Unit 3 Section Ⅰ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A bicycle is often far more c onvenient than a car in busy cities.
2．He was called Smith Minor to d istinguish him from the other Smith.
3．The little boy stretched out his hands to s eize the toy.
4．Mother puts p erfume on her handkerchief to make it smell pleasant.
5．With much c aution he climbed to the top of the wall.
6．The beauty of the West Lake in spring was beyond his expectation (预期)．
7．He had a kind heart and did merciful (慈悲的) deeds.
8．I heard her laughing merrily (愉快地) in the next room.
9．Success in making money is not always a good criterion (标准) of success in life.
10．The abrupt (突然的) change of the schedule gave me lots of trouble.
Ⅱ.用适当的介、副词填空
1．The boss is cautious about making promises.
2．There is very little to distinguish it from the hundreds of
other websites.
3．She tries to set aside some money every month.
4．They were lost at sea at the mercy of weather.
5．Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?
6．The stories called me up old times.
7．By coincidence, we arrived here at the same time.
8．You can find out many advantages in the urban life.
9．The frame of the umbrella is made of metal.
10．The rumours were eagerly seized upon by the local press.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Oh，my dear ! Could you distinguish right from wrong?
2．Dad always drives with caution ,_so he is recognized as one of the best drivers.
3．The picture called him up the time when he was brought up in the village.
4．One afternoon she set about riding without an umbrella and was caught in a storm at last.
5．Yes，of course.I do now and then if it's convenient.
Unit 3 Section Ⅰ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He got a patent (专利权) for this invention.
2．Flour is a powder (粉末) made from wheat.
3．Can you smell the perfume (香味) of the roses?
4．Before he could run away, she seized (抓住) him by the collar.
5．A credit card is not a valid (有效的) proof of identity.
6．Fran came in holding a blue file (文件夹)．
7．Most tomatoes are red when ripe (成熟的), but some kinds are yellow.
8．If our product (产品) is properly marketed, it shall sell very well.
9．The volume of this container is 20 cubic (立方的) meters.
10. The teachers have great expectations (期望) for her future.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1．I know he is not worth trusting, but at the same time (与此同时), I must admit he is a good worker.
2. The whole ground was covered with (被……覆盖) heavy snow.
3．I lifted the vase and placed it on the shelf with great caution .
4．I bent down (弯腰) to see what was lying on the ground.
5．She picked up (捡起) some paper on the ground and placed it in the dustbin.
6．Everything went on according to (根据) our original plan.
7．You should seize the opportunity (抓住机会) and improve your spoken English.
8．There are a large number of (许多) people waiting at the entrance to the theater to see the actress in person.
9.Forgive me to call you up (给……打电话) so early please.
10．He writes to us every week to catch us up on what's happening in the countryside (在农村)．
Ⅲ.完形填空
My father was a professional music teacher.He 1.A teaching Hawaiian and Spanish guitar, as well as the accordion(手风琴)．My mother was a 2.C piano player and, in fact, the whole family was very 3.B .I was the only one who had not been involved, yet，in 4.D to play a musical instrument.
And，as a lot of 5.C do, I was enrolled (注册) in 6.A lessons even though I had no interest at all in learning how to play it.So, it 7.D .Lesson after lesson I stood but rebelling (反对) at the 8.B it took to practice—I'd rather have been outside playing with my friends.Finally, I just 9.A practicing and my piano teacher told my parents that I was 10.C .Great—no more piano lessons.
Now, I was free from practicing the piano，but my parents
11.B desired that I learn a musical instrument.The long and short of it was this：I wasn't 12.D at this time, nor did I want to learn an instrument that they 13.A for me.I guess I was a bit headstrong but，at the same time，I 14.D what I wasn't interested in.
The musical story doesn't end here. 15.C goes on to where I decided what I wanted to learn，to play and that ended up being the drums. I 16.B playing the drums and went on to play in several 17.A for many years after that.
If you are not 18.D to do something no matter how much someone else wants you to do it，you won't do it. 19.C ，at the very least，you will certainly not put your heart and soul into it and will surely 20.B .We all make choices sooner or later but those choices cannot be forced on you with any success.
