Unit 4 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ．单句改错
1． “Underground” is the only word in the English language which begins and ends with the letters “und”．
__which→that__
2．I will never forget the day when we spent in the old town with small houses.
__when→that/which或删去when__
3．He is unlikely to find the school which he taught 50 years ago.
__which→where__
4．I really like the photo of my family what my sister took in the city park last year.
__what→that/which__
5．We live in an age where more information is available with great ease than ever before.
__where→when__
6．Last year we visited the place when our grandparents lived before.
__when→where__
7．The prize will go to the writer who story shows the most imagination.
__who→whose__
8．The reason when he didn’t come last night was that he was ill.
__when→why__
9．He has grown to be such a helpful man who is praised and respected by the public.
__who→as__
10．He is one of the boys who has come here，and he is the only one of the boys that has come here on time.
__第一个has→have__
Ⅱ．将下列句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句
1．Who is the man? The man is reading the newspaper over there.
__Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there？__
2．He died on June 25, 2009.His music is still very popular.
__He，whose music is still very popular，died on June 25,2009.__
3．The opera was wonderful.We saw the opera last night.
__The opera which we saw last night was wonderful.__
4．We are living in an age.Many things are done on computers in the age.
__We are living in an age when many things are done on computers.__
5．A modern city has been set up in the place.The place was a wasteland ten years ago.
__A modern city has been set up in the place which/that was a wasteland ten years ago.__
6．Working conditions are good in this place.I’d like to go there.
__I’d like to go to this place where working conditions are good.__
7．The other day I helped an old man.The old man lost his way.
__The other day I helped an old man who/that lost his way.__
8．He is a scientist.His achievements are well-known.
__He is a scientist whose achievements are well-known.__
Unit 4 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
The Tech Museum Needs Volunteers Like You!
Do you have a desire to learn and teach others about science and technology? If so, then The Tech Museum might be the perfect place for you to volunteer.
The Tech Museum is no ordinary museum.It serves a diverse population, including international visitors，local families and school groups.Volunteers have the opportunity to staff exhibits and interact with museum visitors.A typical day could include the following：
?Helping guests step into the role of a cyber sleuth (网络侦探)in Cyber Detectives —the nation’s first interactive exhibit designed to help visitors learn about Internet safety.
?Encouraging guests to design, build and program a real robot in our Social Robots exhibit.
You don’t have to be a teacher or an engineer to succeed as a volunteer.We provide hands-on training to ensure your success.If you are 18 or older and enjoy talking and working with people, we know you’ll enjoy joining us.
We are primarily looking for volunteers to help us from Monday to Friday for morning (8：30 am—1：00 pm)or afternoon (12：30 pm—5：00 pm)shifts (轮班)．
Also, if you are trying to volunteer around a busy schedule, you can volunteer for evening events.In order to be considered for evening event volunteering, you have to volunteer for at least two evening events per month.
Benefits of volunteering include：
Free museum entry and IMAX films after work
Free downtown parking during your volunteer shift
Discount in the store and cafe
Meeting a diverse group of co-volunteers and guests
If you are interested in volunteering, please complete an online application.
文章大意：本文是一则招聘启事，介绍了所要招聘志愿者的日常工作、时间安排以及做这项志愿活动的益处。
1．What requirement should a volunteer meet？ __A__
A．Reaching 18 years old.
B．Having relevant experience.
C．Having plenty of time on the weekend.
D．Having a good command of English.
解析：细节理解题。根据文中“If you are 18 or older and enjoy talking and working with people，we know you’ll enjoy joining us.”可知，选A。
2．What is a volunteer’s daily work？ __C__
A．Playing the role of a cyber sleuth.
B．Helping clean The Tech Museum.
C．Introducing some technology to visitors.
D．Operating robots to give visitors performances.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一句以及文中“Encouraging guests to design，build and program a real robot in our Social Robots exhibit.”可知，选C。
3．When can a volunteer on afternoon shift see a free IMAX film？ __D__
A．12：30 pm on Friday. B．1：00 pm on Tuesday.
C．2：30 pm on Wednesday. D．8：30 pm on Monday.
解析：推理判断题。根据文中“We are primarily looking for volunteers to help us from Monday to Friday for morning(8：30am—1：00pm)or afternoon(12：30 Pm—5：00pm) shifts (轮班)．”和“Free museum entry and IMAX films after work”可推知，选D。
4．What will a volunteer get？ __C__
A．A chance of being employed as an employee.
