Unit 5 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Well，we __have_been_finding__(find) the bones of tigers and bears in the caves，and we think these were their most dangerous enemies.
2．He __has_been_writing__(write) a novel，which will be finished next month.
3．The little boy is dirty all over because he __has_been_playing__(play) in the mud all the morning.
4．He __has_been_lying__(lie) in bed for two weeks because of his broken leg.
5．You know，I __have_been_looking__(look) for a job for three months，and this is my first formal interview.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He had been writing the novel since last year.__had→has__
2．She looks very tired.She has working all day.__has后加been__
3．We had been friends ever since we met at school.
__had→have__
4．People have been sung these folk songs for hundreds of years.
__sung→singing__
5．She have been cycling to work for the last three weeks.
__have→has__
6．I hasn't received her letter for a whole year.
__hasn't→haven't__
7．This time yesterday, they are having lunch.
__are→were__
8．I am writing a letter when he came.
__am→was__
9．I asked him to tell me what is troubling him.
__is→was__
10．We had been waiting for you for an hour.We don't want to wait any longer.
__had→have__
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．自从上周以来一直下雨。
It __has_been_raining__ since last week.
2．我累坏了。我一直工作了一下午了。
I am tired out.I __have_been_working__ the whole afternoon.
3．他已写了一部小说。
He __has_written__ a novel.
4．你最近见过他吗？
__Have_you_met__ him recently?
5．他们结婚将近15年了。
They __have_been_married__ for almost 15 years.
Unit 5 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There was a __systematic__ (有系统的) approach to solving the problem.
2．The meeting is of such great __significance__ (意义) that I have to attend it.
3．We must stop him seeing her __somehow__ (以某种方式)．
4．It's very rude to s__pit__ at someone.
5．He wanted to d__elete__ my name from the list.
6．The photos belong in an a__lbum__.
7．She sends her little daughter to the k__indergarten__ every day.
8．I want a __skateboard__(滑板)．
9．When I was a child, I didn't like __onion__ (洋葱), but I don't mind it now.
10．The hotel r__eceptionist__ wants to know when we will be checking out tomorrow morning.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．They began contributing articles to our magazine several years ago, and they keep doing so until now.
→All these years they __have_been_contributing__ articles to our magazine.
2．I started to drink coffee when I got to the office this afternoon.I am still drinking coffee now.
→ I __have_been_drinking___ coffee all the afternoon since I got to the office.
3. It has been six hours since the baby fell asleep.
→The baby __has_been_sleeping__ for six hours.
4．My brother joined the piano club three months ago.
→It __has_been__ three months since my brother__joined__ the piano club.
5．Li Lei moved to Hangzhou ten years ago and he is still living there now.
→Li Lei __has_been_living__ in Hangzhou for ten years.
6. The scientist came to study the Chinese ancient culture last year and he is still working in China.
→The scientist __has_been_studying__ the Chinese ancient culture since last year.
7．Tom's father died three years ago.
→Tom's father __has_been_dead__ for three years.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．这个项目的失败在很大程度上是由于他的粗心。
The failure of the project was largely __due_to__ his carelessness.
2．不知怎么地，我感觉事故的目击者在说谎。
__Somehow__,_I felt the witness to the accident was telling a lie.
3．贝拉受够了无趣的工作，决定再找一份新的。
Bella was __fed_up_with__ the boring job and decided to find a new one.
4．格雷丝代表公司在会议上介绍了新产品。
__On_behalf_of__ her company, Grace introduced a new product at the meeting.
5．互联网的使用在社会发展中具有重大意义。
The use of the Internet is __of_great_significance__ in the development of society.
Ⅳ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2019·北京卷)
Regardless of the weather or the distance，Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.
A retired engineer,76-year-old Wilson has been 1.C free rides to college students for the past eight years.Since he first started 2.D his car to the young people，Wilson has 3.B an astonishing 64,000 miles，and has had countless pleasant and often humorous 4.D with the students he transports to and from school.The students who he's 5.B have gone on to become physicians，teachers and engineers，but what they've also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson.Some students 6.A call him “Grandpa”．
Tina Stern 7.B rides from Wilson for all her four years in college，and the trips meant much more to her than just free 8.A .“It's not just a ride；you're not just sitting there in 9.B silence or with your headphones on，” Stern said.“He asks you questions and actually 10.D the answers，so the next time you ride with him，he'll 11.C those things.”
Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation，On Point for College.Although the 12.D asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes，Wilson often goes 13.C to ensure the welfare and safety of the students.If they have problems with registration，Wilson is there to 14.A them.If they run out of certain daily necessities，Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed.If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school，Wilson never 15.D to buy them a meal.
