高中英语牛津译林版模块5 Unit 1——2课课练（含答案）

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词汇点击
pretend
【原文】Afterwards, I pretended to be cheerful, but Hannah sensed something was wrong. (Page 2)
【解析】动词pretend有“假装；装扮，扮作”等含义，后接从句或不定式。如：
We pretended (that) nothing had happened. 我们假装什么事情也没发生。
Let’s pretend we’re cats. 让我们假扮成猫吧。
【拓展】pretended adj. 假装的，徒有外表的
admit
【原文】We went to wash our hands in the girls’ washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done. (Page 2)
【解析】动词admit意为“承认；让……进入”，常用的表达方式有：admit (to) (doing/having done) sth. 承认／ 招供（做过）某事；admit + that-clause 承认某事；admit sb./sth. to be 承认某人／某物是……；admit sb./sth. into/in/to some place 让某人／某物进入某地。如：
He admitted (to) his mistake/having stolen the car/that he had stolen the car. 他承认他的错误／偷了车。
We all admit him to be excellent. 我们都认为他很优秀。
Only one hundred boys are admitted to the school each year. 该校每年只收一百名男生。
admit还有“容纳”的意思。如：
The theatre admits only 200 people. 这家戏院只能容纳200人。
【巩固】At the Olympic Games, only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be
as competitors.
abandoned B. conveyed C. admitted D. advertised
答案：C。句意为：在奥运会上，只有那些达到赛事规定标准的运动员才可作为比赛者被允许参赛。
guilty; remark
【原文】I feel really guilty because I made some cruel remarks too, but I dislike seeing our team lose. (Page 3)
【解析】(1) guilty意为“内疚的；有罪的，犯罪的”，常用的表达方式有：be guilty about/over/for sth. 对…… 感到内疚；be guilty of sth. 犯……罪。如：
I feel guilty about having told a lie. 我撒了个谎，因此觉得很内疚。
The boys were guilty of theft. 这些男孩犯了盗窃罪。
【拓展】guilt n. 罪；有罪
(2) 作名词时，remark意为“谈论，评论”，常与on/upon/about/at搭配。如：
He had a habit of making humorous remarks. 他有说俏皮话的习惯。

She made a few polite remarks on their service. 对于他们的服务，她做出了礼貌的评价。作名词时，remark还有“引人注目，显耀”的意思。如：
He saw nothing worthy of remark at the exhibition. 他在展览会上没有看到值得注目的东西。
remark作动词用有“谈到，评论，说”的意思。如：
A local newspaper remarked that crime was on the decrease. 一家地方报纸评论说犯罪案件在减少。
remark作动词用还有“注意，看到，觉察”的意思。如：
I remarked the tense atmosphere as soon as I entered the room. 我一走进房间，就觉察到了紧张的气氛。
【拓展】同义短语：comment on/upon；make comments on/upon
argue
【原文】Since we argued, he hasn’t spoken to me even though we sit next to each other in class. (Page 3)
【解析】作不及物动词用时，argue意为“争论，争吵”，常与with/over/about等介词连用。如：
I’m not going to argue with you tonight. 我今晚不想与你争辩。另外argue还有“提出理由”之意，后接for或against。如： He argued against the plan. 他据理反对这个计划。
作及物动词用时，argue还可表示“主张，认为”。如：
Columbus argued that the world was round. 哥伦布认为地球是圆形的。作及物动词用时，argue还有“说服”之意，后与into/out of连用。如：
We argued her out of going on such a dangerous journey. 我们说服她放弃了这样危险的旅行。
【拓展】argument n. 争执，辩论；理由，论据；说理，论证
I accepted his argument that taxation should be increased. 我接受了他提出的应该增税的论点。
blame
【原文】..., if she really is your best friend you should apologize for blaming her. (Page 5)
【解析】blame用作动词时，意为“责备”，常用表达有：blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 因某事而责备某人/ 责备某人做了某事；blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人；be to blame (for) 应（为……）承担责任。如：
He blamed his teachers for his failure. 他把自己的失败归咎于他的老师。
It’s no use blaming our defeat on him. 把我们的失败归罪在他头上是没用的。
The children were not to blame for the accident. 那次事故怪不着孩子们。
blame用作名词时，常用于下列搭配：accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任；put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人。如：
You must accept/bear/take the blame for the accident. 你必须承担造成这次事故的责任。
He is trying to put/lay the blame on me. 他企图把责任推给我。
anchor; be based on
【原文】Friendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support, but friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests. (Page 18)
【解析】(1) anchor 作动词用，意思是“扎根于，使基于；抛锚使（船）停泊；（使）固定”。如：
Her short stories are mostly anchored in her life in Africa. 她的短篇小说大部分取材于她在非洲的生活。
The boats anchored off Boston. 那几艘船在波士顿港外海面下锚停泊。
We anchored the tent with pegs. 我们用桩子固定帐篷。
anchor 作名词用，意思是“锚，锚状物；赖以支撑的人（或物），靠ft”。如：
They weighed anchor and moved north. 他们起锚向北前进。
Her promise to remain faithful to him was his anchor when he was in prison.
她对他忠贞不渝的承诺是他服刑期间的精神支柱。
(2) 短语be based on的意思是“建立在……的基础上”。如：

The conclusion is based on facts. 这个结论是建立在事实的基础上的。
【拓展】basic adj. 基本的，基础的；base n. 基座，基地；basis n. 构成某事物的主要原则、基础；
basement n. 地下室
respond
【原文】When asked, they usually hesitate before responding, ... (Page 18)
【解析】动词respond意为“（正式）应答，答复，反应”，后面常接介词to。如：
The girl didn’t respond to his words, and he then found that she was deaf.
女孩没有答他的话，他才发现她是个聋子。
The illness quickly responded to treatment. 这种病经过治疗后很快就有起色。
【拓展】response n. 回答，答复（make no response 没有回答；in response to 作为对……的回答）
mercy
【原文】Because I am a friend, I have had to learn patience and mercy. (Page 19)
【解析】名词mercy的意思是“仁慈，怜悯，宽恕”，常用表达有：show mercy to 对……表示怜悯；have/take (no) mercy on 对……（不）同情；without mercy 毫不留情地，残忍地；at the mercy of 任由……摆布。如： The old woman begged the passers-by to show mercy to her child.
=The old woman begged the passers-by to have/take mercy on her child. 那个老太太乞求路人怜悯她的孩子。
No government should work his will on the people without mercy.
任何政府都不应该毫不留情地把他的意志强加于人民。
The ship was at the mercy of the storm. 那只船在暴风雨中失去了控制。
【拓展】merciful adj. 仁慈的，宽恕的，宽容的（be merciful to/towards sb. 对某人宽容）
【巩固】We all Jack, for he is always others.
at the mercy of; have mercy of B. have a mercy on; at the mercy of
C. have mercy on; at the mercy of D. have mercy on; at mercy of
答案：C。这两个短语都是固定搭配。
句型精析
I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz, saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade. (Page 2)
【解析】(1) 现在分词短语saying how easy it was ...作伴随状语，saying后接两个宾语从句。现在分词经常充当
状语，表示和主句动作同时进行，可以前置，也可以后置。如：
Standing there, he told us a story. 他站在那里给我们讲了个故事。
He rushed into the room, looking very serious. 他一脸严肃地冲进房间。
(2) 主句的谓语是情态动词must + have done，表示对过去发生的或已经完成的事情的肯定猜测。如： It must have rained last night. 昨晚肯定下过雨。
如果要表示对现在情况的肯定猜测，用must + 动词原形。如：
Your father must be at home now. 你爸爸现在肯定在家里。
值得注意的是，如果句子中有must的这种用法，后面如接反意疑问句，不能用must反问，而要视时间情况而定：如果对现在猜测，用一般现在时；如果对过去猜测，用一般过去时；如果对已经完成的动作猜测，用现在完成时。如：
Your father must be at home now, isn’t he? It must have rained last night, didn’t it?
He must have arrived, hasn’t he?

