(共53张PPT)
Unit 6 Earth first
Developing ideas
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语
1. ______(致力，献身)themselves to ocean conservation
2. set up a natural _______ (保护区)
3. _______ (破损，损害) large areas of wetland
4. _____ (影响) your decision?
5. _____ (采取) new ways
6. ______(减少，降低) the risk of heart disease
devote
reserve
damage
affect
adopt
reduce
一、词汇积淀
7. without her mother’s __________(允许, 许可)?
8. protect animals from _________(灭绝, 绝种)
9. ________(建立, 设立) an organization
10. _________(造成, 促成) to the accident
11. the train’s _______(平均的) speed
12. ______(释放, 排放) carbon dioxide
13. ______(严重的) injuries
permission
extinction
establish
contribute
average
release
severe
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构
二、阅读精研
Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息
1. Why does the writer write the passage?
A. He wants to introduce some new ways to save energy.
B. He wants to correct the false green truths and show really green ones.
C. He wants to call on more people to protect the environment.
D. He wants to explain the importance of energy saving.
D
2. In the following, which one is not the disadvantage of plastic bags?
A. Causing litter.
B. Being treated as food by wild animals.
C. Taking much more time to break down.
D. Using much more energy to produce.
B
3. Which one is true according to fifth paragraph?
A. Leaving a device in stand-by mode is environment-friendly.
B. Older devices use less energy than new ones.
C. Removing the plug from power supply will stop using power.
D. Using electric devices as little as possible is the best way to save energy.
C
4. Why do people prefer to eat local food?
A. Because it can save the energy used to transport.
B. Because it tastes better than the food transported long away.
C. Because its production uses less energy.
D. Because it produces less greenhouse gas.
A
5. According to the passage, when should you take a shower?
A. Anytime you like.
B. When you spend less than 8 minutes in a shower.
C. When your bath is quite large.
D. When you use about 50 litres of water.
B
Ⅲ. 文本素养提升：阅读技能综合运用
1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句
译文：这是因为即使它被“关掉”，电也会继续从装备中泄漏。
2. 阅读主题活动
Talk about the following questions in pairs, and find out the best answer.
(1)Which of the “green truths” in the passage amazes you most? Why?
Devices in stand-by mode still use power amazed me most, because I have never removed the plug from its power before. And I don’t think electricity keeps leaking even we turn “off” the device before reading the article.
(2)What things can you do to save energy in daily life?
_______________________________________________
____________________________________________
Taking public transportation, turning off the tap after
using, avoiding disposable cup, chopsticks, and so on.
【阅读微技巧】
速览文章找寻环保措施, 对比作者提出的真正环保的和现存的环保措施 1. 关注每一段中描述环保的词汇与语句。如，reduce waste and pollution, take a reusable bag, turn off a device等
2. 对比作者提出的真正环保的措施和人们潜意识已存在的措施，认识到环保过程中的误区
1. devote vt. 致力，献身，倾注
*I don’t think we should devote any more time to this question.
我认为我们在这个问题上不应当花费更多的时间了。
三、要点精研
【语块积累】
(1)devote oneself/one’s life/money/energy to (doing)...
把自己/一生/金钱/精力奉献给(用于)……
(2)devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠实的
be devoted to 忠实于，专心致力于
(3)devotion n. 深爱；忠诚；奉献
【即学活用】语法填空
Mrs White, a _______ (devote) friend of mine, devoted
all her energy __ her career and her ________ (devote)
to children made us vote for her. Finally, she was
promoted to headmistress.
devoted
to
devotion
2. reserve n. 储备(量)；储藏(量)； (动植物)保护区
v. 贮存；保留；预订
*Experts advise to set up natural reserve to protect endangered animals.
科学家们建议设立自然保护区来保护濒危动物。
【语块积累】
without reserve 毫无保留
in reserve 备用
【即学活用】
(1)The money was being kept _________for their
retirement. ?
他们把钱存着以备退休后使用。
(2)She told me about the causes of the story
______________. ?
她将故事的起因毫无保留全都告诉我了。
in reserve
without reserve
3. adopt vt. 采纳；采用；收养
*Experienced as he is, he is willing to adopt other’s advice.