For many students，Wilson's help is not only appreciated，it's also entirely 16.C for them to be able to complete their college education.Some students don't have a reliable car，while others have to 17.A vehicles with parents who work six days a week.For them，riding with Wilson has 18.B them to complete their education—but according to Wilson，he benefits just as much from the 19.A .“I just love driving，and I love these kids，”Wilson said.“It's such a(n) 20.C to be a part of these kids' lives，even just for a few hours，getting to know them and hearing their stories.”
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位老人乐于助人的故事。老人虽已退休，但仍坚持发挥余热，待人友善，志愿搭载、接送大学生，并积极帮助他们解决生活中遇到的难题。本题考查考生在情感态度和价值观方面对语篇进行分析和阐释的能力，以及在掌握文章主旨大意和正确理解句与句、段与段之间的内在联系的基础上，准确运用动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词等的能力。
1．A．linking B．sending
C．offering D．distributing
解析：下文语境题。根据下文中的在过去八年中他自愿开车搭载学生可知，他是给大学生主动提供(offer)免费搭乘的。link 连接；send 派遣；distribute 分配。
2．A．donating B．lending
C．delivering D．volunteering
解析：上下文语境题。根据上文他自愿提供免费搭载服务给大学生可知，这里是回顾他的第一次自愿(volunteer)出车服务。donate捐献；lend借出；deliver递送。
3．A．paved B．covered
C．measured D．wandered
解析：上下文语境题。他开车接送学生已经行驶了(cover)惊人的64 000英里。cover此处意为“走完(一段路程)”。pave铺设；measure测量；wander游荡。
4．A．arguments B．interviews
C．negotiations D．conversations
解析：下文语境题。根据下文可知他在驾驶途中会和学生交谈(conversation)，他会询问问题并在下一次驾乘时核实答案。argument 争吵；interview采访；negotiation谈判。
5．A．met B．driven
C．addressed D．greeted
解析：上下文语境题。结合上下文语境可知，此处谈论的是他所搭载过的(drive)学生已成长为医师、教师和工程师。meet遇见；address演说；greet迎接。
6．A．even B．ever
C．once D．already
解析：上文语境题。根据上文中的“a role model and a friend”可知，有些学生把他当作榜样或朋友，有些学生甚至(even)喊他“爷爷”。
7．A．earned B．received
C．assessed D．demanded
解析：上下文语境题。老人帮助学生们，而Tina 是接受(receive)过帮助的学生之一。earn赚；assess评估；demand要求。
8．A．transportation B．style
C．time D．communication
解析：上下文语境题。这里与上文中的“free rides”相呼应，用free transportation。除免费搭乘(free transportation)之外，对学生们而言，旅途中还有更多收获。style风格；time时间；communication 交际。
9．A．forced B．awkward
C．ridiculous D．suspicious
解析：上下文语境题。这不仅仅是一次搭乘，你不只是在尴尬的(awkward)沉默中坐在那里或戴上耳机。forced被迫的；ridiculous荒唐的；suspicious 可疑的。
10．A．selects B．recites
C．guesses D．remembers
解析：下文语境题。下次他会核实这些答案，说明他当时是记住(remember)了答案。select挑选；recite背诵；guess猜测。
11．A．act on B．settle on
C．check on D．agree on
解析：上下文语境题。他会记住他问的这些问题的答案，然后下次乘车时他会核实(check on)答案。act on对……起作用；settle on决定；agree on 对……取得一致意见。
12．A．club B．league
C．college D．programme
解析：上文语境题。由上文中的“a student-support programme”可知，此处填programme。这个项目(programme)要求成员只是提供搭载服务。club俱乐部；league联盟；college大学。
13．A．far B．around
C．beyond D．forwards
解析：上下文语境题。go beyond 超越，根据上下文可知他所做的远远超出(go beyond)项目所要求的。go far 成功；go around四处走动；go forwards前进。
14．A．assist B．watch
C．urge D．warn
解析：上文语境题。根据上文可知他不仅提供搭载服务，当学生遇到困难时，他也会帮助(assist)他们。watch观察；urge催促；warn警告。
15．A．expects B．attempts
C．manages D．hesitates
解析：上文语境题。根据上文语境可知，如果有学生饿了，他会毫不犹豫地(never hesitate)给他们买饭。expect期待；attempt试图；manage管理。
16．A．extra B．unusual
C．necessary D．adequate
解析：下文语境题。根据下文可知这些帮助对于学生来说是很必要的(necessary)。extra额外的；unusual不寻常的；adequate 充足的。
17．A．share B．fuel
C．repair D．exchange
解析：上下文语境题。有些学生没有可靠的汽车，而有些学生不得不和父母共用一辆车，此处用share和后面的 with搭配。fuel加燃料；repair修理；exchange交流。
18．A．required B．allowed
C．reminded D．convinced
解析：上下文语境题。对于学生们而言，搭乘老人的车让他们能完成学业，allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事。require需要；remind提醒；convince说服。
19．A．experience B．arrangement
C．appreciation D．employment
解析：下文语境题。根据下文他爱驾驶也爱孩子们可知，老人觉得自己也从帮助学生的经历(experience)中受益。arrangement安排；appreciation欣赏；employment职业。
20．A．effort B．ambition
C．privilege D．convenience
解析：上下文语境题。他觉得融入孩子们是一种荣幸(privilege)。和上文中的“he benefits just as much from the experience”相呼应。effort努力；ambition雄心；convenience 便利。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward.The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone，who led the team，described the experiment：In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens.On one part of the screen，a symbol would appear，and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown.For example，the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8.If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice；if they went for the circle，they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.
