2020中考英语导学案:阅读理解讲与练及答案

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名称 2020中考英语导学案:阅读理解讲与练及答案
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2020中考英语导学案:阅读理解讲与练及答案

一、【试一试】
(2019中考科普环保类选练)
The World’s Water Shortage
??? The world is not only hungry, but it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 70 percent(百分比)of the earth’s surface is covered with water. But about 97 percent of this huge amount is sea water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3 percent-the fresh water from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources(资源). And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers(冰川). Even worse, some of it has been polluted.
??? However, as things stand today, this small amount of fresh water is still enough for us. But our need for water is increasing(增加)rapidly-almost day by day. Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid(避免)a severe(严重的)worldwide water shortage later on.
??? We all have to learn how to stop wasting our valuable water. One of the first steps is to develop ways of reusing it.
??? Today in most large cities, water is used only once and then sent out into a sewer system(下水道). From there it returns to the sea or runs into underground storage tanks. But it is possible to pipe used water to a purifying(净化)plant. There it can be treated with chemicals so that it can be used again, just as if it were fresh from a spring.
??? But even if every large city purified and reused its water, we still would not have enough. All we’d have to do to make use of the vast reserves(贮备)of sea water in the world is to remove the salt.
??? If we take these steps we’ll be in no danger of drying up.
? 1. The world is thirsty for water because we can only use _________ percent of the water covering the surface of the earth.
??? A. 3??????????? B. more than 3??????? C. less than 3??? ??? D. 97
? 2. Which of the following statements is Not true?
??? A. As things remain unchanging, this small amount of fresh water is still enough for us.
??? B. Our need for water is becoming larger and larger.
??? C. There will be no water shortage in the future.
??? D. We should take steps to deal with the water shortage problem.
? 3. To reuse water, we should __________.
??? A. treat it with chemicals
??? B. use it only once
??? C. send it out into a sewer system
??? D. make it flow into underground tanks
? 4. In order to have enough water, we should also make use of _________.
??? A. icebergs and glaciers
??? B. sea water
??? C. rivers and lake
??? D. underground water
? 5. In the passage, the writer tells us ________.
??? A. to make enough water
??? B. to pay more attention to the water shortage problem
??? C. to pipe used water to a purifying plant
D. to reuse the water
参考答案CCABB

二、【考纲要求】
1、能够根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词意思。
2、能够理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。
3、更够找出文章的主题,理解故事的情节,预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局。
4、能够读懂相应水平的常见体裁的读物。
5、能够根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。
三、【试一试】
A Giant Cycling Holiday Are you between 12 and 20 years old? Are you looking for the perfect holiday? Would you like fun,new friends and a new experience by bike? We have the answer! And all you need is a bike! Join a Giant Cycling Holiday!
  You will join a group of ten members and two leaders.The cycling lasts from July 1st to July 15th.You'll see mountains,clear rivers,pretty country villages and lakes.You'll cycle about 5 hours every day.Don't worry because you don't need to cycle up any mountains and you can go quite slowly if you want.On the days when you don't cycle,you can do some different sports,like swimming,playing basketball and running.You will move to a different hotel every night. At the end of your holiday,you'll find you are fitter,more active and have more friends! It is really a perfect holiday. Welcome and book your place now! Phone 005-6867-4758 or visit our website: www.Giantcycling.cn.
(  )1. You need ______ if you want to join the Giant Cycling Holiday.
A.a bike B.a guide book
C.a leader D. a basketball
(  )2. There will be ______ people in a group.
A.ten B.twelve
C.fourteen D. twenty
(  )3. People will cycle about ______ every day.
A.two hours B.three hours
C.five hours D. six hours
(  )4. You can see many places EXCEPT ______ during the cycling holiday.
A.mountains B.clear rivers
C.beautiful seas D. pretty country villages
(  )5. According to the advertisement, we know that ______.
A. all the young people can cycle B.the cycling lasts about one week
C.the people need to cycle up some mountains D.they will stay in the hotel at night
参考答案1~5 A B C C D 