文章大意：作者出生在一个音乐世家，父母要求作者学习弹钢琴，可是作者对其毫无兴趣，最后违背了家长的意愿，从事了自己喜爱的架子鼓，并取得了很好的成绩。
1．A．specialized in B．stuck to
C．stood for D．depended on
解析：根据前句的意思可知，他是一名音乐教师专门(specialized in)教夏威夷和西班牙吉他。
2．A．limited B．determined
C．skilled D．devoted
解析：联系下文中的“I was the only one who had not been involved”，说明妈妈是一个技术熟练的(skilled)钢琴演奏者。
3．A．thankful B．musical
C．peaceful D．practical
解析：爸爸专攻吉他，妈妈擅长弹钢琴，很明显，整个家庭都是爱好音乐的(musical)。
4．A．pretending B．managing
C．promising D．learning
解析：现在作者还没有涉及学习(learning)演奏乐器的事情。
5．A．schools B．relatives
C．families D．hospitals
解析：父母要求孩子学习钢琴，这应该是有关家庭教育方面的话题，所以这里从句的意思应该是：正如许多家庭(families)做的那样。
6．A．piano B．drum
C．according D．guitar
解析：根据下文中的“my piano teacher”可知，这里指钢琴(piano)课。
7．A．remained B．followed
C．changed D．started
解析：联系后面的“Lesson after lesson”等信息可知，钢琴课开始(started)了。
8．A．money B．time
C．chance D．patience
解析：结合下文中的“I'd rather have been outside playing with my friends”可知，此处指练习弹琴的时间(time)。
9．A．quit B．denied
C．risked D．kept
解析：根据下文中的“Great—no more piano lessons”知，作者停止(quit)了练习弹琴。
10．A．fearless B．helpless
C．hopeless D．useless
解析：作者不再练习弹琴，所以老师告诉作者的父母作者毫无希望了(hopeless)。
11．A．also B．still
C．never D．even
解析：根据句中but所表示的转折意义可知，父母仍然(still)希望作者学习演奏乐器。
12．A．surprised B．worried
C．excited D．interested
解析：联系上文第二段中的“I stood but rebelling(反对)”，还有下文中的“what I wasn't interested in”可知，作者对学习乐器并不感兴趣(interested)。
13．A．picked B．bought
C．repaired D．invented
解析：是作者的父母让作者学习弹钢琴，由此可知，这里指由父母给作者选择(picked)的乐器。
14．A．thought B．explained
C．forgot D．knew
解析：根据下文中的“I decided what I wanted to learn，to play and that ended up being the drums”可知，作者知道(knew)自己对什么不感兴趣。
15．A．He B．I
C．It D．She
解析：此处指上文中提到的音乐故事，而不是指人。
16．A．finished B．loved
C．minded D．avoided
解析：结合句中的“went on to play”等语境可以推知，作者喜欢(loved)打鼓。
17．A．bands B．classes
C．stadiums D．squares
解析：其实打鼓也是一种音乐活动，所以此处指乐队(bands)。
18．A．suitable B．necessary
C．anxious D．ready
解析：如果你不愿意(ready)做什么事情，无论别人怎么想让你去做，你也不会做的。
19．A．Besides B．However
C．Or D．Instead
解析：分析此处的逻辑关系可知，上下文表示并列的关系，或者(or)至少你不会用心去做……。
20．A．happen B．fail
C．appear D．exist
解析：你不用心去做，当然最后是失败(fail)。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common，the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces.At present，these technologies are still expensive，though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine people's identities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed，with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive，plastic-like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
文章大意：本文是一篇科研报道。来自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员发明了一种智能键盘，可以通过分析用户的打字模式来判断该用户是不是安全访客。
1．Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard？ D
A．To reduce pressure on keys.
B．To improve accuracy in typing.
C．To replace the password system.
D．To cut the cost of e-space protection.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard.”以及第一段最后一句“At present，these technologies are still expensive，though.”可推知，研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护技术的成本。注意题干、正确选项以及原文中一些词汇的多次呼应现象：develop与come up with是同义词，expensive与low-cost是反义词，cut the cost与low-cost相呼应。
2．What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？ C
A．Computers are much easier to operate.
B．Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C．Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D．Data security measures are guaranteed.
解析：推理判断题。题干问的是“是什么让智能键盘的发明成为可能”，也就是问这一发明的核心依据是什么。根据第二段中的“These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine people's identities...”可知，正是因为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来判断该用户是不是安全访客，故C项符合题意。解答该题的关键是看懂题干的意思，即智能键盘的核心依据是什么。
3．What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？ B
A．It'll be environment-friendly.
B．It'll reach consumers soon.
C．It'll be made of plastics.
D．It'll help speed up typing.
解析：细节理解题。根据题干“研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望”可直接定位到最后一段的最后一句话“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”，该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B项。注意：题干中的expect与原文中的hope呼应，答案选项中的consumers与原文中的market呼应。
4．Where is this text most likely from？ D
A．A diary. B．A guidebook.
C．A novel. D．A magazine.
解析：文章出处题。根据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及第二段中的“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device...”，尤其是其中的关键词researchers，low-cost device等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。
Ⅴ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。
Without us even realizing it, smartphones have taken over our lives.Most of us can't go much longer than 10 minutes before we check our phones. 1.F There was a time, however, before smartphones even existed.
