Unit 2 Section Ⅲ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．S hortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were arrested.
2．As students, we should obey school r egulations/rules .
3．Don't b other him with such silly questions；he is busy receiving foreign guests now.
4．His suggestion sounds quite r easonable to most of us.
5．I just can't r esist chocolate.
6．They have just finished the decoration (装饰) of their bathroom.
7．It's not necessarily a bad thing to adore (崇拜) film stars.
8．The initial (最初的) response has been encouraging.
9．One can't learn a language well merely (仅仅) by learning rules of its grammar.
10．Our assumption (设想) that we would win was wrong at last.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．We tried in vain to catch the butterfly on the flower.
2．Fashion designers are always changing styles of dress from time to time to make more money from ladies.
3．To avoid accidents, it's important to check that all your tools are in good condition before starting.
4. Don't lie to your father; he is bound to find it out sooner or later.
5．In this story, Shakespeare was brought back to life but can't fit in with modern society.
6．I took a day off work because I didn't want to pass on my flu to everyone in the office.
7．This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.
8． Shortly after you left, a man came into the office looking for you.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．Owing to lack experience, he does not do the thing well. lack→lacking
2．With the crowds cheered, they drove to the palace. cheered→cheering
3．I have enough to deal with.Don't bother to me with your problems. 去掉第二个to
4．Something is bound to happening one way or another to solve the problem. happening→happen
5. It strikes to me that nobody is really in favor of the changes. 去掉to
6．The bank strongly resisted cut interest rates. cut→cutting
7．He made a promise whether he would give up smoking. whether→that
8．The kitchen needs to be cleaned, but the flat is on good condition. on→in
Unit 2 Section Ⅲ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. He couldn't resist (抵抗) laughing at the sight of the funny comic.
2. She picked a large bunch of flowers for table decoration (装饰)．
3．We adore (崇拜) him for his noble character.
4. The great drawback (缺点；不利条件) to living on a main road is the constant noise.
5. When asked, she confirmed that she was going to retire (退休)．
6. Lots of people don't bother (操心) to go through a marriage ceremony these days.
7. Economists are working on the assumption (假设) of an interest rate cut.
8. Many workers went on a strike (罢工) for better living conditions.
9. I think our offer is reasonable (合情理的) and realistic.
10. The brain accounts for merely (仅，只，不过) three per-cent of body weight.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The news that the housing price will fall has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.
房价将要下跌，这个消息致使许多人低价抛售他们的房屋。
2．I insisted on an answer to the question whether he was coming or not .
我坚持要求回答他是否来的问题。
3．It's hard to make a decision who would be the proper person in charge of the factory.
很难做出决定，谁是能够管理这个工厂的合适人选。
4．Next comes the question what you want it for .
下面有一个问题：你要它干什么用。
5．The suggestion whether we should set up a company needs great consideration.
我们是否要成立公司的这个提议需要慎重考虑。
Ⅲ.完形填空
One winter morning my husband, my son, and I went out to McDonald's.We were standing in line，waiting to be 1.B , when all of a sudden everyone around us began to 2.C away, and then even my husband did.
As I turned around to see 3.A they had moved I smelled a 4.D “dirty body” smell, and there standing behind me were two 5.B homeless men.
As I looked down 6.A the short gentleman close to me, he was“smiling”．The second man fumbled(摸索) with his hands as he stood behind his 7.B .I realized the second man was 8.A challenged and he had to depend on the first gentleman 9.C .I held my tears as I stood there with them.
The young lady at the counter 10.D him what they wanted.He said，“Coffee is all, Miss.”Obviously，that was all they could 11.C .If they wanted to sit in the 12.B and warm up，they had to buy something.They 13.B wanted to be warm.
I 14.C and asked the young lady behind the counter to give me two more breakfast meals on a 15.D tray (托盘)．I then walked around the corner to the table that the men had chosen as a(n) 16.A spot.I put the tray on the table and laid my hand on the short gentleman's 17.D hand.He looked up at me with 18.B in his eyes and said, “Thank you.”As I walked away to 19.A my husband and son，my husband smiled at me and we held hands for a moment.
That day I 20.C my husband, son, and all the people at McDonald's in my own way.We learned one of the biggest lessons：unconditional acceptance.