四、【教师点拨】
广东省中考的阅读理解的文章共三篇,A篇为应用文,B篇为说明文,C篇为配对阅读。阅读量在1,000个单词左右;B篇短文选材广泛,包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等。
阅读理解部分考试题型大致可分为以下几个类型:细节题、主旨题、词义题、推断题以及观点态度题等。其中,细节题、主旨题、词义题是一定有的。
1.细节题
细节题主要测试学生识别阅读材料中的具体事实和细节的能力。考生必须特别注意这几个问题:who, what, where, when, how等,在有关此类问题的地方作一个标记,以便在回答问题时迅速查找。
2.主旨题
主旨题主要测试学生对文章中心思想、主旨大意的理解能力。在初中阶段,有关这类题的常见提问方式为:What is the main idea of this passage?或What is the best title of this passage? 在处理这类问题时,通常采用快读方法,先从头到尾把文章浏览一遍,特别要注意仔细阅读开头段和结尾段,因为大多数文章的中心思想都出现在这两段里。
3.词义题
词义题主要是在具体文章中,根据上下文推断某个词或某个短语的意义。解答这类试题,可从以下几个方面入手:
(1)通过因果关系猜词
首先找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore等)表示前因后果。例如:You shouldn't have blamed him for that, for it wasn't his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。
(2)通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词,第一可以看由and或or连接的同义词词组,如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;第二可以看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词,如Man has known something about the planets Venus, Mars, and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词,但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。
通过反义词猜词,可以看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but, while, however等;还可以看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语,如:He is so homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all…handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思,即“不英俊”“不漂亮”的意思。
(3)通过构词法猜词
通过掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识,来推断单词的意义。如appear是“出现”的意思,那么disappear 则是“消失”的意思。
(4)通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如:But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there is a dry period, or drought.
从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的时期,即drought,由此可见drought的意思为“久旱”“旱灾”。而a dry period和drought是同义词。这种同义或释义关系常由is, or, that is, in other words, be called或破折号等来表示。
(5)通过句法功能来推测词义
例如:Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples, coconuts和bananas, oranges是同类关系,同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是菠萝和椰子。
(6)通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物做出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类,后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
4.推断题
推断题主要考查学生透过文章的表面文字信息,进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。
5.观点态度题
观点态度题主要考查学生通过掌握主题思想和具体事实,对作者的观点和态度做出合理推断的能力。
总之,做阅读理解可以遵循从下至上的原则来做题:先看问题,弄清考点。在阅读短文之前,快速浏览问题,以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数,快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时可先做细节题再做推断题,因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案,而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解,再作判断。

五、跟踪练习
(一)
(2019中考科普环保类选练)
Today there are 6 billion people on the earth. By the year 2050 there may be 12.5 billion. This means we need more food.
One way to produce more food is by growing stronger plants. For thousands of years, farmers have made plants better. Every season, they pick the best plants for the next season. It works very slowly. Since 1983, scientists have been able to change plants more quickly by changing their genetic material (遗传物质). Foods from plants grown in this way are called genetically modified foods (转基因食品), or GM foods.
By changing the genetic material of a plant, it is possible to make new plants. They make plants which are strong against plant diseases. They can also help in our diseases: a kind of rice is being prepared (准备), for example, which stops people from becoming blind.
Rich countries produce GM food because they are easy to grow and bring in more money. Poor countries are interested in them because they help produce more food.
GM plants are not natural. No one knows how good or bad they are. Making GM foods is only one way of feeding people in 2050. There are strong feelings against them, because they are unnatural. They may feed people, then hurt them or their children later. But, both rich and poor countries are very interested in their use, and they are not going to go away. In 2050 we may think differently about them.
1.GM foods are made by ? ?.????????????????????????????????????????????
?????? A.farmers??? B.workers??? C.scientists? D.plants
2.What are the good things about GM foods ???? ????????????????????????????????
?????? A.They make plants strong against diseases.
?????? B.They are unnatural.
?????? C.They can help in human diseases.
?????? D.Both A and C.
3.GM foods ? ? ? .?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????? A.are a quick way to produce food??? B.grow in the wild
?????? C.are safe?????????? D.are grown only in rich countries
4.Why do some people not like GM foods ???????????????????????? ??????????????
?????? A.They are not useful. B.They are not helpful.
?????? C.They are not natural.?????? D.They are not cheap.
5.From the reading we know that ?.?????????????????????????????????????
?????? A.GM foods will disappear one day in the future
?????? B.GM foods will not disappear in the future
?????? C.people will not be interested in GM food
?????? D.people will have to stop using GM food
参考答案CDACB