第二句和第三句的唯一区别是第二句有个过去的时间状语，这个过去的时间状语就是对过去猜测的标志，否则视为对已经完成的动作的猜测。
He got annoyed, saying it wasn’t his fault if he couldn’t play as well as me, and that I shouldn’t talk to him in this manner. (Page 3)
【解析】本句saying后面跟了两个宾语从句，第一个从句的that省略，第二个从句由that引导。当一个动词接两
个that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，第二个不能省。如：
He insisted (that) he hadn’t stolen the money and that he shouldn’t be taken away.
他坚持说他没有偷钱，不应该被带走。
Football is very important to me, but so is our friendship. (Page 3)
【解析】本句是个由but连接的并列复合句，第二个分句中又包含一个倒装句so is our friendship。当so作“也” 讲时，需要放在句首，并倒装。如：
He is tired, and so am I. 他累了，我也累了。
I saw it and so did he. 我看见了，他也看见了。
注意：so的这种倒装用法仅用于肯定句，否定句用neither/nor。如：
He doesn’t like English. Neither/Nor do I. 他不喜欢英语，我也不喜欢。
用作副词时，so 还可以表示“如此……”和“确实”。其中，作“如此……”讲并置于句首时仍然需要倒装。如：
So disappointed was the little boy that he cried. 那小男孩如此失望，以至于哭了。注意：so的这种用法必须接形容词或副词。
比较：so作“确实”讲时，不需倒装。如：
—Tom won the game. 汤姆赢了那场比赛。
—So he did. 确实如此。
When asked, they usually hesitate before responding, ... (Page 18)
【解析】句中的When和asked之间省略了主语和系动词 they are。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句中又含有be动词时，从句中常可用这种省略结构。如：
Work hard when (you are) young, or you’ll regret.（连词 + 形容词） 趁年轻时努力工作，不然你会后悔的。
He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.（连词 + 介词短语） 他四处看着好像在找什么东西。
He opened his mouth as if (he were) to speak.（连词 + 不定式） 他张开嘴好像要说什么。
Be careful when (you are) crossing the street.（连词 + 现在分词） 过马路要小心。
Once (it is) caught, the bird will lie on the ground, pretending to be dead.（连词 + 过去分词） 一旦被抓住，这只小鸟就会躺在地上装死。
However, if I had ended our friendship, we would have both learnt nothing. (Page 19)
【解析】这是一个和过去事实相反的虚拟语气句式。if条件句中使用过去完成时，则主句中使用would/could/ should + have done。如：
If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed the exam.
如果你早听了我的意见，你就能通过考试了。
注意：如果虚拟语气条件句中的if被省略的话，条件句要部分倒装。如上面的例句可变成：
Had you taken my advice, you would not have failed the exam.
语法指导
不定式
不定式的形式
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
to do
to be done
完成式
to have done
to have been done
进行式
to be doing

不定式的用法
不定式作主语
To ?nish so much homework in a day is impossible.
在一天之内完成这么多家庭作业是不可能的。
注意：为了保持句子的平衡，常用 it 代替不定式作主语，把不定式短语后置。如：
Is to complete the design before National Day necessary?
= Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day?
有必要在国庆节前完成这项设计吗？
不定式作宾语
常用不定式作宾语的动词有：afford，agree，attempt，choose，decide，determine，expect，happen，hope，
manage，plan，pretend，promise，refuse，seek，want，wish等。如： We agreed to meet here, but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
我们约好在这儿见面，但她到现在还没来。
不定式作宾语补足语
We are persuading the smokers in our of?ce to give up smoking.
我们正在说服办公室里的吸烟者们戒烟。
不定式作表语
The purpose of the exchange programme is to promote the understanding between the two countries.
这次交流计划旨在增进两国之间的理解。
不定式作定语
The research centre needs someone to take care of the pandas.
= The research centre needs someone who takes care of the pandas.
研究中心需要一个照料大熊猫的人。
不定式作状语
To save time, they went there by air.
为了节省时间，他们乘飞机去那儿。（不定式作目的状语）
What has he said to make you so sad?
他说了什么使你如此伤心？（不定式作结果状语）
注意：我们常用下列不定式作独立成分：to tell the truth 说实话；to be exact 确切地说；to make things
worse 更糟的是；to be sure 当然，等等。如：
She’s in her mid-forties, to be exact, forty-seven. But she looks much younger than her age.
她45岁左右，确切地说是47岁，但她看上去比实际年龄年轻很多。

