Unit 2 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．He got up a strange __affection__ (感情)for the little girl.
2．Looking at a beautiful painting always gives one __satisfaction__ (满足)．
3．Their business has failed and is in the hands of the __receiver__ (接收人)．
4．This room has an __elegant__ (优雅的)atmosphere with these furniture.
5． How __grand__ (雄伟的)the mountains look in the early evening!
6．A teacher should not __favour__ (偏爱)any of his pupils.
7． __State__ (说出)your name and address.
8．He put __aside__ (在一边)his book and began to listen to me.
9．They __envy__ (羡慕)him his good fortune.
10．Kodak will ship a new __digital__ (数码的)camera DC215.
Ⅱ．用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Sheep __are kept__ (keep)by farmers to produce wool and mutton.
2．They were told that the result __would be announced__ (announce)the next week.
3．The first railway in the world __was designed__ (design)in the last century.
4．Five units of this textbook __had been studied__ (study)by the end of last term.
5．Cleaners in big cities usually get __paid__ (pay)by the hour.
6．Books of this kind __sell__ (sell)well.
7．Look! A nice picture __is being drawn__ (draw)by our teacher.
8．—What do you think of the book?
—Oh, excellent.It’s worth __reading__ (read)a second time.
9．The flowers were so lovely that they __were sold__ (sell)out in no time.
10．A new cinema __is being built__ (build)here.They hope to finish it next month.
Ⅲ．按要求改写句子
1．You need to do the homework with care.(改为被动语态)
__The homework needs to be done with care.__
2．In the late 1970s students revived the tradition of carnival.(改为被动语态)
__The tradition of carnival was revived by students in the late 1970s.__
3．Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.(改为主动语态)
__You must pay attention to your pronunciation.__
4．Today millions of people enjoy carnival.(改为被动语态)
__Carnival is enjoyed by millions of people today.__
5．He said that the trees would be planted by them soon.(改为主动语态)
__He said that they would plant the trees soon.__
6．He said that the work had been finished.(改为主动语态)
__He said that he had finished the work.__
7．They were making the new tool at that time.(改为被动语态)
__The new tool was being made at that time.__
8．They ought to take good care of the children in the nursery.(改为被动语态)
__The children ought to be taken good care of in the nursery.__
Unit 2 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ．完形填空
A
Kyle Schwartz, a third grade teacher from Denver, Colorado, unlocked the secret stories of her students’lives. 92% of the pupils at Doull Elementary School rely on a subsidized(补助的)lunch program, just one sign of the hardships they face.But Schwartz discovered that no money for lunch was the least of these children’s problems: many struggled with the lack of a parent at home, bullying (欺凌)，and stress about their marks.
Schwartz asked her students to answer the question, “What do you wish your teacher knew？” and to submit their notes anonymously.What they wrote will surprise you.
While some children used the notes to jokingly complain about homework or to ask for more playtime, Ms Schwartz said some of the answers were “heartbreaking”， as children showed their hard lives.One student told Ms Schwartz that he did not have pencils at home to do his homework, and another said that they hadn’t seen their father for six years.There was also a student who wrote，“I wish my teacher knew sometimes my homework is not signed because my mom is not around a lot.”
She shared some of them via Twitter using the hashtag I Wish My Teacher Knew.She received an immediate response and other teachers and schools started using the hashtag to share their own teaching experiences.As a result, the tag trended nationally in the United States.
The story was picked up by national newspapers and even international sources such as The Sydney Morning Herald.Doull Elementary received numerous donations of school supplies for its students due to answers such as “I Wish My Teacher Knew I don’t have pencils to do my homework.” The story was featured nationally on ABC World News Tonight，which reported that Schwartz had started a “movement” with teachers across the country copying her assignment to learn more about their own students.
文章大意：Kyle Schwartz让学生写下我希望老师知道的事情，学生写的东西令我们吃惊。Schwartz把学生写的发到推特上，引起了美国很多人的关注。
1．What can we know from Paragraph 1？ __A__.
A．Most students at Doull Elementary School live a hard life.
B．Most students at Doull Elementary School study hard.
C．Kyle Schwartz is curious about others’ privacy.
D．Kyle Schwartz struggles on a daily basis.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，92%的孩子过着艰苦的生活。故选A。
2．We can infer from the passage __C__.