尽管他经验丰富，他也很乐意采纳他人的建议。
*Many childless couples refused to adopt children as their own.
许多没有孩子的夫妇拒绝收养孩子。
【语块积累】
(1)adopt one’s suggestion/idea 采纳某人的建议/想法
adopt sb. as... 收养某人为……
(2)adopted adj. 领养的
(3)adoption n. 采用；收养
【即学活用】用adopt的正确形式填空
(1)You’d better _____ your teacher’s suggestion to
finish the task.
(2)The Smiths _______ an orphan as their own child. ?
(3)She treated her _______ son as her own child.
(4) The couples who can’t have their own child may
consider ________. ?
adopt
adopted
adopted
adoption
4. reduce vt. 减少，降低
*(2019·北京高考) She succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
她成功地用天然甜味剂制作了一种糖果，可以减少口腔细菌。
【语块积累】
reduce...to... 把……减少到……
reduce...by... 把……减少了……
be reduced to... 沦落为……， 陷入某种状态
【即学活用】
(1)We can ___________________________half of the past by taking high speed railway. ?
乘坐高铁可以让我们将旅行的时间缩短到原来的一半。
(2)The clerk __________________10% because we bought more than twenty books. ?
因为我们买了20多本书， 店员给我们打九折。
(3)They ______________severe poverty since their failure in business. ?
生意失意，他们陷入极度贫困的状态。
reduce the time of travelling to
reduced the price by
were reduced to
5. It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gas. ?
是食物的生产而不是食物的运输耗费了大部分的能量, 并产生了大量的温室气体。
【句式解构】
本句为强调句式, 基本结构为It is/was+被强调部分+that/who + 其他。
*(2017·天津高考)It wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.
直到完成电影学习, 我才开始从事我的演艺生涯。
【名师点津】
强调句的基本句型
①陈述句: It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分。
②一般疑问句: Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分。
③特殊疑问句: 疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子其他部分
④not...until...结构的强调句型: It is/was not until...that...
【即学活用】句型转换
(1)We cancelled our picnic because it was raining
outside. (强调原因状语从句)
____________________________________________
(2)He didn’t finish his homework until 10 o’clock
last night. (not until 的强调句型)
____________________________________________
It was because it was raining that we cancelled our picnic. ?
It was not until 10 o’clock that he finished his homework last night.
6. contribute v. 促成，造成；投稿；贡献
*Study shows that smoking can contribute to lung cancer.
研究表明吸烟会导致肺癌。
*Brave soldiers make contributions to the establishment of our country.
勇敢的士兵们为我们国家的建立做出了贡献。
【语块积累】
(1)contribute to 有助于, 促成, 造成；为……做贡献
contribute...to... 向……捐献；向……投稿
(2)contribution n. 贡献；捐献；投稿
make contributions to 为……做贡献
【即学活用】完成句子
(1)Fortunately, some good learning methods
____________________________________?
幸运的是, 一些好的学习方法促成了我英语水平的提高。
contribute to my improvement in English.
(2)Tu Youyou was rewarded by Nobel Prize for
________________________________________?
屠呦呦因对医学界做出巨大贡献荣获诺贝尔奖。
making great contributions to medical science.
average adj. 平均的；平常的； 一般的
n. 平均水平；平均数
vt. 平均为；计算……的平均值
*(2019·江苏高考)Mammals(哺乳动物)weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm3.
体重60公斤的哺乳动物的平均大脑大小为200立方厘米。
【语块积累】
an average of 平均
on average 平均来看； 通常
above the average 在平均水平之上
below the average 在平均水平之下
【即学活用】完成句子
(1)It is reported that ____________19.25 cm of rain
fell last year. ?
据报道去年平均降雨量为19.25厘米。
(2)___________ parents spend 220 dollars a year on
toys. ?
父母为孩子买玩具的花费每年平均为220美元。
an average of
On average,
8. be worth doing 值得做；值得做某事
*He always tells lies, so nothing he said was worth listening to.
他总是说谎，所以他说的话没有一句值得听。
*The famous book is worth reading by adolescents.