不定式中可省略to的几种情况
当几个不定式在句子中作同样的成分，to通常只用在第一个不定式前。如：
I intend to call on him and discuss the question again.
我想去拜访他并把问题再讨论一下。
在某些感官动词（feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe）和使动动词（let, make, have）的宾语补足语中，常省去不定式中的to。如：
They made the children workers work 16 hours a day, which was not allowed by law.
他们迫使童工每天工作16个小时，这一点是违法的。
注意：在被动语态中，不定式作宾语补足语时的to必须保留。如上面的例句应改为：
The children workers were made to work 16 hours a day, which was not allowed by law.
在含有实义动词do的主语从句中，主句中的表语若是不定式，可省略to。如：
What a dictionary does is (to) explain the meaning of each word.
词典的作用是解释每个词的意义。
当介词but, except前的句子中出现实义动词do时，介词后的不定式中一般省略to。如： What does he like to do but read novels?
除了看小说之外他还喜欢别的吗？
在can’t (help) but do, can’t choose but do, why (not) do等固定句型中，不定式中的to一般被省略。如： Why not go for the party with us tonight?
为什么今晚不和我们一起去参加聚会？
动名词
动名词是非谓语动词形式中的一种，由“动词 + ing”构成，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
有些动词及动词短语一般只用动名词作宾语：avoid，admit，appreciate，consider，delay，deny，enjoy， escape，fancy，forgive，?nish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，pardon，postpone，resist，risk，suggest， understand，can’t help等。如：
Don’t risk climbing such a high mountain on so snowy a day.
不要冒险在这样的雪天登这样一座高ft。
有些动词既可以接动名词又可以接不定式作宾语：love，like，hate，prefer，begin，start，continue，intend，
attempt，propose，want，need，remember，forget，regret，try，deserve等。如：
注意：(1) 有些动词用动名词作宾语与用不定式作宾语表示的意义区别不大。一般来说，表示习惯的一般性动作多用动名词作宾语，一次性具体的动作多用不定式。如：
I like ?shing, but I don’t like to go with you today, as it is too hot outside.
我喜欢钓鱼，但我今天不想和你去，外面实在是太热了。
(2) 用动名词作宾语与用不定式作宾语意义完全不同，具体如下：
动词
动名词作宾语
不定式作宾语
mean
意味着，意思是
打算做某事
try
试着做某事
努力做某事
stop
停止做某事
停下来去做某事
regret
遗憾、后悔做了某事
对要做或正在做的事表示遗憾
forget
忘记曾经做过某事（动作已发生）
忘记去做某事（动作未发生）
remember
记得曾经做过某事（动作已发生）
记住要做某事（动作未发生）
一课一练
一、阅读关于交朋友的小建议，并根据短文内容判断正误
Everyone needs friends. They are a basic source of happiness and hope in our lives. However, the ability to make friends varies from person to person. To some people, making friends is easy, and to others it’s very dif?cult. Making friends is a skill, and the ?rst step in developing that skill is to know how to get along with others.
People who are good at getting along with others take an interest in what other people like. They learn to develop interests that make them enjoyable to be around. Therefore, the more things that your child knows how to interact with other kids, the more chances he or she has to make friends.
If your child has trouble making friends, here are some things he or she can do:
Realize your own strengths. You have skills and talents that others can enjoy; however, some people don’t let others see their goodness. Always believe that you are a good person who has something to share with others.
Develop a sense of humour. Learn to laugh at yourself and your shortcomings. It will relieve (释放) some of the
stress in your life. Smile, smile, smile.
Respect the rights of others. They have their opinions, and you have yours. Learn how to listen to others without putting them down or trying to persuade them that your opinion is right. Different opinions make our life colourful.
Be kind. Throughout your life, you will learn that if you are kind to others, they will usually be kind to you. When should you start being kind? Right now. Give someone a compliment ( 赞 扬 ); open the door for someone; wave to a friend; encourage someone who is discouraged; say something positive (积极的). There are hundreds of little things you
can do to show kindness.
Be sympathetic (同情的). Try to understand what others are going through. Look at life through their eyes. If you can feel someone’s feelings, you can help.
Don’t complain. People get tired of listening to constant complaining. Life doesn’t always go the way you want. Learn to accept what you can’t change, and work hard to change what you can. Replace the time you used to spend complaining with the time spent being kind.
Be honest. People look for different characteristics in their friends. The most important characteristic in a friend is integrity (诚实正直). A person of integrity is worth making friends with. No one likes to be friends with someone who is dishonest or disloyal.
Never give up. Even if you are faced with negative, closed-minded people, never give up. Don’t let them change you into one of them. Find people who will appreciate (欣赏) you.
The ability to make friends differs according to the education one receives. T / F
One of the most important things in making friends is to be able to get along with others. T / F
It will be easier for an honest person to make more friends. T / F
To develop a sense of humour means you may laugh at others’ shortcomings as well as yours. T / F
Trying to persuade others that your opinion is right helps in making friends. T / F
Life doesn’t always go the way you want, so you should accept everything. T / F
二、阅读关于美国人交友观的文章，并根据短文内容选择正确答案
Steve and Yaser ?rst met in their chemistry class at an American university. Yaser was an international student

from Jordan (约旦). He wanted to learn more about American culture and hoped that he and Steve would become good friends.
At ?rst, Steve seemed very friendly. He always greeted Yaser warmly before class. Sometimes he offered to study with Yaser. He even invited Yaser to eat lunch with him. But after the semester was over, Steve seemed more distant. The two former classmates didn’t see each other very much at school. One day Yaser decided to call Steve. Steve didn’t seem very interested in talking to him. Yaser was hurt by Steve’s change of attitude. “Steve said we were friends,” Yaser complained, “and I thought friends were friends for ever.”
Yaser is a little confused. As a foreigner, he doesn’t understand the way Americans view friendship. Americans use the word “friend” in a very general way. They may call both casual acquaintances (泛泛之交) and close companions “friends”. These friendships are based on common interests. When the shared activity ends, the friendship may fade.
Now as Steve and Yaser are no longer classmates, their friendship has changed.
In some cultures friendship means a strong life-long bond (关系) between two people. In these cultures friendships develop slowly, since they are built to last. American society is one of rapid changes. Studies show that one out of ?ve American families moves every year. American friendships develop quickly, and they may change just as quickly. People from the United States may at ?rst seem friendly. Americans often chat easily with strangers. But American friendliness is not always an offer of true friendship.
After an experience like Yaser’s, people who’ve been in this country for only a few months may consider Americans to be ?ckle (善变的). Learning how Americans view friendship can help non-Americans avoid misunderstandings. It can also help them make friends in the American way.
Here are a few tips on making friends with Americans:
Visit places Americans enjoy and be willing to take the ?rst step. Don’t wait for them to approach you.
Use small talk to open the conversation. Remember: be careful to avoid personal questions about age, salary, marital status and appearance.
Show an interest in their culture, their country or their job and invite them to join you for dinner or just for coffee or tea.
Don’t expect too much at ?rst. Maybe they’re just being friendly. But maybe they do want to be your good friends. It will take time to tell.
Why didn’t Yaser understand Steve became more distant when they were no longer in the same class?
Because Steve didn’t like Yaser.
Because they couldn’t see each other.
Because Yaser didn’t know American culture about friendship.
Because Yaser was a foreigner.
From the text we can ?nd that American friendships .
develop quickly but change slowly
develop slowly and change slowly
develop slowly but change quickly
develop and change quickly
If you no longer work with an American, what should you do with your friendship?
Try your best to keep it. B. Avoid meeting your workmates.
C. Let it be. D. Worry about it.


一、根据Reading课文内容选择正确答案
What is the secret about in the ?rst letter?
Family problems. B. A test grade. C. Love. D. Wrongdoings.
Sarah felt betrayed by her friend, Hannah, because she thought .
Hannah had been her best friend since primary school B. Hannah was the only one who knew her grade
C. it was the secret between Hannah and her D. Hannah let out her secret
What is the reason for Sarah’s failure in the math quiz?
She was too proud of herself after the quiz. B. She was unprepared.
C. She did not work hard at mathematics. D. She was stupid.
According to Andrew, they lost the football game because .
the other team was brilliant B. Matthew was not as athletic as him
C. Matthew was too slow and careless D. Matthew was sensitive and bitter
What does Andrew’s brother advise?
Andrew should forgive Matthew. B. Andrew can help Matthew improve football skills.
C. Andrew should apologize to Matthew ?rst. D. Andrew had better ?nd another friend.
二、根据课文“Secrets and lies”完成下面的思维导图，每空一词
三、根据课文“A friendship in trouble”完成下面的思维导图，每空不超过三个词