A．some students thought Kyle Schwartz was strict
B．most children live with their parents
C．the children handed in their notes without their names on them
D．some children are to drop out because of poverty
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“submit their notes anonymously”可知，孩子交他们的纸条时是匿名交的。故选C。
3．How did other teachers react to Kyle’s idea？ __D__.
A．Worried. B．Indifferent.
C．Doubted. D．Positive.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“other teachers and schools started using the hashtag to share their own teaching experiences”可知，其他老师支持她的做法。故选D。
4．What influence did the story have？ __A__.
A．Not only Americans but also people from other countries are concerned about it.
B．People around the world have donated money for the school.
C．The school has become the best one in the country.
D．Some students have been interviewed by some famous hosts.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，不仅国内媒体而且国际媒体都在关注这个故事，并且学校收到了很多给孩子的捐赠品。故选A。
B
Ricky lived in a beautiful house.Though he didn’t help much around the house, he was still pleased when his parents bought him a robot.Since the robot arrived，cooking, cleaning and gathering up old clothes from Ricky’s bedroom floor were all done by it.On the first day, Ricky had left his bedroom in a truly disastrous state before he went to sleep.When he woke up the next morning, everything was perfectly clean and tidy.
In fact, it was too clean; Ricky could not find his favorite T-shirt, nor his favorite toy.The same was starting to happen to other things.Ricky stared at the robot and decided to spy on(暗中监视)it.He followed it around the house.Finally he caught it redhanded(现场抓获)— the robot was picking up one of his toys to hide it.
Ricky ran to his parents and said that the robot was badly programmed.Hearing the boy’s complaints, the robot returned some toys and clothes to him.
“Here, Sir.I didn’t know I was bothering you，” said the robot，with its metallic(尖厉刺耳的)voice.
“You have been stealing my things for weeks！” the boy answered angrily.
“They were left on the floor.I thought you didn’t like them.I am programmed to collect all that are not wanted and send them to those who need them.I am a maximum efficiency machine.Do you see？” the robot explained with pride.
Ricky started feeling ashamed of having treated those things as though they were useless.It was true that many other people would be delighted to treat those things with all the care in the world.He understood that the robot was not badly programmed and that, or rather，it had been programmed extremely well! Since then, Ricky decided to become a maximum efficiency boy.
文章大意：这是一篇记叙文，讲述了机器人清理Ricky房间一事，这使Ricky意识到了自己的错误，他决心向机器人学习，做一个高效的人。
5．Before the robot arrived, Ricky __A__
A．did little housework B．had to cook by himself
C．had no one to talk with D．always kept his bedroom clean
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Though he didn’t help much around the house”可知，在机器人到来之前，Ricky几乎不做家务。
6．What happened to the robot？ __C__
A．It was destroyed by Ricky.
B．It was not well programmed.
C．It was misunderstood by Ricky.
D．It broke many Ricky’s toys.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“decided to spy on(暗中监视)it...he caught red-handed(现场抓获)”，第三段中的“Ricky ran to his parents and said that the robot was badly programmed”，第五段中的“Youhave been stealing my things for weeks”以及最后一段中的“He understood that...extremely well”可推知，Ricky对机器人产生了误解。
7．What influence did the robot have on Ricky？ __B__
A．Ricky would help those who need help.
B．Ricky would do everything well and efficiently.
C．Ricky would do as much housework as he could.
D．Ricky would design more robots like this one.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“I am a maximum efficiency machine”以及文章最后一段中的“Since then，Ricky decided to become a maximum efficiency boy”可推断出，在机器人的影响下，Ricky决心高效地做事情。
8．Which of the following can describe the changes of Ricky’s feelings？ __A__
A．pleased-doubtful-angry-ashamed
B．angry-happy-ashamed-surprised
C．pleased-angry-doubtful-ashamed
D．surprised-happy-ashamed-angry
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“he was still pleased”，第二段中的“decided to spy on(暗中监视)it”，倒数第三段中的“the boy answered angrily”以及最后一段中的“feeling ashamed”可知答案。
Ⅱ．七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ways to Save Time
(2019·江西赣州中南五校适应性考试)
We all wish we had just a bit more time.Just think what you could do with an extra hour or two each day: you could finally stick to an exercise routine, or spring-clean the house, or write your novel, or learn the guitar and so on.