After running hundreds of tests，the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time，indicating that they were performing a calculation，not just memorizing the value of each combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely，they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing，for example，a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6.The underestimation was systematic：When adding two numbers，the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two，and then added only a fraction (小部分) of the smaller number to it.
“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains，”Dr.Livingstone says.“But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了哈佛医学院做的一项动物实验，实验发现猴子能进行基本的加法运算，但加的结果有时会小于总和。
1．What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them？__C__
A．They fed them. B．They named them.
C．They trained them. D．They measured them.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys...”和“The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.”可知研究者们是先训练猴子然后才进行测试的，故选C项。其他三项均未提及。
2．How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment？__B__
A．By drawing a circle. B．By touching a screen.
C．By watching videos. D．By mixing two drinks.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice...”可知猴子们是通过触碰屏幕得到奖励的，故选B项。其他三项均不是猴子所做的事。
3．What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys？__A__
A．They could perform basic addition.
B．They could understand simple words.
C．They could memorize numbers easily.
D．They could hold their attention for long.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，研究人员在进行了数百次测试后发现，猴子多半时候会选择更高的值，这表明它们是在进行计算，而不仅仅是记忆每个组合的值。
4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear？__D__
A．Entertainment. B．Health.
C．Education. D．Science.
解析：推理判断题。全文围绕科学实验展开——研究者训练猴子并对其进行测试后发现猴子能够进行简单的加法运算，但有时计算的结果不够精确。由此可知，该文章可能出现在报纸的科学版上。
Ⅵ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
I ran my first race when I was nine.My dad, 1.who was a marathon runner, entered my siblingsand me into the race.I started running half marathons less than two years ago.I wanted to run theNYC Marathon 2.in memory of my father, who ran it when I was two years old and always talked about it as I 3.grew (grow) up.He passed away almost two years ago on the date of 4.the marathon, soI wanted to run it for him.
He 5.frequently (frequent) said that running that race was the greatest feeling.He would describe running over the Verrazano Bridge and the sense of friendship among runners.I was looking forward to 6.gaining (gain) the experience of running through the various 7.districts (district) and seeing so many people who came out.
I've always done it for physical fitness and stress management.But when my dad suffered a stroke 8.and couldn't run anymore, it was the most upsetting thing for him.Seeing 9.what happened to him made me want to run more.I think I'll be running as long as I 10.can physically do it.
文章大意：受父亲的影响作者喜欢上了马拉松，同时，作者参加马拉松也是为了纪念父亲。
解析：
1．考查定语从句。dad后的从句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为dad，关系词在从句中作主语，故用who引导该非限制性定语从句。
2．考查介词。in memory of是固定短语，表示“为了纪念……”。
3．考查时态和语态。本句中的“always talked about it”暗示，这里指在作者的成长过程中，父亲总是跟自己谈到马拉松。因此用一般过去时。I与grow为主谓关系，故填grew。
4．考查冠词。定冠词the在此表示特指。
5．考查词性转换之形容词变副词。所填词在句中修饰动词said，因此用副词。
6．考查非谓语动词。look forward to中的to是介词，其后接名词、动名词或代词。故此处用gain的动名词形式gaining。
7．考查名词的数。由句中的修饰词“various”可知此处用复数名词districts。
8．考查连词。suffered a stroke和couldn't run anymore是承接关系，故用and连接它们。
9．考查名词性从句。“Seeing”后的宾语从句缺少主语，所填词表示“……的事”，因此用what引导该从句。
10．考查情态动词。依据“I’ll be running”可知，这里指作者对未来的想法，as long as引导条件状语从句，can在从句中表示能力。
课件31张PPT。Unit 5 Meeting your ancestorsSection Ⅱ Learning about Language 自 主 预 习Ⅰ.单词速记
1．__________ (n.) 意义；重要性→__________ (adj.) 重要的；有意义的
2．__________ (adj.) 有系统的；有条理的→__________ (n.) 系统
3．__________ (v.) 吐出→过去式：spat→过去分词：spit
4．__________ (v.) 删除
5．__________(n.) 学院；学会→__________ (adj.) 学会的；学院的
6．__________ (n.) 接待员→__________ (n.) 接待处significance significant systematic system spit delete academy academic receptionist reception Ⅱ.短语互译
1．__________ 吐出来
2．_________________ 厌烦，厌倦
Ⅲ.语法感悟
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Up to now, we ________________(receive) no news from her.