一、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
Happy New Year! I wish you a (cheer), pleasant holiday!
For many students, it is very hard to (true) understand English.
Then she also started to speak about her faraway hometown, her (child) and her family.
I (like) him personally, but I admire his art.
People in that city (argument) that their city is the liveliest city in the world.
Do not use this medicine if you have very (sense) skin.
Are you going to join an (athlete) club?
It’s bad (manner) to stare at people.
They have had several (agree) over noise with their neighbours.
He was (gift) at drawing when he was at the age of seven.
二、选择适当的单词或词组，并用其适当的形式填空
apologize/apology
I want to meet you, to for my rudeness last Saturday.
He made an for not having written to me.
believe/believe in/belief
At this dif?cult point, we need a leader that everybody , that is, a person that is able to lead us to success.
I just couldn’t my eyes when I saw my birthday present.
It’s my that our team will win the game.
forgive/excuse
Sarah couldn’t Hannah because she thought Hannah let out the secret.
me, could you show me the way to the theatre?
spy on/look into/look through
A working party has been set up to that problem.
Standing there, she can easily the man in the crowd.
You must your papers before handing them in.
admit/allow
If you life is full of beauty, never be too busy to enjoy the wonder of life.
My boss doesn’t me to use the telephone.
argue/quarrel
She did not wish to mention the with her father.
You should calmly and do not let anything unpleasant happen.
三、用方框内所给词组的适当形式填空

Although Jack and I often each other, we are good friends.
It is impolite to embarrass someone .
We spare no effort to improve the living standard in our country.
To times, the law is in need of frequent revision.
Son, you should your mind your lessons!
The small window in the wall could some light the room.
The naughty boy was told to being rude to his uncle.
I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we well.
This report the data we have collected all over the world.
He having said bad words about his friend behind his back.
四、根据中文提示完成下列句子，每空一词
不要总是把失败归咎于他人，有时候该怪你自己。
Don’t always your own failures on others. Sometimes you yourself
.
经理在不同场合评价了该员工的进步。
The manager the worker’s improvement on different occasions.
她终于还是原谅了他忘记她的生日。
She eventually him her birthday.
那儿的气候不适合我，不久以后我就搬回来了。
The climate there disagreed with me and I moved back.
这个年轻人招供闯进了屋子，偷了一台电脑。
The young man the house and stolen a computer.
—我更喜欢周日一整天把自己关在家里听音乐。
—那就是我不同意的地方。你应该有更积极的生活。
—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That’s . You should have a more active life.
—她看起来很开心。她一定已经通过了考试。
—我猜是这样。毕竟也不难。
—She looks very happy. She .
—I guess so. It’s not dif?cult after all.
他喜欢足球。我哥哥和我也一样。
He likes football. my brother and I.
我认为我永远不会真正地原谅她。
I can ever truly forgive her.
当老师进来时，吉姆假装在读书。
Jim when the teacher came in.


一、根据中文提示完成下列句子
Generally speaking, a successful scientist should be both academic and (思维开放的).
I am looking for friends who are (诚实的) and (乐于助人的).
His speech is really long and (枯燥的).
We had a long conversation because my friend is a very (爱说话的) person.
I noticed that the old man was sometimes very (固执的) at the beginning, but later on I found him very
(热心肠的).
The boy was really (粗鲁的) then, but now I’m very pleased to see he is more (有礼貌的) than before.
He used to be very (自私的). Now he is more (大方的) and willing to give a hand to those
who need help.
Don’t you think it is (残忍的) to tease a (害羞的) girl?
二、根据所给单词的反义词完成字谜，并用字谜中箭头所指的单词完成句子
friendly
unhappy
lazy
close
kind
polite 3
sel?sh
unhelpful
silly
patient
dishonest
Hidden word
↓

that form while you are at school will usually last for your lifetime.


一、找出下列各句中的动词不定式和动名词，并指出它们在句中充当的成分
It’s a shame to laugh at your friend.
You must learn to be patient.
Madam Curie was the ?rst woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Our plan is to ?nish all the work two days ahead of schedule.
We had never heard her sing like that before.
Hannah promised not to let out my secret.
The girl kept on practising playing the piano for hours.
She could not help wondering who did it.
They persuaded him to give up smoking.
Sarah was determined to score good marks in the ?nal exam.
二、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空
The play (produce) next month aims mainly to re?ect the local culture.
I still remember (take) to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
He told us whether (have) a picnic was still under discussion.
All of them try to use the power of the workstation (present) information in a more effective way.
They use computers to keep the traf?c (run) smoothly.
All the staff in our company are considering (go) to the city centre for the fashion show.
Please do me a favour— (invite) my friend Mr Smith to Youth Theatre at 7:30 tonight.
The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle (hear).
Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. (attend) the ceremony of the 50th anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.
David threatened (report) his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.
三、单句改错
He preferred to surf the Internet, but his parents told him not.
Who will be the ?rst one to living on Mars is still a mystery.
No one can be sure what man will like in a million years.
One day I saw him swam in the river without others’ help.
He considered to go to study abroad in the next autumn.
As for the weekend, he suggested to take children to the zoo.
He admitted to have done wrong to his best friend.
I meant telling you about the new plan yesterday, but you were not in the of?ce.
I’m so busy at the moment that I have to put off to shop this afternoon.
I cannot understand her to refuse the offer from Harvard Business School.


一、用方框内所给单词的适当形式填空
understand
express
catch
employ
argue
find
break
speak
operate
make
meet
persuade
lock
tell
go
It’s standard practice for a company like this one a security of?cer.
your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only it didn’t ?t.
The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself.
Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier into small pieces.
I got to the of?ce earlier that day, the 7:30 train from Paddington.
The engine just won’t start. Something seems wrong with it.
Having ?nished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.
This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
I remembered the door before I left the of?ce, but forgot to turn off the lights.
We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision at the meeting will in?uence the future of our
company.
If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but an even greater challenge.
George returned after the war, only that his wife had left him.
It’s no use with my husband about money. He won’t take your advice.
While shopping, people sometimes can’t help into buying something they don’t really need.
二、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空
Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time (pass) the exam.
Every year about 70% of high school graduates in Jiangsu (admit) to universities.
Sorry, I’m too busy now. I can’t help (sweep) the ?oor.
Andrew should apologize to Matthew for (blame) him for the loss of the football game.
The thief avoided the policeman by (leave) from the back window.
They were made (work) twelve hours a day with low pay.
We are all looking forward to (join) the (swim) club soon.
She kept him (wait) for twenty minutes on the freezing cold night.
She ought to (praise) for her heroic deeds.
It’s time for you (reconsider) your decision.
(sleep) late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.