B．The right to download films for free.
C．Some hands-on training.
D．Free drinks in the cafe.
解析：细节理解题。根据文中“We provide hands-on training to ensure your success.”可知，选C。
B
A British shopper Emma Mumford who was named “theCoupon (优惠券)Queen” has spent just $ 350 on a luxury(奢侈品)Christmas for her and her family but got $ 2, 500 worth of food, drink and presents thanks to coupons and offers.
Ms Mumford is a so-called “extreme couponer”and spends hours hunting out the best deals and bargains.She has been preparing for this Christmas since the end of the last one. Ms Mumford made the huge savings by checking price comparison websites and as a result collected more presents than she needed for Christmas.After sorting out gifts for all of her family she has even been able to donate $1,000 worth of presents to her local hospital.
“It has been so nice to have Christmas sorted and not having to worry about breaking the bank. I wanted to get high quality presents for my family and show that you can do it without spending a fortune.There is a misconception that everyone who does couponing only gets value products but through my careful shopping I have managed to purchase designer perfumes (香水)a high-end coffee machine.”she explained.
She said, “What started as a hobby to help me save money has turned into my life and I am able to run a business helping people save money.I know what it feels like to struggle as my ex-partner had a lot of debt which I took on for him.We were in a poor situation where every penny counted.That’s what really inspired me.”
She has now turned her bargain-hunting addiction into a business where she searches for the best deals and offer tips to the general public through video blogging and her Facebook Page.
“I try and show people that it is just a little bit of work in the beginning but it will eventually pay off.One of the best things to do is just to be a bit forward thinking and save throughout the year.”
文章大意：本文介绍了Emma Mumford如何擅长买打折的东西，并且告诉我们她很乐意和大家一起分享。
5．How did Emma make the huge savings？ __A__
A．She compared prices through websites.
B．She hunted out bargains in real shops.
C．She used coupons and offers worth 2,500.
D．She collected more Christmas presents than needed.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Ms Mumford made the huge savings by checking price comparison websites and...”可知，Ms Mumford通过浏览有关物价对比的网站节省了很多开支。
6．What does “breaking the bank” in the third paragraph mean？ __B__
A．Buying presents of low quality.
B．Spending more money than you have.
C．Breaking into the bank.
D．Taking out money from the bank.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句“I wanted to get high quality presents for my family and show that you can do it without spending a fortune.”可知，Ms Mumford想向大家证明不用花一大笔钱就能买到质量很好的礼品，由此可知，画线部分是“透支银行账户”的意思。
7．What really inspired Emma to help people save money？ __B__
A．Her addiction to bargain-hunting.
B．The financial difficulties she shared with her expartner.
C．The poor situation people around her were going through.
D．Her experience of running an unsuccessful business.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“I know what it feels like to struggle as my expartner had a lot of debt which I took on for him. We were in a poor situation where every penny counted.That’s what really inspired me.”可知，Ms.Mumford的前夫欠下了巨额债务，Ms Mumford和前夫遇到的经济困难促使她帮助人们省钱。
8．Which of the following can best describe Emma？ __D__
A．Ambitious and creative. B．Sensitive and determined.
C．Brave and lucky. D．Careful and caring.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“but through my careful shopping”可知，Ms Mumford是一个细心的人；根据第四段“I am able to run a business helping people save money”和第五段“she searches for the best deals and offer tips to the general public”可知，Ms Mumford是一个细心又关心他人的人。
Ⅱ．七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
True friends are rare to come by these days.Even if you believe you’ve connected with someone， __1.F__ ？And often you will find that someone who you thought you could trust may have let you down.There are ways you can know if a friendship is true and how you can hold onto that friend.
A true friend is someone who will be there for you no matter what happens.Through good times and bad times， __2.A__.They will accept you for who you are without trying to change you, and they will be there to help you grow in new ways.
Trust is another important aspect. A true friend will keep your secrets. They will be honest and be someone you can depend on. They will listen and be someone you know you can talk things over with， __3.G__.
Friendship is a two-way street though.To find true friends and keep them， __4.D__.Be there for them in their hard times and share the good times with them.Be someone your friends can depend on as well and offer them the same things they give to you.A friendship will fall apart fast if only one person is giving and putting all the effort in.If you are the only one making an effort，be honest.
