wanted
to
buy
it.
A.
none of them
B.
both of them
C.
none of whom
D.
neither of whom
知识点四
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
( javascript:; )
例4：Due
to
the
rising
rents,
the
new
graduate
has
decided
to
leave
Beijing
for
his
hometown,
have
many
other
classmates.
A. so B. as C. which D. nor
【答案】B
【解析】句意：由于租金上涨，这位新毕业的大学生决定离开北京回家乡，正像许多其他同学做的那样。此句为非限制性定语从句，所以，答案A和D可以排除，as和which均可以引导非限制性定语从句，在本句中，as表示“正如，就像”，故选择B。
变式训练4：
1）I
want
to
use
the
same
tools________
used
in
your
factory
a
few
days
ago.
A. as
was
B. which
were C. as
were D. which
2）
_______
has
already
been
pointed
out,
grammar
is
not
a
set
of
dead
rules.
A. It
B. Which
C. As
D. What
知识点五
非限制性定语从句
( javascript:; )
例5：Mary,
_________brother
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Canada.
A. whom B. that C. whose D. her
【答案】C
【解析】句意：玛丽已经去加拿大工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。该句中先行词为Mary，在非限定性定语从句中作名词brother的定语，whose在从句中表示所属关系，意为……的，所以用关系代词whose。故选择C。
变式训练5：
1）You can find whatever you need at the shopping center，_____ is always busy at the weekend.
A. that
B. where C. what D. which
2）We
climbed
up
to
the
top
of
a
hill,
_____ we
got
a
good
view
of
the
whole
forest
park.
A.
which
B.
where
C.
when
D.
that
1.（2019
天津卷
3）A
study
shows
the
students
who
are
engaged
in
after-school
activities
are happier than ___________ who are not.
A. ones
B. those
C. these
D. them
2.（2019
天津卷
11）Their
child
is
at
the
stage
___________
she
can
say
individual
words
but not full sentences.
A. why
B. where
C. which
D. what
3.（2018
江苏卷
23） Self-driving
is
an
area
________
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world
are
on
the
same
starting
line.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
4.（2019
江苏卷
21） We
have
entered
into
an
age
_______
dreams
have
the
best
chanceof
coming
true.
A.which
B.what
C.when
D.that
5.（2018
天津卷
2)
Kate,
_________sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
A.
whom
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
her
1.
Children
who
are
not
active
or
_____
diet
is
high
in
fat
will
gain
weight
quickly.
A. what
B. which
C. whose
D. that
2.
Newly
released
data
point
to
an
increase
in
cell-phone
use
among
children
some
worry
is
changing
the
very
nature
of
childhood.
A. why
B. which
C. who
D. where
3.
Wu
Lei
is
the
only
Chinese
player
has
made
it
onto
the
latest
World
Soccer
500
list.
A. who
B. which
C. whose
D. whom
4.
Facebook
is
a
very
famous
social
networking
website
founded
in
2004
____
millions
of
people
interact
with
one
another.
A. when
B. that
C. which D. where
5.
—Haven't
you
realized
the
use
the
used
paper
—Yes,
already.
A. we
make
of
B. which
we
make
C. for
our
making
D. for
us
to
make
6.
We
all
like
James
because
he
is
a
man
______
everybody
thinks
is
pleasant
______.
A. who;
to
be
got
along
with
B. whom,
to
get
along
with
who;
to
get
along
with
D. whom;
to
be
got
along
with
7.
Have
you
ever
been
in
a
situation
_____
you
know
the
other
person
is
right
yet
you
cannot
agree
with
him
A. where
B. which C. that D. as
8.
Because
of
the
financial
crisis,
days
are
gone
_____
local
5-star
hotels
charged
6,000
yuan
for
one
night.
A. when
B. if
C. which
D. since
9.
Last
week
I
picked
up
a
beautiful
vase
in
the
market,
____
the
price
was
very
reasonable.
A. which
B. whose
C. of
which
D. where
10.
The
stadium
_____
stands
a
theatre
will
be
reconstructed.
A. beside
which
B. for
which
C. when
D. which
11.
The
following
speed
of
a
plant
is
influenced
by
a
number
of
factors,
_____
are
beyond
our
control
A. most
of
them
B. most
of
that
C. most
of
which
D. most
of
what
12.
