(共45张PPT)
Unit 2 Exploring English
Developing ideas
Misadventures in English
Last week, our forum asked (1) if you had any funny or strange stories about using English. We didn' t expect to get so many posts. (2) Here are some of our favourites, to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world!
Yancy
People say(3) that the British always play safe with what they eat. Not true! I went to a summer school in Manchester and my English teacher was called Maggie. One day, a different teacher took our class. He told us that Maggie couldn' t teach that day (4) COZ she had a frog in her throat. Poor Maggie—but why did she try to eat such a big frog?
135 comments
Sophie
(5) When I first visited New York, I went to a downtown shopping centre (6) to buy some winter boots. At the information desk at the entrance, I asked a lady (7) where the shoe section was. She said that it was on the first floor. So I went up to the first floor, but couldn' t find any shoes. I decided to leave. When I was looking for the exit, I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor, not the first floor. Why did she give me the wrong information?
128 comments
Julien
I' ve got a "English penfriend, (8) who I finally got to meet in London this summer. He had told me that his grandfather was" really wicked" . But when I met his grandfather, I liked him a lot. I found it very odd. Why did my friend use a negative word about such a nice man?
63 comments
Zheng Xu
The British must have really high standards. I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China. I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper. I knew I had done a good job and was looking forward to getting a positive comment. When I got the paper back, I found my teacher had written the comment "Not bad！"Not bad? But there weren' t any errors in my paper.
85 comments
(1) if引导宾语从句，if在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”。
(2) 本句为here置于句首引起的完全倒装句。其中that引导宾语从句，we learn in the classroom为定语从句，修饰English，引导词在从句中作宾语，故可以省略。
(3) 本句中that引导宾语从句，作say的宾语；what they eat为what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。
(4) because引导原因状语从句。
(5) 为时间状语从句。
(6) 不定式短语作目的状语。
(7) where引导宾语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。
(8) 本句为who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰an English pen friend，引导词在从句中作宾语指人。
①misadventure n. 不幸，灾难
②forum n. 论坛，讨论区
③funny adj. 有趣的，好笑的，滑稽的
④expect v. 期望，预料
⑤remind vt. 提醒，使想起，使记起
⑥play safe不冒险，谨慎，稳妥
⑦frog n. 蛙，青蛙 throat n. 喉咙，咽喉
have a frog in one' s throat某人（因咽喉痛）说话困难
⑧comment n. 评论
⑨boot n. 靴子
⑩section n. 地段，地区，区域
?decide to do sth决定做某事
?actually adv. 事实上，实际上
?finally adv. 最终，最后
?wicked adj. 缺德的，罪恶的，很棒的，极好的
?negative adj. 消极的，负面的
?standard n. 标准，规格adj. 标准的，合格的
?exchange n. （学生、教师等的）互访，交换
?spend...(in) doing sth花费（一段时间）做某事
?do a good job干得好
?forward adv. 向前
look forward to期待，盼望（其中to为介词）
Step Ⅰ Factual reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1. What does the sentence "We didn' t expect to get so many posts. " in paragraph 1 mean?
A. People are not interested in the topic.
B. People are too shy to give their opinions.
C. We don' t think it is interesting.
D. People responded enthusiastically to the topic, which is out of our expectation.
2. Why couldn' t English teacher Maggie teach that day?
A. Because she ate a big frog.
B. Because she was afraid that she had a frog in her stomach.
C. Because she had a sore throat and couldn' t speak.
D. Because she was very tired after eating a frog in her throat.
3.Which of the statement is NOT true according to the passage?
A. "The first floor" in America may be called "the ground floor" in another country.
B. When we say someone is "wicked" , we only want to show the person is bad.
C. If you want to go to "The first floor" in America when you enter a building, you should go upstairs.
D. In China, we use "Not bad! " to show something is good.
答案 1. D 2. C 3. B
Step Ⅱ Cloze test
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
Misadventures in English
Last week, our forum asked if you had any funny or strange stories about 1. ____________ (use) English. We didn' t expect 2. ____________ (get) so many posts. Here are some of our 3. ____________ (favourite) to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different 4. ____________ the English in the outside world!
