Unit 5 Section Ⅰ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I have no a__lternative__ but to report him to the police.
2．Now there are still some people dying of __starvation__ (饿死)．
3．Do you have a__mple__ money for the journey?
4．Sorry to i__nterrupt__ you.Can you tell me the time?
5．Let's __assume__ what he said is true.
6．Applying the dye can be m__essy__ particularly on long hair.
7．The __botanical__ (植物学的) analyses have showed us that it used to be a lake.
8．The living conditions in the camp were pretty __primitive__ (原始的)．
9．B__otany__ is scientific study of plants and their structure.
10．C__ategory__ is a class or group of things in a complete system of grouping.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．Studies have shown that vegetarians seldom __suffer_from__ heart diseases.
2．From your appearance, you __look__ more __like__your mother.
3．I will continue to pursue my dream __regardless_of__ a lot of failures.
4．She is __cutting_up__ an apple with a knife.
5．We are working __on_the_assumption_that__ the conference will take place as planned.
6．The night was too cold outside, and the poor man tried to __keep__ the cold __out__ by closing the door hard.
7．The dog owners usually __care__ much __about__ their pets.
8．There are ten guests __at_most__ who will attend this party.
9．Having __compared__ the program __with__ that one, he decided to have the former one carried out.
10．Those tourists were being __shown_around__ the Revolutionary Resort.
Ⅲ.用适当的介、副词填空
1．We have to eat，or we will starve __to__ death.
2．I managed to work for two hours __without__interruption.
3．She was pretty cut __up__ about them leaving.
4．I think you may be interested __in__ our new product.
5．Many items in daily use are made __of__ plastic.
6．The machine must break down __at__ this busy hour.
7．He's been in and __out__ of prison for years.
8．We saw him watering the lawn __around__ the house.
Unit 5 Section Ⅰ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The brilliant young man had no a __lternative__ but to give up the chance of studying abroad.
2．The match lasted nearly three hours and was i__nterrupted__ at times by rain.
3．Please c__ompare__this book with that one and find out the differences between them.
4．If the package is wrapped well, we a__ssume__ the contents are also wonderful.
5. We should not overlook the fact that there is an a__cute__ water shortage in our city.
6．Ann s__harpened__ her pencil and got down to her homework.
7．Mother reserved her complaint about my m__essy__ room until my friend left.
8．My elder sister died of __starvation__ (饥饿) during the war.
9．I passed on my __tentative__(不确定的) conclusions to the police.
10．Professor Higgins can judge a person's social status with __accuracy__ (准确) according to their language.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．The doors of the palace __were_made_of__ (用……制成) beaten gold.
2．I have __come_to_a_conclusion__ (得出结论) that our team will win.
3．He's __suffering_from__ (患病) severe mental disorder.
4．Now let me __show_you_around__ (带你参观) our product exhibition room.
5．A teacher should entertain __as_well_as__ (也，还) teach.
6．He continued speaking, __regardless_of__ (不管，不顾) my feelings on the matter.
7．People keep a dog to __scare_away__ (把……吓跑) thieves.
8．We have screens on our windows to __keep_out__ (把……挡在外面) the flies.
9．The waterfall can __be_used_for__(被用来……) the generation of electricity.
10．It will take two hours __at_most__ (最多) to get there.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2019·浙江卷)
Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby.He finds old military(军队的) medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet.But unlike most collectors，Zac tracks down the medals' rightful owners，and returns them.
His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother，a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A．G.Piccoli，found in an antique shop.Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart—he earned one himself in a war as a soldier.So when his mother gave him the medal，he knew right away what he had to do.
Through the Internet，Zac tracked down Corrado's sister Adeline Rockko.But when he finally reached her，the woman flooded him with questions：“Who are you？What antique shop？” However，when she hung up，she regretted the way she had handled the call.So she called Zac back and apologized.Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown，N.Y.“At that point，I knew she meant business，” Zac says. “To drive eight hours to come to see me.”
The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown.Corrado，a translator for the Army during WWⅡ，was killed in action in Europe.