The
CCTV
program,
A
Bite
of
China
attracts
many
people
to
Suqian
to
taste
local
food,
_____
up
to
half
are
from
overseas.
A. in
which
B. for
whom
C. with
which
D. of
whom
13.
On
her
birthday,
she
received
a
nice
present
from
her
parents
_____
a
note
was
attached,
saying
"We
love
you
so
much."
A. that
B. to
which
C. in
which
D. which
14.
There
is
no
simple
answer,
is
often
the
case
in
science.
A. when
B. that
C. as
D. where
15.
I
want
to
use
the
same
tools________
used
in
your
factory
a
few
days
ago.
A. as
was
B. which
were
C. as
were
D. which
16.
He
is
such
a
person
always
helps
others
without
claiming
a
reward,
makes
him
popular
in
the
community.
A. that;
that
B. that;
which
C. which;
which D. as;
which
17.
—
Hello,
is
Mr.
Smith
in
—
Sorry,
there
is
______person
______
you
referred
to
in
my
office.
A. such
no;
that
B. such
no;
whom
C. no
such;
who
D. no
such;
as
18.
Teachers
are
those
who
use
themselves
as
bridges,
over
they
invite
their
students
to
cross．
A. them
B. which
C. whom
D. those
19.
John
invited
about
40
people
to
his
wedding,
most
of
______
are
family
members.
A. them
B. that
C. which
D. whom
20.
We
really
appreciate
our
learning
environment,
______
we
can
have
direct
communication.
A. whom B. which C. where D. when
挑战真题
23(共33张PPT)
第二十一讲
定语从句
作者：黑龙江
哈尔滨
邱尚瑛
高考一轮复习
全国版
考纲解读
1.
对定语的从句语言知识进行梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容。
2.
避免偏题、难题；避免有争议的怪题。教师需要把定语从句部分的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通，形成定语从句的网络构架，通过对语言知识的梳理提高学生借助语法知识进行阅读与写作能力。
3.
熟练掌握各类定语从句的用法，列出学生出容易出现错误的问题。
4.
通过典型例句讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
典例精讲
知识点一
由关系代词引导的定语从句
典例1：She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
_________
helps
them
keep
fit.
A. which B. who C. as D. that
【句意】她和家人骑车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。
A
指人
在从句中作主语
正如、就像，不能引
导状语从句，排除
不能用于非限制性定语从句
which引导非限制性定语从句，空格处指代前面整个句子。
变式训练
考向一
先行词同时是人和物
变式训练
1-1．He
told
us
the
stories
and
writers _____ interested
him.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. who
【句意】
：他给我们讲了那些使他感兴趣的故事和作家。
A
先行词同时是人和物，关系代词要用that
先行词同时指人和指物，关系代词用that
不能同时修饰两个分别
指人和物的先行词
不能引导定语从句
只修饰人
变式训练
考向二
关系代词whose
变式训练
1-2.
His
parents
wouldn’t
let
her
marry
anyone
_____
family
was
poor.
A.
whom
B.
whose
C.
who
D.
which
【句意】他的父母不会让她嫁给贫穷家庭的人。
B
从句中做主语，不作定语
从句中作宾语
whose表示……的（所属关系），在从句中作定语，修饰family，指任何人的家庭
不能表示所属关系
空格处缺少表示所属关系的词
典例精讲
知识点二
由关系副词引导的定语从句
典例2：
Artificial
intelligence
(AI
)
is
an
area
_______
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world
are
on
the
same
starting
line
now.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
B
句意：当今，人工智能（AI）领域是一个中国和世界其它地区在同一起跑线上的领域。
先行词指的是时间、地点、原因，而且先行词在从句中作状语时，从句分别由关系副词when，where，why引导。此处area指地点（区域/领域）
先行词指地点，从句主系表结构完整，用表示地点的关系副词引导，在从句中做地点状语
关系代词
关系代词
引导先行词表示
时间的定语从句
变式训练
考向一
表示时间的关系词
变式训练
2-1.
We
are
living
in
an
age
_______ most
of
things
are
done
on
cell
phones.
