Unit 2 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ.用适当的引导词填空
1．The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong.
2．The continent that/which consists of two countries is developing very fast.
3．The suggestion that we should learn something practical is worth considering.
4．Word comes that he has been elected monitor of our class.
5．The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.
6. What I cannot understand is that she wants to resign her present job.
7．The news that he has been elected president of the organization is true.
8．The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all.
9．I am very interested in how he improved his English in such a short time.
10．They didn't follow the advice that she help us repair the house at once.
11．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.
12．The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.
13．The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.
14．We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.
15．The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.
Ⅱ.找出下列句中的同位语
1．This is Harry，director of our hospital.
director of our hospital
2．We both come from Hunan.
both
3．We Chinese are brave and hardworking.
Chinese
4.You three take these seats.
three
5．He enjoys the exercise, swimming in winter.
swimming in winter
6．He says that the computer town was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them “people-literate”．
to bring computers to people and make them “people-literate”
7．People，old and young, went to the streets to watch the parade.
old and young
8．I have no idea that you were here.
that you were here
9．The news that our team has won the match is true.
that our team has won the match
10．The order soon came that all the soldiers should go to the front.
that all the soldiers should go to the front
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．There was a suggestion that Brown must be dropped from the team.
must改为should
2．I have no idea that he will come back.
that改为when或whether
3．The question if it is right or wrong depends on the result.
if改为whether
4．He had the feeling when he could not see her again.
when改为that
5．The order soon came all villagers should leave the village.
came后加that
Unit 2 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．He hasn't made up his mind whether he will go there.
→He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there.
2．In many parents' opinion, teenagers shouldn't spend too much time online.
→Many parents hold the view that teenagers shouldn't spend too much time online.
3．Modern science has proved that smoking can lead to many disease.
→Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.
4．She works hard.The fact is well known to us all.
→ The fact that she works hard is well known to us all.
5．Did he suggest that we start our work right away?
→Did he make a suggestion that we start our work right away?
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．They were all very much worried about the fact that you were ill (你病了)．
2．Early in the day came the news that Germany declared war on that country (德国对那国宣战)．
3．The question who will do the work (谁来做这个工作) requires consideration.
4．The news that the plane would take off on time (飞机按时起飞) made everybody happy.
5．He gave a proposal that we get rid of the bad habits (我们应该摒弃不良习惯)．
6．The question whether he can finish the work within two days (两天内他是否能完成工作) remains unknown.
7．Mom promised to buy me a nice gift for my birthday, something beyond my imagination (一些超出我想象的东西)．
8．She expressed the hope that she would write a novel (她会写一本小说) someday.
9．The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent (杰克为什么缺席)．
10．He put forward the question where the meeting would be held (在哪里举行会议)．
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
It's about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers' home in Minnesota.During the long trip home，following a weekend of hunting，Ehlers 1.C about the small dog he had seen 2.B alongside the road. He had 3.A to coax (哄) the dog to him but，frightened，it had 4.D .
Back home，Ehlers was troubled by that 5.C dog.So，four days later，he called his friend Greg，and the two drove 6.C .After a long and careful 7.D ，Greg saw，across a field，the dog moving 8.A away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.Nervousness and fear were replaced with 9.B .It just started licking (舔) Ehlers' face.
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 10.B as lost in the local paper.The ad had a 11.B number for a town in southern Michigan.Ehlers 12.A the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 13.C their dog.
Jeff had 14.A in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog，Rosie，but the gun shots had scared the dog off.Jeff searched 15.D for Rosie in the next four days.
Ehlers returned to Minnesota，and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan.“It's good to know there's still someone out there who 16.A enough to go to that kind of 17.B ，” says Lisa of Ehlers' rescue 18.C .
“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as 19.D to it as I am to my dogs，”says Ehlers.“If it had been my dog，I'd hope that somebody would be 20.D to go that extra mile.”
