Unit 3 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ.用非谓语动词的恰当形式填空
1．Ten years later，when the mother and her daughter met again, excited (excite) tears came into their eyes.
2．Greatly touched (touch) by his words, the boy went up to his teacher，and said “sorry”．
3. Claire had her luggage checked (check) an hour before her plane left.
4．Hurry up.There is little time left (leave)．
5．Alexander tried to get his work recognized (recognize)in the medical circles.
6．I'm calling to enquire about the position advertised (advertise) in yesterday's China Daily.
7．Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken (take) good care of at home.
8. Anxious all the time，I was unable to keep focused (focus) for more than an hour at a time.
9.His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost (lose) in time.
10. The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore, he can go shopping without being recognized (recognize)．
11．The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me，but there only seemed to be powders designed (design) to kill snakes.
12．I placed the frozen (freeze) bowl over the snakes' habitat and the ice-cubes on top of the bowl to keep it cool.
13．The next morning I carried in my hand a small net used (use) for catching fish.
14．The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted (accept) unless they are truly novel.
15．Everybody was shocked (shock) at the news.
16．If you want to make yourself respected (respect)，you are above all to respect others.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.
felt→feel
2．I am awfully tiring，but I know I'll never fall asleep.
tiring→tired
3．Gradually, I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered the college.
interesting→interested
4．I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.
taking→taken
5．Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.
interested→interesting
6．Third, we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath water which is quite a lot, and that will save much water.
using→used
Unit 3 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The freezing (严寒的)weather chilled me to the bone.
2．The greengrocer (蔬菜水果商)tried to sell my wife some overripe fruit.
3．I used my driver's license as i dentification .
4．I can find his telephone number in the telephone d irectory .
5．Put in the money before d ialing .
6．The crops were drowned by the heavy r ainfall .
7．They have imprisoned an innocent (清白的，无辜的)man.
8．The 15th of the first month in the lunar calendar in the L antern Festival.
9．She bears (忍受)pain with great courage.
10．I can not bear the traffic j am .
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．家中养猫我受不了。
I can't bear having a cat in the house.
2．他没作弊。
He is innocent of cheating.
3．我们离开时，气温已降到冰点以下了。
It was well below freezing when we left.
4．自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。
There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.
5．由我带大的她的女儿现在已经开始工作了。
Her daughter brought up by me has begun to work now.
6．那个受到鼓舞的士兵很快就平静下来了。
The inspired soldier soon calmed down.
7．他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论。
He won't like such questions discussed at the meeting.
8．屋外景色迷人，白雪覆盖着大地。
The outside sight looks beautiful with everything covered with snow .
9．他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色。
They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.
10．汤姆听起来对这份工作非常感兴趣，但是我不确定是否他能做好。
Tom sounds very interested in the job, but I'm not sure whether he can manage it.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Maybe you've just invented something better than the iPhone or a solar-powered car.You don't want anyone to steal your design.What should you do? Patent (申请专利) it！Patents are the best way to get credit for your work and help others continue advancing in that field.Here's what you need to know.
A patent gives you the right to an invention.The patent protects its owner，which means the invention can't be copied or sold without their agreement.In exchange, the owner must reveal information about the invention.This contributes knowledge that helps other inventors improve on their own research.A patent usually lasts about 20 years.
The first step to getting a patent is the application.The person applying must name the invention, explain its use and describe it clearly.The invention must be practical and contain some new characteristic—something that hasn't been seen or used before.But not everything ‘new’ can be patented.Many countries don't allow patents on things like new concepts, scientific theories, medical procedures or substances already found in nature.
You may not be able to see patents, but they're connected to nearly everything.There are patents on things you use every day, like plastic, medicine and your computer.There are patents on things that are unavailable on the market, too.Apple is well-known for its patents on potential products, such as the “iBike” or the“iKey”．
Of course there are also patents on inventions like this.Take the anti-eating face mask for example.This device locks around your head with a metal cage covering your mouth.You can breathe and speak, but you can't eat!