A. which
B. that
C. whose
D. when
句意：我们生活在一个很多事情都是由手机完成的年代里。
D
从句是被动语态，句子结构完整。先行词an
age在从句中做时间状语
从句中做主语或宾语，或引导非限制性从句；也可加介词构成介词结构：where
=
in
which
引导先行词表示时间的定语从句，在从句中作状语
关系代词，从句中做定语
关系代词，从句中做主语或宾语
变式训练
考向二
表示原因的关系词
变式训练
2-2.
Who
can
give
me
the
reason
__________
he
hasn’t
turned
up
yet
A.
for
why
B.
which
C.
why
D.
on
which
句意：谁能告诉我他还没来的原因。
C
"介词
+
关系词"
结构；"介词+关系词"
结构，可与when，where，why互换
该句的先行词是reason，在从句中表
示原因（他为什么还没有到达？）
把for
which与why混淆了
why
=
for
which
引导先行词表示原因的从句
在定语从句中做原因状语
从句中表示在某段时间
或者在某物之上
典例精讲
知识点三
“介词
+
关系词”
结构引导定语从句的用法
典例3：Nowadays,
more
and
more
young
ladies,—————
figures
most
are
fine
enough,
are
going
on
a
diet.
A. who
B. whose C. of
whose D. of
whom
C
句意：如今，越来越多的年轻女士都在节食，其中大多数身材都不错。
most表示“大部分”，后接介词of表示范围相当于
most
of
young
ladies'
figures。所以排除答案B
句中先行词ladies在非限定性定语从句中作figures的定语，排除A和D
变式训练
考向一
部分+
of
+
which
(整体)
结构
变式训练
3-1．I
was
given
three
books
on
cooking,
the
first
_____
I
really
enjoyed.
A. of that
B. of which
C. that
D. which
句意：我得到了三本烹调方面的书，其中第一本是我真正喜欢的。
B
先行词是books，空格处
first
后面修饰的是先行词，是从句中enjoyed的宾语
从句中作宾语可用that，也可用which，但是主句说的是三本书，从句the
first告诉我们是喜欢三本中书的第一本（the
first
of
the
books），of
which表示整体与部分的关系，其结构是：“部分+
of
+
which
(整体)”。所以排除答案A、C、D
变式训练
考向二
none
of whom与
neither of
them
变式训练
3-2.
Last
week,
only
two
people
came
to
look
at
the
house,
_____
wanted to buy it.
A.
none of them
B.
both of them
C.
none of whom
D.
neither of whom
句意：上个星期，仅有两个人来看房子，这两个人也都不想买。
D
none指代三个以上
非限制性定语从句，先行词
two people
在从句中做主语。答案
A和B中
them不能引导定语从句，排除
neither指代两个
典例精讲
知识点四
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
典例4：Due
to
the
rising
rents,
the
new
graduate
has
decided
to
leave
Beijing
for
his
hometown,
________
have
many
other
classmates.
A. so B. as
C. which
D. nor
B
句意：由于租金上涨，这位新毕业的大学生决定离开北京回家乡，
正像许多其他同学做的那样。
as和which均可以引导非限制性定语从句
在本句中，as表示“正如，就像”
非限制性定语从句，所以排除答案A和D
变式训练
考向一
the
same…as固定搭配
变式训练
4-1.
I
want
to
use
the
same
tools________
used
in
your
factory
a
few
days
ago.
A. as
was
B. which
were C. as
were D. which
句意：我想用几天前在你们工厂使用的那些工具。
C
as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语，当as做主语时，
谓语常用系动词。根据
tools
系动词选择were
as引导定语从句时，通常构成
such…as或者
the
same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句
变式训练
考向二
as
正像......那样
变式训练
4-2.
_______
has
already
been
pointed
out,
grammar
is
not
a
set
of
dead
rules.
A. It
B. Which
C. As
D. What
句意：正像已经有人指出的那样，语法并不是一套死规则。
正像......那样
As
has
already
been
pointed
out
相当于as
is
known
to
all
C
典例精讲
知识点五
非限制性定语从句
典例5：Mary,
_________brother
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
A. whom B. that C. whose D. her
C
句意：玛丽已经去加拿大工作了。上大学时，我和她的兄弟共住一室。
whose表示所属关系，意为……的，做从句中定语
whom从句中做宾语
that从句中做主、宾语
不能引导从句
先行词
Mary
在非限定性定语从句中作名词brother
的定语
变式训练
考向一
which引导非限制性定语从句
变式训练
5-1．You
can
find
whatever
you
need
at
the
shopping
center，_____
is
always
busy
at
the
weekend.