There will be barriers in the road but that is the test of true friendship.If it can survive those barriers， __5.E__.St.Thomas Aquinas said, “There is nothing on this earth more prized than friendship”and it holds true.
A．they will stand by you
B．How often does he let you down
C．as if they could offer you great help
D．you must in turn be the same as well
E．it will be stronger and better than ever
F．how do you really know he is a true friend
G．even if they may not have advice to share with you
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了如何判断友情真假以及找到真正的朋友的方法。
解析：
1．空格后句子意为“你常常会发现你原以为能够信任的人也许会让你失望”；结合“And”可知，空格处与该句为并列关系，联系语境可知，F项“你怎么知道对方是否是你真正的朋友呢”符合语境。故选F项。
2．根据第二段可知，真正的朋友无论发生什么事情都会跟你在一起，会无条件接受你的一切。故A项“他们会支持你”符合语境。
3．空格前提到真正的朋友会倾听，是你可以与之倾心交流的人。故G项“即使他们可能不会给你提供建议”符合语境，与上文构成合理的逻辑关系。故选G项。
4．本段第一句提到友谊是一种双向沟通。空格后提到如果只是单方面的付出，友谊很容易破碎。所以为了找到真正的朋友，你对待对方也要像对方对待你一样。故选D项。
5．根据语境可知，真正的友谊之路是会存在障碍的，但如果能克服这些障碍，那么友谊就会变得更好。E项“它会比以前更强大、更好”符合语境。故选E项。
Ⅲ．语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
You’ve seen a lot of unlikely animal friendships.However，nothing comes close to seeing an American black bear， __1.an__ African lion and a Bengal tiger (孟加拉虎)living together in harmony.They have spent the last 15 years at an animal shelter in Georgia(格鲁吉亚)after being rescued.
The bear, the lion and the tiger __2.were rescued__ (rescue)in 2001 from the basement of a house in Atlanta.They __3.have spent__ (spend)every happy day together ever since.They were too __4.injured__ (injure)to be returned to the wild. __5.Coming__ (come)from three different continents，such animals would never meet each other in the wild.But despite their __6.various/varied__ (vary)differences, the animals get along like brothers and are __7.completely__ (complete)inseparable(形影不离的)．They play together, have __8.meals__ (meal)together and sleep together.
__9.Although/Though__ sometimes one of them may get angry, usually by stepping on __10.their__ (they)tails or stealing toys, etc., they have never injured one another.About 99.9% of the time, they are very gentle with each other.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了三只动物之间不同寻常的友谊。
解析：
1．考查冠词。African以元音音素开头，故填an。
2．考查动词的时态和语态。句子的主语与rescue之间是被动关系；再根据时间状语in 2001可知时态为一般过去时，故填were rescued。
3．考查动词的时态。ever since常与现在完成时连用，故填have spent。
4．考查形容词。injured受伤的。
5．考查非谓语动词。主语animals和come之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作原因状语。
6．考查形容词。various/varied各种各样的。
7．考查副词。修饰形容词inseparable用副词。
8．考查名词单复数。meal是可数名词，根据语境可知应该是很多顿饭，故填meals。
9．考查连词。故填Although/Though。
10．考查形容词性物主代词。tails是可数名词复数，故用形容词性物主代词修饰。
课件46张PPT。Unit 4 SharingSection Ⅱ Learning about Language自 主 预 习
Ⅰ．单词速记
1． _________ n.烤面包片；干杯→ _________ v.烤(面包等)；敬酒
2． ____________ v.完成→ ______________ adv.完全地
Ⅱ．短语互译
1．要是……，会怎样？ __________________
2．找到，发现 __________________
toast toast complete completely What if...？ find out
Ⅲ．语法感悟
填入适当的关系词
1．There are many storybooks here，and Robinson Crusoe is the best one ________ I’ve ever read.
2．The boy didn’t pass the English exam， _________ made his parents angry.
3．I searched all the town for the same necklace ______ you are wearing now，but could not find any.
4．My English tutor，Mr Black， ________ I admire，will return home soon.that which as whom
5．He is such a good singer ______ is loved by everyone.
6．Who are the persons ________ got onto the moon in 1969?
7．The two countries are neighbours _________ friendship will last forever.
8．This is the jeep _________ I drove in across a large desert.
9．He stood at the top of the mountain，from _________ he could have a very beautiful sight of the surrounding area.