1．Watching Gigs Without Being Compelled to Film
Before smartphones took over our lives, we actually watched concerts with our eyes. 2.G
2．Trying and Failing to Date Other People
Dating without the help of the smartphone was a very real and painful situation.The sheer terror of actually having to approach a real person, in real life, is utterly unthinkable and we can all let out a sigh of relief for the invention of dating apps.
3． 3.B
Before access to online maps was a regular part of our world, we faced the very real danger of getting lost and having no idea how to get out.The fact that more of us didn't vanish off the face of the earth is frankly a miracle.
4．Making Proper Mixtapes, on Real Tapes
If we wanted to express how we felt to others, we had to do the following.We went to all of the effort of finding real CDs and somehow, recording all of the best bits onto another blank disc.That was love.Now, we're just all a bit lazy.
5．Learning Phone Numbers off by Heart
If we wanted to call our beloved out of the blue, we had to commit their digits to memory.The fact that we managed to memorize all of our essential numbers is an incredible feat and should be celebrated.
6．Ignoring Your Embarrassing Questions
If you wanted to find out more about a weird spot on your back, or look into a trashy celebrity's early life, you normally just let it go. 4.A and unless you really wanted the truth, you normally forgot all about it.
7．Twiddling Your Fingers on the Toilet
5.D With nothing to look at but white walls and the ground, most of us took up finger twiddling as a bathroom pastime.
A．Finding out information required a lot of effort
B．Getting Genuinely Lost
C．All of us had unpleasant experiences with smartphones.
D．A trip to the toilet used to be a blank spot in the day.
E．Toilet was always a good place to make a serious thought about life.
F．If we find ourselves without the device, we can feel more than a little lost.
G．But now, seeing anything that isn't framed by a mini screen just feels wrong.
文章大意：手机已经占领了我们的生活，手机控无处不在。文章帮我们回忆了手机发明前的生活状况。
解析：
1．上文从正面介绍了人们对手机的依赖和痴迷程度：许多人甚至坚持不了10分钟，就一定要去看一下手机。所以此处应该是从反面阐述人们对手机的依赖。故F项“如果我们发现手机不在身边，就会有一种深深的失落感。”符合逻辑。
2．本段阐述的是在手机占领我们的生活前后视觉的变化。空前句子中的watched和G项中的seeing相呼应。
3．本段的关键词为getting lost，只有B项“真的会迷路”与之匹配。
4．本段的主题句为：无视你脑中的囧问题。这些“问题”就是空格前所说的问题，A项“Finding out information required a lot of effort”是对这些问题的进一步描述。故选A项。
5．本段的主题句Twiddling Your Fingers on the Toilet意为“在马桶上无聊地玩手指”。空后表达意思是：除了白色的墙壁和地板没有什么可看的，所以许多人就只好玩手指，当作如厕时间的消遣。这与D项“过去，上厕所的时间通常是一天中空白的时间。”一致。故选D项。
课件90张PPT。Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsSection Ⅰ Warming up；Pre-reading，Reading & Comprehending自 主 预 习Ⅰ.单词速记
1．__________ (n.)专利证书；专利权
2．__________(n.)产品
3．__________(vi.& vt.)显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
4．__________(n.)粉末；火药
5．__________(vt.)抓住；捉住；夺
6．__________(n.)文件；档案；文件夹
(vt.)提交；将……归档patent product distinguish powder seize file 7．__________(adj.)熟的；成熟的
8．mercy (n.)仁慈；宽恕→__________(adj.)宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→__________(adv.)仁慈地；宽厚地
9．cube(n.)立方体；立方→__________(adj.)立方的
10．abrupt(adj.)突然的；意外的→__________(adv.)突然地；唐突地
11．convenient(adj.)便利的；方便的；就近的→_______________(n.)便利；方便→________________(adv.)方便地
12．cautious(adj.)谨慎的；小心的→__________(n.)小心；谨慎
13．expect(v.)期望；预期→__________(n.)预料；期待；期望
14．merry(adj.)愉快的；高兴的→__________(adv.)高兴地；愉快地ripe merciful mercifully cubic abruptly convenience conveniently caution expectation merrily Ⅱ.短语互译
1．给……打电话__________
2．偶尔；有时__________
3．开始；着手__________
4．把……和……区别开_______________
5．apply for a patent__________
6．in the countryside__________
7．get rid of__________
8．decide on__________call up now and then set about distinguish...from... 申请专利 在农村/乡下 除掉；摆脱 决定 Ⅲ.课文理解
First 略读主旨
1．Read the text quickly and fill in the blanks.This reading is about one small problem that needed to __________.The way the inventor goes about it and particularly her efforts to improve the __________ are very important to the __________ process.be solved solution inventing 2．Match the general idea with each part.