2．With the help of the teachers, he __________(make) rapid progress in his studies.
3．With the rapid growth of population, the city __________ (spread) in all directions in the past five years.spit out be fed up with have received has made has spread 4．You should go to bed.You ____________________ (watch) TV for 5 hours.
5．I ______________________(write) letters since breakfast.
6．I ____________________(write) 3 letters since breakfast.
7．Sorry, but Mr.Smith__________(leave) for Beijing.
8．I ______________________(look) for him everywhere.Where can he be?
9．Joseph ______________________(go) to evening classes since last month, but he still can't say“What's your name？” in Russian.
10．—Who is Jerry Copper?
—__________ you __________ (not meet) him yet? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.have been watching have been writing have written has left have been looking has been going Haven't met 合 作 探 究①Few people realized the significance of the discovery.
很少有人意识到这一发现的重要性。
②What was the significance of her look?
她那种表情是什么意思？1．significance n. [U]意义；意思；重要性；重要意义重 点 词 汇(1)attach significance to重视；认为……重要
be of significance＝be significant 重要的；意义重大的
(2)significant adj. 相当数量的；意义重大的
(3)significantly adv. 意义深远地；意义重大地
注意：be of＋抽象名词(significance，help，importance，value，use，benefit等)用来说明句子主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义。在这类抽象名词前我们可用一些形容词，如：great，little，some，any，no，much等来修饰抽象名词，用以说明程度。①They are of great help to the learners of English.
他们对英语学习者有很大帮助。
②The book will be of great value to the students of studying history.
这本书对学历史的学生将很有价值。
③The meeting is of great importance.
这个会议很重要。
④This medicine is of no use.
这种药无效。
⑤This matter is of no significance.
这件事无关紧要。单句语法填空
①I think his research on renewable (可再生的) energy sources is __________ great significance.
②Most students think it __________ to join the English corner，though a few haven't realized the __________ of it.(significant)
③Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a __________(significant) greater sense of belonging，a bond with others.
句型转换
④His advice is very significant to the beginners.
→His advice __________________________ to the beginners.of significant significance significantly is of great significance ①Somehow we must get to Qingdao.
我们得设法抵达青岛。
②Somehow, I don't feel I can trust him.
不知什么缘故，我觉得不能信任他。2．somehow adv. 以某种方式；通过某种途径；不知怎么地somehow or other以某种方法
someway＝somehow以某种方式；不知怎么地
somewhat adv.稍微；有点儿
anyhow＝anyway 无论如何；尽管；即使这样
The water was very cold but I took a shower anyway.
水很冷，不过我还是洗了个淋浴。用somehow, somewhat, anyway填空
①First, the place where the man died was __________ sheltered, so animals couldn't find it.
解析：考查副词。句意：首先这个人死的地方稍微隐蔽些，所以动物不能找到它。somewhat意为“稍微；有点”，符合题意。
②We may look at the world around us, but __________ we manage not to see it until whatever we've become used to suddenly disappears.
解析：考查副词。句意：我们或许会看我们周围的世界，但是不知怎么地，直到我们已经习惯的所有东西突然消失时，我们才能设法看到它。somehow意为“不知怎么地；以……方式”，符合题意。somewhat somehow ③He decided he would do it just for the fun of it, not the money—the fridge he bought cost him more than ￡100 __________!
解析：考查副词。句意：他决定他愿意仅仅为了它的乐趣而做它，不是为了钱——尽管他买的冰箱花费了他100多英镑。anyway意为“即使这样；尽管”，符合题意。anyway ①She was fed up with her dog.