文章大意：本文讲述的是作者一家人在吃早餐时看到的一幕感人故事，从而引发作者所做的一系列事情。关爱和帮助需要我们每个人都身体力行。
1．A．fed B．served
C．watched D．welcomed
解析：作者一家人去麦当劳吃早餐，所以是排队买吃的东西，等着得到“招待”。
2．A．run B．look
C．walk D．take
解析：从下文可知，这两个流浪汉身上有股难闻的味道，所以大家往后退，避而不及。
3．A．why B．where
C．when D．how
解析：“我”转过身想看个究竟，大家为什么会纷纷让开。
4．A．pleasant B．familiar
C．different D．horrible
解析：根据句中的“dirty body”等信息可知，因为是很脏的体味，当然非常难闻。
5．A．short B．poor
C．polite D．rude
解析：从下文情节可知，既然是无家可归的人，所以“我”判断这两个流浪汉很穷。
6．A．at B．upon
C．for D．in
解析：look at看……。
7．A．brother B．friend
C．neighbor D．assistant
解析：这是两个相依为命的流浪汉。
8．A．mentally B．physically
C．completely D．hardly
解析：从“The second man fumbled(摸索) with his hands”和“he had to depend on the first gentleman”来看，“我”认为第二个人有精神障碍。
9．A．buying B．standing
C．living D．earning
解析：根据上文中的“I realized the second man was 8 challenged”可知，他精神不正常，只能依赖第一个人生活。
10．A．gave B．told
C．showed D．asked
解析：从第一个流浪汉的回答“Coffee is all，Miss.”来看，女服务员是问他们要些什么。
11．A．have B．order
C．afford D．need
解析：他们很穷，只想在这里取暖，所以“我”想，很显然，他们只买得起一杯咖啡。
12．A．shop B．restaurant
C．teahouse D．hotel
解析：文章开头“One winter morning my husband，my son，and I went out to McDonald's.”就告诉我们是在麦当劳吃饭，所以应是餐馆。
13．A．perhaps B．just
C．directly D．immediately
解析：从上一句“they wanted to sit in the 12 and warm up”可知，在这个寒冷的冬日，他们不是想在这里来吃饱肚子，而只是想来暖和一下。
14．A．agreed B．whispered
C．smiled D．nodded
解析：“我”是从女服务员那里买东西，所以是有礼貌地对对方“微笑”。
15．A．clean B．big
C．same D．separate
解析：另两份早餐“我”是买给那两个流浪汉的，所以“我”叫她分开放在另外一个盘子上。
16．A．resting B．eating
C．chatting D．protecting
解析：他们想在这里取取暖，所以选个座位坐下来是把桌子当成了休息的地方。
17．A．thin B．black
C．dirty D．cold
解析：这是一个寒冷的冬天的早晨，他们来麦当劳借买杯咖啡想暖和下身子，可推知此时他的手冰冷。
18．A．fears B．tears
C．surprise D．shock
解析：从他答“谢谢”可知此时他眼里充满了感激的泪水。
19．A．join B．find
C．meet D．visit
解析：“我”走开然后回到丈夫和儿子中间。
20．A．changed B．encouraged
C．touched D．answered
解析：从上段末句“we held hands for a moment”和本段末句“We learned one of the biggest lessons”可知“我”以自己的实际行动让丈夫、儿子还有当时在麦当劳的所有人大为感动。此处touch意为“感动”。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Life and work are filled with problems to be solved, or as we say these days, challenges to be overcome.There are a number of approaches to help us with problem-solving in business and in our life.Using one or more of these techniques can help us do so efficiently.But some problem-solving techniques are complex and require a lot of learning before we can use them well.Here is one of the simplest approaches, a five-stage process that often leads to success.
The first stage is to define the problem in detail.Part of the definition ought to be the reason why the problem arose in the first place.Once we are satisfied that the problem is well-defined, we are ready to look for a solution.
The second stage is the search for alternative courses of action that will solve the problem.Here we try to find multiple potential solutions to the problem.This step may involve doing some researches or asking others what they think.Look for likeness or how similar problems have been solved in the past.The important thing is to come up with alternative solution—at least two or three.
