荷香书苑王老师高一必修1UNIT2
UNIT 2 English Around the World
Words: include international native modern vocabulary culture elevator/lift actually=in fact=as a matter of fact=in reality=in actual fact rule latter request usage identity government command petrol/gas polite standard recognize apartment/flat accent direction block official
voyage(tour, trip, travel, journey) conquer gradually enrich title especially rapidly settle/settler nearly list century wide spelling fluent frequently describe step immediately report expect expression means cab (keep)fit underground mid-western although lightning straight block repeat flight dialect separate mention lorry suggest statement chance(opportunity) lift correct secretary Spanish-Spain predict content(be content with) bullet poster sample can hint indicate confused puzzle odd sandy economy Dynasty editor including code completion method draft meet composition soldier finally reason
rubber fly rhyme compare excellent disease flash geography state brainstorm tongue twister
clue capital contain quality recommendation navy
Phrase: play a role(part)in even if be based on from one place to another the same as(that).... such as make use of at present no longer come up to the number of more than be different from one another as an official language ever before communicate with a large number of make up instead of without a second thought hold on for a minute at the end of believe it or not such…that take…with beg your pardon go around because of build up make sense get close to in the early days all over over time 随着时间的推移 play a part in all of a sudden turn off(turn to/up/down/out/on/over) improve the living standard
be expected to do sth make a list of take note of I can't follow you.
pay attention to have fun with find out work out slow down
be satisfied with make progress be far away make voyages to .....
each other at that time as soon as leave for tell the difference
There is no such things as..... this is because.... neighboring towns
pick out run after more of be satisfied with according to
Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.
1) Even if=even though 即使，尽管，用来引导让步状语从句，表示将来发生的事情时，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。
Even if you take a taxi, you will still miss the train.
as if/though 似乎、仿佛；从句有时用虚拟语气，be动词经常用were, 若从句与主句的动作同时发生，从句中用一般过去时；若从句动作发生在主句动作之前，则从句用过去完成时。
辨析though,although,even though
though可引出倒装语序的让步状语从句, 可与even, as 连用as though; 可以置于从句末,; 引出省略句时
although文体上是比较正式用词,语气比though强.
even though（＝even if）, 即使, 引导让步状语从句, 退一步设想的意味; 引导的从句内容往往是真实的，主要用于引出不利用于主句情况的信息，尽管”“虽然”
though引导的句子所说的是事实
even if 引导的从句是往往是假设性的，“即使”“纵然”“就算”“哪怕”
naive adj. childish
be native to ...原产地..
be a native of 出生于...
go native 入乡随俗，同化
He has lived in the USA for many years and gone completely native.
(哈尔滨联考)We should have gone ______________(natively) when living with the local people we ignored.
_____you don’t like wine, try a glass of this, which is from France.
A.Even though B.If C.As if D.Unless
There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, _________she was an only child.
even though B.now that C.ever since D.even as
(湖北高考) Even__________ the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be punctual.
(北京高考)____________ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
A.As B.When C.Even though D.In case
(四川高考)He is so busy. He can not afford enough time with his son even ____________ he wants to.
(温州适应性测试)It may be worth trying _____________if the effort makes you uncomfortable.
(北约自主招生考试)Small earthquake increase the likelihood that a powerful event will happen in the near future, ___________the absolute probability of such an event remains low.
A.even if B.now that C.as long as D.so that
I’d like to come up to your apartment.
come up 走进，上来，提出，发芽，出现; 被提到，被谈到（无被动）
I am afraid something urgent has come up.恐怕发生了什么急事。
联想拓展
come true变成现实，成为现实
come across邂逅
come about发生
come at向……扑来,攻击
come from 来自
come out出版;开花；结果是
come up with想出
come round绕道而来；苏醒
come down落下,塌下
come over（从远处）来到；横过
come into use开始使用
how come ...?(表示理解)……怎么回事？
when it comes to sth.当涉及某事时
come to 苏醒，结果是，涉及
come up to 达到（标准等），比得上
come through 经过
come in 进入，（季节）开始，开始流行
When it comes to getting things done, he is useless.一涉及到做事，他便不中用了。
用come构成的短语填空
①The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear him.
②The magazine once a month.
③I wish you can to England on your holiday.
④The engineers have new ways of saving energy.
⑤They an old school friend in the street this morning.
(湖北高考)Is this your necklace, Mary? I came __________ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
(湖北高考)A gentleman at the office came ___________ and patted Jason’s shoulder fondly.
(北京高考)So scientists have come up ___________a shocking idea.
(浙江高考)---Alvin, are you coming with us? ---I’d love to, but something unexpected _________(come) up.
(天津高考)She came ___________an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
However, on TV and radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.