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位男士帮助素不相识的人找回走失的狗的故事，体现了和谐的人际关系。
1．A．read B．forgot
C．thought D．heard
解析：上下文语境题。根据空格前面的“During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting”可知，在漫长的回家旅途中，经过一个周末的狩猎，Ehlers正驱车回家。再根据后面的“the small dog he had seen...frightened, it had 4 ”可知，他本想把他遇见的那条狗哄到身边来，但是狗受到惊吓跑了，因此他在回家的路上一直想着(think)那条狗。
2．A．fighting B．trembling
C．eating D．sleeping
解析：下文语境题。与后面的frightened呼应，此处表示那条狗正在路边发抖(tremble)。
3．A．tried B．agreed
C．promised D．regretted
解析：下文语境题。结合后面的“to coax(哄) the dog to him but, frightened, it had 4 ”可知，本来Ehlers试图(try)把那条狗哄到身边来，希望帮助它。但是却没有成功，狗因为受到惊吓跑掉了。agree to do sth.同意做某事；promise to do sth.许诺做某事；regret to do sth.很遗憾要去做某事。
4．A．calmed down B．stood up
C．rolled over D．run off
解析：上文语境题。but表示转折，虽然Ehlers想把狗哄到身边来，帮助它，但是狗由于害怕，跑掉了(run off)，此处也与下文的lost等呼应。calm down平静下来，镇定下来；stand up站立；roll over翻转。
5．A．injured B．stolen
C．lost D．rescued
解析：上文语境题。根据上文的“but, frightened, it had run off”可知，那条狗跑掉了，因此Ehlers被那条走失的(lost)狗弄得心烦意乱。
6．A．home B．past
C．back D．on
解析：上文语境题。根据本段的第一句“Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that lost dog.”可知，Ehlers回家了，但是他被那条走失的狗弄得心烦意乱，所以，四天后， 他叫上他的朋友Greg，开车回去(back)寻找那条狗。
7．A．preparation B．explanation
C．test D．search
解析：上下文语境题。结合前面的“After a long and careful”和后面的“Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving 8 away”可知，经过长时间的仔细搜索(search)，Greg看见了那条狗。preparation准备；explanation解释；test测试。
8．A．cautiously B．casually
C．skillfully D．angrily
解析：上下文语境题。根据第一段最后一句中的“frightened”和下文的“nervousness and fear”可知，那条狗受到惊吓，感到紧张不安和恐惧，因此当Greg看见它的时候，它正小心谨慎地(cautiously)移动。casually随便地；skillfully巧妙地，精巧地；angrily生气地。
9．A．surprise B．joy
C．hesitation D．anxiety
解析：上下文语境题。根据空格前面的“nervousness and fear were replaced(紧张不安和恐惧被取代了)”以及后面的“It just started licking(舔) Ehlers' face.(它就开始舔Ehlers的脸)”可知，它的不安和恐惧被快乐(joy)取代。surprise惊讶；hesitation犹豫；anxiety焦虑，忧虑。
10．A．predicted B．advertised
C．believed D．recorded
解析：下文语境题。结合后面的“as lost in the local paper”及“the ad”可知，一位当地的农场主告诉他们这条狗好像是在当地报纸上登了广告的(advertise)走失的狗。
11．A．house B．phone
C．street D．car
解析：下文语境题。根据后面的“number for a town in southern Michigan”和“the number of Jeff and Lisa”以及生活常识可知，寻狗启事上应该有电话(phone)号码。
12．A．called B．copied
C．counted D．remembered
解析：下文语境题。根据后面的“the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 13 their dog”可知，Ehlers打电话 (call)告诉Jeff和Lisa，即狗的主人，他发现了他们的狗。
13．A．fed B．adopted
C．found D．cured
解析：上文语境题。根据前面的“Ehlers 12 the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them”并结合生活常识可知，Ehlers当然是打电话告诉狗的主人，他发现(find)了他们的狗。
14．A．hunted B．skied
C．lived D．worked
解析：下文语境题。根据后面的“in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie，but the gun shots had scared the dog off”可知，Jeff带着他的狗Rosie在Iowa打猎(hunt)，但是枪声把狗吓跑了。
15．A．on purpose B．on time
C．in turn D．in vain
解析：上下文语境题。 结合上文Ehlers发现了Rosie和本句“Jeff searched 15 for Rosie in the next four days.”可知，Jeff找了四天，也没有找到他的狗，即徒劳无功(in vain)。 on purpose故意；on time按时；in turn依次，轮流。
16．A．cares B．sees
C．suffers D．learns
解析：上下文语境题。分析本句中的“says Lisa of Ehlers' rescue”可知，这句是狗的女主人Lisa赞美Ehlers的话。她认为有人能够关心(care)一条狗，真是一件好事。
17．A．place B．trouble
C．waste D．extreme
解析：上下文语境题。结合上文Ehlers邀请朋友Greg帮助寻找那条狗，并且根据“Ehlers returned to Minnesota, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan.”可知，他还回到Minnesota，又开车100英里到了Minneapolis，在那里让Rosie登上了飞往Michigan的航班，这都说明他为那条狗大费周折(trouble)。place地方；waste浪费；extreme极端，极度。
18．A．service B．plan
C．effort D．team
解析：上文语境题。上文提及Ehlers邀请朋友Greg一同寻找那条狗，他还回到Minnesota，又驱车100英里到了Minneapolis，在那里让Rosie登上了飞往Michigan的航班，这都说明Ehlers为了Rosie做出了很多努力(effort)。
19．A．equal B．allergic
C．grateful D．close
解析：上文语境题。Ehlers认为无论是谁丢失了狗，都很可能像他对待自己的狗一样亲近(be close to)它。
20．A．suitable B．proud
C．wise D．willing
解析：上下文语境题。分析本句“If it had been my dog, I'd hope that somebody would be 20 to go that extra mile.”可知，Ehlers认为，如果他的狗走丢了，他希望有人愿意(willing)不怕麻烦地去帮助寻找他的狗。be suitable to do sth.适合做某事；be proud to do sth.做某事很自豪；be wise to do sth.做某事是明智的。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
(2019·北京卷)