The third stage is to study each alternative solution and to identify the relative advantages and disadvantages of each course of action.One alternative might be quicker but cost more than the other solutions.Another might be less expensive but require more time and energy.Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative is critical to choosing the best solution.
The fourth stage of this process is to select and carry out the best solution.Criteria (标准) for choosing may include a rough cost-benefit analysis or simply your comfort level after carefully considering your alternatives.
The fifth and final stage is monitoring the outcome of your chosen solution.Did it work? Did you achieve success? If yes, that is great! If not, it's back to the first stage.
文章大意：“如何高效解决问题”是人们常常思考的一个问题。本文作者就如何高效解决问题提出了自己的观点。
1．If the problem-solving technique is very complex， D .
A．you should use it for your problem
B．you'd better consult with experts
C．you must give it up at the beginning
D．you should make a study about it at first
解析：细节理解题。文章第一段倒数第二句提到，在采用复杂的解决问题的方法之前，要对其进行学习和研究，故选D项。
2．The key of the third stage is A .
A．to study the advantages and disadvantages of the solutions
B．to choose the quickest solution
C．to try every alternative solution
D．to find a cheaper problem-solving technique
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，第三步的关键是分析每一种解决问题的方法的利弊。
3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the text？ C
A．You should note the outcome of your chosen solution.
B．You should define the problem in detail at first.
C．The less expensive solution is the first choice.
D．A cost-benefit analysis may be useful for choosing the best solution.
解析：正误判断题。根据第四段可知，第三步中只提到了有的方法可能省钱，但却耗费时间和精力，并没有说省钱的方法就是首选，故选C项。
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text？ A
A．How to Solve Problems Efficiently
B．The Best Way to Solve Your Problems
C．Five Ways of Solving Your Problems
D．Problems Filling Work and Life
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了五个有效地解决问题的步骤，故A项为最佳标题。
Ⅴ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence 1.that they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2.poorly (poor) studied；however，biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 3.of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive 4.to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 5.have reported (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a 6.belief (believe) that populations are increasing.Scientists have responded by 7.noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements，leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are 8.higher (high) than they actually are. Of 9.the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six 10.are (be) stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极熊种群数量越来越少、亟须保护的现状。
解析：
1．考查同位语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。
2．考查词性转换之形容词变副词。修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。
3．考查介词。a method of/for doing sth.“做某事的方法。”
4．考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
5．考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语in recent years可判断用现在完成时。
6．考查词性转换之动词变名词。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填believe的名词形式belief(看法，信念)。
7．考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词时，应用其动名词形式。by doing sth.“通过某种方式”。
8．考查形容词比较级。根据空格后的than可知，此处应用high的比较级形式higher。
9．考查冠词。此处特指确认的19个亚种群，故用定冠词the。
10．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；six指代six polar bear subpopulations，谓语动词应用复数。
Ⅵ.短文改错
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Since I was a kid，I've considered different job I would like to do.First，I wanted to be a fireman，whose uniform looked so coolly.Then，when I was in the five grade，I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much.When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.They were two reasons for the decision.One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
答案：
Since I was a kid，I've considered different I would like to do.First，I wanted to be a fireman，whose uniform looked so .Then，when I was in the grade，I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher much.When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsidered my goal decided to be a doctor. were two reasons for the decision.One was that I was at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.And the other that I wanted to help people in need.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者希望未来从事的职业以及喜欢各个职业的原因，弘扬了热爱工作、热爱劳动的精神。
解析：
1．考查名词的数。形容词different(不同的)后跟名词的复数形式。
2．考查形容词。连系动词look后跟形容词作表语。
3．考查数词。“上五年级”有两种表达方式：in the fifth/5th grade或in Grade 5/Five。
4．考查副词。too much表示“太多”，而very/so much表示“非常”，此处表示“我非常喜欢我的英语老师”。
5．考查介词。in/at high school“在高中”。
6．考查连词。reconsidered和decided这两个动作是递进关系，故or改为and。
7．考查固定句型。此处是There be句型。
8．考查形容词。amazed吃惊的，惊讶的；amazing令人吃惊的，令人惊讶的。-ed形容词说明人的感受，意为“感到……的”，-ing形容词描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，此处说明主语I的感受，故用-ed形式的形容词。
9．考查形容词比较级。本句中better本身已经是比较级，前面只需要much来修饰，表示程度，more在本句中多余。
10．考查动词的时态。文章整体行文都是过去时态，此处也是叙述过去发生的事情，所以也用过去时态。
课件75张PPT。Unit 2 Cloning Section Ⅲ Using Language自 主 预 习Ⅰ.单词速记
1．__________ (v.)打；撞击；罢工→__________(过去式)→_____________ (过去分词)
2．__________ (adj.)虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的→__________(n.)自负；虚荣心；无意义
3．__________ (vt.)抵抗、对抗→____________ (n.)→__________ (adj.)