Before hearing from Zac，Adeline hadn't realized the medal was missing.Like many military medals，the one Zac's mother had found was a family treasure. “This medal was very precious to my parents.Only on special occasions (场合) would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands，” Adeline says.
As a child，Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so significant.“But as I grew older，” Adeline says，“and missed my brother more and more，I realized that was the only thing we had left.” Corrado Piccoli's Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown.
Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama.Since he first reunited Corrado's medal，Zac says his record is now 5 for 5.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Zac的一个不同寻常的业余爱好：当在古董店或者网上找到旧的军队勋章时，他会设法找到其合法的主人并且归还。
1．Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself？__A__
A．In the army.
B．In an antique shop.
C．From his mother.
D．From Adeline Rockko.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...he earned one himself in a war as a soldier.”可知，Zac是在部队服役的时候获得了一枚紫心勋章，故A项正确。
2．What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him？__B__
A．She was very impolite.
B．She was serious about the medal.
C．She suspected his honesty.
D．She came from a wealthy family.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘At that point，I knew she meant business，’ Zac says.‘To drive eight hours to come to see me.’”可知，Zac意识到Adeline对这枚勋章是十分在意的，要不然她也不会打电话道歉，更不会驱车8小时来见自己，故B项正确。mean business“(非正式)当真，认真”。
3．What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart？__D__
A．Her parents' advice.
B．Her knowledge of antiques.
C．Her childhood dream.
D．Her memory of her brother.
解析：细节理解题。 根据第六段中的“‘But as I grew older，’Adeline says，‘and missed my brother more and more，I realized that was the only thing we had left.’”可知，Adeline珍视那枚勋章是因为那是他们留下的唯一东西，承载着姐姐对弟弟的思念，故D项正确。
B
Zhoukoudian is a small village situated about 50 kilometers to the southwest of Beijing.In the 1920s, archaeologists discovered some prehistoric human bones there which changed people's view of China's history.They came from an unknown species of man and were the first evidence of human life in China thousands of years ago.The remains were three teeth!
In 1929, a complete skull was also discovered.Eventually, archaeologists found almost 200 items, including six skulls and more than 150 teeth.These discoveries proved the existence of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago.Four sites where Beijing Man and his relatives lived were discovered on the northern face of Longgushan.They lived in the caves in the area.
However, the life span of Beijing Man was short.About 70% of the people probably died before the age of 14.Fewer than 5% lived to the age of 50.Ashes were found alongside the fossils which showed they had used fire for cooking food and also for light, warmth, and protection against wild animals.This is the earliest evidence of the use of fire anywhere in the world.They also made tools of bones and stones.Unfortunately, when Japan invaded China in 1937, excavations (发掘) at the Beijing Man Site stopped and most of the fossils disappeared, including a Beijing Man skull.After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, the work started again.
Zhoukoudian was listed as a World Heritage Site in December 1987.It has not only given us important information about prehistoric Asian societies, but also provided amazing evidence about the process of evolution.Today，parts of the caves have been badly affected by rain.Some areas are almost completely covered in weeds, causing serious damage.Pollution from the nearby factories has also contributed to the problem.This is a very serious matter and the Chinese Academy of Sciences is trying to raise public awareness of it.
文章大意：文章向我们介绍了周口店“北京人”遗址，它的位置、发现过程以及考古意义。
4．Archaeologists __C__.
A．thought that Zhoukoudian was a beautiful village
B．thought that the findings in Zhoukoudian wouldn't change the history of China
C．discovered some prehistoric human bones in Zhoukoudian
D．thought that the findings in Zhoukoudian are the first evidence of human life in Asia
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the 1920s，archaeologists discovered some prehistoric human bones there which changed people's view of China's history.”可知答案。
5．Which of the following statements is NOT true？__D__
A．The digging was delayed by the Japanese invasion in the 1930s.
B．These ancient Chinese were the first people to use fire in daily life.
C．Some valuable things excavated from the site are still missing.
D．The digging of Zhoukoudian is famous and is well funded.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的内容可知A、B、C三项都正确，根据最后一段周口店遗址的破坏可以确定没有吸引到资金。
6．What's the main idea of the last paragraph？__D__
A．The digging of Zhoukoudian is still under way.