__1.F__ But I can help you find more hours in your day for the things that really matter.
Get Out of Bed Earlier
If you normally get up at 7: 30 am, try getting up at 7：00 a．m.That half-hour might not sound like much, but it could be time that you use to exercise, to read that book you’ve been meaning to finish. __2.G__.
Do the Important Tasks First
Once you get to work, get the important ones done first (not the easy ones, or even the urgent ones)．You can afford to spend at least an hour working on big, important tasks rather than on all those little urgent ones.
__3.D__ The urgent tasks will still get done, and you won’t miss the important ones.
Reduce Interruptions
If colleagues have a habit of hanging around your desk to chat, or if the phone is constantly ringing，you might find that it takes you half the day to finish a simple task like writing a letter.Constant interruptions don’t just eat up time, they also break your concentration.
When you’ve got a big task to focus on, let your calls go to voice mail. __4.C__ Wearing headphones makes it less likely that people will try to strike up a conversation.
__5.A__
A few minutes chatting, browsing the web, and so on, can easily turn into hours of wasted time over the course of a day.
When you’re working, if your concentration is slipping, take a proper break: go and get a glass of water, or stretch your legs a bit.And if you’re facing a difficult task, try breaking it into small steps or stages so that it’s easier to deal with.
A．Stay Focused on Your Work
B．Take Breaks When Necessary
C．If you have an office door, close it.
D．If you work like this, you’ll usually save time.
E．Would you want me to make your day longer?
F．I can’t magically make all your days 25 hours long.
G．Or simply to get your day off to a calm and organized start.
文章大意：本文讲述的是如何节约时间，比如早起，首先做重要的事情，减少中断和专心工作等。
解析：
1．考查上下文衔接。根据后文“But I can help you find more hours in your day for the things that really matter.”(但是我能帮你找到更多的时间做那些重要的事情)可知这里是：我不能魔术般地让你一天变成25个小时，前后句之间为转折关系。故选F。
2．考查语篇逻辑。根据前文“to exercise, to read that book...”(去锻炼，去阅读)可知，或者沉着有组织地开始你的一天。故选G。
3．考查语篇逻辑。本段的主旨是“Do the Important Tasks First”(首先要做重要的事情)及文中的“The urgent tasks will still get done, and you won’t miss the important ones.”(急事会得到解决，你也不会错过重要的事情)。可知如果你这样做的话，就会节约时间。故选D。
4．考查上下文衔接。根据下句“ Wearing headphones makes it less likely that people will try to strike up a conversation.”(带上耳麦人们就不可能会搭讪)可知如果你的办公室有门，请关上它。故选C。
5．考查主旨概括。根据本段“When you’re working, if your concentration is slipping, take a proper break”(当你工作的时候，如果你走神了，就适当休息一会)可知“集中你的注意力在工作上”作标题最合适。故选A。
Ⅲ．语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2019·全国Ⅲ)
On our way to the house，it was raining __ 1.so__ hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take __ 2.to get__ (get) there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack __ 3.of__ dogs，seven to be exact.They were well trained by their masters __ 4.who__ had great experience with caring for these animals.Our hosts shared many of their experiences and __ 5.recommended__ (recommend) wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting __ 6.competition__ (compete) to watch，together with the story behind it.They also shared with us many __ 7.traditional__ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were __ 8.hugely__ (huge) popular with tourists.On the last day of our week-long stay，we __ 9.were invited__ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， __ 10.listening__ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
文章大章：主题：人与自我(生活)；话题：旅行经历。本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的一次旅行经历。
1．解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处是so...that...结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，so修饰副词hard。
2．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是it takes some time to do sth.结构，意为“花费多长时间做某事”。
3．解析：考查介词。a pack of是固定搭配，意为“一群……”。
4．解析：考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词their masters，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。
5．解析：考查时态。此处讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
6．解析：考查词性转换(动词变名词)。根据空格前的an interesting可知，此处应填动词compete的名词形式competition。
7．解析：考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional。
8．解析：考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。所填词修饰形容词popular，故应用huge的副词形式hugely。be hugely popular with非常受……欢迎。
9．解析：考查时态和语态。事情发生在过去，且主语we与动词invite之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
10．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词形式与and后面的现在分词meeting并列，主语we与listen之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。
课件55张PPT。Unit 2 RobotsSection Ⅱ Learning about Language自 主 预 习Ⅰ．单词速记
1． _____________ n.喜爱；感情→ __________ v.影响
2． _________ v.陈述；说明→ _________ n.状态
Ⅱ．短语互译
1．将……放到一边 _____________
2．从那时起 ______________
3．除……之外(还)，也；和 ____________ affection affect state state set aside from then on as well as
Ⅲ．语法感悟
1．It’s a great honour _______________ (invite)to attend your wedding party.