4．__________ (adv.)仅；只；不过→__________ (adj.)
5．__________ (n.)装饰→__________ (vt.)strike struck struck/stricken vain vanity resist resistance resistant merely mere decoration decorate 6．__________ (vt.)崇拜；爱慕；喜爱→__________ (n.)崇拜者；赞美者；热爱者
7．__________ (adj.)合情理的；讲道理的；公道的→__________(n.)理由；道理adore adorer reasonable reason Ⅱ.短语互译
1．使……刻骨铭心 _________________________
2．experiment with/on sth.____________________
3．from time to time_______________
4．使复生；使复活_______________
5．白费力气；枉费心机__________
6．把……传给……_______________
7．状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)_____________________strike...into one's heart 用/对某物进行实验 不时，偶尔 bring back to life in vain pass on...to... in good/poor condition Ⅲ.课文理解
First 略读主旨
Skimming for the main information
What is the main idea of the text？__________
A．It proves the return of the dinosaurs.
B．It shows the history of cloning dinosaurs.
C．“The return of the dinosaurs”is either impossible or unsuitable.
D．“The return of the dinosaurs” is an exciting story.CSecond 细读细节
1. The writer of the text __________.
A．is excited by the possibility of cloning fierce and extinct animals
B．believes that extinct animals can be brought back to life by cloning
C．thinks it impossible or unsuitable to clone extinct animals like dinosaurs
D．dreams of dinosaurs returning to the earth
2．The film Jurassic Park is popular because __________.
A．people are interested in the subject of cloning
B．it was directed by a scientist who clones dinosaurs
C．all the actors are dinosaurs
D．it proves very interestingCA3. Which of the following is true according to the text? __________
A．Mice were cloned in 1981.
B．Dolly the sheep was the first cloned animal.
C．The name of the cloned cow is “Bison”．
D．China was successful in cloning mammals.
4．The reasons why a group of cloned animals all die of the same illness do NOT include that __________.
A． they have the same arrangement of genes
B．there isn't enough diversity in the group for it to overcome illnesses
C．the illness is a new one
D．their arrangement of genes can not resist that new diseaseDC5．We can infer from the text that __________.
A．scientists are experimenting to clone dinosaurs
B．dinosaurs will never return to the earth
C．cloned animals will only live in the zoo
D．the DNA of dinosaurs can only survive 10,000 yearsBThird 精读语篇
Have you ever forgotten the film called The Clone Wars? Have the nail-biting actions in the film 1.__________(strike) a mixture of fear and excitement into your heart? But 2.__________ fact we are a long way from being able 3.__________ (clone) extinct animals.Scientists are still experimenting with cloning mammals and the cloning of mammals is still a new science.
From time 4.__________ time people suggest that extinct animals like dinosaurs, can possibly be brought back to life through cloning.5.______________ (fortunate), with what we know now, this is either impossible or 6.__________ (suitable)． struck in to clone to Unfortunately unsuitable if having arrangement merely Fourth 研读难句
1．The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park，in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs，proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people's hearts.
分析：此句为主从复合句。__________引导宾语从句作动词__________的宾语，且how在宾语从句中作方式状语。__________引导定语从句修饰先行词________________，且which在从句中作介词in的宾语。
译文：__________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 在《侏罗纪公园》这部影片中，有一位科学家克隆了好几种不同的绝种恐龙。类似这样的电影很受欢迎，证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。prove which Jurassic Park how 2．Unfortunately，with what we know now，this is either impossible or unsuitable.There are many reasons.