In the way以....方式you will hear difference in the way people speak后面省略了定语从句的引导词，先行词为the way，关系词用that来代替in which,或省略。
I like the way that/in which teacher gives his lessons.
by the way顺便说一下；
in a way在某种程度上；(in some ways)
In the way阻碍
on the way to...去...路上
all the way 一路上， 一直
by the way 顺便说一下
in this way 用这种方式
out of the way 不再挡路
________ his way home, your new pen is ________ some ways similar to the one I’m using.
I don’t like the way______you laugh at her.
that B.on which C.which D.as
(山东高考)The Smiths are praised for the way __________ they bring up the children.
(浙江高考)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write a children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ____________way.
(西安期中)The way_________was thought of by him was similar to the way we carried out.
(四川高考)Colm had to have more treatment ___________ the way to the hospital and we’ve got to see an expert.
(福建高考)Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always ___________ the way whenever she tries to.
It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
1)present n. 礼物=gift adj. 出席的，现有的 presence n.
in the presence of sb=in sb's presence 有某人在场
be present at the meeting出席会议
at present =at the moment
for the present 暂时，暂且
the present condition 目前的情形
v. 赠送，呈现 presentation n.
present sth to sb=present sb with sth
present sb to sb 把某人介绍给某人
2) base-be based on/upon
base A on B 以B作为A的基础
basic adj. baseless adj. 无根据的 basically adv. basement n. 地下室
at the base of 在....的底部
on the basis of 基于...
(福建高考) The research group produced two reports__________(base) on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
(北京高考)First, he showed us the ___________(base) steps and skills of making dough figuring.
(温州十校期中)_____________(base) on a true story, the novel is highly thought of.
(宣城八校联考)Fox’s “Gone Girl”_____________(base) on the best-selling book of the same name by Gillian Flynn about a husband whose wife went missing.
(双鸭山期中)______________(base) on the latest survey, the significant theory this brilliant scientist came up with at the conference was really convincing.
All the people_______at the party were his supporters.
present B.thankful C.interested D.important
(天津高考)When planning Encyclopedia Britannica, I had to create a table of contents ____________(base) on the topics of its articles.
(广东高考)This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based ______________class prejudice.
(全国高考)As far as we’re concerned, there are ____________(basic) no hard and fast rules about public speaking.
(全国高考)The music can’t _____________(present)today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.
(四川高考)The next morning, after breakfast and _____________(present) and cake, we gave the pile of envelopes to him. “Just one more thing for you,” we said.
(江苏高考)____________(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
(福建高考)We have all kinds of summer camps for your holidays. You can choose one ____________(base) on your own interests.
(北京高考)All of them try to use the power of the work station ____________(present) information in a more effective way.
(全国高考)All the people ____________(presence) at the party were his supporters.
(陕西高考)It is reported that many a new house ____________(build) at present in the disaster area.
(福建高考)It is hard for the Greek government to _____________________(克服目前的困境)unless it gets more financial support from the European Union.
(四川高考)As shown here, Lainey can become excited about reading when __________ with literature on topics that interest her, and when the people around her model involvement in the reading process.
presented B.concerned C.disturbed D.replaced
Do you know that there is more than one kind of English?
more than one“不止一个”，虽然在意义上表示复数，但作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数，与many a(许多)用法一样；如果more修饰复数可数名词再跟than one作主语时，其谓语动词则要用复数。
More than one member has protested against the proposal.不止一个成员反对这个建议。
More persons than one have been involved.涉及的不仅仅是一个人。
联想拓展
more than+ adj. 很；非常
more ... than ...，肯定“more”后面的，而否定“than”后面的，是……而不是……,与其……不如……
more than ... can/could, 非……所能……；是……所不能……；不是……所能……
more often than not 经常；往往
no more than 仅仅，不超过=only
not more than 不超过，至多
no more....than.....和.....一样不
no less than 不少于；多达
rather than 而不是
other than 除...之外
Catherine is more diligent than intelligent. 与其说凯瑟琳聪明，不如说她勤奋。
I am more willing to make friends with you.我非常想跟你交朋友。
翻译句子
①当我的老朋友布莱恩怂恿我抽一支烟时，我可再也熬不住了。
When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was .
②可能的解释不止一个。
(衢州高三联考)Today there are more airplanes carrying more people _______ ever before in the skies.
(衢州期中)It takes _______________than money to help those who have suffered in flood; it also takes love.
(湖北重点中学期中)We should keep in mind that there’s usually ___________ than one way to solve the same problem.
(浙江高考)It took ____________building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses. It took brains, too.