Although many patented inventions can be failures, there's plenty of room for success.So if you have a cool invention, try to patent it.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章的目的是为了告知我们申请专利的好处及如何申请专利，同时又介绍了并非所有新的东西都是专利，并建议我们如果有新的发明，就尝试着去申请专利。
1．Which of the following is NOT true according to the text？ B
A．A patent can last for around 20 years.
B．Everything new can be patented.
C．Your invention is protected after you have applied for a patent.
D．Some patents are on the things that we use every day.
解析：细节理解题。从文章第三段第四句“But not everything‘new’can be patented.”可知，不是所有新的东西都能申请专利。故正确答案为B。
2．We can infer that Apple's iBike is B .
A．a popular product
B．a mere new concept
C．a famous brand in the world
D．a practical bike on the market
解析：推理判断题。从文章第四段倒数一、二句“There are patents on things that are unavailable on the market，too.Apple is well-known for its patents on potential products，such as the‘iBike’or the‘iKey’”．可知，苹果的iBike仅仅是一个新的概念而已，在市场上还买不到。故正确答案为B。
3．The underlined word“device” in Paragraph 5 can best be replaced by“ C ”．
A．weapon B．medicine
C．equipment D．strength
解析：词义猜测题。从文章倒数第二段第二句“Take the anti-eating face mask for example.”可知，这个单词的意思与设备有关。A项意为“武器”；B项意为“药品”；C项意为“设备”；D项意为“力量”。故正确答案为C。
4．The purpose of writing this passage is to D .
A．advertise B．persuade
C．warn D．inform
解析：细节理解题。从文章第一段倒数一、二句“Patents are the best way to get credit for your work and help others continue advancing in that field.Here's what you need to know.”可知，作者写作的目的是为了告知我们申请专利的好处。A项意为“登广告”；B项意为“劝说”；C项意为“警告”；D项意为“通知；告知”。故正确答案为D。
B
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs.The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student？Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills，find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province，you could be eligible (符合条件) for this program，which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible：Youth 15-18 years old in select communities (社区)．
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible：Students aged 15-29，returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible：Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire，but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities (机会)
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program，students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service，its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible：Students aged 15 or older.Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
文章大意：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了省政府及其合作者提供的面向学生的四则暑期工作公告。
5．What is special about Summer Company？ B
A．It requires no training before employment.
B．It provides awards for running new businesses.
C．It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D．It offers more summer job opportunities.
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Summer Company可直接定位到第二则暑期工作公告，而且浏览四则暑期工作公告可以发现，只有Summer Company的介绍里提到了awards(奖励)以及$3,000这样的字眼，由此可知Summer Company的特别之处在于B项“它为经营新业务提供奖励。”。
6．What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program？ D
A．15-18. B．15-24.
C．15-29. D．16-17.
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Stewardship Youth Ranger Program可直接定位到第三则暑期工作公告。根据本部分中的关键信息句“Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire，but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知，这个项目的年龄要求是16岁或17岁，且在今年12月31日前不能满18岁，故选D项 “16至17岁。”。
7．Which program favors the disabled？ D
A．Jobs for Youth.
B．Summer Company.
C．Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.
D．Summer Employment Opportunities.
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词the disabled(残疾人)可直接定位到最后一则暑期工作公告中的persons with a disability，两者属于典型的同义词替换，故选D项。这个项目对残疾人在年龄方面给予了特别照顾。
Ⅳ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
In an online class，developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 1.E While I have only listed two of each，there are obviously many other situations that can arise.Students should be able to extend the logic (逻辑) of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
? 2.G Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.Before asking questions about the course design，read the syllabus (教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
?Participate in discussion forums (论坛)，blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. 3.A Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information.Make a point，and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
?Don't share personal information or stories.Professors are not trained nurses，financial aid experts or your best friends.If you are in need of a deadline extension，simply explain the situation to the professor. 4.C
?Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class.
5.F When a student attacks a professor on the social media，the language used actually says more about the student.If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability，be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A．That's what they are for.
B．Turn to an online instructor for help.
C．If more information is needed，they will ask.
D．Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E．Below are some common do's and don'ts for online learners.