Part 1(Para.1)__________ A．the research on the approaches
Part 2(Paras.2,3)__________ B．the attempts to catch the snakes
Part 3(Paras.4—6)__________
C．the requirements of getting a patent
Part 4(Paras.7,8)__________ D．the discovery of the problems of snakesDABCSecond 细读细节
1．The writer was successful to catch the snakes in __________attempt.
A．the first B．the second
C．the third D．every
2．The following are used in the three attempts EXCEPT __________.
A．perfume B．a bowl
C．jelly D．ice-cubesCA3.Which of the following may get a patent according to the text？__________
A．A computer programme.
B．A new animal variety.
C．A work of literature.
D．A truly novel and useful invention.D4．The purpose in writing this text is __________.
A． to show us how to trap the snakes but not to kill them
B．to tell people how to apply for a patent of the writer's new idea
C．to introduce the writer's new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patent
D．to tell the readers how to get a new idea and make it a patentC5．The biggest advantage of the writer's new idea is that __________.
A．it makes the snakes move slowly
B．it makes the snakes hardly bite us
C．it is easier for us to kill the snakes without hurting ourselves
D．it is easier for us to catch the snakes without killing themDThird 精读语篇
When I called up my mother on the phone, she was very upset, 1.__________ some snakes came near her house now and then.I thought it 2.__________ (be) a chance for me to distinguish 3.__________ by inventing something merciful 4.__________ would get rid of the snakes.I set about 5.__________ (research) the habit of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.Finally I decided on three possible 6.__________ (approach)．My first two attempts both failed, so I had 7.__________ (improve) my design again.To my great delight, this time I succeeded.All was in 8.__________ (expect) and at last I collected the passive snakes and merrily released them all back into the wild.9.__________(press) by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea 10.__________ sending my invention to the patent office.because was myself that researching approaches to improve expectation Pressed by Fourth 研读难句
1．Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.
分析：本句为复合句。主句为倒装句，主语为__________。that引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词something，并且that不可以省略。merciful为形容词，用来修饰__________。distinguish oneself是固定短语，表示：显扬自己；使自己扬名。
译文：___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________a chance something 这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既 可以把蛇捉住，又不会伤害它们。 我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有什么产品能帮助我，但看来只有 设计用来毒杀蛇的药粉。 3．Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.
分析：这是一个__________。only修饰时间状语从句after you have had that recognition，并且位于句首，这时句子的主句要使用__________。
译文：___________________________________________________________倒装句 部分倒装 只有你得到这种认可之后，你才可以说自己是一个真正的发明家。 4．The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.
分析：本句为复合句。so...that句型表示：如此……以至于……。__________为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式to get new ideas accepted。__________引导的是条件状语从句。novel是形容词，意思是：新的；新颖的；新奇的。
译文：__________________________________________________________ ____________________it unless (评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难 被接受。 5．Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.
分析：本句为复合句。nor放于句首，主句用部分倒装。nor...until表示：不到……不；直到……才。that引导的是宾语从句。__________是固定短语，表示：找出；查出；查明。
译文：__________________________________________________________find out 你的产品要经过仔细调查，证明它确实与众不同，你才能获得专利。 合 作 探 究①The man distinguished himself by his wisdom.
这个人因智慧而扬名。
②Can you distinguish between those two objects?
你能区分那两个物体吗？
③Speeches distinguish man from animals.
语言使人类区别于动物。1．distinguish vi. & vt. 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别重 点 词 汇distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和……
distinguish...from...使……有别于……；使……具有区别于……的特征
be distinguished for...因……而出名
distinguish oneself (as...)(作为……)表现突出
distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的
distinguishable adj.易分辨的；能区分的
注意：distinguish常用于否定句，且常与can或could连用；tell也可表示“辨认，辨别”，常与can或could连用，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。 单句语法填空
①(2018·浙江阅读理解改编)No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition，energy and luck made Dickens such a _____________(distinguish) writer.
②A black object is not easily __________________(distinguish) at night.
③(2017·江苏阅读理解改编)Before birth，babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother's voice __________that of a female stranger.
④Hangzhou is distinguished __________ its beautiful scenery.
解析：句意：杭州因其美景而著称。for表示原因。distinguished distinguishable from for They asked her to be merciful to the prisoners.
他们要求她对犯人慈悲为怀。2．merciful adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的mercifully adv. 仁慈地；宽厚地；幸运地
mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
ask/beg/plead for mercy 请求/乞求/祈求宽恕
show no mercy to 对……丝毫不讲仁慈/毫不怜悯……
have mercy on 怜悯……
at the mercy of 任凭……的摆布
without mercy 无情地①He is a kind boss, who treats the workers mercifully.
他是一位好心的老板，对待工人很仁慈。
②We showed no mercy to the traitor.
