(共33张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Discovering Useful Structures
定语从句(Restrictive relative clauses)(Ⅰ)
that, which, who, whom, whose引导的定语从句
【情境探究】
观察上面对话, 并完成句子
1. The book __________ he bought yesterday is very interesting.
他昨天买的那本书很有趣。
2. Do you know the boy ____ just came in?
你认识那个刚刚进来的男孩吗?
that/which
who
3. He has moved into a house ______________ face the sea. ?
他已经搬进了一个窗子朝向大海的房子。
whose windows
【要义详析】
一、分类:
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句
它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉, 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语, 关系代词通常可以省略。
*Shanghai is a city (that) I’ve always wanted to visit.
上海是我一直想参观的城市。
2. 非限制性定语从句
它只是对先行词作附加补充说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切,书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
*The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company.
这个老妇人一个人住,养了一只猫陪伴她。
二、关系代词的用法
定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who, whom以及whose。
*How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday?
你认为上周日上映的电影怎么样? (指物, 作主语)
*Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?
你认识坐在那里的那位绅士吗? (指人, 作主语)
*The man (who /whom/that) you’re talking to is my friend.
和你谈话的那个人是我朋友。(指人, 作宾语)
*The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
我经常去参观的那座宫殿建于17世纪。(指物,作宾语)
*Children whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
饮食富含高脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。(指人,作定语)
【名师点津】whose还是which
关系代词在定语从句中作定语时,无论指人还是指物，都要用whose，而不能用which。
*That’s the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.
那是一台零件小到看不见的新机器。
*Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world-famous?
你看过《泰坦尼克号》这部电影吗? 它的男主角是世界著名的。
【知识延伸】
关系代词的用法与分类依据
1.根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性;
2.根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物;
3.根据它在从句中所充当的成分——主语、宾语或定语。
【即学活用】用定语从句合并句子。
(1)I live next door to a couple. Their children often make a lot of noise.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. ?
(2)The man is from Peking University. I talked about the man at the meeting.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at
the meeting is from Peking University.
(3)The boy is sitting on the chair. The boy is my brother.
_______________________________________________
The boy who/that is sitting on the chair is my brother. ?
(4)The city is near the sea. The city is very beautiful.
_____________________________________________
The city which/that is near the sea is very beautiful. ?
三、关系代词that与which的用法辨析
1. 只用that而不用which 的情况
(1)先行词有形容词最高级修饰时
*Henry is the most energetic young man that I have ever come across.
亨利是我见过的最有活力的年轻人。
(2)先行词有序数词修饰时
*This is the third time that they have met.
这是他们第三次见面。
(3)先行词为all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing, none 等不定代词,或被不定代词修饰时
*Nothing that the teacher does doesn’t influence his students.
老师所做的事情没有不影响到他的学生的。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时
*He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited.
他谈论了他拜访过的学校和老师。
(5)先行词前面有the very, the only, the last, the same等词修饰时
*This is the very room that I slept in that evening.
这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。
*This is the only thing that we can do now.
这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
【名师点津】the same. . . that/as的区别：
the same. . . that表示“同一个”(同一性)
the same. . . as表示“类似的一个, 而不是同一个” (相似性)
*This is the same watch that I lost.
这就是我丢的那块手表。(同一个)
*I have bought the same watch as you have.
我买了一块和你一样的手表。(相似的,非同一个)
(6)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时
*Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.
我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。
(7)句中其他位置已出现which，为避免重复，不用which而用that。
*Which is the car that has overtaken us?
超过我们的是哪辆车?
2.只用which 而不用that 的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时
*I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me.
我上周从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书,这是我的同学推荐给我的。
(2)在定语从句中, 关系代词前有介词时
*I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important.
我被置于不得不接受我不重要的境地。
【名师点津】强调句与定语从句的区别
*It was the student that/who asked the silly question.
就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句)
*He was the student who asked the silly question.
他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句)
【即学活用】选词填空(that/which)
(1)Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
(2)Have you any books ____ are worth reading?
(3)This is the best film ____ I have ever seen. ?
that
that
that
(4)I’m going to talk about the countries and people ____ I have visited.
(5)Bamboo is hollow, ______ makes it very light.
that
which
Thank You
(共26张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Listening and Speaking
主题语境——人与自然之灾害防范
【语境概说】 本单元的主题是人与自然，涉及的话题是自然灾害与防范、安全常识与自我保护。单元话题可以使学生了解自然灾害，培养学生的灾害防范意识，对学生进行防灾减灾教育。同时，鼓励学生开展小组活动，增强合作意识。
Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.不经灾难不知福。
The last drop of humans will be tears of regret after environmental damage.
人类的最后一滴水将是环境破坏后悔恨的眼泪。
Nature is kind of a loving mother，but also a butcher in cold blood.
自然不仅是慈爱的母亲，也是冷血的屠夫。
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
1.Translate the following words and phrases.