2．The next thing ____________ (do)is to clean the classroom.
3．The novel is said ________________________ (translate)into English.
4．I find the problem is very difficult ___________ (solve)．
5．The teacher left us a lot of homework ________ (do)．
to be invited to be done to have been translated to solve to do
6．“Are there any more clothes ______________ (wash)？” asked mum.
7．The little boy should love _____________ (take)to visit the Great Wall.
8．Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the students，but it remains ____________ (see)whether they will enjoy it.
9．The emperor ordered the magic cloth _____________ (weave)for him right away.
10．His father left the small village，never ____________ (see)again.to be washed to be taken to be seen to be woven to be seen 合 作 探 究①He stated his view on the subject.
他陈述了他对该问题的看法。
②The witness stated that she had never seen Mr.Smith.
证人宣称她从未见过史密斯先生。
③There are fears for the state of the country’s economy.
人们对国家的经济状况很担心。重 点 词 汇1．state vt.陈述 n．状况；形态；国家statement n．[C]陈述；声明
A government spokesperson made a statement to the press.
政府发言人向新闻界发表了一份声明。单句语法填空
①All the photographs in this book，unless __________ (state)otherwise，date from the 1950s.
②In this article,you need to back up general ______________ (state)with specific examples.
stated statements
完成句子
③他们的国家是由50个州组成的。
Their country is composed of 50 __________.
④布什总统发表声明，要求伊拉克必须大规模撤军。
President Bush __________ the Iraqis had to begin a large-scale withdrawal.states stated ①We have grown very attached to this house.
我们变得非常喜欢这房子。
②The hospital is attached to that university.
这家医院附属于那所大学。2．attached adj.附属于；依恋，爱慕attach v．把……固定/附(在……上)；认为有重要性，重视
attach...to...把……附/贴/固定在……上
attach importance/value/weight to...认为……重要/有价值/有分量(此处to为介词，后接动词时要用v-ing形式)
①He will attach the label to your luggage.
他会把标签贴在你的行李上。
②Our government attaches much importance to education now，which enables so many people to be well educated.
我们的政府现在非常重视教育，这使许多人能够受到良好的教育。单句语法填空
①The long stick that the tubes were attached ______ helped keep the old- fashioned rocket moving in a straight direction.
②More and more people are beginning to attach importance to __________ (live)a low-carbon life.
③Not until he went abroad for further study did he realize how ____________ (attach)he was to his parents.to living attached ①I have an affection for my children.
我爱我的孩子们。
②I feel great affection for her，but she never shows any affection towards me.
我对她怀着强烈的爱，但她从未对我表示过任何爱意。
③There is no affection between them.
他们之间毫无感情。3．affection n．喜爱；爱；感情affect v．影响
affectionate adj.表示关爱的
set one’s affections on/upon sb.钟爱某人
have an affection for/towards sb.喜欢某人
提示：表示“对……的爱与喜欢”的表达方式还有：
have a taste for爱好……
have an appetite for对……有胃口；喜欢……
have a love for喜爱……
have a tendency for趋向于……
have a preference for偏爱……单句语法填空
①He created a lot of vivid characters in his best-selling novels，thus winning the _____________ (affect)of book-lovers all over the world.
英汉互译
②她难以表现出关爱之情。
_______________________________________
③He obviously has a great affection for Hong Kong and its people.
________________________________________ affection She has difficulty showing affection. 很显然，他非常喜爱香港和那里的人们。 ①She tries to set aside some money every month.
她每个月都尽量存点钱。
②The boss set all the workers’ suggestions aside.
老板对工人们的所有建议都置之不理。重 点 短 语1．set aside将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)；暂时不考虑 set aside留出；匀出；忽视；同义词组为lay up。
set back推迟，延缓，阻碍；把(钟表)指针往回拨
set about(doing)sth.＝set out to do sth.开始做，着手处理
set out出发，开始(to do)
set down放下，搁下；记下，写下
set up建立(事业)，成立(组织)
set off出发；使开始做；使爆炸单句语法填空
①Don’t forget to set _________ enough time for entertainment.