By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton.Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen.When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend.Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century.In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener.“Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter？Phytoplankton are the base of the food web.If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean，Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.”Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable，but they could mean significant changes.“It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，”Dutkiewicz said，“but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。
1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about？ B
A．The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B．The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C．The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D．The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
解析：段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案；气候变化又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所减少，导致海洋表面的颜色变化。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜色变化的原因，故B项正确。
2. What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ A
A．Sensitive. B．Beneficial.
C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.
解析：词义猜测题。后一句提到，气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅需要阳光和二氧化碳，也需要营养。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故A项正确。
3. What can we learn from the passage？ D
A．Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B．Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C．Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D．Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
解析：推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到这些浮游植物是海洋食物链的基础，如果某些种类的浮游植物消失了，会影响能存活的鱼的类型，从而影响海洋食物链，所以A项“浮游植物在海洋生态中所起的作用越来越小。”是不对的；Dutkiewicz的模型不是用来推断浮游植物的变化的，而是推断海洋的变化的，排除B项；浮游植物不是用来控制全球气候的，排除C项。由文章第四段信息“But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener.”可知浮游植物多的区域海水会变得更绿，故D项正确。
4. What is the main purpose of the passage？ C
A．To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B．To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C．To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D．To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
解析：主旨大意题。文章主要论述了随着气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，即气候变化对海洋有影响，故C项正确。
B
Scientists in Argentina have created the world's first cow to own two human genes that will enable it to produce human-like milk, which is matchless up to now.It is a breakthrough in the area of clone.
Genetic engineering was used to introduce the “mothers' milk” genes into the animal before birth, according to the National Institute of Agribusiness Technology in Buenos Aires.
As an adult, the cloned cow “will produce milk that is similar to that of humans”， which will prove “a development of great importance for the nutrition of infants”， as it is said in a statement.
“The cloned cow, named Rosita ISA, is the first one born in the world that owns two human genes that contain the proteins present in human milk，” the statement said.
In April, scientists in China published details of research showing that they had created GM Holstein dairy cows which produced milk containing proteins found in human breast milk.
But the Argentine team says the Chinese only introduced one human gene, whereas their research involved two genes, meaning the milk will more closely resemble that of humans.
Rosita ISA was born on April 6 and was delivered by Caesarean section because she weighed around 100 pounds, roughly twice the normal weight of Jersey cows.
Adrian Mutto, from the National University of San Martin said, “Our goal was to raise the nutritional value of cows' milk by adding two human genes, the protein lactoferrin and lysozyme，which can provide newly-born babies with anti-bacterial and anti-viral (抗病毒) protection.”
Cristina Kirchner, President of Argentina, said that the scientific institute “makes all Argentines proud”．She also revealed that she had rejected the “honor” of having the cow named after her.“They came to tell me that the name is Cristina, but what woman would like to have a cow named after her? It appeared to me to be more appropriate to call it Rosita.”