①disaster n. ________________ ②drought n. ________________
③slide vi.& vt. ________________ ④flood n. ________________
vi. ________________
vt. ________________
⑤volcanic eruption ________________
⑥rescue n.& vt. ________________
灾难；灾害
旱灾；久旱
(使)滑行；滑动
洪水；大量
淹没；大量涌入
使灌满水；淹没
火山喷发
营救；救援
⑦damage n.& vt. ________________
⑧survive vi. ________________ vt. ________________
⑨destroy vt. ________________
⑩death n. ________________
?affect vt. __________________________
?shelter n. __________________
vt. __________________
vi. __________________
损失；损害
生存；存活
幸存；艰难度过
摧毁；毁灭
死；死亡
影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
避难处；居所；庇护
保护；掩蔽
躲避(风雨或危险)
2.Brainstorming：Have you ever experienced any natural disasters？How many kinds of natural disasters do you know?
______________________________________________________________
fire，earthquake，hurricane，flood，landslide，tsunami，tornado，drought
3.Describe what happened during the earthquake.
4.Finish Ex.1 on Page 48.
destroyed
ruins
cracked
injured
Finish Ex.2 & Ex.3 on Page 48.
1.Speaking—Finish Ex.4 on Page 49 by following the example.
Good morning. Today is 13 May. A huge earthquake hit Wenchua, China, yesterday afternoon. At least 8, 500 people were killed by 13 May in the 7.8 magnitude earthquake. Rescue workers and soldiers are working day and night to dig out those trapped in the ruins and help the survivors.
2.Pronunciation
(1)听录音，对比发音
清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ /θ/ /?/ /t?/ /tr/ /ts/
浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /ɡ/ /v/ /z/ /?/ /?/ /d?/ /dr/ /dz/
(2)听词汇辨-ed结尾的发音
第一组： reached，kissed，talked，washed，finished，helped
规律：-ed在清辅音后读：____________
第二组： enjoyed，welcomed，answered，carried，worried
规律：-ed在浊辅音及元音后读：____________
第三组：wanted，started，needed，counted，painted，visited，added
规律：-ed在/t/或 /d/后读：____________
/t/
/d/
/id/
语言知识积累
Ⅰ.单词
1.strike v.袭击；灾难突然发生
2.severe adj. 严重的；严厉的
3.rubbish n. 垃圾；废物
4.recover v. 痊愈
5.uncertain adj.不确定的
6.concern n. 担心；关心
7.exist vi. 存在；生存
8.attack v. 攻击；袭击
9.unite v. 团结；联合
10.hopeless adj.没有希望的，绝望的
Ⅱ.短语
1.rescue team 救援队
2.donate...to... 向……捐赠……
3.rebuild one’s home 重建某人的家园
4.take on a new look 呈现新面貌
5.put up 搭建；张贴；提高
文化知识习得
震级
震级是指地震的大小；是以地震仪测定的每次地震活动释放的能量多少来确定的。中国目前使用的震级标准，是国际上通用的里氏分级表，共分9个等级，在实际测量中，震级则是根据地震仪对地震波所作的记录计算出来的。地震愈大，震级的数字也愈大，震级每差一级，通过地震释放的能量约差32倍。
学习策略形成
1.听力技巧点拨
听力训练有非常多的形式：将听到的词或句子选出来、配对题、真假题、填充题、选择题、补全句子题、图表完成题。在听前，根据标题、图片、问题或选项可以预测听力材料的大体内容。
根据问题和选项进行预测是最常用的方法，一般的听力材料，大多数要求学生回答问题或选择正确答案，这些题目本身便为学生提供了可预测的内容。迅速浏览一下所提出的问题或问题中的选项，便能在听之前了解相当一部分信息。
2.清辅音与浊辅音的区别
英语辅音音素分清辅音与浊辅音，发音时声带不振动的是清辅音，如：/p/，/t/，/k/，/f/，/s/。发音时声带振动的是浊辅音，如：/b/，/d/，/ɡ/，/v/，/z/。
英语辅音大部分是成对的，分清浊两种。如：/p，b/，/t，d/，/k，ɡ/，/f，v/。英语中有一部分辅音是不成对的，如：/m/，/n/，/l/，/r/，/j/，/w/ 没有对应的清辅音，/h/ 没有对应的浊辅音。
1.rescue n.&vt.营救，救援
What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area? (教材P48)
救援人员和士兵在受灾地区做什么？
[合作探究] 体会rescue的用法和意义
The rescue car broke down on our way to the flooded area.
这辆救援车在我们去洪灾地区的路上出故障了。
Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building.
直升机从着火大楼的楼顶救出了将近20人。
He held on to a branch until we came to his rescue.
他抓住一根树枝，直到我们把他救下来。
[自主发现]
①come to/go to sb.’s rescue＝________________ 援救某人
②__________________ 从……营救某人/某物
rescue sb.
rescue sb./sth. from...