这部名著值得青少年一读。
【语块积累】
be worth+钱数 值……钱
be worth+doing 值得……
worthy adj. 值得的
be worthy to be done/of being done 值得……
be worthy of+n 值得……
【即学活用】完成句子
(1)He’s decided to get a look at the house and see if it
____________________. ?
他决定去瞧瞧那座房子，看是否值得买下。
(2)Is it worth _______(visit) the city which is famous
for its history?
这个因历史而出名的城市值得去参观吗?
might be worth buying
visiting
(3)一句多译
这个想法很值得考虑。
①This idea is well worth __________.
②This idea is worthy ______________. ?
③This idea is worthy _________________. ?
considering
to be considered
of being considered
如何写劝说信
【范例点评】
Dear Friends,
We are writing this letter to raise your awareness of air pollution. The air is polluted by people’s behavior, such as overusing personal transportations, releasing industrial gas into the air, setting fossil fuel on fire, and so on. We are concerned that the polluted air will do harm to our healthy. Therefore, we must take action to improve the air condition.
四、话题写作
Firstly, take public transportation as possible as you can. Secondly, apply central heating system to rescue the use of fossil fuel. Thirdly, reduce the emission of polluted air from industries.
We have learned that our human being can’t live without the air, so let us try our best to make the air fresher.
Best wishes.
Class 3
【布局】
【文体解读】
1. 话题特点
劝说信的内容来源于我们对生活的感知, 是就我们所发现的家庭生活、学校生活或社会生活中的某种现象, 向某个组织或个人提出劝说性的建议的一种应用文体。
2. 话题词汇
①raise提高 ②awareness意识
③concerned担心的 ④improve提高, 改善
⑤achieve达到, 获得 ⑥take action to采取措施……
⑦do harm to对……造成危害
⑧try one’s best to do尽力做某事
3. 话题句式
(1)表达问题
①The reason why the environment is polluted is
That we don’t attach great importance to it.
环境污染的原因就是我们没有重视环境问题。
②We are concerned that materials will be used up soon.
我们担心不久能源将会被耗尽。
③Now people in growing numbers are coming to
realize that taking exercise is beneficial to our health.
越来越多的人开始意识到锻炼对我们的健康有益。
④A recent study shows that people spend most of
their spare time on phones.
一项最近的研究表明人们把大多数的空闲时间都
花费在手机上。
(2)表达措施
①In order to solve the problem, we should reduce waste .
为了解决这个问题, 我们应该减少浪费。
②I hope you can take what I have said into consideration.
我希望你能考虑一下我所说的。
③I wish you can realize the importance of environmental protection.
我希望你能意识到环境保护的重要性。
④We will spare no efforts to protect it.
我们将不遗余力地保护它。
五、课堂小测
完成句子
1. Too much junk food may _______________ fatness.
吃过多的垃圾食品会导致肥胖。
2. Yuan Longping _________________________ the study of rice.
袁隆平将他的一生奉献给水稻研究。
3. Costs _____________________________over the past year.
过去一年, 各项费用已经减少了20%。
4. In Africa, 4 million people a year ____________________________.
在非洲, 平均每年400万人死于饥饿。
contribute to
has devoted himself to
have been reduced by 20%
die of hunger on average
每年的10月31日是联合国确定的“世界勤俭日”。假设你是李华, 请针对校园内中学生花钱如水、没有节约的概念以及追求生活水平的提高、追求时髦等现象, 写一封劝说信, 鼓励同学们养成勤俭节约的好习惯。
六、课后作业
注意：
1. 词数：100左右。
开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。
提示：
1. 世界勤俭日 ________________?
2. 花销 ________________
3. 概念 ________________
4. 生活水平 ________________
5. 追求 ________________
World Thrift Day
expenditure
concept
living standard
pursue
Dear Friends,
As we know, World Thrift Day falls on October 31. So this time I’d like to discuss thrift with you.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Yours faithfully,
Li hua
Thank You
(共21张PPT)
Unit 6
Earth first
Listening
【导语】 Earth song是Michael为呼吁人类行动起来， 保护自然和我们赖以生存的地球而创作的伟大单曲。这是流行之王迈克尔·杰克逊《History》专辑中第三支进行世界范围发行(除美国本土)的单曲。?