A.other than B.more than C.rather than D.less than
Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.
voyage n. 航行，尤指航海和航空
make/take a voyage 去航海，去航行
go on a voyage 正在航海，正在航行
be on a voyage 正在航海，正在航行
辨析：voyage/journey/trip/tour/travel
voyage 海上旅行或航行
journey 常指远距离的陆地旅行，也指旅程，旅途
trip 指短途、短期旅行、远足，也指因事出行
tour 指团队观光旅游，也可表示巡视，巡回比赛或演出
travel常指长距离旅行或国外旅行，是旅行的总称。
because of 因为 on the account of因为
due to 由于, 常作表语，也作后置定语和状语。
thanks to 多亏；由于, 只作状语。
owing to 由于, 常作状语。
as a result of 由于, 作状语。
by reason of 因为
易混辨析because/as/since/for
because表示直接原因，语气最强。回答why提出的问题只能用because。在强调句型中，也只能用because;
as用于解释做某事的原因，语气较弱，通常位于主句前;
since表示的原因是指人们已知的事实，常意为“既然”。语气比because弱，但比as强。通常位于主句前，并常与as换用;
for并列连词，连接并列分句，表示一种补充说明，是推测或判断的理由，语气较弱，不可位于主句前。有时可表示直接原因，相当于because。
(陕西高考)She survived because _____________ a plentiful supply of fresh water.
(全国高考)It has to continue to move, ______________the way the world works is not the same. (because/because of)
(全国高考)Many farmers opposed the plan ______________ they feared that the wolves would kill their farm animals or pets. (because/because of)
(广东高考)_____________him, I fell in love with Spain. (because/because of)
(全国高考)He was so busy __________ the bad turn; he had forgotten to put the landing gear(起落架) down. (because/because of)
(浙江高考)The open-air celebration has been put off _____________ the bad weather.
A.in case of B.in spite of C.instead of D.because of
Can you find the following command and request from Reading?
1) command n. & vt. 命令；指令；掌握 commander n. 指挥官
The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官命令士兵们开火。
常用结构：
at/ by sb’s command 听某人支配
take the command of 统率，指挥
in command 控制，掌握
under one’s command 由某人的指挥
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
have a good command of精通
command (=order) that ...命令……（从句用虚拟语气，即should+ do 形式，should可省略） 类似词：insist,advise, suggest, propose, command, order, recommend, request, demand, desire, require一坚二命三建四求
2) request vt.&n. 请求；恳求；要求 reply response-respond react
常用结构：
request sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事
request sth. from/of sb. 向某人要求某物
request that sb. (should) do sth.要求某人做某事
make a request/requests for 要求得到
on request 一经要求
at the request of sb.＝at sb.’s request依照某人的请求
by request应请求、要求
in request=in need为大众所需要
易混辨析request/demand/require
request“有礼貌的请求；正式的请求”。
demand“有正当权利的要求”，因此含有“坚决或强烈要求”的意思。
require“要求所必须的东西；法律、协定、规章以及其他客观情况的要求”。
但它们也有不同之处：
①require和request都可以接宾语+to do sth.结构，而demand没有此种用法。但可以说demand of sb. to do sth.
②require+动名词时，主动形式的动名词具有被动意义，而demand，request无此种用法。
They are demanding higher wages. 他们要求提高工资。
以上三个词的共同点是：从语法上看，request和demand，require都可以接that引导的宾语从句，并且在从句中要使用虚拟语气。
She commanded that the students____________the classroom.
wouldn’t leave B. didn’t leave C. not leave D. needn’t leave
(陕西高考模拟)The company was badly in need of a manager with a better command _____________ English.
(天津月考)The general’s command was that the soldiers _____________(leave) their fort (堡垒)to carry out a more important task.
(浙江重点中学适应性测试)With the development of society, our country is badly in need of those with ____________ better command of computer skills.
(天津高考)You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests ___________ it to perform different tasks.
(浙江高考)We most prefer to say yes to the _____________of someone we know and like.
(湖南高考)The author could work out which questions to answer since the teacher always requested her students ___________(finish) their usual questions.
(天津高考)Don’t respond to any e-mails _____________(request) personal information, no matter how official they look.
(四川高考)By the end of the first chapter, ______were coming form the back seat: “please read a little louder.”
A.delicious B.requests C.comments D.promises
8. India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.
The number of ...../ a number of 区别
the number of +复数名词+谓语单数 ....的数目
a/the(large/small) number of +复数名词+谓语复数
表示“许多，大量的”短语
a good/great many, a number of +复数名词
a good/great deal of, a large amount of, large amounts of +不可数名词
plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large quantity of, large quantities of +可数/不可数名词
many a +可数名词单数+谓语单数
(江苏高考) The number of smokers, as is reported, ____________(drop) by 17 percent in the past one year.
(浙江高考) During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ____________(increase) sharply.
(长治月考)An increasing number of students, year by year, across China___________ (try) hard to realize their dreams of studying abroad.
(江苏高考)Statistics show that ____________ number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays.
(江西高考)There are ___________small number of people involved, possibly as few as twenty.