[词块积累]
rescue team 营救队
wait to be rescued 等待救援
[巩固内化]
(1)单句语法填空
①Tom rescued a boy ____________ the river on his way home.
(2)补全句子
②When we were trapped in the ruins，the soldiers ____________________.
当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。
from
came to our rescue
2.damage n.&vt.损失；损害
Which buildings were damaged in Seoul? (教材P48)首尔哪些建筑物受损？
[合作探究] 体会damage的用法和意义
Damage caused by the earthquake disaster can’t be ignored.
地震灾害导致的损失不容忽视。
Eating too much meat one time will cause/do damage to your stomach.
一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。
As we all know，smoking can damage our health.
众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
[自主发现]
①cause/do damage ____________ 对……造成损害；损害……
②________________ 损害某人的健康
[巩固内化] 补全句子
①Your father is angry because you have _____________________________ the flower beds.(damage n.)
你把花坛损坏了，你父亲对此非常生气。
②He had an accident and _____________________________.(damage vt.)
他遇到意外事故，把自行车弄坏了。
to
damage one’s health
caused/done damage to
damaged the bike
3.affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 effect n.效应；影响；结果 vt.引起；实现；使发生
82 killed，500，000 affected(教材P49)82人死亡，50万人受影响
[合作探究] 体会affect与effect的用法和意义
①The noise from the coming and going cars of the road affected our study.
马路上来往车辆的噪音____________了我们的学习。
②Most people present at the meeting were deeply affected by his speech.
出席会议的大多数人被他的演讲____________了。
③My parents’ divorce had a great effect on me.
父母的离婚给我带来了很大的____________。
影响
深深打动
影响
[自主发现]
④affect sb./sth. 影响某人/某事
⑤be deeply ____________... 被……深深打动
⑥have an effect ____________... 对……有影响
[辨析比较]
(1)affect主要用作动词，意为“影响”，相当于have an effect on。
(2)effect作动词时指“引起；实现；使发生”，着重“造成”一种特殊的效果。作名词时指affect(影响)的结果，常用于短语have an effect on...中，表示“对……有影响”。
affected by
on
[巩固内化]
(1)选词填空(affect/effect)
①Don’t play around here! Your noise ____________ my job badly.
②Playing computer games too much will have a bad ____________ on your study.
(2)补全句子
③The firefighter’s lung ________________ because of breathing in the poisonous gas.
由于吸入了有毒气体，那位消防队员的肺部受到了侵袭。
④What you say or do will ____________________ others.
你所说或所做的每一件事都会对别人产生影响。
affects
effect
was affected
have an effect on
4.shelter n.[C]避难处；居所 [U]庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
Shelters set up by the government(教材P49)政府设立的庇护所
[合作探究] 体会shelter的用法和意义
It’s so hot，and we’d better find a tree to take shelter from the sun.
太热了，我们最好找棵大树来遮阳。
We sat in the shade，sheltering from the sun.我们坐在背阴处，避免被晒到。
Trees shelter the house from the wind.树给房子挡住了风。
[自主发现]
①take shelter _______________... 躲避……
②________________ 保护/遮蔽……不/免受……
③________________ 躲避……
[巩固内化] 单句语法填空
①They found shelter ____________ the storm in a garage.
②We must find a place ____________ (shelter)from the downpour.
[思考] 请说出shelter作及物动词时的同义词并造句。
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
from
shelter...from...
shelter from...
from
to shelter
protect
The wall can protect/shelter our houses from being flooded.
Thank You
(共15张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Listening and Talking
1.Translate the following words and phrases.
①power n. ____________________________
②tap vi.&vt. ________________
n. __________________
③pipe n. ________________
电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
管子；管道
④whistle vt.& vi. ________________
n. ________________
⑤aid n. ____________________
vi.&vt. ________________
⑥kit n. ___________________
⑦on hand ________________
⑧stay calm ________________
⑨emergency supplies ________________
吹口哨
哨子(声)；呼啸声
援助；帮助；救援物资
帮助；援助
成套工具；成套设备
现有(尤指帮助)
保持冷静
应急物资
2.Brainstorming：When it comes to a disaster，we may think of Wenchuan Earthquake. Do you know what damage an earthquake will bring about?
①____________________________________________________________②____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
It is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust.
Earthquakes may result in diseases, lack of basic necessities, loss of life, general property damage, road and bridge damage and sometimes landslides, fires, floods and even tsunamis.
Finish Ex.1 on Page 53.
Talking—Finish Ex.4 on Page 53 by following the example.
语言知识积累
小议祈使句
祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。
1.肯定的祈使句
(1)动词原形＋其他
Stand up, please.＝Please stand up.请起立。
(2)Be＋adj.
Be careful!＝Look out!＝Take care!小心/当心！
(3)Let’s＋动词原形
Let’s go to school together.咱们一起上学去吧。
2.否定的祈使句
(1)Don’t＋动词原形
Don’t let them play with fire.