我们毫不怜悯那个叛徒。
③They were lost at the sea, at the mercy of the wind and weather.
他们在海上迷了路，任凭风和天气的摆布。用mercy的正确形式填空
①Antonio was __________ that he even showed __________ to Shylock.
②_____________,_I managed to stop the car just in time.
单句语法填空
③If we are blind to our own faults，we will not be very __________(mercy) towards others.
④They were lost at the sea，and they found themselves __________ the mercy of the wind and waves.merciful mercy Mercifully merciful at ⑤They pled __________ mercy but their pleas (请求) met with abuse and laughter.
⑥She is a kind-hearted woman and often has mercy __________ people who are in trouble.
⑦To everyone's anger，the dog was killed by the boss of this restaurant __________mercy.for on without They came here in search of new markets for their products.
他们来此为他们的产品寻找新市场。3．product n．产品；产物；产量produce vt.生产；制造 n．(集合用法)农产品
producer n．生产者
production n．生产；产量；总产量
productive adj.多产的；富有成效的
The factory produces 1,000 cars a week.
这家工厂每星期生产一千辆轿车。
fresh produce新鲜的农产品用produce的恰当形式填空
①他们可以帮你比较两个不同的产品。
They can help you to compare two different __________.
②这些树生产橡胶。
These trees __________ rubber.
③他是好几个电视节目的制作人。
He is the __________ of several TV shows.
④如果我们不能卖出更多的货物，就必须降低产量。
If we can't sell more goods, we'll have to cut back on the __________.products produce producer production ⑤这本论述教育的书是他的最新作品。
This book on educations is his latest __________.
⑥这个会议成效不太大。
It wasn't a very __________ meeting.production productive ①It is not convenient for me to ring him up.
我现在不便于给他打电话。
②Please come at six if it's convenient for you.
如果你方便的话，请在六点钟来。
③The digital camera is simple and convenient to use.
这台数码相机使用起来简单方便。4．convenient adj. 便利的；方便的；就近的(1)be convenient for对……是方便的
It is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人方便做某事
(2)convenience[U]方便；便利 [C]便利的设施
for convenience为了方便起见
at one's convenience在某人方便的时候
(3)conveniently adv.方便地
It is convenient for me to get to the railway station.
我到火车站很便利。
注意：convenient通常不以人作主语，常用结构为“sth.be convenient for sb.”及“It's convenient (for sb.) to do sth.”。单句改错
①Some think online shopping was more convenience and the goods are cheaper.________________________________
解析：根据并列连词and后的cheaper可知应用名词convenience的形容词形式作表语。
②To convenience, he moved to live in his office.__________
解析：句意：为方便起见，他搬到了办公室居住。考查介词短语。for convenience意为“为了方便起见”，为固定搭配。convenience→convenient To→For 单句语法填空
③Please come whenever it is __________ (convenience) for you.
解析：考查固定句式。句意：无论你什么时候方便都可以来。it is convenient for sb.意为“对某人来说方便的话”，故用convenience的形容词形式。
④We bought this house __________ convenience; it's near the school.
解析：考查介词短语。句意：为方便起见我们买了这所房子。它靠近学校。根据题干信息“靠近学校”可知“买房子就是为了方便”。for convenience意为“为了方便起见”，符合题意。convenient for ①It's our expectation that you will do well.
我们期待你干得出色。
②She looked at me with expectation.
她满怀期待地看着我。5．expectation n．[C，U]预料；期待；期望(1)against all expectation(s) 出乎预料
contrary to expectation(s) 出乎预料
come/live up to one's expectations 不负所望
beyond expectation 料想不到
in expectation of 期待，指望，预料
(2)expect vt. 期望；盼望 后可跟名词或代词、不定式、复合宾语、从句等
常用搭配：expect sth./(sb.) to do sth./that...期望；盼望……
①Against all expectations, Mike finished high school with top grades.
出乎所有人的预料，迈克中学毕业时成绩优异。②He succeeded beyond our expectations.
我们没有料想到，他成功了。
③I expect him to come.
我盼望他来。单句语法填空
①The man did it in expectation __________ nothing.
②He failed to live up __________ the expectations of his parents.
③The player is expected __________ (do) better this time.
补全句子
④Like some of my classmates，I cannot _____________________________ (达到我的老师的预期)．
⑤I came across my university professor in the supermarket near my house，which was ___________________________(出乎我的预料)．of to to do live up to my teacher's expectations beyond my expectations ①I decided to seize the opportunity to make success.
我决定抓住这个机会来获得成功。
②I can't quite seize your meaning.
我不太理解你的意思。
③The enemy seized the town after a violent attack.
