Unit 3 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ．用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空
1．Articles(物品)used by patients must be disinfected (消毒)before __being used__ by others.(use)
2．—Did you enjoy yourself last night?
—It’s very nice of you.I appreciated __having been invited__ to the party.(invite)
3．Though it sounds a bit too dear(昂贵)，it is worth __buying__.(buy)
4．How about the two of us __taking__ a walk down the garden? (take)
5．Towards evening，the patient opened his mouth as if __to say__ something to his son.(say)
6．I’m examining the article he has just finished __to correct__ the possible mistakes in it.(correct)
7．Having passed all the tests，she felt a great weight __taken__ off her mind.(take)
8．The old farmer， __supporting__ the badly injured and burnt soldier，came out of the burning farmhouse calling continuously for help.(support)
9．He looked around and caught a man __putting__ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.(put)
10．The performance of the host， __intended__ to please the audience and draw their attention，was greeted with a cold silence，however.(intend)
Ⅱ．单句改错
1．He narrowly escaped run over.
__escaped后加being__
2．The girl was annoyed at left alone.
__left前加being__
3．He couldn’t bear being made fun like that.
__fun后加of__
4．I look forward to be invited to his wedding.
__be改为being__
5．The picture is not worth being looked at.
__being looked改为looking__
6．He objects to be treated like that.
__be→being__
7．What made his parents happy was his being admit to a famous university.
__admit→admitted__
8．Have been invited，Mr Li went there to make a speech though he was busy.
__Have→Having__
9．Been misunderstood by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.
__Been→Being__
10．The meeting held now is very important.
__meeting后加being__
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．今天非常热。你想去游泳吗？
It’s quite hot today.Do you feel like __going for a swim__ ?
2．他小时候常常去那里看修自行车。
When he was a boy, he used to go there and watch __bicycles being repaired__.
3．偷了钻石后，小偷必须找地方藏匿。
__Having stolen the diamond__ ，the thief had to look for a place to hide it.
4．看到前门正在被刷漆，他不得不从后门进屋。
__Seeing the front door being painted__ ，he had to enter the room through the back door.
5．读这个故事，你就会知道钱并不能买到一切。
__Read this story__ ,_and you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
Unit 3 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
The growing amount of human noise pollution in the ocean could make fish unable to find a good habitat and cause their death, according to a new research from a UK－ led team working on the Great Barrier Reef, the largest coral reef (珊瑚礁)in the world, off the northeast coast of Australia.
After developing for weeks at sea, baby reef fish rely on natural noises as a clue to find the coral reefs where they can survive and grow stronger.However, with human noise pollution from ships, wind farms and oil mining on the increase, researchers are now concerned that this important behavior is coming under threat.
Dr Simpson, a senior researcher in a British university，said, “When only a few weeks old, baby reef fish face a very difficult task in locating and choosing a suitable habitat.Reef noise gives them quite important information.But if they learn, remember and become attracted towards the wrong sounds, we might be leading them in all the wrong directions.”
Dr Simpson and his team began their environment.Using underwater light traps, Dr Simpson and his team collected baby reef fish and put them into tanks with underwater speakers playing natural reef noise or a mix of man-made sounds.The next night the fish were put into specially-designed choice tanks.Again they played natural or man-made sounds.All the fish liked the reef noise, but only the fish that had experienced the mix of man-made sounds swam towards it, the others swam away when hearing the man-made sounds.
The test result shows that fish can learn a new sound and remember it hours later.And they can tell the difference between sounds and, based on their experience, become attracted to other sounds, which might really affect their behavior on the most important night of their life.The breakdown of natural behavior could have damaging effects on the population of future fish groups.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。经英国科学家的研究发现，海洋中的噪声污染使生活在澳洲的小礁鱼很难找到适合它们的栖息地。
1．Baby reef fish find coral reefs mainly by their sense of __B__
A．sight B．hearing
C．smell D．touch
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段首句中的“...baby reef fish rely on natural noises a clue...”可知，小礁鱼主要靠听觉找到珊瑚礁。
2．What did the British research team feel most concerned about after the noise experiment？ __C__
A．The reason why baby reef fish can find the location of coral reefs.
B．The process of how baby reef fish learn a new sound.
C．The population of fish groups in the future.