Let those in need (understand) that we will go all out to help them.
Victor apologized for (able) to inform me of the change about his wedding schedule.
—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key (solve) the problem is to meet the demand (make) by the customers.
He pretended (read) an important paper when the boss entered.
三、根据中文提示完成下列句子，每空一词
他招认在游乐场外偷了那辆自行车。
He that bike outside the park.
哈里森被认为是少数几个之前做过木匠的电影明星之一。
Harrison is thought one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before.
我很遗憾地通知您，您的航班已经被取消了。
I you that your ?ight has been .
我记得就在这个办公室见过你。经理把我介绍给同事的时候，你假装在看报。
I remember you just in this of?ce. When the manager introduced me to the colleagues, you
a newspaper.
汤姆躲在了会议室的角落里，避免对这个无望的计划做出任何评论。
Tom hid in the corner of the conference room and on the hopeless plan.
根据一项最新报告，印度正在考虑生产多数人都能负担得起的最便宜的笔记本电脑。
According to a recent report, India is considering the cheapest laptop computer that can be by most people.
你指的是那种很难去掉的难闻的气味吗？
Do you mean the bad smell that is dif?cult ?
这个病人在没有被告知相关风险的情况下同意手术。
The patient agreed to an without of the risks involved.
那个期中考试作弊被抓的学生该受指责。
The student in the mid-term exam is .


一、听下面三段对话，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅读一遍
Where is the woman from?
The woman is from Britain.
The woman is from Russia.
The woman is from America.
What does the man advise to buy for Mary?
He advises to buy a bicycle for Mary.
He advises to buy a pen for Mary.
He advises to buy a book for Mary.
What will Jenny do this evening?
Jenny will go to the park.
Jenny will play basketball.
Jenny will work at a bookstore.
二、听下面两段对话，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，每段对话读两遍
听第四段材料，回答第4至6题。
When did they meet last?
They met very recently. B. They met years ago. C. They met last month.
What is the woman’s job?
She is a doctor. B. She is a teacher. C. She is an assistant teacher.
What does the woman tell the man?
She wants to get a master’s degree in Education.
She has eaten at the restaurant before.
She is thinking about becoming a writer.
听第五段材料，回答第7至10题。
How does the boy feel?
He feels unhappy B. He feels angry. C. He feels proud.
What does the woman tell the boy?
High school will be different.
He should try to be like everyone else.
He will have a better time in college.
What is the woman’s attitude?
She is strange but understanding.
She is critical but not mean.
She is calm and accepting.
Where does the conversation probably take place?
It probably takes place in a classroom.
It probably takes place in the kitchen.
It probably takes place in a college dorm.


一、根据所给提示，完成下面的短文
Hotlines have become (1) c in China. Some radio stations use hotlines to (2) e the listeners to take part in the talk shows.
That’s a good idea. Yet, the fact is that some people do nothing (3) b break the whole performance.
Some people know little about the topic (4) (正在讨论的). Sometimes they do not even know (5) (主持人在谈论什么), so the host has to tell the caller what the show is about. Usually the caller will ask a few questions (6) (表达愿望) and show his ignorance. Then the host has to answer and explains how silly they are! It wastes a lot of time. To let the listeners hear them, they don’t care what the topic is, (7) (无论是否) they themselves are interested in it or how silly they appear to be.
I’m totally (8) b by those people and their boring questions. It’s necessary for radio stations to improve the hotline programmes and some necessary measures should be taken step by step. (9) (根据我 的理解), if a caller doesn’t know what is going on, the operator should not let the caller (10) (参加) it.
二、根据Task部分所学的要点，完成作文
假如你是Mary，你的朋友Jane写信与你讨论友谊的问题。请写一封100词左右的回信，谈谈你对友谊的认识。要求内容包括以下几个要点：
人和人、人和动物都能产生友谊；
朋友能提供精神（spiritual）和物质（physical）上的帮助；
朋友有好坏之分，友谊也有真假之别；
结论自拟。
Dear Jane,
Glad to have received your letter. In your letter you said you would like to talk about
Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,
Mary


一、根据课文“Teenagers’ friendships”完成下面的思维导图，每空一词
二、根据课文“Teenagers’ friendships”判断下列句子正误，错误的句子请改正
( ) 1 Both boys and girls have a lot to talk about with their best friends.
( ) 2 According to studies, girls have more friendships than boys.
( ) 3 Boys can easily name a best friend when asked.
( ) 4 If a boy has a best friend, they seem to share much about their feelings.
( ) 5 A girl’s best friend might be the ?rst to tell her about something good or bad that has happened in her life.
( ) 6 There is no friendship between boys because their friendship is based on activities.
三、根据课文“What friendship means to me”的内容及所给首字母提示，完成下面的短文
Many people (1) c money, security and comfort to be most important in life. I treasure friendship very much, (2) t .
First of all, friends can keep us company and (3) a from loneliness. Once during my trip, I had a day to do some (4) s in Beijing all by myself. Seeing other tourists having their pictures (5) t together, I soon felt lonely. I realized that we did need a (6) c to share life with.
Besides, we can (7) r on a friend, especially in times of emergency. Last year, I lost all of my notes for the ?nal exam and I (8) p a lot. I can never forget it was because of my best friend Jenny’s help that I was able to deal with the trouble.
Friendship also means being (9) c to others. We have to learn patience and mercy to be a good friend. We
may have a quarrel with a friend. We should learn to forgive and make an apology ?rst.
In (10) c , when we are old and look back on our lives, we will remember our friends.


一、根据首字母或中文提示完成下列句子
Kelly prayed that the judge would show m on her in the court.
The a is made up of two rooms and a kitchen.
Mary shows a very positive a towards life though she is disabled.
After he broke his neighbour’s window, he made a quick a .
My English teacher explains grammar rules without p in class.
Employers may become more c about taking on new staff because of the decline of economy.
Migrant workers are e to get home before the Spring Festival every year.
There’s no point in q with others when disagreements appear.
—I can’t understand why they are so unfriendly to me.
—Oh, out of (忌妒).
This group is (尽心尽力的) to helping the children in poor areas.
The head teacher should be (体贴的) to the needs of the students.
She was making some (复习) for the coming exam.
When and where to meet must be kept secret for reasons of (安全).
The (话题) of this meeting is about air pollution in big cities.
They were too slow to (回应) to our call for help.
二、用方框内所给单词和词组的适当形式填空
keep one’s word
base ... on
rely on
have different attitudes towards
imagine
be cautious about
be eager to
regardless of
make the acquaintance of
be anchored in
Friendship mutual respect and understanding.
This special school accepts all disabled students, educational level and background.
Different people life.
The river is seriously polluted, which is not good news for the people who it for water.
The writer his novel a true love story, which moved a lot of readers.
He asked us to lend him money, for he go abroad for further study.
I Lucy through his introduction three years ago.
We’d better believe him because he is always .
I can’t the life without electricity.
When travelling, you should your luggage.

三、阅读下面的短文，根据内容回答问题或完成句子
Anne’s best friend
Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or just can’t understand what you are going through? To solve the problem, Anne Frank made her diary her best friend.
Anne lived in Amsterdam (阿姆斯特丹) in the Netherlands (荷兰) during World War II. Her family was Jewish so
they had to hide or they would be caught by German Nazis (纳粹). She and her family hid away for two years before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend of Anne was her diary. She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place for over a year.
Thursday 15 June, 1944 Dear Kitty,
I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound (着了迷的). That’s changed since I was here.
... for example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare to open the window. Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering (雷鸣的) clouds held me entirely in their power. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face ...
… Sadly … I am only able to look at nature through the dirty curtain before the very dusty window. It’s no pleasure looking at nature through these any longer, because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.
Yours, Anne
How long did Anne Frank and her family live in the hiding place before they were discovered?
According to Anne, a true friend is a person .
Why did Anne say that she had grown crazy about nature?
Anne didn’t dare to open the window when the moon was bright because .
According to the passage, when were Anne and her family probably caught by German Nazis?