A. that
B. where C. what
D. which
句意：无论你有多么勇气面对挑战。
D
不能引导非限
制性定语从句
从句中做地点状语
空白处缺少的是主语
非限制性定语从句，先行词是shopping center在从句中做主语，where在从句中做地点状语，空白处缺少的是主语
引导名词性从句
不能引导定语从句
从句中指代shopping
center，做主语
变式训练
考向二
where引导非限制性定语从句
变式训练5-2.
We
climbed
up
to
the
top
of
a
hill,
_____ we
got
a
good
view
of
the
whole
forest
park.
A.
which
B.
where
C.
when
D.
that
句意：我们爬上了山顶，在那里我们可以看到整个森林公园的美景。
B
引导先行词表示地点的关
系词在从句中做地点状语
关系代词，也可在其前
加相应介词替代关系副词
如：on/at
which
引导先行词表示时间的关
系词，在从句中做时间状语
关系代词
非限制性定语从句，句中的
the
top
of
a
hill是先行词，指地点，后面的非限制性定语从句中主语、谓语、宾语完整，缺少一个地点状语
2019天津卷
3
1.
A
study
shows
the
students
who
are
engaged
in
after-school
activities
are happier than ___________ who are not.
A. ones
B. those
C. these
D. them
B
句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生快乐多。
挑战真题
是定语从句who are not的先行词，替代前面的the
students
定语从句
those作为定语从句who are not的先行词替代前文出现的定语从句who
are
engaged
in
after-school
activities的先行词the
students
2019
天津卷
11
2.
Their
child
is
at
the
stage
___________
she
can
say
individual
words
but not full sentences.
A. why
B. where
C. which
D. what
B
句意：他们的孩子现在处于能说单词的阶段，但还不能说出完整的句子。
。
挑战真题
引导先行词表示
原因的定语从句
引导先行词表示阶段
/地点的定语从句,
从句中作地点状语
必须在which前加介词in
既：where
=
in
which
先行词stage表示阶段at
the
stage在这个阶段。在从句中作地点状语
引导名词性从句
定语从句
2018
江苏卷
23
3.
Self-driving
is
an
area
________
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world
are
on
the
same
starting
line.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
C
句意：自动驾驶是中国和世界其他国家站在同一条起跑线上的一个领域。
挑战真题
为关系代词在从
句中做主语、宾语
表示地点的关系
副词用where引导
其前面加介词也可替代
既：where
=
in
which
引导先行词在从句中
表示时间的关系副词
定语从句
area
是空格处的先行词，从句中结构完整，缺少地点状语
2019
江苏卷
21
4.We
have
entered
into
an
age
_______
dreams
have
the
best
chanceof
coming
true.
D.which
A.what
C.when
D.that
C
句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。
挑战真题
前面需要加上during
既：during
which
不能引导定语从句
做关系副词引导先行词
表示时间的定语从句
做关系代词引导定语从句
在从句中做主语、宾语
先行词age所表示的是时间，需要选择一个能表示时间的关系词来引导定语从句
定语从句
2018
天津卷
2
5.
Kate,
_________sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
A.
whom
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
her
D
句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们上大学时，
我和她的姐姐同住一个房间。
挑战真题
在从句中作宾语，而该句的
关系词要在从句中作定语
在从句中可以做主语、宾语
在从句中作定语
表示所属关系(......的)
从该句子结构明显看出是非限制性定语从句；主句是：Kate
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
方框内是定语从句
定语从句
不能引导定语从句
1.
Children
who
are
not
active
or
_____
diet
is
high
in
fat
will
gain
weight
quickly.
A. what
B. which
C. whose
D. that
句意：不爱活动或日常饮食含高脂肪的孩子会很快长胖。
C
巩固训练
不能引导定语从句
方框内的定语从句修饰先行词
Children
做关系代词引导定语从句
在从句中做主、宾、表语
在从句中作定语
表示所属关系(......的)
做关系代词引导定语从句
在从句中做主、宾语
2.