(二)
(2019中考选练)
If you want to become a fluent(流利的)English speaker you should take some advice: There are four skills in learning English. They are reading, listening, speaking, and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills you should first master the skills of reading and listening.
??? Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentence, the meanings of the unfamiliar words, etc. There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammars or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you come across, but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it_
??? As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes. You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening. Since you have lots of inputs in your mind, you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say. This never means that you should not practice listening.
??? For listening you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children.? Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes.
??? If you follow these pieces of advice, your speaking and writing will improve automatically, and you can be sure that with a little effort they will become perfect.
1. According to the author, which should you improve first among the four skills?
??? A. Reading and writing.??? ??????????????? B. Reading and listening.
??? C. Writing and speaking.??? ???????????????????? D. Speaking and listening.
2. The underlined phrase "come across" in Paragraph 2 can probably be replaced by "_______".
??? A. meet by accident??? ??????????????????????????? B. discover
??? C. find on purpose??? ?????????????????????? D. look for
3. The author seems to agree with the view that_______.
??? A. everyone should listen to VOA or BBC programs every day
??? B. you needn't practice listening if you keep on reading every day
??? C. being good at reading is helpful in improving your listening
??? D. you should take notes of whatever you are hearing
4. The passage is mainly about how to_______.
??? A. choose suitable listening materials
??? B. deal with new words in reading
?? ?C. read as many English books as possible
??? D. become fluent in speaking and writing English
参考答案BACD?

(三)
The scientists from the Lockheed Space Company work in Felton, California, with the help of a computer. But the computer is placed in Sunnyside, about 80 kilometers away. What the scientists input is sent by telephone lines to the computer, and after a time, copies of the designs?(设计)are needed back in Felton as quickly as possible. Lockheed people tried several ways of sending the prints(印刷品), but the most effective seems to be by pigeon(鸽子).Are pigeons really used to carry messages in these days? They are ,and they send the prints faster and cheaper than any other way.
??? Human messengers (persons carrying messages) are much more expensive and slower than the pigeons. The road to Felton goes through the mountains, and the driving is not easy. An electronic printout system(电子印刷系统)could do the work in Felton, but at a cost of 10 dollars a print. Pigeons carry the designs for about 1 dollar each.
??? Now Lockheed people have ten pigeon messengers.The pigeons do the work, and they have made Lockheed more famous. You can often read the news about the pigeons in the newspapers around the world.
? 1. The story is mainly about????????.
??? A. Felton ,California?????????????? B. the scientists
??? C. how to work with computers?????? D. sending prints by pigeon
? 2. This story is unusual because pigeons????????.
A. don’t like carrying things[来源:学&科&网]
B. are often expensive to keep
C. seem out of place in the space age
D. aren’t friendly to the scientists
? 3. Something that’s effective(有效的)????????.
?? ?A. usually costs more?? B. is something that works
? ??C. is often unhappy???? D. is often done by animals
? 4.? Which happened first?
A. Pigeons were used as messengers.
B. Human messengers were used.
??? C. What the scientists input was sent to the computer.
??? D. Scientists got their designs.
? 5. Lockheed likes the pigeons because they????????.
??? A. do the work at low cost? B. get their pictures on television
??? C. understand the computer? D. make the scientists pleased
【参考答案】1D 2C 3B 4B 5A

(四)
(民族风情及节日文化)
Where can you learn about the cultural relics(文物) of our country? You may visit museums or read books,but now a CCTV show may give you a more fun way to learn about them.
The show is called National Treasure. It has 10 episodes(集). It shows 27 treasures from 9 museums across China. In order to make ancient culture relics come alive,the show uses different ways to explain the story,history and culture behind them.
Although it's a show about old relics,it looks modern and technical(技术的). An IMAX?sized LED screen on the stage shows the treasures in detail.
The treasures are presented(呈现) by national treasure keepers(守护者),both famous people and common people. Instead of just telling the stories and history behind the treasures,the show invites famous actors to be national treasures keepers. And they act out the stories on the stage. The actors even use the funny words to make their performances interesting and alive. For example,on the show,actor Wang Kai plays Emperor Qianlong. TV viewers love his performances.
While telling the stories behind the treasures,national treasure keepers also tell their own stories. For example,an old man named Qiu Qingnian is good at making natural paints for repairing ancient paintings. For many years,he has been looking for mines(矿) deep inside mountains. On the TV program,he shows TV viewers how to make natural paints.
The show has become widely popular with its interesting plots(情节),good performances and funny words. It has promoted(推广) ancient cultural relics and has encouraged more people to visit museums.
( )1. The show National Treasure is produced to ________.
A. look for national treasure keepers
B. make ancient cultural relics come alive
C. show the modern technology
D. invite some famous actors to act out
( )2. From the passage,we can learn something about the show National Treasure except ________.
A. actors' good performances
B. the stories with interesting plots
C. Qiu Qingnian's mines
D. the history and culture behind
( )3. What column(专栏) in a magazine might the passage come from?
A. Health.
B. History and culture.
C. Sports.
D. Science and technology.
( )4. The writer's main purpose of writing the passage is ________.
A. to tell us what national treasure keepers do
B. to explain why National Treasure is popular
C. to teach us the ways of making natural paints
D. to introduce the TV show National Treasure
【参考答案】BCBD