周练习 1 Welcome to the unit ~ Grammar and usage
一、根据中文或首字母提示完成下列句子
It means your friend has (背叛) you or let you down.
There have been a few (分歧) between the two parties.
Will you (发誓) not to tell anyone else?
He felt g when he was told the man he had knocked down had died.
Don’t be so s ! I was only joking.
I a him into going to school, even though he didn’t want to.
It’s c of the boss to treat the man like that.
Hold your knife and fork in this m .
二、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空
I regret (inform) you that you have failed the exam.
Do remember (book) tickets for the cinema tomorrow.
It’s no use (cry) over spilt milk.
Would you mind (buy) me a bottle of water?
I didn’t mean (hurt) you by saying that.
When I came in, I saw the doctor (examine) a patient.
I can’t stand (see) my friend lose heart.
The mother didn’t know who (blame) for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
The novel (base) on a touching story is popular with young students.
We felt (puzzle). What on earth did they want to do?
He gave us a lot of information, but none of it was of (practice) value.
—Can I smoke here?
—Sorry. We don’t allow (smoke) here.
It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when (question) at the meeting by my boss.
(determine) to give up smoking, he threw away his (remain) cigarettes.
He didn’t feel like (work), so he suggested (spend) the afternoon in the garden.
She reached the top of the hill and stopped (rest) on a big rock.
三、完形填空
When high school started, Becky and I became best friends. We 1 many interests and quickly became inseparable. When high school ended, we both cried 2 we would attend different colleges in the fall.
Our ?rst term of university life was 3 . We had a telephone bill and our e-mails were incredibly long. In the

second term I found some new friends with whom I felt very 4 . These were friends with whom I could be myself and 5 out my feelings. I was eager to share my new friends with Becky.
When Becky ?nally visited me at my school, we were excited. She 6 a toy bear to me as a present and told me about her college life. However, something unexpected happened when I 7 her to my new friends. Her eyes grew dark and I could see the 8 within them. My new friends tried to share their friendship, but Becky seemed 9 to accept it. I didn’t understand 10 the people I loved most couldn’t love each other.
Becky 11 . I knew she was not happy. I thought long about what had happened. After many unanswered questions, I understood that she was 12 . She saw me with my new friends and 13 that we no longer shared the same experiences. She saw all the fun I was having 14 her and wished she could be a part of it. She wished she could be in their position.
I wrote a letter to Becky 15 she’s always my best friend. I told her everyone had friends from home and friends from school, and all the friends were indeed life’s greatest 16 . Becky wrote me back soon. She was in 17 and felt sorry about what she had done.
I think Becky and I both learn an important lesson from it. 18 can in?uence our friendship and change the experiences we’ve shared. We are now walking on two different paths of 19 . While new friends are special and exciting, old friends are always there, 20 to share their heart and soul, no matter how far apart.
1
A. showed
B. developed
C. protected
D. shared
2
A. because
B. unless
C. although
D. while
3
A. modern
B. peaceful
C. normal
D. hard
4
A. anxious
B. comfortable
C. familiar
D. strange
5
A. ?gure
B. make
C. pour
D. hold
6
A. brought
B. returned
C. donated
D. recommended
7
A. admitted
B. mentioned
C. introduced
D. referred
8
A. concern
B. doubt
C. curiosity
D. hurt
9
A. cautious
B. unwilling
C. ashamed
D. calm
10
A. how
B. why
C. that
D. whether
11
A. started
B. remained
C. left
D. smiled
12
A. aggressive
B. jealous
C. angry
D. proud
13
A. regretted
B. wondered
C. promised
D. proved
14
A. for
B. from
C. without
D. across
15
A. recognizing
B. predicting
C. imagining
D. explaining
16
A. gift
B. spirit
C. achievement
D. sign
17
A. sympathy
B. agreement
C. surprise
D. disappointment
18
A. Nothing
B. Anything
C. Something
D. Everything
19
A. happiness
B. success
C. research
D. life
20
A. choosing
B. waiting
C. planning
D. demanding

四、阅读七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to make friends
Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many bene?ts. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leave us without a friend.
1 But for many of us the process is dif?cult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to
make and keep friends.
Associate with others.
The ?rst step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people.
Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.
Start a conversation.
Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 2 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.
3
Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.
Let it grow.
It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would possibly wear him or her out and ?nally you may lose your friend. 4 The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.
Enjoy your friendship.
The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 5 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be.
Be cheerful.
Do things together.
Do not wait to be spoken to.
Try not to ?nd fault with your friends.
Making new friends comes easy for some people.
For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.
So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.
1 2 3 4 5


一、改写同义句，每空一词
If you go with me, you will see your favourite ?lm star at the opening ceremony.
with me, see your favourite ?lm star at the opening ceremony.
She promised to write to me now and then in the new semester.
She a to write to me now and then in the new semester.
It was very dif?cult to list the names of all the victims in the train crash at this point. It was very dif?cult to all the victims in the train crash at this point.
Do you mind if I open the window?
Do you mind the window?
Though the weather was bad, they still went out and helped the farmers with their farm work.
the bad weather, they still went out and helped the farmers with their farm work.
Where we could raise so much money for Project Hope is the biggest problem for us at present.
Where so much money for Project Hope is the biggest problem for us at present.
The little boy who likes painting is very interested in different colours and patterns.
The little boy who likes painting is different colours and patterns.
I apologized to him because I hadn’t returned the book to him on time.
I to him because I hadn’t returned the book to him on time.
二、根据括号中所给中文提示完成下列句子，每空一词
Their friendships (基于) common interests.
In order to watch the football match last night, he stayed at home all the afternoon and did his homework
(不停歇地).
The hotline may get busy during the night hours, but so long as you (坚持不断地尝试) you will eventually (接通).
Good friends usually have a lot to (彼此分享).
He (感到焦虑不安) because he (担忧) the results of the math exam.
Don’t (默默忍受痛苦) when you meet with problems. Just try to call Teen
Talk for advice.
He continued speaking (不顾) my feelings and objection on the matter.
(多亏) your advice, I mended the troubled friendship with Tom, and now we are still close friends.
Failing again and again in the driving test never me (使……泄气) trying.
My teacher often kindly helps me my (解决问题) with English studies.
三、阅读理解
In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair-weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money