分析：此句为主从复合句。what引导宾语从句作介词__________的宾语，且__________在从句中作动词__________的宾语。
译文：__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________with what know 不幸的是，据我们现在所知，这是不可能的，也是不合适的。 有许多原因。 3．The great drawback to cloning a group of animals is that they would all have the same arrangement of genes and so might die of the same illness.
分析：此句为主从复合句，that引导表语从句。主句中的____________ ________________为后置定语修饰主句的主语_____________________。
译文：__________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________to cloning a group of animals The great drawback 经过克隆的动物群体的最大缺点是：它们的基因排列有可能完全 相同，因而它们有可能会死于同一种疾病。 4．It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they were to live in a zoo.
分析：此句为主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句。句中it为形式主语，__________________________________为不定式作真正的主语。
译文：_________________________________________________________ __________________________________________to clone any extinct animals 如果克隆出任何绝种动物，而它们必须生活在动物园里， 那是不公平的。 5．Based on what we know now，you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.
分析：此句为主从复合句。what引导宾语从句作介词__________的宾语，what在从句中作动词__________的宾语；__________引导定语从句修饰先行词__________，且that在定语从句作主语。___________________________为过去分词短语作状语。
译文：___________________________________________________________ on know that animals Based on what we know now 就我们现在所知，你不可能克隆那些已经绝种了一万年以上的动物。 合 作 探 究(1)v.& n．打；击；撞击；碰撞；袭击；突击
He struck the table with his fist.
他用拳头击打桌子。
(2)vi.& n．罢工
The coal miners struck for better safety conditions.
煤矿工人通过罢工要求改善安全条件。1．strike重 点 词 汇(3)vt.突然想到；猛地意识到；打动；给……印象；让……觉得
①An awful thought has just struck me.
刚才我脑子突然闪过一个可怕的想法。
②She strikes me as a very efficient person.
在我眼里，她是个很干练的人。
(4)v.(钟)敲；鸣；报时
The church clock just struck twelve.
教堂时钟刚刚敲过12点。striker n. 罢工的人
striking adj. 引人注意的
be/go on strike 罢工
It strikes sb.that...某人突然想起……
strike...into one's heart……刻骨铭心
注意：strike可作名词，也可作动词，词义和用法都很丰富，其中作“罢工，突然想到，给……印象”解时的用法是高考常考点；此外，还应注意strike作“打，袭击”时与hit，beat等词的区别。beat，hit和strike表示“打了某人的某个部位”通常说strike sb on/in the＋部位，其中the不可换成sb's。
×I struck him on his head.
√I struck him on the head.
我打了他的头。单句语法填空
①It struck her __________ she could buy her mother a new sweater.
②The old city __________ (strike) by a heavy snow last night.
③The strike has been __________ for more than ten days.
单句改错
④A snowball struck him the back of the head.
him后加on
完成句子
⑤我们队赢得比赛的消息使我们都很兴奋。
The news that our team won the competition __________ excitement __________ our hearts.that was struck on struck into ①She can't resist the hot weather any more.
她再也无法忍受这么热的天气了。
②She couldn't resist laughing when she saw that young man.
当她看到那个年轻人的时候，她忍不住笑了起来。2．resist vt.抵抗；对抗；忍住be hard/impossible to resist 难以拒绝
resist sb./sth.抵抗/抵制某人/某物
can't/couldn't resist doing sth.禁不住干某事
resist doing sth.抵制干某事
resistant adj. 抵抗的；有抵抗力的
be resistant to 对……有抵抗力
resistance n. 抗拒；反对；抵抗力单句语法填空
①This means they can make crops more productive and resistant __________ disease by adding genes from other species.
解析：考查介词。句意：这就意味着通过增加来自其他物种的基因，他们能使庄稼更高产并且对疾病更有抵抗力。resistant to意为“对……有抵抗力”，符合题意。
②Happy people understand that you can't really change a situation by __________ (resist) it.
解析：考查动名词。句意：幸福的人明白，通过抵抗它你不可能真正改变局面。表示方式的介词by后跟动名词。to resisting 单句改错
③Tom couldn't resit to make jokes about his baldness.
to make→making
补全句子
④I don't know __________________________ (怎样抑制我的愤怒)．
⑤The crops are better__________________ (抗病方面更好)．how to resist my anger at resisting disease ①From time to time a helicopter flew by.