文章大意：文章介绍了阿根廷科学家通过添加人类基因的方式培育出了能生产“类人乳”的牛。这是基因工程的一项突破。
5. What can we know about Rosita ISA according to the passage？ A
A．Its milk has larger nutritional value than others'.
B．It is the first cow with a human gene.
C．It is as heavy as Jersey cows.
D．Its milk has the same proteins as human breast milk.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句“...the world's first cow to own two human genes...”可知，B项中的a human gene错误；根据第七段“...twice the normal weight of Jersey cows.”可知C项错误；根据第六段“...the milk will more closely resemble that of humans.”可知，这种奶只是与母乳相似，故D项错误；根据第四段可知，该克隆牛所产牛奶和母乳相似，而且根据倒数第二段可知，它所产的奶在提供婴儿所需的营养方面有重大的进步。故选A项。
6. Lactoferrin and lysozyme in milk D .
A．can offer more proteins in cow milk
B．help provide more milk from cow
C．can increase the production of milk
D．are good for babies' health
解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“...the protein lactoferrin and lysozyme，which can provide newly-born babies with anti-bacterial and anti-viral(抗病毒) protection.”可知，牛奶中的乳铁蛋白(lactoferrin)和溶菌酶(lysozyme)可以为婴儿提供抗菌和抗病毒的保护，对婴儿的健康有好处。故选D项。
7. We can infer from the last paragraph that C .
A．it is hard to name the cow
B．the president wants the cow named after her
C．honorable as it is, no women like the cow named after them
D．Cristina Kirchner objects to creating the cloned cow
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第三句“...but what woman would like to have a cow named after her？”可知，该反问句表示肯定意义，表示没有一个女人愿意一头牛跟自己姓。故选C项。
8. What would be the best title of the passage？ B
A．Scientists in Argentina Could Produce Human Milk
B．Scientists Create a Cow That Produces “Human” Milk
C．The Cloned Cow Would Bring About Benefits
D．How Was the Cloned Cow Born?
解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段第一句提出“Scientists in Argentina have created the world's first cow to own two human genes that will enable it to produce human-like milk，which is matchless up to now.”，下文围绕该主题进行阐述。由此可知，本文主题是科学家培育出了一头能生产“类人乳”的牛。故选B项。
Ⅴ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.One afternoon where I was in primary school，I was walking by the school playground.Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.To everyone's surprising，the ball went into the net.All the football player on the playground cheered loudly，say that I had a talent for football.From now on，I started to play my football with classmates after school.I am a good player now.
答案：
I became in playing football thanks to a small accident.One afternoon I was in primary school，I was walking by the school playground.Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.I stopped the ball and kicked it back to the playground.To everyone's ，the ball went into the net.All the football on the playground cheered loudly， that I had a talent for football.From on，I started to play my football with classmates after school.I am a good player now.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为一次小“意外”而喜欢上足球运动的故事。
解析：
1．考查形容词。become interested in“变得对……感兴趣。”
2．考查定语从句。one afternoon是表示时间的名词，后面的定语从句应用when引导。
3．考查冠词。此处是泛指“一个足球”，应用不定冠词a。
4．考查连词。“一个足球正好落在我面前”与“差点儿打到我”之间是顺承关系，故用并列连词and。
5．考查副词。此处表示“用力把足球踢回操场”，应用hard(adv.用力地)。hardly意为“几乎不”。
6．考查固定搭配。to one's surprise“令某人惊讶的是”。
7．考查名词的数。根据前面的all可知，player应用复数形式players。
8．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，cheered是谓语动词，say前没有并列连词and等，所以say只能用非谓语动词形式，主语与say之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。
9．考查句意。文章讲述的是过去发生的事情，应该用from then on，意为“从那时起”。from now on意为“从现在起”。
10．考查固定搭配。play football“踢足球”。
课件51张PPT。Unit 2 Cloning Section Ⅱ Learning about Language 自 主 预 习Ⅰ.单词速记
1．_______________ (n.) 宪法，章程
2．__________ (adj.) 必须做的，义务的，强制的
3．__________ (vt.) 欠……；归功于……→__________ 因为，由于
4．__________ (vt.) 打扰，打搅→近义词：__________ 打扰，打断
5．retire(vi.)退休→retirement(n.)退休
6．__________ (n.)假定，设想→__________ (v.) 假定，设想