D．The eating habits of baby reef fish.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段末句“The breakdown of natural behavior could have damaging effects on the population of future fish groups.”可知，通过噪音实验，科学家最为关心的是未来鱼群的数量问题。
3．We can infer from the passage that baby reef fish __D__.
A．can find their suitable habitat whatever happens
B．can survive in difficult living conditions
C．can get used to noise from humans
D．are easily attracted by sounds
解析：推理判断题。通过第五段第二句中的“And they can...become attracted to other sounds...”可知，小礁鱼的行为方式很容易受到其他声音的影响。故选D。
4．What does the passage mainly talk about？ __D__
A．A new research about noise pollution.
B．A great task faced by a British research team.
C．The way baby reef fish survive and grow stronger.
D．A research about how noise pollution changes fish be havior.
解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲述科学家发现噪声污染会改变小礁鱼的行为方式。故选D。
B
While many people dream of mermaids (美人鱼)，few people actually try to become one.How can someone become a mermaid if they don’t exist? Just ask Dana Richardson，who is a professional mermaid in Hawaii!
“As a child, I always felt very connected to the ocean and played mermaids in the water，” says Dana.“My love of the ocean took me to different types of work such as a lifeguard, swim instructor, boat crew member，underwater photographer, boat captain, and surfer.I just decided to take it to the next level and grow a tail！”
Dana doesn’t mean literally(照字面地)．In 2008 she began making mermaid tails from materials including shiny fabrie(织物)that she wears while free-diving in the waters around Kona, Hawaii.Free-diving means diving without any protective equipment.It requires you to hold your breath while swimming deep underwater.As she dives in，Dana not only looks like a mermaid；she experiences what it is like to swim like one too.
The waters around Dana’s home in Kona are filled with wildlife，including dolphins and whales.Kona is by a sheltered sea where the waters are calm for swimming. For ten years Dana has been swimming with the creatures of Kona.Some of them have even learned to recognize her.
Dana knows how to swim with sea life because she is a trained marine(海洋的)naturalist.She understands the behavior of sea life and knows how to safely interact with it.Every morning when she swims with sea life she gets to experience her other “home”．“The ocean beneath the depths really is another world.Watching how the world works so gracefully in that circle of life underwater is a beautiful thing.”
For Dana Richardson being a mermaid just makes sense.“I’ve always felt more comfortable underwater than on land，”she says.
Would you like to follow your dream, even if it seems impossible? Dana reminds everyone.“One person can truly make a difference.By following your heart and offering the world your unique gifts, you will inspire others to do so.The world needs you！”
5．What has been influencing Dana’s work experience most？ __A__
A．Her hobby. B．Her family.
C．Her science teacher. D．Her swim instructor.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段首句以及“My love of the ocean...”可知是Dana对海洋和美人鱼的喜爱影响了她。
6．Why does Dana make mermaid tails？ __B__
A．She needs them to protect her.
B．She wants to swim like a mermaid.
C．She needs to make money with them.
D．She wants to take photos of mermaids.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段末句“...she experiences whatit is like to swim like one too”可知做出美人鱼尾可以让Dana体验到像美人鱼一样游动的感觉。
7．Being a marine naturalist helps Dana __A__.
A．get along well with sea life
B．discover her outstanding gifts
C．appreciate the beauty of other people
D．feel comfortable both underwater and on land
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的第二句话可推知成为海洋学者帮助Dana更好地了解海洋生物并与它们交流。
8．Dana encourages people to __C__.
A．help those in need B．love marine animals
C．try to realize their dreams D．protect the marine environment
解析：细节理解题。根据末段的“By following your heart...”可知Dana鼓励人们实现自己的梦想。
Ⅱ．七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyone knows that fish is good for health. __1.G__ But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. __2.D__ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
__3.F__ Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. __4.E__ When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. __5.B__ First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料)．Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound(A larger one will take more time.)．Then, it’s ready to serve.
A．Do not buy it.
B．The easiest is to steam it.
C．This is how you can do it.
D．It just requires a little knowledge.
E．The fish will go bad within hours.
F．When buying fish, you should first smell it.