敌人猛攻后占领了这个城镇。6．seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺；攻占be seized with an illness 害病
seize sb.by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊
seize the chance/opportunity 抓住机会
seize...by surprise 突袭……
seize on/upon 抓住，利用(借口等)
①He seized Mary by the arm when she wanted to leave.
当玛丽想离开时他一把抓住了她的胳膊。
②Tom seized on the excuse to get out of the practice.
汤姆利用这个借口逃避了练习。①The thieves will snatch your last bob if you give them half a chance.
一有机会，小偷便会抢走你的最后一个铜板。
②Yesterday he caught a bird.
昨天他抓住一只鸟。
③He grasped the idea and did his work smoothly.
他抓住了要领，做起工作来很顺手。
④He grabbed the money and left.
他抓了钱就走了。单句语法填空
①Only by __________ (seize)every minute can we finish it on time.
②Companies were quick to seize __________ the chance offered by new technology.
③While crossing the road, he often seizes his father by __________ arm.
④I seized him __________ surprise and he had no time to think of an excuse.seizing on the by You should exercise extreme caution when driving in rain.
在雨中开车要极为小心。7．caution n．小心，谨慎(1)with caution 小心翼翼地
(2)cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的
be cautious about 对……小心
cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地
①The question of repeating a grade must be handled with caution.
留级的问题要慎重。
②People might be cautious about believing this statement.
不过人们可能不会轻易相信这种说法。
③Handle the vase cautiously.
花瓶要轻拿轻放。单句语法填空
①He did the experiment with great __________.
②You should be __________ when crossing the street.
③He looked around __________ when driving out.
完成句子
④You should _______________ what you say to the little girl, for she is too sensitive.
对这个小女孩说话时要当心点，她太敏感了。caution cautious cautiously be cautious about I'll call you up this evening if possible.
可能的话今晚我给你打电话。1．call up给……打电话；使……回忆起；召集，召集……入伍重 点 短 语call up当表示“打电话”时，call up＝ring up＝ring＝call
①She can still call up scenes of childhood.
她仍能想起儿时的情景。
②I was called up three months after the war broke out.
战争爆发3个月后，我被征召入伍。call back回电话
call for需要；要求；接(人或物)
call in召集；请来
call on sb.激起；要求
call on sb.to do sth.号召某人做某事
call off取消
I will call for you at 8 o'clock at the school gate.
我8点钟在学校门口来接你。单句语法填空
①Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call __________ help when in need.
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：或者，你可以开始随身携带有用的电话号码，以便需要时求助用。call for意为“需要，要求”。故用介词for。
②Today's race should have been called __________ or rescheduled.
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：今天的竞赛本应该被取消或重新安排。call off 意为“取消；放弃”，符合题意。故用off。for off ③But all of us are called __________ daily to make a great many personal decisions.
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：但是我们中的所有人每天都被要求做出许多个人决定。call upon/on sb.to do sth.意为“号召/要求某人做某事”。
④Angry owners have called on the government __________ (build) sea defenses to protect their homes.
解析：考查不定式。句意：愤怒的主人已经呼吁政府去建设海防来保卫他们的家乡。call on sb.to do sth.意为“呼吁某人去做某事”。故用不定式作宾语补足语。on/upon to build ①A team of volunteers set about the work with determination.
一组志愿者决心着手做这项工作。
②She set about answering letters as soon as she arrived at the office.
她一到办公室就开始写回信。2．set about (doing sth.) 开始(做)；着手(干某事)set out 出发；启程
set out to do sth.开始做某事
set off 出发；动身；开始(旅行、赛跑等)
set aside 留出；拨出；对……不予考虑；(为某目的)节省或保留(钱或时间)
set down 记下；写下；放下
set up 设置；创立；开办
set out for＝set off for＝leave for 出发到某地去
set back 阻碍某事物发展；把(钟表指针)往回拨
set sth.off 使(炸弹、地雷等)爆炸
set sth.up 摆放或竖起某物；创(体育)记录注意：set about中about为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
①The bomb could be set off by the slightest touch.
最轻微的碰撞都可能引爆这颗炸弹。
②Let's set aside my personal feelings for now.
目前咱们就不要顾及我的个人感情了。
③He set out to break the record for the channel swim.
他决心打破游过海峡的记录。单句语法填空
①Researchers from Oxford set out __________ (prove) whether the claim that coffee drunk from a white cup tastes bitter was true.
解析：考查不定式。句意：来自牛津大学的研究人员开始验证用白色杯子喝咖啡味道苦的断言是否是真的。set out to do sth.意为“开始做某事”。
②In 1271, Niccolo and Maffeo set __________ again for Asia, this time taking Marco with them.