The first post tells us that an English teacher 5. ____________ (call) Maggie couldn' t teach one day 6. ____________ she had a frog in her throat.
using
to get
favourites
from
called
COZ
The second post tells us that a lady said the 7. ____________ (shoe) were on the first floor while they were 8. ____________ (actual) on the ground floor.
The third post tells us that a man used 9. ____________ negative word about his nice grandfather.
The fourth post tells us that a student spent days preparing and writing his first English paper. But when he got the paper back, he found his teacher 10. ____________ (write) the comment "Not bad! "
shoes
actually
a
had written
1. likely adj. 可能的，可能发生的（教材P17）
·The more you hurry, the less progress you are likely to make. 欲速则不达。
·My parents are very likely not to allow me to go.
＝It is very likely that my parents will not allow me to go.
我父母很可能不会让我去。
·Is it likely/ possible/ probable that we can finish the task in such a short time?
＝Is it possible for us to finish the task in such a short time?
我们有可能在这么短的时间内完成这项任务吗？
?句型转换
Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
→①Brian is gifted in writing music; ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ a Beethoven.
→②Brian is gifted in writing music; ________ ________ ________ ______________________ ________ he will be a Beethoven.
it
is
very
possible
for
him
to
be
it
is
very
likely/ possible/ probable
that
用法总结
likely, possible, probable的用法
likely 主语可以是人也可以是物。常用句式为"It is likely that...或sb/ sth be likely to do..."
possible 主语不能是人，常用句式为"It is possible for sb to do sth" 或"It is possible that..."
probable 不能用人或不定式作主语，常用句式为"It is probable that..."
2. remind vt. 提醒，使想起
·Here are some of our favourites, to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world! （教材P20）
这里有一些我们最喜欢的（帖子）提醒我们，我们在教室里学习的英语与外界的英语是相当不同的！
·Please remind him to start early. 请提醒他早点动身。
·The pictures reminded me of/ about my school days.
这些照片使我想起了学生时代。
·Please remind me that there is an important meeting tomorrow morning.
请提醒我明天上午有个重要的会议。
?单句语法填空
①He reminded me not ____________ (forget) my promise.
②Your words remind me ____________ my staying in the countryside.
③I left a ____________ (remind) for myself on the table.
to forget
of/ about
reminder
单词一族
reminder n. 令人回忆起……的东西，提醒……的东西；（告知该做某事的）通知单，提示信
用法总结
remind sb(not) to do sth提醒某人（不）做某事
remind sb of/ about (doing) sth 使某人想起（做过）某事
remind sb that... 使某人想起……，提醒某人……
3. comment n. 评论；议论vt. & vi. 作出评论；表达意见（教材P20）
·He made no comments on our proposal. 他对我们的建议没有作评论。
·No comment! I don' t know anything. 无可奉告！我什么都不知道。
·Users can also offer comments and feedback. 用户还可以提供建议和反馈。
·I commented on his actions and speech without any prejudice.
我评论他的言行丝毫不带偏见。
?单句语法填空/句型转换
①The reporter ____________ (comment) that the film Lost and Love was very moving.
②Don' t offer ____________ (comment) if you cannot understand the real meaning.
③I know nothing about the incident so I refuse to comment ____________ it.
④It is rude to comment on others' appearance.
→It is rude to ________ __________ ________ others' appearance.
commented
comments
on/ upon
make
comments
on
用法总结
(1) make comments on/ about... 对……加以评论
No comment! 无可奉告！
offer comments 提意见
(2) comment on/ upon sth 对……发表评论
4. intend v. 计划，打算
·morally wrong and intending to hurt people（教材P22）
道德上错误的，并意图伤害他人
·What do you intend to do/ doing today? 你今天打算做什么？
·I had intended to go/ intended to have gone to your house last night, but it rained.