F．Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G．Ask questions，but make sure they are good，thoughtful questions.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了在选修网络课程时如何与授课老师建立健康有益的互动交流。这篇文章视角独特，倡导积极和谐的人际关系和人文情怀。
解析：
1．关联逻辑法解题。空格前说，在网络课堂上，与授课老师建立健康的沟通模式是非常重要的，空格后说，虽然“我”每个只列出了两条，但显然还有许多其他情况可能发生。下面的段落紧接着介绍了沟通的注意事项——两“做”和两“不做”，因此E项“下面是在线学习者应该做和不应该做的一些常见事情。”符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理解类。
2．设题位置法解题。空格后说，与主题内容相关的问题通常会受欢迎。在询问有关课程设计的问题之前，阅读教学大纲和学习管理系统信息，以确保答案不会隐藏在眼皮底下。由此可推知，此段表达要提出好的有水平的问题，故选G项“问问题，但要确保这些问题是好的、深思熟虑的问题。”。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。
3．关联逻辑法解题。空格前说，参加论坛、博客和其他开放式论坛来进行对话，空格后为参加论坛等的一些注意事项，A项“那就是它们的作用。”符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理解类。
4．关联逻辑法解题。空格前交代，如果你需要延长最后期限，只需向授课老师解释一下情况，故选C项“如果需要更多的信息，他们会询问。”。本设空类型属于细节理解类。
5．关联逻辑法解题。空格前说，不要公开表达对授课老师或课程的不满，空格后提及，如果授课老师的专业水平或能力确实令人担忧，一定要使用在线课程评价来冷静地发表你的意见，因此F项“每个人都曾经有过不太好的上课经历。”符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理解类。
Ⅴ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I am the senior student.I like make friends with people and I do my best to get on good with everyone.But last week I had found that one of my friends kept a diary, saying that she disliked me and that she didn't want to be your friend any longer.And now she has started playing a trick me because I'm fat.I'm kind to her but why can't she be friend to me? As for losing the discouraged weight，should I do more exercise? Use pills? And do you know any other ways? Please give me some advices.
答案：
I am senior student.I like friends with people and I do my best to get on with everyone.But last week I had found that one of my friends kept a diary, saying that she disliked me and that she didn't want to be friend any longer.And now she has started playing a trick me because I'm fat.I'm kind to her but why can't she be to me? As for losing the weight，should I do more exercise? Use pills? do you know any other ways? Please give me some .
文章大意：我是一个高中生，喜欢交朋友，努力和每个人相处好。但上周我的一个朋友写日记说不想和我做朋友了，并且现在开始因为我胖开我玩笑，我应该怎么办呢？
解析：
1．考查冠词。泛指“一名高中生”，senior student前用不定冠词a。
2．考查非谓语动词。like后接动名词作宾语，表示一种习惯，符合语境。like后接不定式作宾语，表示一时的情况。故改为making。
3．考查副词。修饰动词短语get on with sb.应用副词。
4．考查动词的时态。根据时间状语last week可知应用一般过去时。
5．考查物主代词。根据she disliked me可知，指的是她不想再做“我的”朋友。
6．考查介词。play a trick on sb.是固定短语，意为“开某人的玩笑，捉弄某人”。
7．考查形容词。作be的表语，应用形容词，friend的形容词是friendly。
8．考查形容词。discouraging“(物)令人失望的”，符合语境。而discouraged表示“(人)感到失望的”。
9．考查连词。know any other ways与do more exercise和use pills是并列的多种选择，故连词应用or。
10．考查名词的数。advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
课件49张PPT。Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsSection Ⅱ Learning about Language 自 主 预 习Ⅰ.单词速记
1．__________ (n.) 鉴定；辨认；确定→__________(v.) 辨认，确定
2．__________ (adj.) 清白的；无罪的→__________ (n.) 无辜
3．__________ (v.) 忍受；容忍→过去式：__________→过去分词：__________
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．________________________ 抓住机会
2．__________ 开始；着手干
3．_______________________ 成功干了某事identification identify innocent innocence bear bore borne seize the opportunity set about succeed in doing sth. Ⅲ.语法感悟
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．What's the language __________ (speak) in that country?
2．There was a sudden burst of lightning __________ (follow) by a terrible noise.