她对自己的狗感到厌烦。
②I am fed up with the same old sandwiches.
我已经吃厌了这种同样的老式汉堡包。
同义短语：be tired of/be bored with/be sick of对……感到厌倦、厌烦fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦重 点 短 语feed up(把人、动物)养肥，让……吃饱
feed back 反应；反馈
feed sb./sth.on sth.用……喂养……
feed sth.to sb./sth.喂……给……
feed on sth.(动物)以……为食；靠……生活
live on sth.(人)以……为主食；靠……生活
come up with 想出
keep up with 跟上
catch up with 赶上
end up with 以……结束①You look fed up.What's the matter?
你满脸不高兴的样子。怎么啦？
②Birds feed on worms and grains.
鸟以虫和谷物为食。
③We can't change the bad weather, so we must put up with it.
我们改变不了这种坏天气，所以对它只好忍受。
④The party ended up with a song that everyone is familiar with.
这个晚会以大家都熟悉的一首歌来结束。单句语法填空
①The little girl，together with her mother，is feeding biscuits __________ the goldfish in the pond.
②The kind of animal feeds mainly __________ grass and fruits.
③What do you feed your baby __________ besides mashed potatoes?
④These children are fed up __________ the same breakfast every morning.to on on with 单 元 语 法复习现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时的结构：
主语＋have/has＋been＋v.-ing
一、用法
1．延续：表示开始于过去的活动持续到现在，并且活动往往还没有结束，将继续持续下去。
①I have been living in Hawaii for ten years.
我在夏威夷已经生活了十年。②She has been burning the midnight oil to prepare for GRE.
她最近在熬夜准备GRE考试。
③Tom has been playing the online games for more than twenty hours.
汤姆玩网游已经超过二十个小时了。
④What happened to you？Have you been crying?
你怎么了？你是不是一直在哭？2．重复：到目前为止的一段时间内重复发生的活动。
①He has been going to Seattle for half a year.
他在半年间经常去西雅图。
②I have been telling you not to make trouble.
我一直劝你不要找麻烦。
③The old man has been repairing cars for thirty years.
老人修车修了三十年了。
④Jack has been practising Tai Chi for more than a year.
杰克练太极一年多了。二、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
1．现在完成时强调完成和影响，现在完成进行时强调未完成和动作。
①He has painted the room.
他已经粉刷过房间了。(影响：墙壁是干净的)
②He has been painting the room.
他一直在粉刷房间。 (还未粉刷完)
③I have thought it over.
我已经考虑过了。(影响：现在可以给出回复)
④I have been thinking it over.
我一直在考虑这件事。 (还未考虑清楚)2．现在完成时经常表单个事件，现在完成进行时可表重复事件。
①Amy has gone to the library.
埃米去图书馆了。
②Amy has been going to the library for a year.
埃米在一年间经常去图书馆。
③Tom has met the girl in the library again.
汤姆在图书馆再次遇到那个女孩。
④Tom has been meeting the girl in the library lately.
汤姆近来经常在图书馆遇到那个女孩。3．现在完成时陈述事实，现在完成进行时表感彩。
①What have you done?
你做什么了？(仅是问问)
②I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this：“Dad，I always told you I’d come back and get my degree.”
我已经等了30多年才得以说这句话：“老爸，我一直都在告诉你，我会回来拿到学位的。”(难以抑制的兴奋之情)
③Where have you been？I have been waiting for you in the rain for two hours.
你去哪了？我在雨中等了你两个小时。(不满)4．表重复时：现在完成时强调结果，讲次数；现在完成进行时强调持续，不讲次数。
①I have sent thirty e-mails this morning.
我今天上午发了三十封电子邮件。
②I have been sending e-mails this morning.
我今天上午一直在发电子邮件。单句语法填空
①Companies ________________ (test) their vehicles in cities across the country.
解析：考查现在完成进行时。句意：公司已经一直在全国各地的城市测试他们的车辆。
②I __________ (read) half of the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.
解析：考查时态。句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末把另一半看完。发生在过去的动作，对现在产生影响，用现在完成时。“看小说”这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用完成时。have been testing have read ③Dashan, who ____________________(learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.
解析：考查时态。本句的时间状语是“for decades几十年来”，该时间状语通常和现在完成时的有关时态连用，本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。故填has been learning。has been learning ④—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and ______________ (write) his essay there ever since.
⑤Since the time humankind started gardening, we ____________________ (try) to make our environment more beautiful.
⑥Tony, why are your eyes red?
—I ________________ (cut) up peppers for the fast five minutes.has been writing have been trying have been cutting