G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
解析：
1．前面一句提到鱼对健康有益，所以此处具体说明鱼的好处。
2．上一句提到买鱼、贮藏鱼和烹饪鱼并不难，承接上句，此处指只是需要一些这方面的知识。
3．后面提到买鱼的常识，且提到smell，和F选项中的smell it吻合。
4．后面一句提到买了新鲜的鱼带回家后，如果不马上吃，就放到冰箱里。所以此处应提到，鱼在几小时内就会变质。故选E。
5．后面提到了蒸鱼的具体方法，所以此处是总结性的语言，表示最简单的方法是蒸鱼。
Ⅲ．语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Robot teachers are now very popular with pupils in some primary schools in the Republic of Korea.Compared with human teachers, the robot teachers are __1.more patient__ (patient). They never get angry and are always kind to the students.That’s __2.why__ the children can always get on well with their robot teachers.
English teaching robots __3.were sent__ (send)to three primary schools for eight weeks last December.Equipped __4.with__ a microphone and video camera，the robots teach students as teachers.Researchers found that the English teaching robots helped raise students’ interest in the language and build up their __5.confidence__ (confident)．More and more students came to like studying and they got better grades in exams.Meanwhile, other robot teachers, __6.which__ can teach math, science and art, have also been developed.
Many people think these robot teachers should __7.be used__ (use)in faraway village schools so that the children there can also receive a good education. __8.To give__ (give)rural school children more learning chances, the Republic of Korean government has expressed great interest in __9.developing__ (develop)these robots.
No doubt there will be more and more robot teachers working with students.Perhaps they will __10.completely__ (complete)replace human teachers one day in the future.Who knows?
文章大意：本文主要讲述了机器人老师越来越普及这一现象。
1．考查形容词比较级。由“Compared with human teachers”以及下文的“never get angry”可知，机器人老师更耐心，故填more patient。
2．考查连词。设空处引导表语从句，且意为“……的原因”，故填why。
3．考查时态语态。English teaching robots是谓语动词send所表示的动作的承受者，且由“last December”可知send是过去发生的动作，故填were sent。
4．考查固定搭配。be equipped with意为“装备有”。
5．考查词性转化。设空处作build up的宾语，故填名词confidence。
6．考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰other robot teachers，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
7．考查语态。这些机器人老师应被用在偏远的乡村学校。these robot teachers与use之间为被动关系。
8．考查非谓语动词。government与give之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且设空处表目的，故填to give。
9．考查非谓语动词。介词后需跟动词-ing形式作宾语，故填developing。
10．考查词性转化。设空处修饰谓语动词replace，故填completely。
课件49张PPT。Unit 3 Under the seaSection Ⅱ Learning about Language自 主 预 习
Ⅰ．单词速记
1． _____________ adj.自信的→ ______________ n.信心
2． ___________ v.幸存；经历……还活着→ ____________ n.幸存
→ ____________ n.幸存者
Ⅱ．短语互译
1．可能已经做了某事 ___________________________
2．中靶 _________________
3．使……一直做…… ___________________
confident confidence survive survival survivor might/may have done sth. hit the target keep...doing
Ⅲ．语法感悟
1． _________________ (defeat)in the match made them sad.
2．Do you still remember ______________ (take)abroad?
3．The building ______________ (build)there will be a school.
4．I suddenly felt myself ______________ (hit)by a heavy fist.
5．Having __________________ (translate)into several languages，the book became famous all over the world.Being defeated being taken being built being hit been translated
6．That building _________________ (repair)is our library.
7． __________________ (tell)many times，he still couldn’t understand what the professor said.
8．I think the dictionary published this year is worthy of _______________ (buy)．
9．The foreign friends you referred to are looking forward to ______________ (show) around our newly built language lab.
10． ________________ (watch)by a crowd of people，Shirley felt nervous.being repaired Having been told being bought being shown Being watched 合 作 探 究①The teacher wants the students to feel confident about asking questions when they don’t understand.
老师要学生遇到不懂的问题就大胆提问。
②I’m confident that I can succeed.
我有信心能成功。重 点 词 汇1．confident adj.自信的；有信心的；有把握的be confident of/that对……有把握
confidence n．自信心；把握
have/lose confidence in...对……有/失去信心
with confidence自信地
The doctor could not say with confidence that he would be able to walk again after the accident.
医生不能肯定他经过那场事故后还能行走。补全句子
①The professor is always __________________________ (对生活充满信心)．
②The little girl raised her hand in class __________________ (自信地)．
③What the teacher said __________________________ (使我充满了信心)．having confidence in life with confidence filled me with confidence ①Many birds didn’t survive the severe winter here.
这里许多鸟过不了严冬。
②The old woman survived her husband by ten years.