一、听力训练
听音填空
Earth Song
What about sunrise
What about rain
What about, ①____________?
That you said we were to gain...
all the things
What about killing fields
Is there a time
What about the things
That you said were yours and mine...
Did you ever stop to notice
All the blood we’ve shed before
Did you ever stop to notice
The crying Earth the weeping shores?
What have we done to the world
Look what we’ve done
What about all the peace
That you pledge your only son...
What about flowering fields
Is there a time
What about all the dreams
That you said were yours and mine...
Did you ever stop to notice
All the children dead from war
Did you ever stop to notice
The crying Earth the weeping shores?
I used to dream
I used to glance beyond the stars
Now I don’t know ②____________?
where we are
Although I know we’ve drifted far
Hey, what about yesterday (what about us)
What about the seas (what about us)
The heavens are falling down (what about us)
I can’t even breathe (what about us)
What about the bleeding Earth (what about us)
Can’t we feel its wounds (what about us)
What about nature’s worth (ooo, ooo)
It’s our planet’s womb (what about us)
What about animals (what about us)
We’ve turned kingdoms to dust (what about us)
What about elephants (what about us)
Have we lost their trust (what about us)
What about crying whales (what about us)
We’re ravaging the seas (what about us)
What about forest trails (ooo, ooo)
Burnt despite our pleas (what about us)
What about the holy land (what about us)
Torn apart by creed (what about us)
What about the common man (what about us)
Can’t we set him free (what about us)
What about children dying (what about us)
Can’t you ③____________(what about us) ?
Where did we go wrong (ooo, ooo)
hear them cry
Someone tell me why (what about us)
What about babies (what about us)
What about the days (what about us)
What about all their joy (what about us)
What about the man (what about us)
What about the crying man (what about us)
What about Abraham (what about us)
What about death again (ooo, ooo)
Do we give a damn(ooo, ooo)
【词海拾贝】
【听力微语系列】
合理推断
推断型试题不仅包括推断数字和地点，还常考查学生对人物身份、关系、人物态度、情感以及事件原因的推断。
1. 积累不同人物身份及人物关系所对应的单词, 根据对话内容所提供的称呼语、关键词, 结合生活常识进行判断。
2. 积累不同语音语调所表达的不同意思, 进行准确判断。
【即时训练】
听音频回答问题。
1. Who is probably the woman?
A. A policewoman.
B. A hotel clerk.
C. The man’s wife.
A
2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Friends.
B. Brother and sister.
C. Mother and son.
B
【听力原文】
Text 1
W: Excuse me, sir. Where were you last Friday evening and who were you with?
M: I was staying at a hotel in town. I was with a friend.
W: What’s your friend’s name?
M: Peter. He can prove that.
Text 2
W: Hi, Mike, are you still at your friend’s house?
M: Yeah, we are just playing some games.
W: Computer games? I have been looking for my laptop. I’ve got this really important homework project.
M: Oh, sorry. I have just taken it for the evening. Hope you don’t mind.
W: You are always using my things without asking me. Now, what am I going to do?
M: Use our dad’s computer instead. He won’t mind.
W: I can’t do that at all. I’ve got everything saved on mine.
Thank You
(共44张PPT)
Unit 6 Earth first
Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. one’s _______(看法, 态度) to study
2. be ______(害怕的)of the white shark
3. cut off the ____(鳍)of the shark to make soup
______(把……作为目标)young people as customers
5. catch the train __________(幸运地)
6. protect the endangered animals from _________(灭绝, 绝种)