别让他们玩火。
(2)Let’s (let us)＋not＋动词原形
Let’s not say anything about it.对于这件事，咱们什么也别说。
1.power n.电力供应；能量；力量；权力 powerful adj.强有力的
Go to an open space away from buildings, trees, or power lines.(教材P53)
去一个开阔的地方，远离建筑物、树木或电线。
[合作探究] 体会power的用法和意义
China is a country where the people are in power.中国是个人民掌权的国家。
It is reported that as soon as the new president comes to power，he will meet with a lot of problems.据报道，新总统一上台就会有很多问题(需要解决)。
With years’ hard practice，he now has the power to finish the action perfectly.
经过数年的艰苦训练，现在他能完美地完成这个动作。
The difficult job is beyond my power.这工作太难了，我干不了。
[自主发现]
①be in power 执政；掌权(状态)
②________________ 上台；执政(动作)
③________________ to do sth. 具有做某事的能力
④beyond/out of one’s power 某人力所不能及的
[词块积累]
seize power夺取政权
turn off the power关掉电源
come to power
have the power
[巩固内化] 补全句子
①Since he ________________, he has been ____________ for almost five years.
自从他上台，已执政将近五年了。
②I’m afraid it’s ____________________ to help you.
我恐怕无力帮助你。
came to power
in power
beyond my power
2.calm adj.镇静的；沉着的；平静的 vt.&vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定
Stay calm.(教材P53)保持冷静。
[合作探究] 体会calm的用法和意义
Calm down! There is nothing to worry about.
冷静下来！没有什么可担心的。
She tried to calm them down but only to make matters worse.
她尽力使他们平静下来，不料却适得其反。
Tina tried to ignore the danger, and did her best to keep calm.
蒂娜试图不理睬危险，尽量保持镇静。
[自主发现]
①________________ 平静下来
②________________ 保持镇静
③________________ 使某人平静/镇定下来
[辨析比较]
(1)calm意为“平静的，沉着的”。指无风浪或人的心情不激动。
(2)quiet意为“宁静的，安静的”。指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、忧虑。
(3)still意为“静止的，不动的”。指没有运动或动作的状态。
(4)silent意为“寂静的，沉默的，不出声的”。指没有声音或不讲话。
calm down
keep calm
calm sb. down
[巩固内化]
(1)选词填空(calm/quiet/still/silent)
①She is a _________ girl. She stood ________ and kept _________ when the teacher asked her some questions. But after a while she answered all the questions in a ________ voice.
(2)补全句子
②He ______________________ before danger. How brave he is!
在危险面前他保持镇静。太勇敢了！
③After she ____________________, she sang better.
她平静下来后，歌唱得更好了。
quiet
still
silent
calm
remained/kept calm
calmed down
Thank You
(共60张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Reading and Thinking (1)
1.Discussing—What do you think may happen before an earthquake?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2.Predicting—Look at the title and the picture and predict what the text is probably about.
_____________________________________________________________
Bright lights in the sky may appear.
Animals may be too nervous to eat.
Mice may run out of holes looking for places to hide.
Fish may jump out of their pools and ponds.
Well walls may have deep cracks.
A terrible earthquake is likely to happen.
1.First reading—Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A.The earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan.
Para.2 B.The earthquake happened and caused deaths and injuries in Tangshan.
Para.3 C.Help came soon after the quakes.
Para.4 D.Strange things happened，but no one paid attention to them.
Para.5 E.Tangshan came back to life again.
答案 Para.1 D Para.2 B Para.3 A Para.4 C Para.5 E
2.Second reading—Choose the best answer according to the text.
(1)When did the earthquake happen?
A.At night on July 28, 1976. B.On the morning of July 28, 1976.
C.On the afternoon of July 28, 1976. D.The writer didn’t tell us.
(2)How many people who lived there were dead or injured?
A.A half. B.Two thirds.
C.One third. D.The text didn’t tell us.
(3)What does the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.” mean?
A.The city will not die; it has hope and it can recover from the pain.
B.The army sent 150, 000 soldiers to Tangshan to help people.
C.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.
D.Most of the 10, 000 miners were rescued.
答案 (1)B (2)B (3)A
3.Third reading—Fill in the blanks according to the text.
Tangshan Earthquake
Before the earthquake ·The water in the village wells ①____________ and fell again and again.
·Animals in the farmyards became too ②__________ to eat.
During the earthquake At 3：42 am everything began to ③____________.
And hard hills of rock became rivers of ④____________.
Damages of the earthquake Over 400，000 people were killed or ⑤____________ in the earthquake. And nearly everything was ⑥____________.
rose
nervous
shake
dirt
injured
destroyed
The help from the whole nation Soldiers dug out those who were ⑦____________ and buried the dead. Medical workers came to provide medical ⑧____________. Workers built ⑨____________ for survivors.