②For all these years I have been working forothers.I’m hoping I’ll set ______ my own business someday.
③I set _______ for a new adventure in the United States on the first day of the new year.
④It is time for you to set out __________ (care)for your parents.
⑤Gathering up the thread of his story，he set about ___________ (write)．aside up off to care writing ①You have given me two hundred and fifty yuan in all.
你一共给了我250元。
②There were in all a hundred persons present.
到场的总共有100人。2．in all一共；总计above all首先；最重要的是(强调地位的重要性)
at all根本(常用于否定句和疑问句)
after all毕竟；终究
first of all首先(强调顺序)
all in all总的来说You shouldn’t have scolded the boy at all.He is a child after all；above all，he made only two mistakes in all.
你本不该责备那个男孩。他毕竟还是个孩子；最重要的是，他总共才出了两个错。单句语法填空
①He’s not to blame. _________ all,it was the first time he’d done it.
②I certainly don’t remember talking to you ______ all.
③To be great,you must be smart，confident,and， _________ all,honest.
④ ______ all,she has eight costume changes.After at above In 句中that引导一个宾语从句；many people told stories about后面有一个how引导的宾语从句。
经 典 句 式1．Historical research shows that in the 22nd century many people told stories about how，at one time，people could buy robots as house decorators.
历史研究表明在22世纪许多人讲到人们曾买机器人作为家庭装修工的情况。在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只具有引导作用，并无具体意义，而且不在句中充当成分，因此在口语或非正式文体中常可省略，省略之后对原句并无影响。如：
She said (that)she couldn’t go with him because she had a lot to do that night.
她说因为那天晚上她有很多事情要做，所以不能和他一起去了。提示：在下列情况下，引导宾语从句的that最好不要省略：
(1)主从句之间有插入语时。如：
It says here，on this card，that it was used in plays.
卡片上写着，它过去是演戏用的。
(2)若出现两个或两个以上的that宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连接词that可以省去，其余需保留。如：
Linda said (that)she would go to meet Tom in person and that she wouldn’t tell anyone about the appointment.
琳达说她会亲自去见汤姆，并且不会告诉任何人这次约会的事情。单句语法填空
①—I believe __________________ you’ve done your best and ________ things will improve.
—Thank you.
②Having checked the doors were closed，and ________ all the lights were off，the boy opened the door to his bedroom.that(或不填) that that 本句是一个主从复合句，含有because引导的原因状语从句；from then on until Christmas在从句中充当状语，shopping，cooking，writing the cards为并列宾语。as well as意为“除……之外(还)，也，和”。2．She planned to write a few every afternoon because from then on until Christmas her time would be organized into shopping，cooking as well as writing the cards.
她计划每天下午都写几张卡片。因为从那时起直到圣诞节，她的时间都安排在了购物、做饭和写卡片上。from then on表示“从那以后”“从那时起”，它是一个固定短语，用作时间状语。如：
①From then on，he never spoke to me.
从那时起，他没有同我说过话。
②From then on，no one killed a seagull.
从那以后，没有人捕杀海鸥了。
from now on表示“从今以后”，也是一个用作时间状语的固定短语。如：
From now on，I will do morning exercises every day.
从今以后，我每天都要做早操。翻译句子
从那时开始，他先在一家汽车厂工作，然后在一家钢厂任工程师，当时那是一家最大的钢厂，后来又到了一家生产电脑的公司任总裁。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ From then on，he first worked in a car factory，then as an engineer in a steel factory，which was the biggest one at that time and later as president of a company producing computers. 单 元 语 法被动语态和动词不定式的被动形式
英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。汉语中常用“被”“给”“由”“受”等词来表示被动，而英语中由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
Ⅰ．各种时态的被动结构
一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时的被动结构是考查重点。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。以do为例：
Everyone’s pay will be increased next year by 5%.
明年每人的工资将增加五个百分点。
It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.
那是我第一次在公众场合挨批。
The work will have been finished by the end of next month.
到下月底前这项工作将会完成。
The house is quite old.It was built in 1950.