3．Can those people __________ (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me?
4．The workers were soon __________ (tire)．
5．The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see __________ (carry) out the next year.spoken followed seated tired carried 6．The __________ (inspire) soldier soon calmed down.
7．She looks __________ (worry) these days.What do you think has happened to her?
8．I fell down and broke three of my teeth.I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth __________ (fix)．
9．I felt _______________ (disappoint) at his response.
10．Students should have their homework __________ (finish) by themselves not by copying others'.inspired worried fixed disappointed finished 合 作 探 究①Jewellery identification is a hard job.
珠宝鉴定不是一件容易的工作。
②He used a letter of introduction as identification.
他用一封介绍信作为身份的证明。1．identification n. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明重 点 词 汇identification card 身份证
identify vt. 认出；识别；表明；发现vi. 一致，变成一致
identify sb./sth.as sb./sth.认定，认为……等同于……
identical adj. 同一的；一模一样的
①I identified my lost bike.
我认出了我那辆丢了的自行车。
②Never identify wealth with happiness.
千万不要把财富和幸福等同起来。
③We have identical views on these problems.
在这些问题上我们有完全一致的看法。完成句子
①鉴定坠机意外伤亡者的工作费时且困难重重。
______________________ of the crash victims was a long and difficult task.
②人们排成一行等待确认身份。
A line of people is formed for __________.
③我识别不出这是谁的签字。
I can't__________ this signature.The identification identification identify ①She bore the pain with great courage.
她非常勇敢地忍受了痛苦。
②I can't bear being kept waiting.
我无法忍受长时间的等候。
③I couldn't bear to listen any longer, so I left the room.
我实在听不下去了，便离开了房间。
④Her late works doesn't bear comparision with her earlier novels.
她后期的作品比不上她早期的小说。
⑤She bore the responsibility for most of the changes.
她对大多数变革负责。2．bear v．忍受；忍耐；负担bear doing sth.忍受做某事
bear sb.to do sth.忍受某人做某事
bear up 忍耐；坚强起来
bear sb./sth.out 证实；为……作证
bear with sb./sth.耐心对待某人或某事；容忍某人或某事
bear sth.in mind 牢记(1)bear意为“忍耐，忍受”时，通常与can, could连用，用于疑问句或否定句中，常见的近义词还有stand等。
(2)borne和born是bear的两个过去分词，表示“出生，出自”时用born，并且仅用于被动式；表示“生育”时用borne。 单句语法填空
①But it is useful to bear __________ mind that all such changes come from the technology.
②Can you bear ________________(hear) about it again?
③Could you bear your favourite child __________ (ruin)?
④He could not bear __________ his friends should laugh at him.
⑤His wife later __________ (bear) a son and a daughter.in to hear/hearing to be ruined that bore 本句中含有虚拟语气，suggest(建议)，recommend(建议)，order(命令)，demand(要求)等动词后接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语形式为“should＋动词原形”，should常可省略。
I suggest that he (should) apply for the job.
我建议他申请这份工作。
He demanded that he (should) be told everything.
他要求将一切都告诉他。However, she suggested that I should produce a perfume from my new lily.
然而，她建议我应该从我的新百合花中生产香水。经 典 句 式注意：suggest作“表明，暗示”讲时，其后的从句要用陈述语气。
His red face suggested he was lying.
他脸红了，这说明他在撒谎。
注意：英语中一些表示“命令，建议，要求”的动词所跟的从句需要用虚拟语气。如：insist, demand, suggest, propose, order, arrange, command, require, request, desire等动词引导宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。
记住这些动词的小窍门：
i—insist，d—demand，r—request/require/recommend，o—order，p—propose，c—command，a—advise，s—suggest单句语法填空
①The fact that so many people still smoke in public places __________(suggest)that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.
解析：句意：仍有许多人在公共场所吸烟这一事实表明我们可能需要一次全国范围内的运动来提高人们对吸烟危害的认识。suggest在句中意为“表明”。主句的主语是the fact，故谓语用第三人称单数。suggests ②The teacher suggested that everyone __________ (go)there by bike.