The great success people have achieved The new city has taken on a new look, with great ⑩____________ in transportation, industry, and environment.
trapped
care
shelters
improvements
1.Compared with Wenchuan Earthquake, why did Tangshan Earthquake cause such great losses?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
People took no notice of the signs before the earthquake./People thought little of the earthquake. /People didn’t make good preparations for the earthquake. /They lack knowledge about how to survive the earthquake. /The buildings were not strong enough to resist...
2.Imagine the room begins to shake and you must leave it right away. You have time to take only one thing. What will you take? Why?
________________________________________________________________3.Group work: Make a poster about earthquakes in groups.
________________________________________________________________
The answer is open.
The answer is open.
阅读技巧点拨
怎样理清文章的篇章结构？
阅读一篇文章，首先要知道这篇文章是围绕什么而展开的、是怎样展开的，这就是文章的篇章结构问题。理清文章和段落的组织结构有助于我们更加清晰地把握文章的脉络，理解作者的观点在文章中是如何提出、展开的。理清了文章结构不但可以帮助我们理解和记忆文章的主要信息，还可以帮助我们极大地提高阅读效率。学会有选择地阅读，哪些语句可以跳读、粗读，哪些语句需要精读、细读。
本篇文章结构：____________结构；文章是以____________组织的。
分总
时间顺序
语言现象感知
Ⅰ.单词理解
体会句中加黑单词的词性和含义
1.He was bleeding from the head and suffering from shock.____________
2.His glasses were buried under a pile of papers. ____________
n.休克
vt.掩埋
Ⅱ.词块积累
写出下列词块的含义
1.tens of thousands of____________
2.bury the dead____________
3.the rest of the world ____________
4.in the well walls____________
成千上万的
埋葬死者
世界其他地方
在井壁上
Ⅱ.词块积累
写出下列词块的含义
5.as usual____________
6.look for places to hide ____________
7.get up on one’s feet____________
8.become a home to_______________
和往常一样
寻找藏身之处
站起来
成为……的家园
Ⅲ.句式欣赏
1.同词重复表强调
For several days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.
2.everywhere用作连词，引导状语从句。
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.
3.把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，这种方法叫做拟人。
Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
[思考] 请你在文中找出类似的拟人句：
_______________________________________________________________
The city began to revive itself and get up on its feet again.
Reading and Thinking (2)
Section Ⅲ Reading and Thinking(2)
Ⅰ.单词语境记忆——根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式
1.In order to catch the bear, some villagers set a ____________(陷阱) and covered it with some leaves.
2.In spite of great ____________(努力), we failed to carry out our plans through.
3.____________(智慧) is knowing what to do next.
4.Don’t leave the lights on. It wastes ____________(电).
trap
efforts
Wisdom
electricity
5.Jill’s last school report ____________(shock) his parents into changing their opinion.
6.Death finally brought an end to her ____________(suffer).
7.Ever since he moved there，he ____________(bury) himself in his research work.
8.I like getting up early in the morning. The morning air is good to ____________(breath).
shocked
suffering
has buried
breathe
Ⅱ.短语语境填空——根据汉语提示写出适当的短语
1.The city lay ________________(破败不堪) after the earthquake. Now, rows of houses are being built.
2.It was reported that an American couple had ________________(掘出) a lot of gold coins from their own yard.
3.Although I got up with a headache, I went to work ________________(像往常一样).
4.If we ________________(穿过) the field we’ll get there before Frank.
5.Remember that success is getting up just one more time than you ________________(跌倒).
in ruins
dug out
as usual
cut across
fall down
Ⅰ.语境串记多义词
1.The storm ruined the crops, and the whole village was almost in ruins after the hurricane.
暴风雨毁坏了庄稼，整个村子在飓风过后几乎变成了废墟。
2.As soon as the cat is trapped, completely cover the trap and remove the trap from the area.
一旦那只猫被困住，把圈套完全盖住并把圈套从该地区移开。
记单词
Ⅱ.构词法助记派生词
名词后缀：-ing，-ity，-dom
1.suffer(v.)→suffering
2.electric(adj.)→electricity
3.wise(adj.)→wisdom
Ⅲ.句式语境仿写
1.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water.老鼠从田里跑出来寻找藏身之处，鱼从水里跳了出来。
[仿写] 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。
All night long he lay awake, ____________________________________.
2.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛到了世界末日！
[仿写] 看起来这条河好像不干净，不能游泳。
_______________________________________ the river isn’t clean enough to swim here.(陈述语气)
thinking of the problem
It looks as if
3.Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.
幸存者们向四周看看，除了废墟什么也没有。
[仿写] 无论走到哪里，她都受到热烈欢迎。
_______________________________, she receives a warm welcome.
4.Water，food，and electricity were hard to get.水、食物和电是很难得到的。
[仿写] 他说这个问题不难解决。
He said that the problem __________________________________________.