这座房子很古老了。它是1950年建造的。① (江苏真题改编)He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he _____________________ (follow)．
解析：考查宾语从句和时态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪；根据句意“在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故填was being followed。
was being followed
②(2019·江苏卷33改编)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals _________________________ (install)by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故填will have been installed。
will have been installed
③(2019·天津卷8改编)Amy,as well as her brothers,_____________ (give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动语态。故填was given。was given Ⅱ．主动语态表被动意义
1．有些动词如read，write，clean，wash，iron，burn，draw，cook，keep，cut，open，blow，peel，sell，act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well，easily，smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。例如：
This pen writes smoothly.
这笔写起来很流畅。
The cloth washes well.
这种布料耐洗。
2．动词need，require，want，be worth后加v.-ing的主动结构表被动意义。
My watch can’t work; it needs repairing.
我的手表不能用了，需要修了。
This film is really worth seeing.
这部电影的确值得看。
Ⅲ．不用被动语态的情形
1．不及物动词(短语)如appear，happen，remain，take place，come about，break out，come true等没有被动语态。
A fire broke out during the night.
夜间发生了火灾。
Ⅳ．动词不定式的被动形式和用法
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般时和完成时。
一般时：to be done表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。
完成时：to have been done表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
He didn’t expect the book to be received so well.
他没想到这本书会受到如此热烈的欢迎。
I’m pleased to have been given this opportunity.
给了我这次机会我很高兴。④(真题改编·北京)There are still many problems ______________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。根据主语problems和solve之间的逻辑关系和从句的内容可知，这些问题还没有得到解决，故应用不定式的被动形式。句意：在准备好长期待在月球上之前我们还有许多问题需要解决。to be solved
Ⅴ．不定式的主动形式表被动意义
1．动词不定式放于名词或代词之后作定语，不定式和名词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，同时又和句中另一名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
Would you bring me a bench to sit on?
你给我拿个凳子来坐好吗？⑤With the world changing fast，we have something new ________ (deal)with all by ourselves every day.
解析：deal with作代词something的后置定语与something构成逻辑上的动宾关系，同时又和句子的主语we构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故使用deal with的主动形式表被动意义。to deal
[点津]
如果动词不定式作后置定语，不定式和所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但其逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，则使用动词不定式的被动形式。
I’ll go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted?
我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗？
(post与主语you之间不存在主动关系，只和前面letter构成逻辑上的动宾关系。)
2．在“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”句型中，形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。这样的形容词很多，常用的有：amusing，cheap，comfortable，dangerous，difficult，easy，fit，hard，important，impossible，interesting，nice，pleasant，funny，heavy，light等。
That question is difficult to answer.
那个问题不容易回答。⑥Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ___________ (break)into small pieces.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆问糖果制造商他们能否把巧克力制作得更易弄碎。该句中的形容词比较级easier为宾语补足语，相当于表语的作用，其后应该使用不定式结构，类似于It is＋adj.＋to do...结构，故填to break。
to break 3．在too...to...结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is too expensive(for me)to buy.
这本书太贵，我买不起。
4．在there be...句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动形式作定语重点在人，用被动形式作定语重点在物。比较：
There is a lot of work to do.(用to do可看成是for us to do)
There is a lot of work to be done.(用to be done“谁”做工作不明确)
5．be to blame常用主动表示被动。
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
谁应为放火受责备？⑦Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy，saying that he was not the one ___________ (blame)．
解析：to blame在句中作the one的定语。to blame为固定用法，用主动形式表达被动意义。句意：格林先生站出来为那个16岁的男孩辩护，他说那个男孩不该受责备。to blame 单句语法填空
1．Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ____________ (borrow)from the library.
2．His first book _________________ (publish)next month is based on a true story.
3．I have a lot of readings ______________ (complete)before the end of this term.
4．There were many talented actors out there just waiting __________________ (discover)．borrowed to be published to complete to be discovered
5．I felt it a great honour _____________ (ask)to speak to you.
6．Look! Your shirt is so dirty.It needs _______________________ (wash)．
7．It remains ____________ (see)whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.
8．Tom refused ___________________ (accompany)by his father to school.
9．My little sister should love _____________ (take)to watch the new movie.
10．Could you please give me something __________(eat)?to be asked washing/to be washed to be seen to be accompanied to be taken to eat