9. However, they may not be able to understand everything.
Not+everything部分否定，完全否定not...anything或everything. however,可是，不过; 逗号隔开
You should try to get a good night’s sleep____much work you have to do.
however B. no matter C.although D. Whatever
10.Nearly all of them lived in England.
nearly adv. 几乎，差不多，将近 not nearly 远非，绝不是
far from/nowhere near 远未，绝不是
nearly, alomost 几乎，差不多+ all, every, everybody, everything
nearly+数字 almost+any, anybody, anything, no, nobody, nothing
There were nearly 200 people at the meeting.
I'll eat almost anything.
----Hurry up, Jack. It's time for us to set off now.
----Why so early? I'm __________ nearly ready!
11.Why do you think more people in the world now want to learn Chinese?
do you think/believe/expect/find/know/suppose/imagine 作为插入语，放在特殊疑问词后，其他内容紧跟其后并用陈述语序。
当do you suggest时插入语时，句中的谓语动词用(should+)动词原形
Where do you suggest we should spend our holiday?
I/we/they think/believe/suppose/hope/consider/expect/suggest常用在定语从句或名词性从句中作插入语；
My father bought me a new MP4 player last week, which I think is of great help to me.
12.At first the English spoken in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.
spoken 后置定语=which/that is spoken 过去分词表被动
(重庆高考) The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras___________ (return) to our shop for quality problems.
(湖南高考)You can not accept an opinion __________(offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
(四川高考)The manager was satisfied to see many new products _______________ (develop) after great effort.
(四川高考)Those ____________(give) night milk were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime.
(全国高考)The National Gallery is the British national art museum ______________(build) on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London.
(全国高考)_______________(develop) by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector.
13. As we know, British English is a little different from American English.
as与which引导非限制性定语从句，as可放句首、句中或句末，which只能主句之后。 As正如....，这一点
The same.....as/that区别
当先行词被the same, such, such a 修饰时，通常用as 引导定语从句，连接词在从句中做主语、宾语或表语，不可省略。构成的such(a)/the same....as，表示同一类别。
先行词被the same修饰时，表同一个，此时只能用that引导这个定语从句。
The teacher raised such a difficult question as no one could answer.
Only when he reached the tea house did he realize it was the same place that he’d been in last year.
As is known to all 众所周知
As everyone knows 正如每个人所了解的那样
As is mentioned above 正如上面提到的
As you can see 正如你所看见的
As has been said before 如上所述
As is often the case 这是常有的事
(江苏高考)The number of smokers, ______________is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
(全国高考) “You can’t judge a book by its cover,” ____________ the old saying goes.
14. So by the 1600's Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
1) by 不迟于，到....之前; 指某动作将在该时刻或该时刻之前发生
句子的谓语可以是表示延续性的动作及状态，此时用完成时；如果不表示延续性的动作或状态则不用完成时。
2)make full/the best/the most/possible/good use of 充分利用
Take advantage of 利用
put/bring.....into use 使用
in use 在使用中
of no use 没有用，无益
come into/go out of use 开始/停止被使用
there is no use doing sth 做某事是无用的
be of great use=be useful
used to do sth 过去常常做某事
be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
use up 用尽，用完
useless adj.无用的 useful adj.有用的 used adj. 用过的
use v&n. 使用，功能，用途 usage n. 用法，利用率
The money collected should be made good use_______the people who suffered a lot in the earthquake.(湖北期中考)
of helping B. to helping C. to help D.of to help
(全国高考)If you have a door to your office, make good use ______________it.
(江苏高考)His organization makes ____________ best of a bad situation.
(江西高考)There is no fixed way of ____________(make) use of it.
(浙江高考)The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I’ll just have to _____________it.
A.make the best use of B.get away from C.keep an eye on D.catch up with
15. These new settlers enriched the English language especially its vocabulary.
1) settler n. 定居者 settle v. settlement n.
settle down 定居，平静下来，专心于 settle in 搬进新居，安顿下来，习惯于，适应
settle up 付清，了结 settle dispute 解决争议
2)enrich rich adj. be rich in 富于.......
en-前缀， 后缀 enlarge v. 扩大，使增大 enable v. 能够
widen v.拓宽，加宽 deepen v. 加深，深化 strengthen v. 加强，强化
enrich the nation 使国家富裕 deepen our friendship 加深我们的友谊
16. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.
such as 例如 for example that is=namely即，也就是
易混辨析such as/for example/that is/and so on
such as用来列举事物。通常插在被举例的带有解释性质的事物与前面的需要进行解释的名词之间，意为“比如；诸如……之类的”，可与 like 互换，as 后不能有逗号。
for example同for instance一样起到补充说明的作用，表明在众多的内容中仅取一两个例子，可放在举例之前或之后，意为“例如，举个例子”;
that is 是后面列举的事物的总量等于它前面所提到的总和，相当于namely。也用that is to say;
and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出;
A lot of countries have gained excellent achievements in space technology, China,
A. such as B. for example C. namely D. and so on
(安徽高考)In many cultures, round foods ____________ grapes, bread, and moon cakes are
eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.