attitude
scared
fins
target
一、词汇积淀
fortunately
extinction
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构
二、阅读精研
Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息
1. What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage?
A. To recommend the film Jaws and the book to people.
B. To criticize Peter Benchley’s misleading description of sharks.
C. To raise people’s awareness of shark protection.
D. To inform people sharks are dangerous.
C
2. According to the passage, which one is wrong about the film Jaws?
A. A woman died as a result of a shark’s attack.
B. It was popular with huge audiences.
C. It changed people’s long-held idea of shark as a dangerous animal.
D. It won a great reputation in the field of film.
C
3. Why did the number of large sharks fall quickly?
A. Because of the climate change.
B. Because of people’s killing and finning.
C. Because of lacking of enough food.
D. Because of the pollution of the ocean.
B
4. What has changed Peter Benchley’s opinion about sharks?
A. The horrible sight he caught when he was diving.
B. People’s fear of the sharks.
C. The decrease of the sharks.
D. Experts’ findings on the sharks.
A
5. Nowadays, what is people’s attitude towards protecting sharks?
A. Neutral. B. Indifferent.
C. Disapproval. D. Favorable.
D
Ⅲ. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用
1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句
译文: 许多看过这部电影的人_______________________
___________
不好的动物。
电影《大白鲨》改编于他写的书
2. 阅读主题活动
Talk about the following questions in pairs, and find
out the best answer.
(1)Are there any endangered animals in your country?
What are they?
______________________________________________
___________________?
Yes. Tibetan antelopes, white-flag dolphins, Chinese
alligators, and so on.
(2)What can you do to protect them?
___________________________________________
____________________________________________?
animals. We can pass some laws to punish hunters.
We can set up nature reserves for the endangered
【阅读微技巧】
速览文章寻找有关人类对鲨鱼态度的词, 了解人类态度的变化 1. 关注每一段中描述人类对鲨鱼态度的词汇与语句, 如scared, frightened, fear, kill, be interested in等
2. 关注人们对鲨鱼的态度和看法的转变, 从而认识到保护鲨鱼的重要性
1. attitude n. (尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法, 态度
*Keep a positive attitude and good things will happen.
保持积极的态度, 好事就会发生。
三、要点精研
【语块积累】
attitude to/towards 对……的态度
have/take a positive/negative attitude to/towards...
对……持积极的/消极的态度
【即学活用】(1)根据句意填空
①What is the author’s attitude __________the project?
②People who have a negative attitude ____________ life fail to see opportunities in life.
(2)I eventually realized I had to _________________
_______medical practice. ?
我终于认识到自己不得不改变对医务工作的看法。
to/towards
change my attitude
towards
to/towards
2. scare v. 使(某人)惊恐, 吓唬; n. 恐慌; 恐惧
*They managed to scare the bears away.
他们设法把熊吓跑了。
*His sudden appearance gave me a scare when I was reading an interesting book.
我正在读一本有趣的书, 他的突然出现吓了我一跳。
【语块积累】
(1)scare away 吓跑
scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁, 恐吓某人做某事
(2)scared adj. 害怕的; 恐惧的
be scared of... 害怕……; 担心……
【即学活用】
(1)Jenny __________going out alone at night though she
has grown up. ?
尽管珍妮已经长大了, 她不敢在晚上一个人外出。
(2)The horror film ___________________. ?
这部恐怖电影把她吓哭了。
is scared of
scared her into crying
3. fortunately adv. 幸运地
*Fortunately, the rain stopped before we started to have a picnic outside.
幸亏在我们动身去野餐前雨停了。
*Fortunately he was sent to the hospital and got the immediate treatment.
幸运的是, 他被送到医院并得到及时救治。
【语块积累】
(1)unfortunately adv. 不幸地
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的
unfortunate adj. 不幸的
(3)fortune n. 运气, 财富
make a/one’s fortune 发财
【即学活用】用fortune的正确形式填空
(1)A lot of people made their _______with WeChat
Business.
(2)It was _________for him to survive the earthquake.
(3) _____________, I won’t be able to attend the
meeting.
fortune
fortunate
Unfortunately
4. due to 由于; 由……造成
*He was late due to the rain, which made his boss angry.
他由于下雨迟到了, 这让他的老板很生气。
*Unfortunately, he passed away due to cancer last year.
他去年因癌症不幸去世。
【即学活用】
(1)(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)The match ___________________this
Saturday afternoon in the city’s stadium. ?
比赛定于星期六下午在城市体育场举行。
(2)The travel was put off ____________________. ?
因为天气不好, 旅行取消了。
is due to be organized
due to the bad weather
5. be based on 以……为基础
*Everlasting Classics, which is based on poetry and music, is popular with people of all ages.