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：在1271年，尼科罗和马费奥再次启程去亚洲，这次是带着马克与他们一起去的。set off意为“启程；出发”，符合题意。to prove off ③It can set __________ a warm conversation between the two people far apart (远离的)．
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：它可以在距离遥远的两个人之间创建热情的谈话。set up意为“创建，创立；搭建”，符合题意。
④Every day, when she comes back home from work, she sets about __________ (do) housework，sweeping the living room and putting everything in good order.
解析：考查动名词。句意：每天，她下班回家就开始做家务，打扫起居室，把每件东西摆放整齐。set about doing sth.意为“开始做某事”，about为介词，后跟动名词。up doing 1．The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.
我所做的第一件事就是看有没有什么产品可能帮助我，但是，看来只有一种毒死蛇的药粉。经 典 句 式(1)本句为but连接的两个并列分句，其结构如下：(2)there seem to be是there be句型的变体，表示“似乎有……”。与there可以连用的谓语动词还有：be going to, appear to, used to, be likely to, happen to等。
There seem to be fewer tourists around this year.
今年来访的旅游者似乎少了。
There are going to be two English parties next week.
下周有两场英语晚会。
There used to be a bridge across the river.
过去河上有座桥。there be句型中的be有时还可以换成其他表示“有，存在”的词，如live，stand，lie，remain等。
There stands a man-made hill near the lake.
在湖边有一座假山。
There remained in the village only women and children.
村子里只剩下妇女和儿童。完成句子
①_______________ no time for play now.
现在似乎没有时间玩了。
②____________________ some money in my pocket.
我的口袋里碰巧有点儿钱。
单句改错
③It remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
It→ThereThere seems to be There happened to be when cooled的构成为：连词＋过去分词，相当于when引导的状语从句：when it is cooled。这属于状语从句的省略现象，省略了从句的主语it和系动词is。
注意：如果连词引导的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it，且包含be动词，则可以省略从句的主语或it和be动词，形成“连词＋分词/形容词”结构，原从句为主动结构时，分词为现在分词；原从句为被动结构时，分词为过去分词。2．Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled.
在碗的内壁和外壁都抹上果冻，这些果冻冷却后会冻结。When walking in the street, I met my teacher.(＝When I was walking in the street...)
当我正在街上走的时候，我遇见了我的老师。
The ball will hit others if thrown out of window(＝...if it is thrown out of window)．
这球会打到其他人如果它被扔到窗外的话。
If necessary, I'll give you the answer.(＝If it is necessary，I'll give you the answer.)
如果有必要，我会把答案给你们。单句语法填空
①It usually happens as __________ (describe) above.
②If properly __________ (treat), waste will do no harm to the environment.
③(湖南高考改编)Video games can be a poor influence if __________(leave) in the wrong hands.
④(2018·天津阅读表达改编)One day after school，while __________(explore) the green woods of this magnificent mountain，I almost fell on a set of stairs.described treated left exploring ⑤Many kids develop problems from finger sucking (吸吮手指) that can cause lifelong problems unless __________(treat) properly.
⑥To the couple's great surprise，the house was in a mess as if __________(break) into.
⑦(2018·全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解改编)When __________(combine) with berries or slices of other fruits，frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick，cooling fruit shakes and low fat“ice cream”．treated broken combined 补全句子
⑧I'll help you __________(如果可能的话)．
⑨Make some changes _________________(在必要的地方)．
⑩Don't be afraid of making mistakes ________________________(讲英语的时候)．if possible where necessary when speaking English before作连词表示时间时，根据其在句中的实际情况，译法有多种，具体可译为：
(1)在……之前
We lived in Paris before moving to London.
我们搬到伦敦之前住在巴黎。
(2)……(之后)才……
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
很长一段时间之后我才重新入睡。3．The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot.
第二天早上，天还不太热，我就早早地起床了。(3)(不多久)就……
It wasn't long before she came back.
不久她就回来了。
(4)以免……
Lock your bike before it gets stolen.
锁好你的自行车，以免被偷。
(5)还没来得及……就……
Before John stopped her, she ran out.
约翰还没来得及阻止她，她就跑了出去。翻译句子
①还要再过五天我们才能完成这项任务。
It will be another five days before we finish this task.
②不久就会有人来看你。
It won't be a long time before someone comes to see you.
③I'm sorry you've been waiting so long, but it'll still be some time before Lucy gets back.
很抱歉你已等了那么久，但仍要过一段时间露西才能回来。本句中but连接两个并列的动作freeze和place；as引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。as在英语中起的作用很多，它可以引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、方式状语从句、定语从句等。当引导让步状语从句时意为“虽然，尽管”，须用倒装语序。4．For the second attempt I froze the bowl and the ice-cubes again but placed them over the snakes habitat in the evening, as the temperature was starting to cool.
第二次试验时，我把碗和冰块再次冻好，但在傍晚气温开始下降的时候把它们放在蛇穴的上方。As he grew older, he became less patient.