17.Languages frequently changes.
frequent adj. 经常发生的；频繁的
frequency n. 发生率，重复
Fatal traffic accidents have decreased in frequency over recent years.
To improve your spoken English, you’d better listen to the tape_______.嘉兴期中考
generally B.fluently C. frequently D.gradually
(湖北高考)The girl used too be shy, but is _____________getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
A.gradually B.usually C.previously D.merely
(福建高考)Drunk driving, which was once a _____________(frequency) occurrence, is now under control.
Banquets(宴会)at public expenses used to occur ____________(frequent), but now they are under control.
18.At the end of 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.
at the end of....在....结束时
at an end 结束，耗尽
come to an end 结束，完结
put/bring an end to sth....=put/bring sth. to an end 结束某事
in the end=finally 最后=eventually
on end 直立着，竖着，连续地
by the end of 到.....为止 (常与过去完成时或将来完成时连用)
19. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.
1)identity 本身，身份，本体
ID=identity card identical adj. 同一的，相同的
identification n. 鉴定，身份证明 identify v. 鉴定，辨别
2)latter adj. 较后的，后者的 the former.... the latter.....前者....后者......
later adj. 后来的，以后的 adv.以后，后来
latest adj. 最新的，最近的
lately adv.=recently 近来
late adj.& adv. 晚的，迟的
separate A from B separation n.
辨析separate/divide
separate把原来连在一起或靠近的人或事物分开，个体没有遭到破坏，常用from 连用
divide 把整体分词分成若干部分，常用into连用
(湖北高考) He gave himself a new name to hide his___________ (identify) when he went to carry out the secret task.
(沈阳五校联考)Meanwhile, two similar studies by a ____________(separate) team have thrown more light on how young blood may benefit the old, in mice at least.
(福建六校联考)Although Chinese people with ______________(identify) in the United States don’t need to worry about their own social welfare and health insurance, they still work very hard, as they hope that they can save more money.
(江苏高考)A quick review of successes and failures ____________ the end of year will help shape your year ahead.
(北京高考)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success ____________ the end.
(陕西高考)Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency ____________ the end of the next month.
(湖北高考)You can end up ___________ what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.
(天津高考)Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated __________ his family and who finally found his way back home.
(湖南高考)I realized how important it was to me. It is part of my ___________.
A.ability B.decision C.goal D.identity
20. Add these phrase to the rhyme so that it make sense.
sensitive adj.敏感的 sensible adj.明智的
sth make sense to sb. (对某人来说)某事物讲得通(有道理，有意义)
It makes sense to do 做某事是明智的
sth make sense 能理解，合理，合乎情理(无被动)
sb make sense of 理解，弄懂
a sense of direction/humor/safety 方向感/幽默感/安全感
in no sense 一点也不，怎么说也不(位于句首，句子要部分倒装)
in no sense can the issue be said to be solved. 无论如何这个问题都不能说解决了。
in a sense 在某种意义上说
there is no sense in doing sth 做某事没道理
come to one's sense 醒过来
common sense 常识
out of one’s senses失去理性
(天津高考)See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t ________________
the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
看，你的电脑又坏了！为了省几美元买便宜牌子的电脑不可取。
(福建高考)What’s the_____________ of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?
sense B.matter C.case D.opinion
21. Hold on= get/catch hold of 抓住，握住
继续，坚持 2)别挂掉(电话)=hang on 3)等一下，停止
hold back阻挡，隐瞒，犹豫
hold up 支持住，举起
hold out 坚持，伸出手
hold down 保住(工作); 限制(尤指噪声)
hold off (雨或风暴)延迟，推迟，克服
(福建高三模拟) Bamboo culture contributes to encouraging people to hold_________ when facing tough situation.
22. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.
1)believe it or not信不信由你；我说的是真的
联想拓展, 常用作插入语的还有：
generally speaking一般来说
frankly speaking坦白地说
judging from ...从……来判断
to tell you the truth说真的；老实说
to be honest说实在的=honestly speaking
to make matters worse=what’s worse 更糟糕的是
to be brief=to make a long story short长话短说
to be exact 确切地说
to begin with 首先
considering/take....into consideration/seeing that 考虑到
to make things worse=what's worse 更糟的是
2) there is no such+单数可数名词+as.....没有像.....这样的.....
such上述一类的；诸如此类的
such与one, no, some, any, little, few, a little, a few, many, much, most several, another, all等同时修饰名词时，他始终放在这些名词后面 ；
联想拓展
no such...as没有这样的……
such as例如
such...as...像……这样的……
such...that...这样……以至于……
易混辨析such ... that ... /such ... as ...