or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities of character, especially understanding, honesty and reliability (可靠).
Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person’s place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener.
At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me.
Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favour, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me.
There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. We would enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humour too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me.
When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I’ve found a good friend!
According to the author, the most important quality in choosing a friend is .
understanding B. honesty
C. reliability D. a sense of humour
If you have fair-weather friends, .
they will give you all that they have when you need help
you will be refused when you get into trouble
you will become rich
you can be sure that you get real friends
Good friends need to .
always point out each other’s mistakes B. be helped with money
C. understand each other’s feelings D. have money or luck
This passage mainly discusses .
the qualities of a friend B. where to choose friends
C. how to get along with friends D. the importance of having a friend
What’s the best title for the passage?
How to choose a friend B. My best friend
C. A good friend in my mind D. Four qualities of a good friend
Healthy relationships are fun and make you feel good about yourself. The relationships that you make in your teenage years will be a special part of your life. They will teach you some of the most important lessons about who you are. This small passage may help you understand different kinds of relationships, what makes each relationship special, and how to communicate in a positive way.
What makes a relationship healthy?
Communication and sharing: The most important part of any healthy relationship between two people is being able
to talk and listen to each other. You and the other person can ?nd out what your common interests are. You can share

your feelings with the other person and trust that he or she will be there to listen to you and support you. In healthy relationships, people don’t lie. Communication is based on honesty and trust. By listening carefully and sharing your thoughts and feelings with other people, you show them that they play an important part in your life.
Respect and trust: In healthy relationships, you learn to respect and trust important people in your life.
Disagreements may still happen, but you learn to stay calm and talk about how you feel. Talking calmly helps
you understand the real reason for not getting along. It makes it much easier to ?gure out how to ?x it. In healthy relationships, working through disagreements often makes the relationship stronger. In healthy relationships, people respect each other for who they are. This includes respecting and listening to yourself and your feelings so you can set boundaries (分界线) and feel comfortable. You will ?nd that you learn to understand experiences and feelings of others as well as having them understand your experiences and feelings.
How do I know that I have a healthy relationship with someone?
You know that you are in a healthy relationship with someone because you feel good about yourself when you are around that person. Unhealthy relationships can make you feel sad, angry, scared or worried.
Healthy peer (同龄人) relationships involve an equal amount of giving and taking in the relationship. In unhealthy
relationships, there is an unfair balance. You may often feel that you are giving the other person more attention than that he or she gives to you.
You should feel safe around the other person and feel that you can trust him or her with your secrets. In a healthy relationship, you like to spend time with the other person, instead of feeling that you have to spend time with him or her.
This passage aims to help you understand all the following EXCEPT .
different kinds of relationships B. different kinds of people and occasions
C. how to communicate in a positive way D. what makes each relationship special
To have a healthy relationship, you should NOT .
talk and listen to each other B. have common interests
C. disagree and quarrel with each other D. take as much as you give
When disagreements appear, you learn to stay calm because .
talking calmly helps you understand the real reason for not getting along
talking calmly makes it much easier to ?gure out how to ?x them
working through disagreements often makes the relationship stronger
all of the above
Which of the following relationships is healthy?
You feel upset when you are around someone.
You like to talk to your friend and listen to him or her.
Giving without taking.
You feel that you are forced to spend time with him or her.
The passage implies (暗示) that .
it’s easy to establish a good relationship with someone
you don’t need to give anything to make relationships healthy
healthy relationships need money, time, energy and care
mutual respect and trust lead to strong relationships

四、书面表达
以一位编辑的口吻给下文写一封回信。
Use the following points to help you:
Make an effort to change the situation.
Start talking to people about what you all like.
Join in other people’s discussion.
Show your interest in their talk.
注意：1 回信须包括所有要点；
词数100左右；
回信开头已写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Annoyed girl,
If I’m reading you correctly, your problem is like a circle.
Ralph

词汇点击
debate
【原文】Today’s debate question is, ‘The economy or the environment—must we choose?’ (Page 22)
【解析】名词debate意为“辩论，争论”。如：
After a long and heated debate, the committee approved the bill.
经过漫长而又激烈的辩论，委员会通过了议案。
debate也可作动词用，常用表达有：debate sth. 讨论某事；debate about/on/upon sth. 对某事展开辩论；debate with sb. about/on/upon sth. 与某人争论某事。如：
What are you debating (about)? 你们在争论什么？
I debated with Mary about this problem. 我和玛丽争论这个问题。
【拓展】debater n. 争论者，参加讨论者
【辨析】debate, argue & discuss
debate 多指在公开、正式的场合进行的辩论或争论，双方各自陈述理由，“交锋，往返”的意味较浓。如：
They will debate the question tomorrow. 他们明天将辩论这个问题。
argue 指一方坚持自己的意见、立场和观点，通过争论企图说服对方。如：
They are always arguing with each other about money. 他们对于钱的问题争论不休。
discuss 指为了解决问题或弄清对方的观点而进行的讨论、磋商。如：
Have you discussed the problem with anyone? 就这个问题你有没有和任何人讨论过？
open the ?oor
【原文】Then we will open the ?oor for discussion. (Page 22)
【解析】句中 the floor 的意思是“（在会上的 ) 发言权”。常用的短语有：open the floor 自由发言；get/have/be given the floor 取得发言权；hold the floor 长篇大论地发言。如：
They opened the floor for discussion without delay. 他们立即开始了自由讨论。
Dale was delighted to know that he had managed to gain the floor in the next conference.
戴尔很高兴地得知他已获准在下一次会议上发言。
As usual, she held the floor for most of the meeting. 和往常一样，会议的大部分时间是她在发言。
?ow
【原文】Other types of waste ?ow into our water, killing river and sea life. (Page 22)
【解析】动词?ow的意思是“流动”，也可引申为“流畅”之意。如： It’s here that the river ?ows down into the sea. 河流在这里入海。Conversation ?owed freely throughout the meal. 席间大家一直谈笑甚欢。

【拓展】?ow n. 流，流动 (+ of)
My question interrupted his ?ow of thought. 我的提问打断了他的思绪。
lay
【原文】These boats catch large numbers of ?sh without giving them time to lay eggs. (Page 22)
【解析】lay的意思是“下（蛋），产（卵）”。如：
A turtle lays many eggs at a time. 乌龟一次下许多蛋。
【拓展】对lie和lay这两个词的用法和形式，很多同学混淆不清。下面对它们的拼写形式及意义进行比较：
原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
中文意思
lie
lay
lain
lying
躺；位于……；在于……
lay
laid
laid
laying
放置；铺设；下（蛋）
lie
lied
lied
lying
说谎
如：A boy lying under the tree lied that the hen had laid an egg.
一个躺在树下的男孩撒谎说母鸡生了一个蛋。
【巩固】 The next morning she found the man in bed, dead.
lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A。根据语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作宾补，补充说明宾语the man；再根据宾语the man对于动词lie来说应是主动关系，lie这个动作与谓语动词found同时进行，由此判断，这里应该用动词lie的现在分词形式，是“躺”的意思。
cut back on
【原文】It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the number of things we make and buy. (Page 22）
【解析】短语cut back on意为“削减，缩减”，相当于cut down on。如：
Try to cut back/down on foods containing too much fat and sugar.
要尽量少吃脂肪和糖分含量过高的食品。
After the big job was ?nished, the builder cut back/down on the number of men working for him.
这项大工程完成以后，建筑商削减了工人的数量。
【拓展】与cut相关的短语有：cut across 走捷径；cut away 切除，剪掉；cut in 插嘴，干预；cut off 切断，停掉；cut down 削减；砍倒；cut up 切碎
【巩固】I was just talking to Margot when Jackson .
cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up
答案：A。
what if; run out (of)
【原文】What if they run out? (Page 25)
【解析】(1) What if ...? 意为“如果……将会怎么样？”如：
What if he doesn’t agree? 如果他不同意该怎么办呢？
(2) 短语run out意为“用完，耗尽”。如： The oil in the car has run out. 汽车的油耗完了。
但要表示“耗完某物”，则要用短语run out of。如上句可改为： We have run out of the oil in the car.
【巩固】—I’m still working on my project.
—Oh, you’ll miss the deadline. Time is .
A. running out B. going out C. giving out D. losing out
答案：A。从miss the deadline可知，时间快要用完了。run out 用完；go out 熄灭；give out 分发；耗尽；lose
out 得不到。