B．Zhoukoudian plays an important part in the study of prehistoric societies.
C．Zhoukoudian is a World Heritage Site.
D．Zhoukoudian is in great need of protection.
解析：主旨大意题。本段在开头叙述完周口店对于考古的意义之后详细叙述周口店现在所处的糟糕状况，因此D项才是该段的大意。
7．From the passage, we can infer that __A__.
A．the work of excavating the Beijing Man Site has not proceeded smoothly
B．Beijing Man had a short life
C．Beijing Man lived in the caves of Longgushan
D．archaeologists found six complete skulls and more than 150 teeth in 1929
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的最后两句：对北京人遗址的发掘工作由于日本的侵略曾一度终止，新中国成立后，发掘工作又重新开始。由此可以推知对北京人遗址的发掘工作进展得不顺利。B项是事实而不是推论，C、D两项是错误的。故选A。
Ⅳ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。
The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 1.D By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.
1．Curiosity
Your children need to be deeply curious. 2.A Ask kids，“What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？” and then try them out.“Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？”“What could we try next time？”
2．Creativity
True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 3.C There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.
3．Interpersonal Skills
Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know what's going on inside our own head，but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 4.F “Why do you think she's crying？”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？”“If someone were to do that to you，how would you feel？”
4．Self Expression
5.G There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music, acting, drawing, building, photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.
A．Encourage kids to cook with you.
B．And we can't forget science education.
C．We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.
D．So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don't yet exist?
E．Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.
F．We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.
G．Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.
文章大意：本文介绍了培养孩子技能的方法，其中包括好奇心、创造力、交际能力和自我表达等。
解析：
1．关联逻辑法解题。根据空后的“By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them...”可知，这里叙述的是帮助他们发展一些技能。由此推断，上句应为“应该怎样帮助孩子为未来的工作而做准备”，故选D。
2．关联逻辑法解题。根据下面的内容可知，此处是鼓励孩子们和你一起做饭。
3．词汇锁定法解题。根据上文中的“create something new”等可知，要给孩子们思考的机会，故选C项。
4．关联逻辑法解题。联系下面的几个问题可知F项正确。
5．关联逻辑法解题。根据该段小标题及空格后的“ways to express thoughts”可知，此处所填内容与交流有关，故选G项。
课件70张PPT。Unit 5 Meeting your ancestorsSection Ⅰ Warming up；Pre-reading，Reading & Comprehending自 主 预 习Ⅰ.单词速记
1．__________(n.)可能的选择
(adj.)供选择的；其他的
2．__________(adj.)有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的
3．__________ (n.)被子；棉被
4．__________ (adj.)足够的；充足的；富裕的
5．__________(adj.)原始的；远古的；简陋的
6．starvation (n.)挨饿；饿死→__________ (v.) (使)挨饿
7．accuracy (n.) 精确；准确→__________ (adj.) 精确的
8．__________ (vt.& vi.) 打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止→interruption (n.) 打断alternative acute quilt ample primitive starve accurate interrupt 9．__________ (vt.) 假定；设想→assumption (n.) 假设
10．__________ (vi.& vt.)(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰→sharpener(n.)磨具；削具→__________ (adj.)锋利的
11．messy (adj.)凌乱的；脏的→__________ (n.) 混乱；纷乱assume sharpen sharp mess Ⅱ.短语互译
1．带领某人参观____________________
2．把……和……比较__________
3．生火__________
4．至多；最多__________
5．be made of/from__________
6．scare away__________
7．keep out________________________
8．cut up__________show sb.around/round compare... with make fires at most 由……制成 吓跑 关在门外；不准进入 切碎 Ⅲ.课文理解
First 略读主旨
1．Read the text quickly and fill in the blanks.
This reading is about a scene of a group of students from England __________ the Zhoukoudian __________.
2．Look at the three pictures on P38—39.Match the 3 topics that the archaeologist talked about.
Topic 1 __________ A．What we can learn from the needle.