Newly
released
data
point
to
an
increase
in
cell-phone
use
among
children
_______
some
worry
is
changing
the
very
nature
of
childhood.
A. why
B. which
C. who
D. where
句意：最新公布的数据显示儿童手机的使用在增加，
一些人担心这将会改变儿童的天性。
B
巩固训练
指代
“an
increase
in
cell-phone
use
among
children”
空格处引导从句指代方框部分，的在从句做主语，some
worry是插入语
3.
Wu
Lei
is
the
only
Chinese
player
______ has
made
it
onto
the
latest
World
Soccer
500
list.
A. who
B. which
C. whose
D. whom
句意：吴磊是唯一的一位登上世界足球500强榜单的中国选手。
A
巩固训练
先行词
player，在从句中做主语，因从句中缺少主语成份，选择能做主语、并指代人的关系词
指人用关系代who，在从句中作主语
4.
Facebook
is
a
very
famous
social
networking
website
founded
in
2004
____
millions
of
people
interact
with
one
another.
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. where
句意：成立于2004年的Facebook是一个非常著名的社交网站，数以百万计的人在此网站上相互交流。
D
巩固训练
先行词
website由过去分词短语修饰，在从句中作地点状语
先行词表示时间
先行词表示地点，在从句中做地点状语
关系代词，在从句
中作主语、宾语或表语
5.
—Haven't
you
realized
the
use
________
the
used
paper
—Yes,
already.
A. we
make
of
B. which
we
make
C. for
our
making
D. for
us
to
make
句意：—
你还没有意识到我们对旧纸的使用吗？—
不，已经意识到了。
A
巩固训练
make
use
of
是固定短语，“利用......”
此处the
use
是先行词
6.
We
all
like
James
because
he
is
a
man
______
everybody
thinks
is
pleasant
______.
A. who;
to
be
got
along
with
B. whom,
to
get
along
with
C. who;
to
get
along
with
D. whom;
to
be
got
along
with
句意：我们都喜欢詹姆斯，因为他是一个每个人都认为很好相处的人。
C
巩固训练
从句中作主语用who引导；get
along
with的逻辑主语是everybody，二者是主动关系。答案
A也是
who，但与逻辑主语是被动的关系
man是先行词，“everybody
thinks”是插入语，定语从句缺少主语。所以排除答案B和D
7.
Have
you
ever
been
in
a
situation
_____
you
know
the
other
person
is
right
yet
you
cannot
agree
with
him
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. as
句意：你是否曾经处于一种你知道另一个人是对的，但你却不能同意他的看法的境况？
A
巩固训练
引导先行词表示地点的关系副词
从句中做地点状语
句中的先行词situation在从句中做地点状语
8.
Because
of
the
financial
crisis,
days
are
gone
_____
local
5-star
hotels
charged
6,000
yuan
for
one
night.
A. when
B. if
C. which
D. since
句意：由于经济危机，在当地五星级酒店住一个晚上就要6,000元的日子一去不复返了。
A
巩固训练
先行词是days，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语；先行词与定语从句被谓语
are
gone
隔开了（蓝色字体部分是定语从句）
先行词表示时间；关系词
用表时间的关系词，在定
语从句中作时间状语
定语从句展开是
“Local
5－star
hotels
charged
6,000
yuan
for
one
night
during
the
days”
when
=
during
which
9.
Last
week
I
picked
up
a
beautiful
vase
in
the
market,
____
the
price
was
very
reasonable.
A. which
B. whose
C. of
which
D. where
句意：上周，我在市场买了一个漂亮的花瓶，它的价格很合理。
C
巩固训练
其前缺少介词
从句中作定语，排除
在定语从句中做介词of的宾语，
the
price
of
the
vase
=
of
which
the
price
从句中作地点状语，排除
vase做先行词指物，在定语从句中做介词of的宾语
10.
The
stadium
_____
stands
a
theatre
will
be
reconstructed.
A. beside
which
B. for
which
C. when
D. which
句意：这个体育馆将被重建，它的旁边矗立着一个剧院。
A
巩固训练
beside
+关系代词
（介词+关系代词结构）
先行词表示原因时用for
when表示时间，做从句中的
which做从句中的主、宾、表语
定语从句，修饰the
stadium，the
stadium
在从句中做介词
beside的宾语
感谢欣赏