在such ... that ...结构中，that是从属连词，引导结果状语从句，在从句中不作成分。
在such ... as ...结构中，as是关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中常作宾语。
He is reading such a book as you borrowed from the library last week. 他在读的书和你上周从图书馆借来的一样。（ as是关系代词，引导定语从句）
He is reading such an interesting book that I want to borrow it. 他在读的书这么有趣，我想借来读读。（that引导结果状语从句）
the hat he , the man is a soldier.
A. Judging from; is wearing C. To judge by; putting
B. Judging by; is having on D. Judged by; is putting
(全国高考)We shared the _____________(believe) that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back.
(浙江高考)Believe ___________ or not, she is on your side and is eager to see you do well.
(江西高考)It is ____________(believe) that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth.
(浙江高考)--According to my grandma, it is a good idea to eat chicken soup when you have a cold. ----___________, scientists agree with her.
A.Sooner or later B.Once in a while C. To be exact D.Believe it or not
23. When people use words and expressions different from the standard language.
1)expression n.词语，表达 express v.表达，表现 n.特快列车，快递
expressive adj.有表现力的
beyond expression无法形容
find expression in....在....中表达/表现出来
give expression to表现/表达出
without expression毫无表情地
facial expression面部表情
a slang expression 俚语
an expression of amazement/disbelief/horror惊讶/不相信/恐惧的神色
express one’s view 表达某人的观点=express oneself 表达自己的意见
differ v. difference n.区别
be different from 与....不同
be different in 在....方面不同
differ from sb/sth 与某人/某物不同
make a difference to 对....产生影响
tell the difference between 区分
The English spoken in the USA is slightly different ____________ the English spoken in the UK.
What he does differs ____________ what he says.
(全国高考)The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age _____________(differ), we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.
(全国高考)Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a _____________(differ) time.
(湖北高考)The girl used to be shy, but is gradually getting active in group work and is more willing _____________ (express) herself.
24. Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.
recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认 recognition n.
常用结构：
recognize sb. 认出某人
recognize one’s voice听出某人的声音
recognize ... as ... 认定；承认……为……
recognize sb./sth. ... to be ...认为某人/某事物是……
It’s recognized that ...人们公认……
beyond /out of recognition 变得面目全非
with recognition 获得赞誉
come to recognize 逐渐认识到....
Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。
辨析：recognize/know
recognize指原来熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔货其他原因后重新认出来，是终止性动词
know是延续性动词，指相互之间十分熟悉或了解
—Oh, it’s you! I you. —I have just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.
hadn’t recognized B.haven’t recognized C.didn’t recognize D.don’t recognize
(重庆高考)Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early century that his musical gift _______________(recognize) fully.
(北京高考)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _____________(recognize).
(江苏高考)We _________that Kurt wasn’t just trying to make a sale. He was offering a way for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams.
recalled B.defined C.recognized D.declared
25. So she asked directions and then tell her friends.
direction n. ［C］ 方向；方面;［U］指导；指挥
常用结构：
in the direction of 朝……的方向(=towards)
in all directions 四面八方
in sb’s direction 朝某人的方向(=towards sb.)
under one’s direction 在……指导下(=under the direction of sb.)
He glanced in her direction and their eyes met.他朝她这个方向一看，俩人的眼睛相遇了。
温馨提示
direction意为“指示；指引；用法说明”等，通常要用复数形式。
注意：表示邮件上的“姓名地址”时，也用复数形式。
Follow the directions on the medicine bottle. 请按药瓶上的说明服药。
26. Geography also plays a part in making dialects.
play a part (in)扮演一个角色；参与
She played a major part in the success of the scheme. 她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。
联想拓展
take part (in sth.)参加, 参与（某事）
have a part to play in 在....中发挥作用
the best part of sth.（某事物的）绝大部分（尤指一段时间）
for the most part整体上; 通常; 多半
for my part就我来说
(潮州质量检测)Jane, a popular singer, has just given birth to a girl. She hopes that her baby will play ____________part in music industry in her future.
(安徽高考)It’s our hope that we will play ____________ greater role in the market place and, therefore, supply more jobs.
(天津高考)It was years later that I finally understood what role modeling __________ in your life.
A.found B.played C.kept D.provided
27. this is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.
1) 先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, those, these, this, that, 关系代词应该用 who 或whom
2) be expected to do sth 被期待做..... expect sb to do/from sb
expectation n. 预期，期待 expectant adj. 期待的，预期的
unexpected adj.意想不到的 unexpectedly adv.
contrary to expectation, 出乎意料的是
this is because ....这是因为.....
辨析this is why..../this is because..../the reason why....is that..../the reason that(which)....is that...
This is why....这就是为什么....why引导表语从句，从句表示结果
This is because...这是因为....because引导表语从句，从句表示原因
The reason why....is that...的原因是..... why引导定语从句，that引导的表语从句表原因
The reason that(which)....is that....的原因是.....that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语或宾语，第二个that引导表语从句，从句表示原因。
(全国高考)For example, most of us would expect older drivers always _____________ (go) slower than everyone else.