Topic 2 __________ B．What we can learn from the necklace.
Topic 3 __________ C．Life in the cave.visiting caves CABSecond 细读细节
1．Where do the Zhoukoudian caves lie？__________
A．In the forest. B．At the seaside.
C．At the foot of the hill. D．Higher up the hill.D2．Which of the following is the correct order about how early people made clothes? __________
a．clean the fat and meat from the skin
b．cut up the animals
c．rub salt inside the skin
d．remove the skin
e．sew the pieces together
A．b—d—c—a—e B．b—d—a—c—e
C．b—a—d—c—e D．b—a—c—d—eB3．What can we infer from the passage？__________
A．Being an archaeologist needs a wide range of knowledge.
B．Students from England want to be archaeologists.
C．Everyone can identify the fish by the shape of its bone.
D．People in Zhoukoudian were clever to make necklaces using shells.
4．From the text we can infer that early people were __________.
A．clever and hard-working B．clumsy and lazy
C．friendly and well-off D．cold-blooded and pennilessAA5．The main topic of the text is __________ of the early people in the Zhoukoudian caves.
A．the farming and hunting B．the homes and fishing
C．the food and clothing D．the lives and habitsDThird 精读语篇
A group of students from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves 1.__________ a visit and 2.__________archaeologist is showing them round.The archaeologists 3.____________________________ (excavate) here for many years.After 4.__________ (find) human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects, they think it is 5.__________ (reason) to assume some of the earliest people lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.They have discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves 6.__________ they made fires.Some evidence suggests that our ancestors did wear clothes made from animal skins.The archaeologist also shows the students a primitive necklace 7.__________(preserve) quite well. for an have been excavating finding reasonable where preserved It seems that our ancestors knew how to make 8.__________ (they) look much 9.__________(pretty)．Indeed, as the botanical analyses have 10.__________ (special) shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their journeys.themselves prettier specially Fourth 研读难句
1．It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England，who are interested in archaeology.
译文：___________________________________________________________很高兴见到你们这些来自英国并且对考古学感兴趣的学生。 2．You must be aware that it's here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.
译文：_________________________________________________________ ________________________________________你们想必都很清楚，正是在这个地方，我们找到了居住在世界上 这个地区的最早人类的证据。 译文：___________________________________________________________ _________________________________________我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚。这意味着他们可能 整个冬天都在烧火。 4．We know that they moved around，following the herds of animals.
分析：本句为复合句。主句谓语动词为know，后面跟由__________引导的宾语从句。following the herds of animals为现在分词短语作状语。
译文：__________________________________________that 我们知道，他们跟着兽群四处走。 合 作 探 究①Can you think of the alternatives we would use today?
你能想到我们今天可以利用的选择吗？
②You have the alternative of riding or walking.
你可以在坐车和步行中选择一种。
③The alternative plans of having a picnic or taking a boat trip put them in a dilemma.
去野餐或者去乘船旅游二者只能择一的计划使他们左右为难。1．alternative n. 可能的选择 adj. 供选择的；其他的重 点 词 汇an alternative to...……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做……
alternative energy 可替代能源
She had no alternative but to ask for a few days' leave.
实在不得已，她只好请几天假。补全句子
①The stranger ________________________________ (别无选择，只好)adapt himself to the new surroundings.
②As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of __________________________ (可替代能源), such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.
单句语法填空
③ I called him up but couldn't get through.I had no alternative but __________ (wait)．had no alternative/choice but to alternative energy to wait ①He interrupted his work to have lunch.
他停止工作去吃午餐。
②We interrupt this programme to bring you a news flash.
我们暂时中断这个节目，插播新闻快讯。
③The traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm.
市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。2．interrupt vt.& vi. 打断……讲话；打岔；打扰；暂时中断或中止完成句子
①We have to __________,_because your speech has gone beyond the time limit.
我们不得不打断你，因为你的演讲超时了。
②Playing with mobile phones in class can _____________________________.
在课堂上玩手机会扰乱学生学习。
③She has kept up physical training for several years ______________________.