他年龄越大变得越没有耐心。
As everybody is here，let's begin.
既然大家都到了，咱们开始吧。
Young as I am (＝Although I'm young), I know a lot.
尽管我年龄小，我知道很多东西。When the earthquake broke out, all the students were sleeping soundly.
当地震发生时，所有的学生正在熟睡。
The telephone rang while I was taking a bath.
我在洗澡时电话响了。
They talked as they walked along the river.
他们沿着河边走边谈。完成句子
①事情就如你喜欢的那样。
It is just __________.
②约翰一边工作一边唱歌。
John sings __________.
③虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为太贵了。
________________,_I won't buy, for it's too expensive.as you like as he works Much as I like it “only＋状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”位于句首时，句子须部分倒装。其结构为：
(1)only＋介词短语(in this way/under one's help等)＋助动词/情态动词/系动词be＋主语＋……。
Only in this way can you make improvement in the operating system.
只有用这种方法你才能改进操作系统。5．Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.
只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。(2)only＋连词(when/before/while/once/after等)引导的状语从句＋助动词/情态动词/系动词be＋主语＋……。
Only when he finishes the work can he go home.
只有在做完工作之后，他才能回家。
(3)only＋副词(then/now/here/there等)＋助动词/情态动词/系动词be＋主语＋……。
Only recently have I allowed myself to think of that again.
只有到了最近我才再次考虑这件事。
注意：有时only虽置于句首，但如果修饰主语，句子则不需倒装。
Only one thing can make him change his mind.
只有一件事才能使他改变主意。补全句子
①Only after my friend came ______________________ (电脑才被修理了)．
②Only when your identity has been checked ________________________(你才会被允许进入)．
单句改错
③Only then I understood what she meant.
I understand→did I understand
④Only when did he get home did he realize what had happened.
did he get→he gotwas the computer repaired will you be allowed in 以否定副词not，never, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, scarcely, rarely, neither, nor开头的句子要用部分倒装语序。
Never can you pass the exam if you don't devote yourself to your study.
如果你不全心全意地学习，你是不会通过考试的。 6．Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.
你的产品要经过仔细调查，证明它确实是与众不同的，你才能获得专利。以否定词no，not，never, neither，nor(这5个以n开头的否定词)以及hardly, seldom, few，little等开头的句子要用部分倒装。
Never has the straightforward girl put herself into my heart.
这个直率的女孩从未让我这么刻骨铭心过。
Seldom does Tom go to the opera at weekends.
周末的时候汤姆很少去看歌剧。
Lily can't object；nor/neither can Lucy.
莉莉不会反对，露西也不会。否定词位于句首时所在句子用部分倒装。一些含有no，not的固定短语位于句首时，同样引起部分倒装。这类短语有：not only...but also, not until, no sooner...than, in no time(立即，马上)，by no means, on no condition等。
Not only does Tom play basketball well but also is good at English.
汤姆不但篮球打得好，而且英语学得好。
Not until the teacher came in did the boys stop talking.
一直到老师进来，男孩们才停止了谈话。
No sooner had we finished our design than it began to rain.
我们刚完成这个设计天就开始下雨了。单句语法填空
①(2019·天津卷改编)The professor warned the students that on no account __________ they __________(use) mobile phones in his class.
解析：考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account“决不”，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should do，敢于做dare do，根据句意表示“应该”，故填should和use。should use ②Little __________Mary __________ about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself.(care)
③(江苏高考改编)Not until recently __________ they __________(encourage) the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
④—It is nine o'clock，but Mike hasn't come to his office!
—It is too unusual.Seldom __________(be) he late for work.
⑤So fast __________ light __________(travel) that we can hardly imagine its speed.
⑥(陕西高考改编)No sooner __________Mo Yan __________(step) on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.did care did encourage is does travel had stepped in case以防万一；假使
In case you need something, please don't hesitate to let me know.
如果你需要什么东西，请立即对我说。
It may rain; you'd better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does)．
可能会下雨，你最好带把伞，以防万一。7．Remember to include one change to your invention in case it doesn't work the first time.
记住对你的发明要留有变化的余地，以防它第一次不起作用。in case of “假如，以防万一”，后加名词或代词；而in case引导条件状语从句。
In case of flood, the dam can protect us.
万一发生洪水，大坝可以保护我们。完成句子
①(2019·江苏卷改编)The doctor shares his phone number with the patients __________ they need medical assistance.
医生给了病人他的手机号码，以防病人需要医疗援助。
②Write the telephone number down ________________________ .
把电话号码写下来以免你忘了。
③________________,_walk quickly to the nearest door.
如果失火，就赶快朝最近的门跑。
④You can count on me to help ______________________.
假设你有困难，我当助一臂之力。in case in case you forget In case of fire in case of difficulty