解析：句意：老师建议每个人骑自行车去那儿。suggest作“建议”讲时，后接的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词形式为“should＋动词原形”，should常可省略。(should)go 单 元 语 法过去分词充当定语、表语或宾语补足语
Ⅰ.定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。过去分词作定语分为前置和后置两种情况。
1．前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。由及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，表示“被动和完成”含义，或只具有“被动”含义；由不及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，只表“完成”含义。1)被动和完成含义：
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.
我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
2)被动含义：
She is a respected teacher.
她是一位受人尊敬的老师。
3)完成含义：
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。2．后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
①This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (＝that has ever been written)．
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
②Who were the so-called guests invited (＝who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？
③Yesterday I bought a book published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
昨天我买了一本外语教学与研究出版社出版的书。[拓展1]
(1)过去分词如果表示一种强烈的动作含义，单独使用也可以放在名词的后面。
①The experience gained will be of great value to us.
取得的经验对我们很有价值。
②By the end of the year, the total money collected had come to 92 million dollars, all of which were sent to Africa.
到年底为止，筹集到的全部资金达到了9 200多万元，所有这些钱全都送往非洲了。 (2)由过去分词构成的合成词也可作定语。
①The air-conditioned rooms are very comfortable in hot summer.
在炎热的夏天，装空调的房间非常舒服。
②The newly-built building is our office building.
这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。
(3)过去分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
①The funds (which/that have been) raised are mainly used for helping the homeless.
筹集的资金主要用于帮助那些无家可归者。②This book, (which is)written in simple English, is suitable for beginners to read.
这本书是使用浅显的英文写的，适合初学者阅读。
③The concert (which/that was) given by their friends was a success.
他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。
④The meeting, (which was) attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.
他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。(4)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人有关。
①The boy looked up with a pleased expression.
那男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。
②He spoke with a frightened look.
他说话时显得非常恐惧。[拓展2]
(1)动名词作定语，说明所修饰的名词的用途。
①No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.
阅览室里不准大声说话。
②There is a swimming pool in our school.
我们学校有一个游泳池。
(2)现在分词作定语，通常放在所修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面， 其作用相当于一个定语从句。
①He is a promising young man.
他是一个很有培养前途的青年。②Do you know the woman (who is) sitting at the end of the room?
你认识坐在房间后面的那位妇女吗？
③We must keep a secret of the things (which/that are) being discussed now.
对于现在所讨论的事情，我们必须保守秘密。(3)不定式作定语，位于所修饰的词后，通常表示将来发生的动作。当名词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能采用不定式作后置定语。此外，作定语的不定式与所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的“主谓”“动宾”或“同位”三种关系。如果作定语的不定式为不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。
①Our monitor is the first to arrive.
我们的班长是第一个到达的人。(主谓关系)
②The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is of great importance.
明天会议上将要讨论的问题非常重要。(动宾关系)
③I have a lot of work to do.
我有许多事要做。(动宾关系)④Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们吃惊。(同位关系)
⑤They have no happiness to speak of.
他们没有什么幸福可言。(动宾关系)Ⅱ.表语
过去分词作表语，通常表示主语所处的一种状态。
①His colleagues were surprised at his absurd behaviour.
同事们对他那荒诞的行为感到吃惊。
②The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.
这座城市三面环山。
③The door remained locked.
门仍然锁着。
④She looked disappointed.
她看上去很失望。[拓展]
(1)动名词作表语， 解释或说明主语的内容。此时，主语与表语位置通常可以互换。
①Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.
我们的职责是全心全意地为人民服务。
②What they are worried about is being left behind.
他们所担心的是别被落在后面。(2)现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质，特征或属性；此时，现在分词与主语(往往是物)构成逻辑上的主谓关系，译作“令/使人……的”。
①The news was exciting and we were all excited.
消息令人兴奋，我们都很激动。
②He remained standing beside the table.
他依然站在桌旁。(3)不定式作表语，一般紧跟在系动词be, seem, remain, appear, get的后面，用来说明或解释主语的内容。当主语为名词dream, business, wish, idea, plan, job, work, task, duty时，表语通常采用不定式，不用动名词。此时，不定式通常强调具体某次动作以及将来要发生的动作。
①The aim is not just to keep busy.