空中不时地有直升机飞过。
②The food safety accidents happen from time to time.
食品安全事故时不时地发生。
③While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
他一边看书，一边不时地点头。1．from time to time 不时；偶尔重 点 短 语常见time短语有：
at one time 从前(某个时候)；曾经；一度
at a time 每次；一次
at all times 总是；永远
for the time being 暂时
in no time 很快；立刻
at no time 在任何时候都不；决不
in time 及时；迟早；过了一段时间
all the time 一直；始终take one's time 不着急；慢慢来
kill time 消磨时间
at the same time 同时
ahead of time 提前；提早
race against time 争分夺秒
time and again 一次又一次；重复地
keep time (钟表)走得准补全句子
①Even though the Smiths have moved to a faraway place，we still see them _______________(不时)．
②He went back from the meeting room __________(立刻)．from time to time in no time It is impossible to bring a dead person back to life.
让一个人死而复生是不可能的。2．bring back to life 使复生；使复活bring about引起
bring in 提出；引入，赚得，挣
bring up养育；呕吐
bring out 出版；生产；使显现
bring off 完成，做完(艰难的工作)
bring down 减少；降低
bring back 给……带回；把……送回①Hundreds of small boats set out from ports on the English coast to bring back the soldiers from the beaches of Dunkirk in France.
成百上千的小船从英国海岸的港口出发，把位于法国敦刻尔克海滩的士兵们接回来。
②Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades.
帮助孩子做作业的父母实际上会给孩子带来学业成绩的降低。单句语法填空
①Tourism, while it brings __________ money to a country, can also result in damage to the world heritage sites there.
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：尽管旅游业能给国家赚到钱，但也可能会给那儿的世界遗产造成损坏。bring in意为“赚得；引进”，符合句意。
②I hoped my children would be brought __________in a peaceful and friendly environment.
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：我希望我的孩子在平静友好的环境中被抚养。bring up 意为“抚养；养育”，符合题意。in up ③Marco's mother died when he was young, so he __________ (bring) up by his aunt and uncle.
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：Marco小的时候妈妈就去世了，所以他是被叔叔和婶子抚养长大的。bring up意为“抚养；养育”，符合题意。
④Recently, some kind of pain killer was brought __________,_but researchers found it didn't sell well, because the color made the product looks weak and ineffective.
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：最近，某种止痛药被生产出来，但是研究人员发现这种药销量不好，因为制作的产品颜色看上去淡而无效。bring out意为“生产；出现”，符合题意。was brought out①He tried to save his son from drowning, but in vain.
他试图救他儿子免于溺死，但是徒然。
②All their attempts were in vain.
他们所有的尝试都是徒劳。
③The police searched in vain for the missing gunman.
警察搜寻那个失踪的持枪歹徒，但徒劳无获。
注意：in vain“徒劳，白费力气”，用于句首时句子要用倒装结构。
He tried in vain to memorize the poem.
→In vain did he try to memorize the poem.
他怎么背都没办法把那首诗背出来。3．in vain 白费力气；枉费心机vain adj.虚荣的；徒劳的；自负的
try in vain to do sth.枉费心机地做某事
①They made vain attempts to reach the mountain top.
他们几次尝试登上山顶都失败了。
②He tried in vain to stop smoking.
他怎么努力也无法戒掉烟。完成句子
①他们的努力没有白费。
Their efforts were not __________.
②也许这是徒劳的，但我想试试。
Maybe it is __________,_but I'd like to have a try.
单句语法填空
③His efforts to raise money for his program were__________ vain because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：他为自己的项目筹款的努力付诸东流了，因为没有人愿意掏腰包。in vain表示“枉费心机；徒劳无益；白费力气”。in vain in vain in ①The house was in poor condition.
这所房子状况不佳。
②My car is old but in good condition.
我的车虽旧，但状况良好。
③Keepers said the pandas were in good condition.
饲养员说大熊猫的状态良好。4．in good/poor condition 状况好/差on condition that 在……的条件下；倘若……
I will go abroad on condition that I earn enough money.