10．Taiwan belongs to China， _____________ is known to all.as that whose which which as/which 合 作 探 究①Please toast the bread.
请把面包烤一下。
②The wedding guests toasted the bride and bridegroom.
婚礼客人向新娘和新郎敬酒。
③He is eating a piece of toast.
他在吃烤面包。
④Let’s drink a toast to the newly elected chairman!
让我们为新当选的主席干杯！重 点 词 汇toast vt.烤(面包等)；敬酒 n．烤面包片；吐司面包；干杯toast sb./sth.为……干杯
two slices of toast两片烤面包
drink a toast to sb./sth.为某人/某事干杯
propose a toast to提议为……干杯
单句改错
①Now I propose a toast of the success of the conference and the health of all the distinguished guests here.
_____________
完成句子
②Are _____________________ enough?
两片面包够吗？
③At the party we ________________________ the health of our parents.
宴会上我们为父母的健康干杯。for改为to two slices of toast drank a toast to ①The police have collected some information connected with the case.
警方已经收集了与此案件有关的一些信息。
②The driver connected with the traffic accident is about 45 years old.
与那起交通事故有关的司机大约45岁。
温馨提示：其中connected是形容词，表示“有联系的；相关的”，此短语常在句中作后置定语。重 点 短 语connected with与……有关系，与……有关单句语法填空
①(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨期末)Experts say turning to the right
when people walk into a shop is connected ________ most people’s preference for using their right hand.
②Can you think of any Chinese proverbs _____________ (connect)with friendship?
③Tell me all you know in ______________ (connect)with that matter.
④If you want to search for information,your computer must be connected ______ the Internet. with connected connection to (1)What if...？如果……怎么办？(尤指令人不快的事情或情况的发生)
①What if no one helps him out during my absence?
在我不在期间，如果没人帮他摆脱困境怎么办？
②What if the rivers dry up?
如果河流干涸了怎么办？经 典 句 式She see him again but what if he didn’t want to see her?
她又看到他，但是，如果他不想见她怎么办？
(2)What if...？如果……怎么样？(用于表示提出有益的建议)
What if I lend you the money？Wouldn’t that make everything a lot simpler?
我借钱给你怎么样？这样所有的事情不就简单多了吗？
根据语境用what短语填空
① __________ the train is late?
②—I am so glad that I caught you at home.I need your help!
— _________________ ，Robin?
③—Jack,you seem to be in high spirits.
— _____________ ! We won the match.
④—Her father is very rich.
— __________ ? She will not accept his help even if it is offered.
⑤—Can I have two days off next week?
— __________________?What if
What’s up/on
Guess what
So what
What for 单 元 语 法复习定语从句
Ⅰ．概念
1．定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫作先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词，叫作关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：
①连接定语从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。
4．定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。Ⅱ．关系代词的基本用法
1．that的用法
that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。
She is the girl(that)you want to know.(作宾语，指人)
她是你想认识的女孩。
Do you like the book(that)you borrowed yesterday？(作宾语，指物)
你喜欢你昨天借的那本书吗？
This is the factory that produces cars.(作主语，指物)
这是制造小汽车的工厂。①(2019·浙江卷语法填空58改编)On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth _______________ gives off light in the dark.
解析：考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
②(真题改编·陕西)Please send us all the information _______________ you have about the candidate for the position.
that/which that/which
2．which的用法
which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。
A chemist’s shop is a shop which sells medicine.(which作主语)
药店是卖药的商店。
The building which they are building will be finished next month.(作宾语)
他们正在建的大楼下月将完成。③(2018·北京改编)She and her family bicycle to work， _________ helps them keep fit.
解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“________helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。which
3．who的用法
who指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。
The man who is talking to our teacher is Tom’s brother.(作主语)
正同我们老师谈话的人是汤姆的兄弟。
④(2019·北京卷改编)The students benefitting most from college are those _______ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life,taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源)．
解析：考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。“ ______ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.”是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who。who 4．whom的用法
whom指人，是who的宾格形式，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用who或that代替。
The lady whom you are looking for is in the office.(作宾语)
你在找的女士在办公室里。⑤(真题改编·江苏)Many young people，most of ________ were well- educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
解析：考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词of的宾语。whom
5．whose的用法
whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指人时，相当于of whom；指物时，相当于of which。
This is the scientist whose name is known to all over the world.(指人)
这就是那位世界闻名的科学家。
She lives in a house whose window faces the sea.(指物)
她住在一座窗户面向大海的房子里。⑥(2018·天津改编)Kate， _________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限制性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。
⑦(真题改编·天津)My eldest son， _________ work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.