impress
【原文】As a result, you impressed the audience. (Page 31)
【解析】动词impress意为“使印象深刻，留下了深刻的印象”，可作及物动词和不及物动词。 如：
What impressed me most was their brave spirit. 给我印象最深的是他们的无畏精神。
The Great Wall never fails to impress. 长城让人叹为观止。
impress的被动式be impressed很常用，后可接with或by。如：
I was greatly impressed by/with the headmaster’s speech. 我被校长的话深深地感动了。
结构impress on/upon sb. sth.或impress on/upon sb. + that从句表示“铭刻，使某人牢记某事”。如：
My father impressed on/upon me the value of hard work. 我父亲叫我牢记勤奋工作的价值。
His parents try to impress on/upon him that it is necessary to be honest.
他父母尽力让他牢记诚实的必要。
【拓展】impression n. 印象（leave/make an impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象）
con?ict
【原文】Many people think that economic development and environmental protection con?ict with each other.
(Page 31)
【解析】动词con?ict意为“冲突，抵触”，该词也可用作名词，意为“矛盾，冲突”。如：
The accounts of the witnesses con?ict with each other.
= There is a con?ict between the accounts of the witnesses. 证人的话相互抵触。
【拓展】come into con?ict with, be in con?ict with 与……矛盾∕冲突；con?ict with 与……冲突，与……战斗
range
【原文】Nor is it good news for the wide range of ?sh and wildlife that live in or along the river. (Page 38)
【解析】名词range可表示“范围，区域；一系列”等。如：
a wide range of interests 广泛的兴趣；outside the range of human knowledge 在人类知识范围之外；the whole range of history 整个历史；the annual range of temperature 每年的温度变化范围；a wide range of knowledge 广博的知识；the range of one’s voice 音域
作动词时，range表示“（在一定范围或幅度内）变动；排列”。如：
The children’s ages range from 8 to 15. 这些孩子的年龄在8到15岁之间。
The representatives ranged themselves around the table. 代表们依次在桌子周围就座。
【拓展】与range相关的短语：beyond the range of ... 超过……的范围；within the range of ... 在……范围之内
It is beyond the range of my ability. 这件事超出了我的能力范围。
under way
【原文】Two special government projects are also under way. (Page 38)
【解析】短语under way意为“进行中”。如：
The project is now well under way. 这一项目现正顺利进行。
【拓展】含有way的常用短语有： by way of 经由（某地）；in a way 从某种意思上说；in the way 妨碍；
by the way 顺便说；give way to 退让；just the other way 恰恰相反；put it another way 换句话说；in no way 决不，无论如何都不；in any way 无论如何
【巩固】用含有way的短语填空：
If you want to go to Hong Kong, you can get there Guangzhou.
, your suggestion is hard to carry out.
Preparations for the ?ght against the coming ?oods are well .
Instead of helping us, I found them just .
, could you tell me how to get to the hospital?
答案：(1) by way of (2) In a way (3) under way (4) in the way (5) By the way

appreciate
【原文】The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much-loved river will be appreciated for
years to come. (Page 38)
【解析】动词appreciate意为“欣赏；感激；领会”。如：
You can’t really appreciate foreign novels in translation. 看翻译作品不能真正欣赏外国小说（的精髓）。
I’d appreciate it if someone helps. 如有人帮忙，我将不胜感激。
We failed to appreciate that he was seriously ill. 我们没有意识到他病情严重。
【拓展】appreciation n. 欣赏，感谢；appreciative adj. 欣赏的，感激的
Please accept the present in appreciation for all you have done for us.
请接受这个礼物，以感谢你为我们所做的一切。
His boss was very appreciative of his efforts. 他的老板对他的努力很赞赏。
electrical
【原文】Cars and other vehicles burn petrol in their engines, and electrical power plants most often burn fuels such as coal and oil in order to produce electricity. (Page 39)
【解析】注意比较electrical、electric和electronic：
electrical意为“电学的，与电有关的”，指与电有关的事物，被修饰的词本身并不能带电。如： electrical engineering/equipment 电力工程∕电力设备
All the electrical work was done by my younger brother. 所有的电工活都由我弟弟来干。
electric意为“靠电来工作的，导电的，发电的”。如：
electric fan/bell/torch/light/current/power 电风扇∕电铃∕电筒∕电灯∕电流∕电力
electric可用于比喻，意为“像电一样使人震惊的，高度刺激的”。如： The room became electric with amazement. 满屋子的人震惊得目瞪口呆。
electronic意为“电子的，和电子有关的”。如：
The dictionary is available in electronic form. 这部词典有电子版。
consume; let off
【原文】Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off. (Page 39)
【解析】(1) 动词consume意为“用尽，消耗，花费”。如：
The car consumes a lot of fuel. 这辆汽车很费汽油。
【拓展】consumer n. 消费者
(2) 短语let off的意思是“排放；宽恕，放过；开（枪），放（炮、烟火等）”。如： The locomotive suddenly let off steam. 火车头突然放出蒸汽。
Although he drove too fast, the policeman let him off just with a warning. 尽管他开车太快，那个警察还是放过了他，只是对他警告了一下。The children are letting off the ?reworks outside. 孩子们在外面放烟火。
【拓展】与let相关的常用短语：let alone 不管，不打扰；let an opportunity slip 坐失良机；let by 让人过去， 给……让路；let down 放下；使失望；减速；let go 放开；释放；发射；let out 放掉；泄露；放大；出租
absorb
【原文】Last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen. (Page 39)
【解析】动词absorb有“吸收；吸引；耗费；理解，掌握”等多种含义，常见用法有：absorb one’s attention
吸引某人注意力；be absorbed in (doing) 专心于（做）……。如：
The ?lm has totally absorbed the children’s attention. 影片完全吸引了孩子们的注意力。
She was so absorbed in her novel that she didn’t hear the noise. 她全神贯注于她的小说，没有听到嘈杂声。
【拓展】类似be absorbed in结构的短语还有：be lost in 陷入……；be caught in 被困在……；be buried in 埋头

于……；be involved in 专注于……；be occupied in 忙于……
句型精析
Other types of waste flow into our water, killing river and sea life. (Page 22)
【解析】分词短语 killing river and sea life 在该句中作结果状语。如：
European football is played in over 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.
八十多个国家开展欧式足球运动，使其成为世界上最受欢迎的体育运动。
动词不定式