Everywhere she goes
was not difficult to settle
句型公式
1.现在分词短语作伴随状语。
2.It seems/looks as if...看起来好像……
3.everywhere作连词，意为“无论哪里”，引导状语从句。
4.“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构。
Understanding in context
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days，the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 am on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual that night.
[文化视窗]
地震前常见征兆
1.动物表现异常，例如：大量的蛇爬出洞来长距离迁移；家禽家畜不吃不喝，狂叫不止，不进窝圈；大量的老鼠白天出洞，不畏追赶；动物园里的动物萎靡不振，卧地不起等。
2.地下水发生异常，例如：震区的枯井突然有了水，井水的水位突然大幅度上升或下降，井水由苦变甜、由甜变苦等。
1.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西，狗也拒绝进入建筑物。
【句式解读】 too...to...意为“太……而不能……”，too修饰形容词或副词，to后接动词原形。
【用法总结】
(1)在“too...to...”结构中有时出现可数名词单数，而该结构的形式通常为“too＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数”。
①The sentence is too difficult for me to translate.
＝The sentence is difficult enough for me to translate.
这个句子太难我翻译不了。
②Your brother is too young a boy to be fit for the work.
＝Your brother is so young a boy that he is not fit for the work.
你弟弟太小还不能胜任这项工作。
(2)too...to...结构表示肯定意义的情况
当too之后跟表示主语的态度、情感、心情或倾向的词，如glad，eager，anxious，happy，ready，nervous，pleased等时。
当“too...to...”结构中含有not或never等否定词时。
③He is just too eager to know the result of the exam.
他只是太想知道考试成绩。
④You will be never too careful to go across the street.
过马路时，你再小心也不为过。
[巩固内化] 同义句转换
①The house is not cheap enough for me to buy.
→The house is ____________________________________________________.
→The house is ____________________________________________________.
②The problem is too difficult for me to work out.
→The problem is ___________________________________ I can’t work it out.
③Hearing the news, the teacher was so happy.
→The teacher was __________________________________________ the news.
too expensive for me to buy
expensive enough for me to buy
so difficult that
too happy to hear
Understanding in context
At 3: 42 am, everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400, 000.
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away.. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
[文化视窗]
20世纪中国3次大地震
1.1976年7月28日，中国唐山发生里氏7.8级大地震，造成242 769人死亡。
2.1927年5月23日，中国甘肃古浪发生8.0级地震，死亡4万余人。
3.1920年12月16日，中国宁夏回族自治区南部海原县一带发生8.5级地震，死亡28.8万人。
唐山地震灾情
唐山被夷成废墟，682 267间民用建筑中有656 136间倒塌或受到严重破坏，242 769人死亡，164 851人重伤，4 204个孩子成了孤儿。直接经济损失达30亿元人民币以上。地震罹难场面惨烈到极点，为世界罕见。
2.ruin n.&vt.破坏；毁坏
[合作探究] 体会ruin的用法和意义
The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us awake all night.
地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。
Heavy smoking ruins your health, so you should give up smoking.
吸烟过量损害你的健康，因此你应该戒烟。
2.ruin n.&vt.破坏；毁坏
If you don’t give up the computer games, you’ll ruin yourself.
如果再不戒掉电脑游戏，你会毁了自己的。
Shortly after suffering from a big earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.
在遭受大地震并沦为废墟之后不久，这座城市就呈现出新的面貌。
[自主发现]
①________________ 成为废墟；毁灭
②reduce...to ruins 使……成为废墟
③________________ 自我毁灭
be/lie in ruins
ruin oneself
[巩固内化] 补全句子
①He ____________________ through drinking when he was young.
他年轻时喝酒毁了他的健康。
②Three days later, the fire was put out and some 500 blocks ____________________.
三天后火被扑灭了，大约500个街区夷为平地。
ruined his health
lay/were in ruins
[思考] 表示“破坏”的单词还有哪些？请说出它们的区别。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(1)ruin指毁坏某种好的或者有用的东西。用作名词，意为“毁灭；废墟”。
(2)damage损坏、毁坏，指部分损坏，降低某物的价值，通常接物。
(3)destroy指彻底地破坏，一般不可修复，常作“破坏；毁灭”讲。也可以指希望、计划等的破灭。
3.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊 shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的 shocking adj.令人震惊的
[合作探究] 体会shock的用法和意义
I looked at my husband in shock, waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything. But he only shook his head.
我震惊地望着丈夫，期待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。但他只是摇了摇头。
His situation was a great shock to us all.
他的处境使我们大家都大为震惊。
I was shocked to hear that our factory would have to close.
听说我们工厂将被迫关闭，我非常震惊。
The news of his sudden death is so shocking that everyone is very shocked at it.
他突然死亡的消息如此令人震惊，以至于每个人听到时都感到很震惊。
[自主发现]
①____________ shock 震惊；吃惊
②be a shock to... 使……吃惊
③________________ 做某事很吃惊
④be shocked ____________ 对……感到震惊
in
be shocked to do sth.
at
[巩固内化] 完成语段
People ________________ that the UFO was flying over the city. The ____________ news ____________ all the people around, which was also a great ____________ people all over the country.