以诗歌和音乐为基础的《经典咏流传》受到了各个年龄段人民的欢迎。
【语块积累】
(1)be based on... 以……为根据; 根据……; 基于……
base... on... 以……为根据
(2)on the basis of 在……基础上
【即学活用】
(1)You’d better believe him because what he said
_________________?
你还是相信他为好因为他所说的都是事实。
(2)Scientists _________________scientific experiments. ?
科学家们的想法是建立在科学实验基础之上的.
is based on the fact.
based their ideas on
6. In 1980, Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight. ?
1980年, 本奇利正在潜水, 就在这时他看到一个可怕的景象。
【句式解构】
该句为并列句, when作并列连词, 相当于and then或and at that time。
【名师点津】
(1)Sb. was/were doing sth. +when...
某人正在做某事, 这时……
(2)Sb. be about to do sth. + when...
某人正打算做某事, 这时……
(3)Sb. had just done sth. +when...
某人刚做完某事, 这时……
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)He was working in the lab _____the power cut
occurred.
(2)I ___________(wait) for the green light at a crossing
when an old man was knocked down by a car. ?
when
was waiting
7. He came to see people as a danger to sharks, rather than the other way round. ?
他开始将人类看成对鲨鱼的威胁, 而不是反过来。
【句式解构】
该句为简单句, rather than连接两个并列成分, 意为“而不是”。
*These are political matters rather than social matters.
这些是政治问题, 而不是社会问题。
【名师点津】
rather than连接两个主语时, 谓语动词应与rather than前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
【即学活用】
(1) ___________________going to go camping. ?
是你而不是我要去野营。 世纪金榜导学号
(2) I _____________rather than ___there doing nothing. ?
我宁愿干活也不愿坐在那里无所事事。
You rather than I are
prefer to work
sit
8. have an effect on 对……有影响
*The trade war between America and China had an effect on the economy.
中美贸易战对两国的经济产生了影响。
*Each means has been tried to solve the problem, but none is effective. 尝试过每一种方法来解决这个问题, 但没有一种方法有效。
*Huawei’s 5G plan will not be affected by the US ban.
华为的5G计划是不会受美国禁令影响的。
【语块积累】
(1)have an effect/influence/impact on 对……有影响
effective adj. 有效的
(2)affect vt. 影响; 对……有坏影响
【即学活用】完成句子
(1)We all know that _____________________________
_________. ?
众所周知吸烟有害健康。
(2)The increase of the population of human beings will
______________________________?
人口增长会对环境带来影响。
smoking affects people’s health in
a bad way
have an effect on the environment.
2. be covered with 被……覆盖
*The ground is covered with thick snow after the snowstorm.
暴风雪后, 大地被积雪覆盖。
*Our new school built last year covers an area of about 4, 000 square meters.
我们去年建的新学校占地约4 000平方米。
【语块积累】
cover...with... 用……盖住……
cover an area of... 占地……
【即学活用】完成句子
(1)She _____________________________when laughing. ?
她笑的时候用手捂住嘴巴。
(2) The reserve that was built last year _____________
__about 1, 200 square kilometers. ?
去年建成的保护区占地面积大约为1 200平方千米。
covers her mouth with her hands
covers an area
of
(3)(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Further up, the weather changes—
low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which ___
___________thick grass. ?
再往上走, 天气变了, 低云笼绕着山坡, 山坡上长满了
浓密的青草。
are
covered with
【一语闻天下】
1. Due to population growth and urban areas’ growth, the amount of trash countries produce is only expected to rise by some estimates as much as 70% between 2019 and 2050.
由于人口增长和城市扩张, 预计2019年至2050年间, 各国产生的垃圾总量将增长70%。
2. The garbage produced by certain industries, rather than the amount of trash individuals and families generate, has a larger effect on the environment.