如果我挣到足够的钱，我就出国。
in condition 健康状况好；保存得好
working/living conditions工作/生活条件
out of condition 健康状况不好；保存得不好
on this/that condition 在这个/那个条件下
on no condition 绝不
in good shape (植物)状态良好；(指人)身体健康
注意：condition表示“条件；疾病”时为可数名词；表示“健康状况；可使用状况”时为不可数名词；表示“形势；环境”时多用复数形式。用condition的相关短语完成句子
①Although old，my car is kept _________________ and runs well.
②You can use this room for your club activities tomorrow _______________you keep it tidy and clean.
③_____________________can you tell him what happened.
④The building had been_____________________ for years，so we decided to get it rebuilt.in good condition on condition that On no condition out of condition 1．The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people's hearts.
在《侏罗纪公园》这部影片中，一位科学家克隆了几种已绝种的恐龙。类似《侏罗纪公园》的电影很受欢迎证明了这一想法让人觉得既恐惧又兴奋。经 典 句 式本句的主干是The popularity...proves...，句中how引导宾语从句；主句中又包含in which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为Jurassic Park。
The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous.＝The school in which he once studied is very famous.
他曾经就读过的学校很有名。
There are sixty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
我们班总共有60个学生，大多数来自大城市。
注意：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句一般根据三个原则来确定介词：①根据从句的谓语动词；②根据先行词；③根据句子意思。但也有许多考题需要我们把从句补充完整，建立与主句的联系，才能找到这个介词与句中其他部分的关系。用恰当词填空
①She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction __________had taken more than three years.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：她带领游客参观这家博物馆。这家博物馆的建设历经三年多才完工。定语从句中whose＋名词＝of which＋the＋名词＝the＋名词＋of which，由此可知答案为of which。
单句语法填空
②Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of __________ has been proved.of which which (1)本句是简单句，动名词短语having animals...作means的宾语，with复合结构(即“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构)作后置定语，arrange与their genes为动宾关系。2．Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways.
种群多样性是指种群中动物的基因要以不同的方式排列。(3)with复合结构的用法：
作定语
She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides.
她看到一条两岸长着红花和绿草的小溪。
作状语
She left the office with tears in her eyes.
她眼里含着泪，离开了办公室。(表示伴随状况)
With his key lost，he couldn't get into the office.
由于钥匙丢了，他进不了办公室。(表示原因)
The children began to watch TV with the homework done.
孩子们完成作业以后开始看电视。(表示时间)I'd like to see the new film with time permitting.
如果时间许可，我想看那部新电影。(表示条件)
The battle ended with the enemy defeated.
战斗结束了，敌人被打败了。(表示结果)with 复合结构用法口诀
with结构并不难，with后面宾语连，
动宾关系用过分，主谓关系用现分，
将来要把不定跟，还有三种形副介。单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷)China's image is improving steadily，with more countries __________(recognize) its role in international affairs.
解析：考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用with＋名词＋现在分词结构。故填recognizing。
②Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes __________ (close)．recognizing closed ③With Father's Day __________ (draw) near, I have taken some money out of the bank to buy presents for my dad.
④With a lot of work __________(do), he has to stay late tonight.drawing to do 本句是虚拟条件句，且表示的是与将来事实相反的假设。虚拟条件句在不同虚拟条件下，主从句谓语形式一览表：3．It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they were to live in a zoo.
任何绝种的动物，如果一经克隆便注定要生活在动物园里的话，那是不公平的。If he had won the game, he would not have been so sad.
如果他赢得比赛的话，他就不会那么悲伤。
注意：若条件从句中含有were，had，should等，可将if去掉，并把were，should或had提到主语前。
Had you studied hard, you would have passed the exam.
如果你努力学的话，你早已通过考试了。
Should I not take the exam tomorrow, I would go for a picnic with you.
如果明天不考试的话，我就和你一起去野餐。单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷改编)What a pity！You missed the sightseeing，or we _________________(have) a good time together.
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时＋其他，主句：主语＋should(would，could，might)＋现在完成时＋其他，故填would have had。would have had ②(2019·天津卷改编)The workers were not better organized，otherwise they _____________________(accomplish) the task in half the time.