人们十分吃惊地发现不明飞行物在这座城市的上空飞行，这个让人震惊的消息震动了周围的人们，也使全国各地的人们感到震惊。
[思考] 请说出shocked和shocking的区别。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
were shocked to see
shocking
shocked
shock to
shocked adj.“感到震惊的”，表示人的心理状态和心理感受； shocking adj.“令人震惊的”，说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。
4.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！
【句式解读】 as if＝as though“仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句。
【用法总结】
(1)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的，从句要用陈述语气。
4.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！
(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极不可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。
·如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。
·如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
·如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going to move.
快点！看起来火车要开了。
②It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?
打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？
③He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
＝He opened his mouth as if to say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
[巩固内化] 单句语法填空
①Tom shook his head as if ________________(say), “Don’t trust her.”
②He treats me as if I ____________(be) his own daughter.
③They talked as if/though they ________________(be) friends for years.
[名师提醒] as if/as though引导状语从句时的省略原则。
as if/as though引导状语从句时，如果主语和主句的主语一致，且从句含be动词时，可省略状语从句的主语和be动词。从句的结构是as if/as though＋名词/动词不定式/形容词(短语)/介词短语/分词等。
to say
were
had been
Understanding in context
But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150, 000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10, 000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet again. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
[文化视窗]
震后救援
十余万解放军官兵紧急奔赴灾区救援；全国5万名医护人员和干部群众紧急集结，开赴救灾前线；危重伤员由专机、专列紧急疏散转移到11个省(市)治疗。
抗震精神
唐山人在灾难面前所凝结出来的“公而忘私，患难与共，百折不挠，勇往直前”的抗震精神，是震中及震后建设中支撑、激励、鼓舞和引导唐山人民最终战胜地震灾害、重建家园的精神力量。
5.trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱
[合作探究] 体会trap的用法和意义
When travelling they were trapped in the mountain, waiting to be rescued.
旅行时，他们被困在山上，等待救援。
The police trapped him into telling the truth.警察设圈套使他讲出实情。
If you choose this way, you’re likely to fall into a trap.
如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。
[自主发现]
①___________________ 困在……中；陷在……中
②___________________ 诱使某人(做)某事
③___________________ 落入圈套/陷阱
be trapped in
trap sb. into (doing)sth.
fall into a trap
[巩固内化]
(1)补全句子
①He ____________________ saying that he liked the girl.
他被套出说他喜欢那个女孩。
②The team ______________________________ and they were eager to wait for rescue. 队员们困在燃烧的建筑物中，焦急地等待救援。
(2)句式升级
③用定语从句改写练习②
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
was trapped into
were trapped in the burning building
The team who were trapped in the burning building were eager to wait for rescue.
6.bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心
[合作探究] 体会bury的用法和意义
She buried her face in her hands and wept.她掩面而泣。
Since his wife left, he’s buried himself in his work.
自从妻子离开以后，他一直专心于工作。
Buried in his study, he didn’t know that all the others had left.
他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。
bury...in...
be buried in
bury oneself in
[巩固内化] 一句多译
由于他埋头读书，所以他不知道外面下雨了。
→___________________________________________________, he didn’t know it was raining outside.(使用连词because)
→____________________________________, he didn’t know it was raining outside.(使用现在分词burying作状语)
→_____________________________, he didn’t know it was raining outside.(使用过去分词buried作状语)
Because he buried himself in/was buried in the book
Burying himself in the book
Buried in the book
7.effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
[合作探究] 体会effort的用法和意义
Another reason why we should never give up is that we can learn from our mistakes only if we make an effort.
另一个让我们永不放弃的理由是，只有我们努力了，我们才能从错误中学习。
The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort to save money.
公司为节省资金遣散了150名工人。
If it is a matter of life and death, we should spare no effort to solve it.
如果这是一个生死攸关的问题，我们就应该不遗余力地去解决它。
[自主发现]
①make ____________ effort to do sth. 努力做某事
②____________________ 为了做某事
③____________________ 不遗余力地做某事
an
in an effort to do sth.
spare no effort to do sth.
[巩固内化] 一句多译
我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。
→We’ll _________________________________________ you，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
→We’ll ________________________________________ you，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
→We’ll _______________________________________ you，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
try/do our best to help
make an effort to help
spare no effort to help
8.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.受苦 sufferer n.患病者；受苦者；受难者 suffering n.苦难；痛苦
What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need? (教材P51)你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？
[合作探究] 体会suffer的用法和意义
As far as I know, he has ever suffered from a serious illness.
据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。
The gas price dropped sharply, and many countries suffered great losses.
油价急剧下跌，许多国家遭受巨大损失。
The old man is said to have gone through varieties of sufferings during the war.