7．__________(n.) 规则，规章constitution compulsory owe owing(to) bother interrupt assumption assume regulation Ⅱ.短语互译
1．_____________以失败告终
2．__________ 把……归功于……
3．_________________回顾
4．_______________患病
5．_______________ 麻烦去干某事
6．________________使(动物)无痛苦地死去
7．_______________ 一定或注定做……end in failure owe...to... look back on develop a disease bother to do sth. put sth. to sleep be bound to do... Ⅲ.语法感悟
用适当的引导词填空，并判断从句类型
1．It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities；this is the information __________ has been put forward.(__________)
2．I can't stand the terrible noise __________ she is crying loudly.(__________)
3．She heard a terrible noise, __________ brought her heart into her mouth.(__________)
4．The thought came to him __________ maybe the enemy had fled the city.(__________)which/that 定语从句 that 同位语从句 which 定语从句 that 同位语从句 5．Mary wrote an article on __________ the team had failed to win the game.(__________)
6．Mary wrote an article on __________ the team thought was the reason for their losing the game.(__________)
7．Along with the letter was his promise __________ he would visit me this coming Christmas.(__________)
8．John left word with my deskmate __________ he would call again in the evening.(__________)why 宾语从句 what 宾语从句 that 同位语从句 that 同位语从句 9．Have you got any idea __________ will take over our company？(__________)
10．Here comes the question __________ we should do with so much e-waste.(______________)who 同位语从句 what 同位语从句 合 作 探 究①Have you paid me back the money you owed me yet?
你欠我的钱还给我了吗？
②I owe you an apology for my rudeness last night.
昨天晚上我太粗鲁了，应该向你道歉。
③I owe it to you that I am still alive.
幸亏有你我现在才仍然活着。
④He owes his success to his hard work.
他把自己的成功归功于辛勤的劳动。1．owe vt.欠(钱，账，人情等)；把……归功于；归功于……重 点 词 汇owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物
owe sth.to sb./sth.把某事归功于某人/某物
owe it to sb.that...把……归功于某人
owing to 由于；因为
表示“由于，因为”的短语：thanks to, due to, because of, on account of, as a result of
They decided to postpone the trip, owing to the change of the weather.
由于天气变化，他们决定延期启程。
注意：due to一般不位于句首。单句语法填空
①I owe __________ to my teacher that I have made great progress in English.
②Many people have asked how I learned to speak English fluently，and I owe most of it __________ my being an English teacher in college for years.
③He still owes us $100 __________ the goods he bought last month.
④__________(owe) to the speeding up of urbanization(城市化) and improvement of living standards，people's consumption patterns have changed in the last few years.
解析：句意：由于城市化的加速和生活水平的提高，在过去的几年里，人们的消费模式已经改变了。it to for Owing ①I am sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time?
对不起，打扰了，请问现在几点？
②Don't bother him with it now；he's very busy.
现在不要拿这个东西去打扰他，他很忙。
③Does it bother you that she earns more than you?
她比你挣的钱多，你是不是觉得不自在？
④It bothers me to think of her alone in that big house.
想到她孤零零地待在那个大房子里我便坐立不安。2．bother vt. 打扰；使担忧；使烦恼n. [U]麻烦[C]令人烦恼的事/人⑤I didn't want to put you to any bother.
我不想给你添乱。
⑥I hope I haven't been a bother.
希望我没打扰你。bother作“麻烦，烦扰”讲时，是不可数名词；作“引起麻烦的人或事物”讲时，是可数名词。
×Did you have any bothers in finding the house?
√Did you have any bother in finding the house?
你是不是费了许多神才找到那房子的？bother to do sth.费心去做某事
bother about sth.为某事烦恼
bother sb.with sth.为某事麻烦某人
be sorry to bother you, but...很抱歉打扰你一下，但是……
put sb.to any bother给某人添乱
without any bother毫不费力地
It bothers sb.that/to do sth.使某人苦恼的是……bother, disturb, 与interrupt
(1)bother指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。
The problem has been bothering me for weeks.
那问题已经困扰了我几个星期。
(2)disturb较正式用词，多用于被动语态。指使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。
I'm sorry to disturb you so early.
对不起，我这么早打扰你。(3)interrupt意为“打扰，打断”，侧重打断某个活动的进程，使其不能进行下去。
He interrupted to state that he had seen no evidence of this.