她坚持体育锻炼，多年来从未间断。interrupt you disturb other students' study without interruption 单句语法填空
④If you keep __________(interrupt) with silly questions, I shall go out of my senses.interrupting Millions will face starvation next year as a result of the drought.
由于发生旱灾，明年将有数百万人面临饥饿的威胁。3．starvation n. 挨饿；饿死starve vt.& vi.(使)饿死；渴望
starve to death 饿死
starve for sth.渴求/需要什么
starve to do sth.渴望做某事
starve sb.into sth./into doing sth.断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事完成句子
①It was a race against time to stop people ______________________________.
为抢救那些即将饿死的人而分秒必争。
②The explorers ______________________ in the desert.
这些探险者都饿死在了沙漠里。
单句语法填空
③The old man was almost dying, terrified with darkness and loneliness.He really __________ (starve) for love and care.suffering from starvation starved to death starved 4．assume v．假定；假想； 以为；假装；装作；担任；承担(1)assume sth.假设……；假装……
assume sb./sth.to be 假定/假设某人/某事为
It is assumed that...据认为……
(2)assumption n. 假定；设想
assuming (that)．..假定……；设想……
①His look of astonishment was assumed.
他那惊讶的样子是装出来的。
②We assumed him to be the best writer of our time.
我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。assuming可以用作连词，表示“假设……为真，假如”，引导从句，此用法同suppose, supposing, providing, provided, given that。
Assuming/Suppose/Supposing the account is authentic, what should we do now?
假定这个说法是可信的，我们现在该怎么办？单句语法填空
①__________ (assume)that we can't get the necessary equipment，we will have to give up the experiment.
②My calculations were based on the __________(assume)that house prices would remain stable.Assuming assumption ①The law requires equal treatment for everyone, regardless of race, religion, or sex.
这一法律要求平等对待每一个人，不管种族、宗教信仰或性别。
②Regardless of whether he is right or wrong, we have to follow his advice.
不论他是对还是错，我们不得不听从他的建议。1．regardless of 不顾；不管怎样；无论如何重 点 短 语regardless of the fact that...不顾……的事实
in spite of＝despite尽管；不顾regardless of，despite和in spite of
这三个短语都可以表示“不管，不顾”，但是用法不同。
(1)regardless of不管；不顾；不理会。一般用语。
(2)despite虽然；尽管；不顾。语气较弱，多用于诗歌或正式的文体中。
(3)in spite of虽然；尽管；不顾。 多用于书面语，语气较重。
①The training class welcomes all students regardless of age.
培训班欢迎各个年龄段的学生参加。
②Despite the fact that the doctor told him to rest，Jack went to Spain.
尽管医生嘱咐他休息，但杰克还是去了西班牙。
③In spite of all his efforts，he failed in his English exam.
尽管他付出了极大努力，他的英语考试还是不及格。单句语法填空
①Everyone has the right to good medical care regardless __________ their ability to pay.
②In spite __________ the heavy rain, they continued their work in the field.
单句改错
③Regardless being badly hurt, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes.
Regardless后加ofof of ①It's at most three centimetres long.
它最多有三厘米长。
②It will take two hours at most to get there.
最多两小时便可到达那里。2．at most 至多；最多at most＝at the most＝not more than至多，最多，不超过
at least＝at the least 至少，最少
not in the least一点也不，丝毫不
①The watch is worth 1,000 dollars at most.
这块表最多值1 000美元。
②It will take you at least 20 minutes to get there.
到那里至少要花掉你20分钟。完成句子
①—Do you mind if I turn on the radio?
—No, _________________.
——你介意我打开收音机吗？
——不，一点也不介意。
②The railway will be completed in six months __________.
这条铁路至多再过六个月就会完工。
③It may take you __________ two hours to finish reading this novel.
读完这本小说或许至少花费你两个小时。not in the least at most at least ①He has to have his food cut up for him.
他需要有人替他把食物切碎。
②He was badly cut up by the news of his son's death.