28.So why has English changed over time?
over time 随着时间的推移/流逝=as time goes by=with time going by
联想拓展：、
on time 准时，按时
at times 间或，有时
at one time 曾经，一度
all the time 一直，始终
at the same time 同时
at no time 在任何时间都不
at the time 当时
at a time 每次，依次
in time 及时，迟早
at all times 永远，总是
for the time being 暂时
from time to time 偶尔，有时
in no time 立刻，马上
ahead of time 提前
(北京高考)_______________the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts for their guests.
29.She told us to go around the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks.
1)straight adv. 直接，挺直，笔直地，成直线地 adj.直的，笔直的，正直的
stand straight 直立
straight away/off 立刻，马上
come/get straight to the point 直奔主题（话题）
Straight trees are used widely; straight persons have more friends. 树直用处多，人直朋友多。
2)block n. 街区 n. 大块 v. 堵塞，阻塞，堵住，挡住；妨碍
基数词+blocks away.....一个街区远的距离
a block of 一大块
block off 封锁，堵住
block out 挡住，遮住（光线或声音）
block one’s way 挡住某人的路
Black clouds completely blocked out the sun.乌云完全遮住了太阳。
One reason is that English has a large vocabulary.
reason n. 理由 v. 说服；推论
reasonable adj. 合理的，公道的，通情达理的 unreasonable adj. 不合理的
reasonably adv. 合理地，相当地，适度地
The reason for....
The reason why...is that.......的原因是因为
reason sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
(北京高考)Every animal sleeps, but the reason ___________ this has remained foggy.
(江苏高考)But the quickly found that he loved playing the instrument, and was devoted to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing _____________(reasonable) well.
(全国高考)However, there are a number of other ____________(reason) that might explain why you want to garden.
(全国高考)I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant ___________(fly) to Washington then back to London.
(浙江高考)Bears build __________fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have nergy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
(全国高考)Last week some city ___________(official) suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place.
(全国高考)The title will be _____________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
(北京高考)Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is ______________(actual) in the clouds.
(全国高考)___________reality, it’s the chair that does the important work.
(全国高考)This ____________(develop) was only possible with the introduction of electric-powered engines and lifts.
(全国高考)Both the hand movements and the very idea of _______________(communicate) without speaking attracted me.
(全国高考)Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置)on your desk. And they’ve never actually 21 you. Everything they know about you 22 through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 23 they feel they can know you 24 from the sound of your voice. That’s how powerful the 25 is.
Powerful, yes, but not always 26 . For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone. Rani, my faceless agent whom I’d never met 27 , got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 28 me. I sometimes wished to 29 another agent.
One morning, I had to 30 an immediate flight home for a family emergency. I ran into Rani’s office 31 . The woman sitting at the desk, 32 my madness, sympathetically jumped up. She gave me a 33 smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the 34 immediately. “What a wonderful lady!” I thought.
Rushing out 35 I called out over my shoulder, “By the way, what’s your name?” “I’m Rani,” she said. I turned around and saw a 36 woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. I was 37 ! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so 38 .
Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani’s 39 ---her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I’m here for you’ 40 ---were all silent signals that didn’t travel through wires.
21. A. accepted B. noticed C. heard D. met
22. A. came B. moved C. ran D. developed
23. A. Thus B. Yet C. Then D. Indeed
24. A. rather B. also C. just D. already
25. A. telephone B. voice C. connection D. impression
26. A. direct B. useful C. easy D. accurate
27. A. in person B. by myself C. in public D. on purpose
28. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused
29. A. promote B. train C. find D. know
30. A. arrange B. postpone C. confirm D. book
31. A. for the first time B. at any time C. from time to time D. in good time
32. A. expecting B. seeing C. testing D. avoiding
33. A. shy B. comforting C. familiar D. forced