他插话说，他没有见到过这方面的证据。单句语法填空
①—Shall I pick you up tonight?
—No, thanks.Don't bother __________ (come); I can take a taxi.
②I'm so sorry to have bothered you __________ so many questions on such an occasion.
单句改错
③We had a lot of bothers in repairing the machine.
bothers→bother
④His lazy son is quite bother to him.
bother前加ato come with/about 选词填空(bother/interrupt/disturb)
⑤I can't __________ him with my little affairs.
⑥The child continually __________ the class.
⑦Please don't __________ me when I am speaking.bother disturbed interrupt Li Na, a famous Chinese tennis player, retired from tennis in 2014.
李娜，一位著名的中国网球运动员，于2014年从网球队退役。3．retire v. 退休；退出比赛；离开retire from 从……退休/退役
retire as 作为……而退休
retired adj. 已退休的，已退职的
retiree n. 退休人员，退休者
retirement n. 退休，引退
①I have decided to retire and hand over the heavy load of responsibility to you three.
我已决定退休，把责任重担移交给你们三个人。②Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.
Leroy Chiao, 54岁，一名四次飞行后退休的美国宇航员，他描述了甚至在你从座位上飘出前所发生的事。
单句语法填空
①He would miss the paycheck each week, but he wanted __________ (retire)．
解析：考查不定式。句意：虽然他每周可能会没有工资，但是他想要退休。want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”。
②At the age of 66, he retired __________ business and devoted the rest of his life to charity work.
解析：考查介词。句意：66岁时，他从生意上退休，把余生都献给慈善工作了。retire from...意为“从……退休”，符合题意。to retire from ③So in 1983 I went to work as a clinical adviser, treating __________ (retire) soldiers who suffer from post-war stress syndrome.
解析：考查形容词。句意：所以在1983年我做了一名临床顾问，治疗遭受到战后应激综合征的退伍士兵。根据语境“战后”推知“退役的”。故用retire的形容词形式。retired ①Look at the sky.It's bound to rain this afternoon.
看看天空，今天下午一定会下雨。
②There are bound to be changes when the new system is introduced.
引进新系统后一定会发生变化。
③You've done so much work that you are bound to pass the exam.
你下了这么大的工夫，你一定会通过这次考试的。be bound to(do)．..一定或注定(做)……重 点 短 语④I feel bound to tell you that you're drinking too much.
我觉得有必要跟你说，你喝得太多了。
⑤In a group as big as this, you are bound to have disagreements.
在这么大的一群人中，你一定会遇到不同意见。be bound to sth.被束缚于某物；被绑在某物上
be bound to do sth.一定会；有义务做某事
be bound (for...) 准备(去……)
be bound up in 热心于；忙于
be bound up with 与……有密切关系单句语法填空
①There is no doubt that you are bound __________(have) an accident if you drive so fast down the motorway.
②His future is bound up __________ that of the company he works for.
③It is getting late.My friends and I are all bound __________ home.
单句改错
④Unless you admit a mistake and take responsibility for it，you are bound to making the same one again._______________to have with for making→make 单 元 语 法同位语
一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词(或起类似作用的其他形式)，对前者进一步说明它指的是谁，是什么等，那么这一部分就叫做同位语。同位语与被它补充说明的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 它可以是单词、短语或从句。Ⅰ.同位语的表现形式
1．通常用逗号将同位语与其所修饰的先行词隔开， 表示一种普通的同位关系。
①This is Mr.Black, director of our hospital.
这是布莱克先生，我们医院的院长。
②She is a good teacher, the friend of yours.
她是一位好老师，也是你们的朋友。2．有时也可用破折号或冒号引导同位语。用破折号，停顿较长，对同位语起强调的作用；用冒号，停顿最长，强调的作用更大。
①The orphan's daily necessities—clothes, food, etc.—are supplied by a kind-hearted teacher.
这名孤儿的日常用品——衣服、食物等等——由一位好心肠的老师提供。
②In a sense, nouns can be divided into two kinds: the countable noun and the uncountable noun.
在某种意义上，名词可分为两类：可数名词和不可数名词。3．有时， 同位语之前带有引导词，表示同位成分之间的特殊意义。常见的同位语引导词有as, or, chiefly, especially, for example, for instance, in short, mainly, mostly, namely, that is, in particular, in other words, including, that is to say, such as, say, particularly, what, which, who, when, where, why, how, that, whether等。
①Only one person can do the job, namely you.