得知儿子死讯，他极为悲痛。3．cut up把……砍成碎片；使伤心；使难受cut through开辟
cut down 减少；砍倒
cut away 切除；砍掉
cut in 插嘴；打断
cut off 中断(气、电、水等的)供应；切断；使隔绝
cut back (on)削减；修剪 单句语法填空
①Jessica cut __________ before things grew worse.
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：Jessica在情况变得更糟糕前就打断了。cut in意为“打断；中断”，符合题意。
②The latest major disaster that occurred in Zhejiang cut __________ water supplies for days.
解析：考查动词短语。句意：浙江最近发生的重大灾害使供水中断数日。cut off“中断，切断”。in off ③He was in hospital for six months.He felt as if he was cut __________ from the outside world.
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：他生病住了六个月的医院。他感觉他似乎与外界隔绝了。cut off from意为“使……与外界隔绝”，符合题意。
④If your child is better at science than at maths, simply devote more home-schooling hours to maths and cut __________ on science.
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：如果你的孩子的科学要比数学学得更好的话，就要把在家自学的更多时间用在数学上，减少学习科学的时间。cut back on意为“减少；削减”。off back (1)句型结构：It is/was＋n./adj.＋to do...
it代表动词不定式
It's a pleasure to meet you here.
在这儿见到你真高兴。
It's a wonder that more people weren't hurt.
奇怪的是没有更多的人受到伤害。1．It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology.
很高兴见到你们这来自英国并且对考古学感兴趣的学生。经 典 句 式It was a pleasant surprise to learn of her marriage.
得知她结婚是件令人惊喜的事。
(2)pleasure为不可数名词，但当表示“令人高兴的人或事”时，为可数名词，抽象名词具体化。
再如，a success (成功的人或事)，an honour(令人感到荣幸的人或事)等。
The play put on by the students was a great success.
学生们上映的剧目非常成功。
The baby surviving the earthquake is a comfort for the grandma.
地震中幸存的婴儿成了老奶奶的唯一安慰。补全句子
①______________________ (让人高兴) to meet you at the airport.
②I feel __________ (是我的责任) to help others.
③It is ________________ (荣幸之至) to be invited to your wedding.
④______________ (奇怪了) he hasn't passed such an easy exam.It is pleasing/pleasant it my duty a great honour It is a wonder 本句的主句是We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick，其中形容词短语almost six metres thick作后置定语，修饰ash。which引导一个非限制性定语从句，在从句中suggests后跟that引导的宾语从句。have been excavating是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，或将继续延续至将来。
We have been working on this project for over a month now.
到目前为止，我们一直从事这个项目，已经一个多月了。2．We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.
我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。现在完成进行时和现在完成时
①现在完成时表示已经完成，而现在完成进行时表示还没完成还要延续下去。试比较：
They have built a house.(完成)
他们已经建了一座房子。
They have been building a house.(尚未完成)
他们一直在建一座房子。②现在完成进行时是由“have/has been＋doing”构成的，可表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复。
Have you been meeting him recently?
你最近常和他见面吗？
Have you met him recently?
你最近见到过他吗？
③现在完成进行时有时含有感彩，而现在完成时一般是客观地讲述一个事实。
I have been waiting for you for two hours.
我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满)
I have waited for you for two hours.
我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实)④现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，而现在完成时强调结果。
Who has been eating these oranges?
谁一直在吃这些橘子呀？(可能还剩余一些)
Who has eaten these oranges?
谁把这些橘子吃了？(强调吃得一个不剩)
⑤如果强调某一动作刚刚结束，并已产生某种影响时，常用现在完成进行时。
—Why are you looking a bit tired?
为什么你看来有点儿累？
—I have been cleaning the house.
我一直在打扫房子。单句语法填空
①(2018·北京卷改编)She and her family bicycle to work，__________ helps them keep fit.
解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“________ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。which ②(高考真题改编)The girl has a great interest in sport and __________________(take)badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
解析：考查时态。句意：这个女孩对运动很感兴趣，在过去三年她一直每周打两次羽毛球。由over the last three years可知用现在完成进行时。
③(2019·新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，__________ she opened with her late husband Les.