34. A. bill B. form C. ticket D. list
35. A. hopefully B. disappointedly C. gratefully D. regretfully
36. A. careful B. serious C. nervous D. pleasant
37. A. amused B. worried C. helpless D. speechless
38. A. calm B. nice C. proud D. clever
39. A. forgiveness B. eagerness C. friendliness D. skillfulness
A. explanation B. attitude C. concept D. behavior
21. D??? 22. A?? 23. B?? 24. C??? 25. A26. D??? 27. A?? 28. A?? 29. C??? 30. D
31. A?? 32. B?? 33. B?? 34. C?? ?35. C36. D?? 37. D?? 38. B?? 39. C?? 40. B
?23.B?考查上下文串联。虽然你们之间的距离很远，但是他们只要通过你的声音，就可以了解你。上下文之间是转折关系，所以使用副词yet串联前后语义。故B正确。
24.C?aCooco.net.cn备课中心d
考查副词辨析。副词rather相当地；also也；just只是；already已经；本句使用just表示强调，别人只要通过声音就可以了解你。故C正确。
25.A?考查上下文串联。根据26空后“only by phone”可知本文介绍的是电话，人们可以通过电话了解你。故A正确。
26.D?考查上下文串联。形容词direct直接的；useful有用的；easy容易的；accurate准确的；本空前的but说明上下文之间是转折关系，电话虽然很强大，但是也并不是很准确。与ABC三项语义不搭配。故D正确。
27.A?考查介词辨析。介词in person亲自，by myself靠自己；in public当众；on purpose故意地；A项与空前的faceless形成呼应，Rain是代理人，但是我们从来没有碰过面。故A正确。
28.A?考查上下文串联。空前的cold voice可知Rani在电话里的声音很冷漠，和让我很不高兴，甚至想过要另外找一个代理人。说明我对他的声音很反感。故A正确。
29.C?考查上下文串联。动词promote提拔；train训练；find寻找，找到；know知道；正是因为Rani的声音让我很不舒服，所以我曾经想过另外找代理人取代他。故C正确。
?33.B?考查形容词辨析。形容词shy害羞的；comforting安慰的；familiar熟悉的；forced被迫的；她看到我很着急，笑着安慰我。故B正确。
34.C?考查上下文串联。根据30空可知我要预定回家的航班的机票，本句中Rani很快帮我把机票打印出来。故C正确。
35.C?考查上下文串联。副词hopefully充满希望地；disappointedly感到失望地；gratefully感激地；regretfully遗憾地；对方如此迅速地帮我把机票打印出来，而且一直面带微笑，这让我心存感激。故C项正确。
36.D?考查上下文串联。形容词careful细心的；serious严肃的，认真的；nervous紧张的；pleasant令人愉快的；现实生活中的Rani富有同情心，待人热情大方。是一个令人愉快的相处对象。所以当我转身时，看见的是与电话中完全不一样的Rani。故D项正确。
37.D?考查上下文串联。现实生活中的她是如此的体贴大方，而我之前却认为她很冷漠，甚至有了要另找代理的想法，我真是无话可说。说明电话中得到的印象有时很不准确。故D项正确。
38.B?考查上下文串联。在文章28空前“cold”以及前句“...she was cold”之前我因为Rani很冷漠，但却没有想到实际生活中的Rani是如此的美好善良。故B项正确。
39.C?考查名词辨析。名词forgiveness谅解；eagerness急切；friendliness友好；skillfulness熟练；从52-54空内容可知Rani对我非常友好善良，并没有电话中的那种冷漠的感觉。故C项正确。
40.B?考查名词辨析。名词explanation解释；attitude态度；concept概念；behavior行为；Rani的善良友好的态度并没有从电话线中传递过去。B项指Rani接待我的友好的态度。故B项正确。
Too much eating. Too many unhealthy foods. Too many advertisements for food. Too little activity.
Different explanations are offered for America’s weight problem--a problem increasingly shared by other countries. Almost one-fifth of American children and teenagers are overweight.
Schools have been urged to increase physical education, an important tool for public health. And many have. Yet now comes a study showing an increase in the number of injuries in physical education class. Injuries has increased 150% since 2007. Only two percent were serious.
The researchers did not try to identify the causes of the increase, but they have some theories.
Lara McKenzie from Ohio State University was the lead researcher. She says one possibility is a decrease in the number of school nurses during the period they studied. Schools without a nurse on duty may be more likely to send an injured child to a hospital.
Another possible reason for more injuries is a change in the traditional idea of physical education. This "New PE." expands the kinds of sports that are taught. But activities that some schools offer now, like rock climbing walls and skateboarding, can also expand the risks, says Cheryl Richardson. She is with the National Association for Sport and Physical Education.
Also, she says not all states require P.E. teachers to be specially trained. Untrained teachers could be less likely to recognize unsafe conditions.
Six activities produced 70% of all injuries: running, basketball, football, volleyball, soccer and gymnastics.
The researchers say larger class sizes are another possible reason for the increase in injuries. Larger classes can mean less supervision(监督). The National Association for Sport and Physical Education says 20 to 30 students in a PE. class should be the limit.
The first paragraph is mainly about _____________.
the causes of American’s overweight
the richness in American’s lifestyle
American’s unhealthy diet habits
the reasons of more injuries in class
What can we infer from the traditional idea of P.E.?
The P.E.should expand the kinds of sports.
Skateboarding is too dangerous for students to learn.
P.E.teachers have to be specially trained.
There is no need to hire a school nurse.
Which is the following activities is relatively safer?
A.Gymnastics B.Volleyball C.Soccer D.Tennis
4. How many reasons for more injuries in P.E.class are mentioned in the text?
A.Two B.Three C.Four D.Five
ABDC