只有一个人能做这项工作，那就是你。
②You can buy fruit here, for example, oranges and bananas.
你可以在这里买水果，例如柑橘和香蕉。4．另外，无须借用任何引导词或标点符号，而将同位语直接置于先行词之后。
①I have the honor to introduce John's sister Jane to you.
我很荣幸地向你介绍简，约翰的妹妹。
②Tom gave his friend John a book.
汤姆给了朋友约翰一本书。Ⅱ.用名词、代词或数词及其短语作同位语
同位语有限制性和非限制性两种，限制性同位语和前面的词关系比较密切，中间不能停顿；非限制性同位语与前面的词关系比较疏散，常用逗号把它们分开，表示略有停顿。
①We teachers should be responsible for this.
我们老师应该对此负责。(名词作同位语)
②Mr.Robson，our head teacher，is from Canada.
罗布森先生，我们的校长，来自加拿大。(名词作非限制性同位语)③They each put forward a proposal.
他们每个人提出了一个建议。(代词作同位语)
④You may leave it to us two.
你可以把它留给我们两个。(数词作同位语)
注意：多数的同位语都属于限制性同位语。Ⅲ.同位语从句
1．同位语从句跟在一个名词后，对其作进一步解释。能跟同位语从句的名词常见的有：announcement，belief, discovery，doubt, excuse, fact，fear，hope，idea, knowledge，news, order, promise, problem, proof, proposal, possibility, question, reply, remark, reason, report，rumour，story, suggestion, thought, truth 等。引导同位语从句的连词最常用的是that，除此之外还有how, when, where, why, whether等。
①The announcement that a new airport was to be built nearby aroused immediate opposition.
说要在附近建造新机场的通告马上引起了反对。
②The suggestion that shops should open on Sundays led to a heated discussion.
关于商店星期日也应该营业的提议，引起了激烈的争论。2．为了保持句子平衡，同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面。
①The story goes that William Tell killed the tyrant with an arrow.
传说威廉·泰尔用箭射死了暴君。
②Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind.
突然我有一种顾虑：他可能会瞎。
3．在表示建议、命令、请求、主张、目的、愿望等名词后面的同位语从句中，谓语动词必须采用虚拟语气结构，即：(should＋)v.
①He gave orders that the work(should)be started immediately.
他发出指示要立即开始工作。
②Her suggestion is that we(should)give up the plan.
她建议我们应该放弃这个计划。Ⅳ.同位语从句和定语从句的差异
1．定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中担任某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
①Have you forgotten about that money(that)I lent you last week?
你忘了上星期我借给你的钱了吧？(定语从句)
②The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
他想到可能是玛丽生病了。(同位语从句)2．定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述先行词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
①The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。(定语从句)
②The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.
汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。(同位语从句)单句语法填空
①(2019·新课标Ⅰ卷)While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence __________ they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：虽然在北纬88度以北很少到他们，但是有证据表明他们在整个北极地区活动，向南甚至远至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容且不缺少句子成分，故填that。that ②(2019·江苏卷)Scientists have obtained more evidence __________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。
③(高考真题改编)The manager put forward a suggestion __________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导，that不作成分，只是起着连接的作用。that that ④(2018·天津卷改编)The possibility __________ there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：宇宙中其他星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。根据句子结构可知从句不缺任何成分，所以用that引导。that ⑤(高考真题改编)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea __________ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：——麦克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，是真的吗？——是的，但是我不清楚他为什么这么做，耶鲁大学是他喜欢的大学之一。why引导的从句作idea的同位语，由句意可知表示原因，故填why。why ⑥(高考真题改编)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief __________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
解析：考查同位语从句的引导词。句意：高层次的成功的唯一方法就是要相信在体育运动方面你比任何人都要强。分析结构可知，此处 belief后接了同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，所以用that引导。that ⑦(高考真题改编)Evidence has been found through years of study __________ children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：几年的研究证明：孩子们的早期睡眠问题在成年后很可能继续。空格后的同位语从句句意完整，故用that引导。
⑧(高考真题改编)The notice came around two in the afternoon __________ the meeting would be postponed.
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：下午大约两点通知会议将被延期。空格后面的句子说明了notice的具体内容，是同位语从句，从句语意完整， 故用that引导。that that