对环境有更大的影响的是某些行业产生的垃圾, 而不是居民生活垃圾。
Thank You
(共18张PPT)
Unit 6 Earth first
Using language—Grammar
现在分词和过去分词作补足语
(-ing and -ed as complement)
【语用功能】
现在分词和过去分词都是非谓语动词, 在句中除作状语、定语、表语外, 还可作补足语, 对主语或宾语作进一步的补充说明。
一、语法精讲
【情境探究】
观察上面对话, 并完成句子:
(1)We found her ___________________. ?
我们发现她正在图书馆读书。
(2)He spoke loudly to make himself ______.
他大声说话让别人听见自己。
(3)The classroom was found __________________. ?
人们发现教室里挤满了人。
reading in the library
heard
crowded with people
【要义详析】
一、宾语补足语
某些及物动词不仅需要宾语, 而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语, 即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态, 这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。
1. 过去分词作宾语补足语
(1)及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时, 宾语是过去分词的逻辑主语, 宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
*When we arrived at the school, we saw the door locked. 我们到学校时发现门被锁了。
*We saw an old man knocked down by a passing car.
我们看见一位老人被飞驰而过的车撞倒了。
(2)少数不及物动词(go, change, fall等)的过去分词作宾语补足语时, 仅表示动作完成。因此, 宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。
*I found the leaves fallen two days ago.
两天前我发现这些树叶落下来了。
*We found our country changed a lot with the reform and open policy.
我们发现, 改革开放以来, 我们的国家变化很大。
2. 现在分词作宾语补足语
动词的现在分词用作宾语补足语时, 宾语是现在分词的逻辑主语, 宾语和现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。
*The woman found a beggar lying on the bench.
这位女士发现一个乞丐正躺在长凳上。
*When I entered the room, I saw him sleeping in bed.
当我进入房间时, 我看见他正在床上睡觉。
常用宾语补足语的动词如下:
(1)感官动词(表示感觉和心理状态的动词)(短语), 常见的有: see, watch, look at; hear, listen to; feel, notice, observe, find; smell...表示“感受到某人或某事被做”
*He didn’t notice the thief stealing his wallet.
他没有注意到小偷在偷他的钱包。
*When he arrived, he found all the work finished.
当他到达时, 他发现所有的工作都被做完了。
(2)表示“意愿, 命令”的动词, 如 like, want, wish, order, expect 等, 可用过去分词作宾语补足语, 相当于过去分词前省略了to be, 表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”。
*He didn’t want such questions discussed at the meeting.
他不想在会上讨论这种问题。
*I would like this matter settled at once.
我想立刻解决这个问题。
(3)使役动词(表示指使意义的动词), 常见的有: have, get, make, leave, keep...表示“致使某人/某事被做”
*Have you had your hair cut? 你剪头发了吗?
*I have to get my bike repaired.
我不得不去修我的自行车。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)I am afraid that I can’t make myself __________
(understand) due to my poor English.
(2)You will see this product _________ (advertise)
everywhere.
understood
advertised
(3)I could feel the wind _______ (blow) on my face.
(4)The car was found _______ (trap) in a pool by
the side of the road.
blowing
trapped
二、主语补足语
主语补足语, 是对句子主语的补充, 使得句子更加完整。如果原来含有宾语补足语的句子结构变成被动语态, 原宾语成为主语, 那么原宾语补足语相应地成为主语补足语。
*We saw her entering the room. (宾语补足语)
*She was seen entering the room. (主语补足语)
1. 过去分词作主语补足语
过去分词作主语补足语时, 主语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
*Her new bike was found stolen by a stranger.
她的新自行车被一个陌生人偷走了。
*The little boy was seen bitten by a dog.
有人看见这个小男孩被狗咬了。
2. 现在分词作主语补足语
现在分词作主语补足语时, 主语和现在分词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。
*Tony was seen playing computer games in his bedroom.
有人看见托尼在他的卧室里玩电脑游戏。
*The girls were found singing loudly in their classroom.
他们发现女孩们正在教室里大声唱歌。
语法填空
(1)The baby was found _____(take) good care of by the babysitter. ?
(2)Freddie and his friends were seen _______(play) basketball in the playground.
taken
playing
二、课堂小测
(3)The street was found _______(flood) after the
storm.
(4)The cute dog was seen _______(sleep) sound
on the noisy street.
flooded
sleeping
Thank You