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句“the workers were not better organized”可知，这是对过去事实的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时＋其他，主句：主语＋should(would，could，might)＋现在完成时＋其他。would have accomplished ③(2018·北京卷改编)They might have found a better hotel if they __________ (drive) a few more kilometers.
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if they________ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态。
④(2018·天津卷改编)If we __________ (catch) the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用过去完成时态。had driven had caught ⑤(高考真题改编)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week? If you__________(tell) me, I could have helped.
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：上周你怎么不告诉我你的麻烦呢？ 要是你告诉我， 我可以帮助你的。根据第一句可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时。had told 过去分词短语based on...作状语。介词on后接what引导的宾语从句。句中that引导定语从句，先行词为animals。过去分词作状语的用法主要有：
(1)作原因状语，相当于as，since，because引导的从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。
Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.(Since/As she was given advice by the famous detective...)
有了著名的侦探的指点，这位年轻的女士不再害怕了。4．Based on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.
就我们现在所知，你不可能克隆那些已经绝种超过一万年的动物。(2)作时间状语(相当于when引导的状语从句。如果两个动作同时发生，可在分词前用when，while等使其时间意义更明确。)
When heated, water can be changed into steam.
水加热后可以变成蒸汽。
Discussed (Having been discussed) many times, the problems were settled at last.
在讨论了多次之后，问题终于解决了。(过去分词既表被动又表完成)
Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
从山上看这个公园非常漂亮。(过去分词只表被动)
(3)作条件和假设状语(相当于if，unless引导的从句)
Given more time, we can finish the task on time.
如果被给更多的时间，我们能按时完成这项任务。(4)作方式或伴随情况状语
The hunter left his house, followed by his dog.
猎人离开了屋子，后面跟着他的狗。
She sat by the window, lost in thought.
她坐在窗前，陷入沉思。
注意：分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致，否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑主语(用名词或代词的主格来表示)，这种结构称为独立主格结构。
All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.
积蓄全部用完了，我们就开始找工作。(All our savings gone是包含过去分词的独立主格结构)He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.
他满脸是汗地冲进屋内。(his face covered with sweat是包含过去分词的独立主格结构)单句语法填空
①(2018·北京卷改编) Ordinary soap，__________ (use) correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，________correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词。used ②(高考真题改编)__________(order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
解析：考查过去分词作状语。句意：(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。books和order是动宾关系，即order books/books are ordered，故用过去分词表示被动和完成，在此相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered...，故填ordered。Ordered dinosaurs ever returning to the earth 为“动名词的复合结构”，在句中作介词of的宾语。动名词带上自己的逻辑主语，就构成了动名词的复合结构。其逻辑主语一般由物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格和名词来充当。在口语中，物主代词和名词所有格可分别由人称代词的宾格或名词代替。在句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。
Tom's resisting accepting the invitation upset me.
汤姆拒绝接受邀请，这让我很恼火。(作主语)5．So the chances of dinosaurs ever returning to the earth is merely a dream!
所以说恐龙回归地球的可能性仅仅是个梦想罢了！I object to his making private calls on this phone.
我不赞成他用这部电话打私人电话。(作宾语)
There are many reasons for animals' dying out.
动物灭绝的原因有很多。(作介词宾语)
What is the most important is Tom's going there at once.
最重要的是汤姆立刻去那儿。(作表语)若这一结构放于句首，则只能用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词＋doing...。
John's falling the exam again made the teacher very angry.
约翰考试又不及格使老师很生气。单句语法填空
①I hope you don't mind me __________(call) on you like this，without an appointment.
②The newly-discovered evidence led to the criminal ______________ (sentence) to five years in prison.
③It is difficult to imagine him __________(accept) the decision without any consideration.calling being sentenced accepting 单句改错
④She will never get herself into the state of her children exposed to the slightest possibility of danger.__________________
解析：此处her children与expose之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用v-ing的复合结构的被动式作宾语。
⑤I like this picture that is of my mom and me water the flowers in our garden.______________________
解析：分析句子结构可知，定语从句中已有谓语动词is，故此处water应用非谓语的形式；又因为my mom and me与water之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用v－ing的一般主动式。exposed前加being water改为watering