这位老太太比她丈夫多活了十年。
③Of the six people injured in the crash，only two survived.
因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两个活了下来。2．survive vt.幸存于；经历……还活着；比……活得长
vi.活着；继续存在survivor n．幸存者
survival n．幸存；死里逃生
The old man is the survivor of the air crash which happened in the city.
这位老人是发生在那个城市的飞机坠毁事件的幸存者。语法填空
① __________________ (survive)that night，we were confident that everything else would be all right.
②If he couldn’t find his way out of the forest，there would be little chance of ____________ (survive)．
Having survived survival ①I’ve set myself a target of saving 20 yuan a month.
我给自己定了一个目标：每月存上20元。
②His crazy ideas made him the target of their jokes.
他的疯狂想法使他成为他们取笑的对象。
③The programme is targeted at improving the health of women of all ages.
这个项目旨在提高各个年龄段的妇女的健康。3．target n．[C]目标；靶；受批评的对象 vt.把……作为批评的对象；面向hit/miss the target中/脱靶
target sth.on/at把……对准
meet/achieve a target达成目标
set a target设定目标
on/off target准确/不准确命中目标
sales target销售目标
moving target移动目标①He aimed at the target，fired but missed it.
他瞄准靶子开火，却未打中。
②The advertisement is clearly targeted on the young.
这个广告显然是针对年轻人的。单句语法填空
①The missiles were targeted __________ the city.
②His proposal became the target ______ criticism.
补全句子
③They have _________________ (制定目标)of developing 200 new members.
④I am sure you can ________________________________ (完成你的目标)this time.
⑤I don’t like this kind of television advertisements ______________ (针对)children.on/at of set the target meet/achieve your target(s) targeted at 本句中“otherwise，I might...instead”为含蓄条件句，且表示与过去事实相反的情况。经典句式1．Thank God it was; otherwise，I might have been swallowed instead!
谢天谢地，否则，我也可能被吞没了。含蓄条件句
虚拟条件句的条件有时不通过条件从句来表示，而是通过介词短语、上下文或其他方式表现出来，这种虚拟条件句叫作含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句的具体用法如下：①Without water，there would be no life on the earth.
如果没有水，地球上就不会有生命。
②But for your help，we couldn’t have succeeded.
要不是你帮忙，我们不可能成功。
③I got up very early yesterday morning，or I could not have caught the early bus.
昨天早上我起床很早，否则就赶不上早班车了。
④I was too busy at that time.Otherwise，I would have called you.
我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。单句语法填空
①(2019·天津卷14改编)The workers were not better organized,otherwise they _________________________ (accomplish)the task in half the time.
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时＋其他，主句：主语＋should/would/could/might)＋现在完成时＋其他，故填would have accomplished。would have accomplished
②(2018·北京改编)Without his support,we wouldn’t ______ (be)where we are now.
③—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes.Otherwise,I wouldn’t ____________ (be)able to reach her yesterday.
完成句子
④被交通堵塞耽误了一个多小时，否则我就不会让你等这么久了。
I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour; otherwise I __________________ ________________________ (keep)you waiting for such a long time.be have been would/could/should /might not have kept (1)该句是一个简单句。句中and连接的两个介词短语with plastic balls...和(with)weights...作状语，以说明主语的状况；不定式短语to keep...和to hold...作后置定语。2．They may be many kilometres long with plastic balls to keep them floating on the water，and weights to hold them down on the seabed.
他们或许有数千米长，且带有塑料球，以让它们漂浮在水面上；它们也带有很多重物，以让它们沉到海床上。(2)句中使用了“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构，keep意为“使……处于某种状态”。该结构的常见形式有：
①keep＋sb./sth.＋形容词/副词
I was too tired to keep my eyes open.
我累得眼睛都睁不开了。
In our daily life，we must keep ourselves away from danger.
日常生活中，我们必须使自己远离危险。
②keep＋sb./sth.＋介宾短语
You should keep your hands behind your backs.
你们要把手放在背后。
③keep＋sb./sth.＋现在分词(表示动词或状态的持续)
I’m sorry.I have kept you waiting outside for so long.
对不起，我让你在外面等了那么久。
④keep＋sb./sth.＋过去分词(表示被动和状态的持续)
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
少说话，多观察。单句语法填空
①It is well known to us all that a nap is helpful to keep us ___________ (health)．
②When I work on the farmland in the daytime,I always keep my sheep ________ (tie)to a tree on the riverbank.