解析：本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是My eldest son，根据句意和空后名词确定引导词在从句中作定语，whose修饰名词作定语。whose whose 6．as的用法
as既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语。它常用在the same...as...，such...as...，as...as...等句型中，as不能省略。
I want to have such a computer as he has.(as作宾语)
我想有一台和他一样的电脑。
I’ll buy the same dictionary as you have.(作宾语，指物)
我打算买一本和你的一样的词典。Ⅲ．关系副词的基本用法
关系副词when，why，where在定语从句中分别作时间、原因、地点状语，且可根据其在句中的搭配关系，转换成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。
I’ll never forget the time when we worked together on the farm.(when指时间)
我将永远不会忘记我们一起在农场工作的日子。
Sanya is the place where she was born.(where指地点)
三亚是她出生的地方。
I don’t know the reason why he was refused.(why指原因)
我不知道他被拒绝的原因。⑧(2019·天津卷改编)Their child is at the stage _________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
解析： 考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。where
⑨(真题改编·湖南)I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
解析：考查定语从句。先行词是day，关系词在从句中做时间状语，应用关系副词when。
when
⑩(真题改编·浙江)I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade， ________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
解析：本题考查定语从句的引导词。句意：我直到五年级才成为一个严肃的攀爬者，那时我去救一个挂在树上的风筝。分析结构可知，此处考查的是定语从句的引导词，先行词the fifth grade为表示时间的名词，后面从句缺少状语，用when引导。
when
?(真题改编·天津)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _________ his employees enjoy their work．
解析：句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。where Ⅳ．由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
此结构中的关系代词主要是which和whom，即“介词＋which/whom”，先行词为人时用whom，先行词为物时用which。
Here are the questions，some of which I thought difficult.
就是这些问题，我认为其中一些很难。
He has two sons，both of whom are teachers.
他有两个儿子，都是老师。?(真题改编·安徽)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _________ school education depends.
解析：句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。depend on/upon“依靠，依赖”，先行词为the fundamental skill，故填which。which
[点津]
the＋n.＋of which/whom＝of which/whom＋the＋n.＝whose＋n.
I bought a car yesterday the color of which is white.
＝I bought a car yesterday of which the color is white.
＝I bought a car yesterday whose color is white.
昨天我买了一辆白色的小汽车。Ⅴ．关系代词的特别用法?(真题改编·江西)Among the many dangers _______________ sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is fog.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：在水手们不得不面对的危险当中，可能最大的危险就是雾。many dangers为先行词，在后面定语从句中作face的宾语，用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。which/that
Ⅵ．定语从句常见错误
1．缺先行词
Is this school that you visited last year?
(该句缺先行词，应在“school”后面加上“the one”或在“school”前面加上“the”)
2．缺引导词
Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.
(应在“Children”后面加上“who”，关系代词作主语时不能省略)
3．成分重复
This is the village that I lived in it years ago.
(that和it句子成分重复，应去掉“it”)
4．谓语单复数确定不当
He is the only one of the students who know French.
(先行词为the only one，定语从句的谓语动词know应为单数knows)
Mr Black，who are at the gate，is waiting for you.
(先行词为Mr Black，who指Mr Black，谓语动词用单数is)
5．关系代词省略不当
This is the girl from I learned the news.
(在有介词提前的定语从句中不能省略关系代词，from后面应加上whom)用适当的词语填空
1．A salesman _____________ is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment.
2．Maybe you have a habit _______________ is driving your family crazy.
3．Tibet is such a place ______ all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.
4．Running Man is such a funny reality show ______ has the gravity to pull you in front of your television.
5．We expect you to become someone ______ whom we’ll feel very proud in the future.who/that that/which as as of 6．As the dark horse,China’s football team swept into the quarter finals _________ it lost to host country Australia.
7．It was in the small house _______________ was built with stones ________ he spent his childhood.
8．Is this museum the _______ you visited last Friday?
9．As a student of Senior Three,he has very little free time ________ he can spend developing his own interest.
10．It was a pity that the policeman failed to find the per-son _______________ the witness had described.where which/that that one that that/who/whom