解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：现在Irene Astbury在Maccless field的宠物店里每天上午9点到下午5点工作，这个宠物店是她和后来的丈夫Les一直开办的。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。has been taking which 本句中must have done结构表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，意思是“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。3．It must have been very uncomfortable.
那肯定是很不舒服的了。should have done本来应该做某事，而实际上没做
shouldn't have done 本来不应该做某事，而实际上做了
needn't have done 本来不需要做某事而做了
may/might have done表示对过去的推测，意思是“可能做了某事”
may/might not have done表示对过去的推测，意思是“可能没有做某事”
could have done本来能够做某事而没有做单句语法填空
①Congratulations to you on winning first prize in the English Speaking Competition.You __________ have been practicing it a lot recently，for you speak English like a native now.
②I can't find my purse.I could __________(leave) it in the supermarket yesterday，but I'm not sure.
③George ________________ have gone too far.His coffee is still warm.
④I __________ have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
⑤—Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again.
—Oh，it's too bad.You __________ have made full preparations.must have left can't/couldn't needn't should (1)suggest在此作“暗示，表明”解，其后的从句要用陈述语气；suggest作“建议”讲时，其后的从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语形式为“(should＋)动词原形”。
The handwriting of the letter suggested that the letter was from a lady.
从书信的字体看，写信人是一位女士。
I suggested that we go for a walk after supper.
我建议我们晚饭后散步。4．Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins.
我们有证据表明，他们的确穿的是用兽皮做成的衣服。suggest有两个意思：
①意为“提议，建议”，后接动词要用动名词形式；后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形，should常省略)。
It's noisy here.I suggest changing another hotel.
这里太吵了，我建议换个宾馆。
I suggest that the boy be sent to the hospital at once.
我建议立即把这个男孩儿送往医院。
②意为“表明，显示，暗示”，后接宾语从句(不用虚拟语气)。
His expression suggests that he has got the job.
他脸上的表情表明他已经得到了那份工作。注意：后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形，should常省略)的动词可记为：
一个坚持：insist
两道命令：command，order
四条建议：advise，suggest，recommend，propose
五点要求：ask，demand，request，require，desire
(2)本句中did表强调，且只能对谓语动词进行强调。助动词do有时态和人称的变化，可以用“do/does/did”，意为“的确，确实”。
Please do be quiet.
务请肃静。单句语法填空
①Eye doctors suggest that a child's first eye exam __________(be) at the age of six months old.
②He nodded his head smilingly, which suggested that he _______________ (understand) what I said.
③I suggest our __________ (team) up with that big company.(should) be had understood teaming 句中as引导的是非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指代后面句子的内容。5．Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.
很对，植物学分析结果明确告诉我们，这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。as与which在引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：
(1)as的用法：
①在从句中通常作主语或宾语，指代整个主句；
②表示“正如，正像”；
③其引导的定语从句既可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。
The Pacific is the largest ocean, as we all know.
太平洋是最大的洋，这一点我们都知道(正如我们所知道的，太平洋是最大的洋)。
As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.
众所周知，他是我们班上最好的学生。(正如我们所知道的一样，他是我们班上最好的学生。)(2)which的用法：
①关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语，指代物。
②也可指代整个主句，表示“这件事；这种情况”。
③其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
④在“介词＋关系代词”形式的定语从句中，指代物只能用which(指人只能用whom)作介词的宾语。
Tom suddenly fell ill, which made us sad.
汤姆突然病倒，这使得我们很伤心。
The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents.
路太滑了，以至于引起了很多事故。He was angry, which made him cry.
他太生气了以至于他哭了起来。
He has to work on Sunday, which he doesn't like.
他周日还得上班，这是他不喜欢的。
选用which或as填空
①Tom suddenly fell ill, __________ made us sad.
②__________ is shown in the picture, many flowers are growing well in the garden.
完成句子
③______________________,_the weather today is fine enough for a picnic.
正如我们预料的一样，今天的天气很好可以去野餐。
翻译句子
④He is late for class today, as is often the case.
他今天上课迟到了，他常常这样。which As As we expected