其目的不仅是为了使每个人不闲着。
②He appears to want to leave.
他看来要走。Ⅲ.宾语补足语
过去分词作补语，表示“被动和完成”含义，或仅仅表示“状态”。
1．表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)(see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等)
①I have never heard the song sung in my school.
我从未听过这首歌在我们学校唱过。
②He watched the TV set carried out of the room.
他看到电视机被搬到屋子外面了。2．表示“使役”意义的动词(have, make, get, keep, leave等)
①I had my leg broken in the football game.
我的腿在足球赛中摔坏了。
②The reporters keep us informed of the results of the games.
记者不断地告知我们比赛结果。
3．表示“希望”“要求”意义的动词(like, order, want, wish, expect等后用过去分词或在过去分词前＋to be)
①Everyone wishes the matter (to be) settled as soon as possible.
人人都希望这件事情尽快解决。
②I want my house (to be) completed before the national day.
我想让我的房子在国庆节前完工。 [拓展]
(1)现在分词作补足语
由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语，表示过程的一部分，而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。
①I heard her singing when I passed by her room.
我路过她房间时，听到她正在唱歌。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
②I found the topic being discussed everywhere then.
那时我发现人们在到处谈论这个话题。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的承受者)
③Are you listening to them quarrelling?
你在听他们吵架吗？(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)④His remarks set me thinking.
他的话引起了我的深思。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
⑤The explosion sent us running in all directions.
那次爆炸把我们吓得东奔西逃。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
(2)不定式作补语
①不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。
ⅰ.Did you notice him leave the house?
你看到他离开房间了吗？
ⅱ.I heard her say so.
我听见她是这么说的。②某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有：call on, rely on, depend on, wait for, long for, vote for等。
ⅰ.You can depend on her to be late.
你可以确信她必定迟到。
ⅱ.We are longing for the holiday to come.
我们渴望着假日的到来。
③动词think, consider, believe, find, feel, know, guess, prove, suppose, imagine等词后面，常接“to be＋形容词(名词或反身代词)”结构。
ⅰ.He's thought to be one of the richest men in Europe.
人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。
ⅱ.Imagine yourself (to be) rich and famous.
想象一下你又有钱、又有名的情况。单句改错
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，短文改错)One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor .________________
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：病人看完医生就会感觉好很多，对此我感到惊奇。amazed意为“(使)大为惊奇”，amazing意为“令人惊奇的”。本句话主语为I，表示“感到惊奇”，故将amazing改为amazed。amazing→amazed ②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident._________________________
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：多亏一个偶然的事件，我对踢足球产生了兴趣。interesting意为“使人感兴趣的”，常修饰物；interested意为“感兴趣的”，常修饰人。主语是I，故将interesting改为interested。interesting→interested 单句语法填空
③(2019·北京卷，语法填空)Earth Day __________(mark) on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。marked ④(2018·全国卷Ⅲ改编)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel __________ (challenge)．
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我急忙弯腰低头，避免直视他的眼睛，以免使其感到自己受到了挑战。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”时，用过去分词challenged。
⑤(2018·天津卷改编) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph__________(take)．
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。challenged taken ⑥(2017·天津卷改编)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train __________(catch)．
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在整个会议期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要去赶火车。根据上文判断出as引导原因状语从句，Sb have sth to do 某人有某事要做(在本句中to do 由主语完成)，根据句意判断填to catch。
⑦(高考真题改编)To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study__________(conduct)in Australia in 2012.
解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。使用非谓语动词作定语，study和conduct是动宾关系，用过去分词作定语。to catch conducted ⑧(高考真题改编)__________(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he，他在这个地方长大，两者之间是动宾关系，故填raised。
⑨(高考真题改编)__________(absorb)in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in“全神贯注于”，在句中作状语。Raised Absorbed ⑩(高考真题改编)You cannot accept an opinion __________ (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
解析：考查过去分词短语作后置定语。句意：你无法接受任何观点，除非它以事实为基础。分析句式结构可知，opinion需要定语，且offer与opinion之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。offered