③Don’t keep the water ___________ (run)when you wash your hands; it is a waste.healthy tied running 单 元 语 法动词v.-ing形式
Ⅰ．v.-ing形式的构成
Having cleaned the desks，we began reading.
擦完了桌子后，我们便开始看书。
The building being built will be our school library.
正在建造的那座大楼将是我们学校的图书馆。
Ⅱ．v.-ing形式的句法功能
(1)作主语
Being punished by the coach made Tom unhappy.
被教练惩罚了使汤姆不高兴。
①(北京真题改编北京) _____________ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
解析：考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“________along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故填Traveling。
②(真题改编·福建) ___________ (know)basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
解析：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。Knowing basic first-aid techniques 为动名词短语，在句中充当主语。Traveling Knowing
(2)作宾语
①作动词的宾语
I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.
我很感激给我这次出国学习的机会。
助记：下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请记住下面口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想像才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
即：consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon; admit，delay/put off，fancy(想像，设想); avoid,miss，keep/keep on，practise; deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate; forbid，imagine，risk; can’t help，mind，allow/permit，escape。
②作介词的宾语
I look forward to being invited to his wedding.
我盼望能受邀参加他的婚礼。③(真题改编·北京)The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without ___________________ (recognize)．
解析：考查动名词的用法。recognize“认出”，为及物动词，且与句子主语he构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动形式。句意：那位电影明星戴着太阳镜。因此，他去购物的时候就不会被人认出来了。
④(真题改编·陕西)It’s quite hot today.Do you feel like _________ (go)for a swim?
解析：本题考查非谓语动词。句意：今天太热了，你想去游泳吗？feel like doing sth.“ 想要做某事。”being recognized going (3)作定语
The bridge being built will be finished next month.
正在建的大桥下月将竣工。⑤(真题改编·福建)In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，___________ (combine)the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”.
解析：非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。其中现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词通常表示被动的关系。该句意：最近几年，一个叫作infosphere的英语单词出现了，结合了“信息”和“气氛”这两个单词。这里的结合与前面新出现的单词的关系是主动的，所以填combining。combining
⑥(真题改编·山东)There’s a note pinned to the door __________ (say)when the shop will open again.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：门上贴着通知说，什么时候这个商店会再开业。此处a note与say之间是逻辑上主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，表示主动。saying (4)作宾补
I heard this song being sung in English then.
那时，我听到有人在用英语唱这首歌。⑦(真题改编·浙江)Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it __________________ (perform)live is quite another.
解析：句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb./sth.doing 表“听到某人/某物做某事”。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以填being performed。being performed (5)作状语
Being hit by a car，he didn’t come to school yesterday.
因为被车撞了，他昨天没来上学。⑧(真题改编·江苏)Many Chinese brands， ___________________ (develop) their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.
解析：考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语，和develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状况；再根据“over centuries”可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故填having developed。
having developed
⑨(2019·北京卷2改编)Nervously __________ (face)challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”．
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。facing
(6)作表语
The movie 2012 is very interesting.
电影《2012》很有趣。
Ⅲ．v.-ing被动形式的否定式是在其前加not
I was upset for not having been invited to the party.
没有被邀请参加聚会，我很难过。⑩(真题改编·四川) _______________ (know)which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice.
解析：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。本题中know与其主语之间的关系为逻辑主谓关系，not 否定分词时要放于其前面，故填not knowing。Not knowing 句型转换：用-ing形式的被动语态合并句子
1．The school has been built for two years.The school is designed for the disabled children.
The school， _____________________________________ ，is intended for the disabled children.
2．I am laughed at in the public.I don’t like it.
I don’t like _____________________________.
3．He had not been promoted.Tony was angry.
Tony was angry at _____________________ to a higher position.having been built for two years being laughed at in the public not being promoted 4．We all like the superstar.He is being interviewed.
We all like the superstar ____________________.
5．The squirrel was lucky.It was not caught.
The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _______________.
6．The question has now been solved.It has been discussed for thousands of years.
The question， __________________________________________ ，has now been solved.
7．The story has been read many times.The story seems much easier.
___________________________ ，the story seems much easier.being interviewed being caught having been discussed for thousands of years Having been read many times