据说这位老人在战争期间经历了各种痛苦。
[自主发现]
①suffer pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hardship遭受痛苦/失败/损失/贫困/艰难
②________________ 受……之苦；患……病
suffer from...
[巩固内化]
(1)选词填空(suffer/suffer from)
①Fortunately he ____________ no pain.
②They ________________ all kinds of diseases in those years.
(2)单句语法填空
③A lot of money has been collected to help those ____________(suffer) from the floods.
suffered
suffered from
suffering
Thank You
(共18张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Reading for Writing
——概要写作
[题型解读]
概要是一篇较长文章本质思想的简洁重述，它要求用尽量少的语言对原文的主旨进行复述。概要不是简单的换句话说，更不是评论，而是作者思想中最基本部分的准确再现。
[评分标准]
《考试说明》中规定概要写作阅卷时按5个档次给分，其中最高档次第五档(21-25 points)的评分标准是：1.理解准确，涵盖全部要点；2.能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；3.完全使用自己的语言；4.有效使用了语句间的连接成分，使完成的概要结构紧凑。
[写作方法]
1.定位——查找核心信息
通过阅读定位语篇的核心信息，包括核心单词，核心短语和核心句子。(句子为主，以单词和短语为辅)
2.改写——用自己的语言改写信息
在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写，对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的改变。改写过程中，原则上字数不超过原句，不改变原文的逻辑结构，充分考虑语句压缩。
3.核查——添加关联词，检查句子的连贯性
核查句子的连贯性。核查标点、语法、连接词及字数，优先考虑使用较短的连接词，如：but，then，later等。
写作技巧
如何写概要写作？
一、题型特点
概要写作的阅读材料词数一般为300左右。写作要求考生在对原文阅读后根据其内容写出一篇约60词的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确，结构合理，语义连贯，不得抄写原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。
二、注意事项
1.词数要限制在60词左右，上下不得超过10个单词。
2.要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。
3.人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第三人称。
4.写作时尽可能地使用复合句，必要时可转换词性，不得完全照搬照抄原文。
[典例示范] 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
We’ve reached a strange—some would say unusual—point. While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization(WHO), more people now die from being overweight than from being underweight. It’s the good life that’s more likely to kill us these days.
Worse，nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight. What’s going on?
[典例示范] 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
We really don’t have many excuses for our weight problems. The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting through—up to a point.
In the 1970s, Finland, for example, had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause. Not any more. A public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 percent over the past three decades.
Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005, and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body. No wonder it ranks as the world’s most body-conscious country.
We know what we should be doing to lose weight—but actually doing it is another matter. By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise. More than half of us admit we lack willpower.
Others blame good food. They say: it’s just too inviting and it makes them overeat. Some also blame their parents—their genes. But unfortunately, the parents are wronged because they’re normal in shape, or rather slim.
It’s a similar story around the world, although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight. Parents are eager to see their kids shape up. Do as I say—not as I do.
[解题思路]
第一步：定位
Part 1：
1.More people now ________________________ than from being underweight.
2.It’s the ________________ that’s more likely to ________________ these days.
Part 2：
3.The ______ of the problem have been drilled into us by _____________________________.
4.In Finland，a public-health campaign has greatly ____________ the number of ________________ deaths by 80 percent over the past three decades.
die from being overweight
good life
kill us
dangers
public-health campaigns since 2001
reduced
heart disease
Part 3：
5.Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland ________________ doubled between 2001 and 2005.
6.We know ___________________________________—but actually doing it is another matter.
Part 4：
7.Others ____________ good food.
8.It’s a similar story around the world, although people are relatively _______________________________.
taking diet pills
what we should be doing to lose weight
blame
unlikely to have tried to lose weight
第二步：改写
1.要点1和2
合并：Good life is more likely to kill us and more people now die from being overweight.
改写： Good life becomes _______________________________________ and more people now die from being overweight.
the killer of our health
第二步：改写
2.要点3和4
合并：People have gradually realized the dangers of being overweight through public-health campaigns since 2001 and the number of heart disease deaths has been greatly reduced in Finland.
改写：Since 2001 people have gradually ____________________________ the dangers of being overweight through public-health campaigns and people ________________ heart disease has dropped in Finland.
become aware of
dying of
3.要点5和6
合并：Many people took diet pills to lose weight though we know what we should be doing to lose weight.
改写：Many people ____________________________ to lose weight though they knew what they should be doing.
4.要点7和8
合并：People should stop making excuses and take positive action to lost weight.
改写：Although there are some excuses, people should _______________ to lost weight.
took some negative measures
act positively
第三步：核查
Nowadays, good life becomes the killer of our health and more people now die from being overweight.(要点1) Since 2001 people have gradually become aware of the dangers of being overweight through public-health campaigns and people dying of heart disease has dropped.(要点2)Regrettably, many people took some negative measures to lose weight though they knew what they should be doing.(要点3)Although there are some excuses, people should act positively to lost weight.(要点4)
Thank You