昨晚我本打算去你家的，可是下起雨来了。
·The tea is intended for the meeting. 这茶是专门为会议准备的。
?语段填空
My mother intends ①_______________ (hold) a party for my father' s birthday. But she is busy with work, so she intends me ②____________ (prepare) for it. She requests that all the activities and gifts should be intended ③____________ my father. And we both need to keep it secret, because my father has no ④____________ (intend) of holding a birthday party.
holding/ to hold
to prepare
for
intention
单词一族
intention n. 打算；目的，意图
用法总结
intend to do sth/ doing sth 打算/想要做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do...＝intended to have done... 原本打算做……
be intended for 打算为……所用
名师提醒
intend的过去完成时，表示本打算做某事，但实际没做成。有类似用法的动词还有：plan, hope, think等。
5. recognise v. 认识，辨认出；意识到；承认，认可
·recognise differences between American English and British English（教材P24）
辨认出美式英语和英式英语之间的差异
·Lincoln is recognized as/ to be one of the greatest presidents in America.
林肯被认为是美国最伟大的总统之一。
·My hometown has changed beyond recognition since I was last here.
自从我上次离开这里以来，我的家乡已经变得让人认不出来了。
·It is widely recognised that drug-abuse will cause a huge loss of both life and wealth.
人们一致认为滥用毒品会造成巨大的生命和财产损失。
?单句语法填空
①Animals can recognise their children ____________ smell.
②He is recognised ____________ one of the best basketball players in China.
③The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _______________ (recognise) .
by
as
being recognized
单词一族
recognition n. 认出；认识
用法总结
(1) recognise sb/ sth by / from通过……认出某人/某物
recognise...as/ to be... 承认/认出……是……
be recognised as/ to be... 被认为/认作是……
It is recognised that... 人们公认……
(2) out of/ beyond recognition 认不出来
6. base v. 以……为基础n. 基地，基础
·write a story based on given pictures （教材P24）根据所给图画写一则故事
·You should base your conclusion on/ upon careful research.
你应该以审慎的研究为基础而下结论。
·The movie is based on/ upon the popular novel of the same name.
这部电影是以同名人气小说为基础（改编）的。
·On the base of these facts, we can reach the following conclusions.
以这些事实为基础，我们能得出以下结论。
?单句语法填空
①We drew this conclusion on the ____________ (base) of experiments.
②____________ (base) research is of great importance in all scientific fields.
③The research group produced two reports ____________ (base) on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
④You' re foolish enough to base your hopes ____________ his promise.
basis
Basic
based
on/ upon
单词一族
basis n. 基础，根据
basic adj. 基础的，基本的
用法总结
(1) base...on/ upon 把……置于……基础之上
be based on/ upon 以……为基础/根据
(2) on the basis of 以/根据……为基础
7. aware adj. 意识到的，明白的
·be aware of cultural differences （教材P24）意识到文化差异
·Were you aware that something was wrong!
你有没有意识到已经出了问题？
·In order to raise people' s awareness of protecting our environment, we must make people around us aware of the importance of it first.
为了增强人们的环保意识，我们必须首先让周围的人意识到它的重要性。
?单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Only if you are aware ____________ the importance of English can you learn it well.
②我们应该增强人们节水的意识。
_______________________________________________________________
of
We should raise people' s awareness of saving water.
单词一族
unaware adj. 不知道的
awareness n. 意识
用法总结
(1) be aware that... 意识到，知道
be aware of 知道，意识到
(2) raise one' s awareness 增强某人的意识
come across偶然发现
·When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words.（教材P17）
当你打开词典时，你经常碰到许多不熟悉的单词。
?用右边短语的适当形式填空
①—You know what? I' ve got a New Year concert ticket.
—Oh, ________________. You' re kidding.
②Should you ________________ waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
③Our students ________________ different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn on-line.
come on
come across
come from
④I was amazed that he' d ________________ this sweet idea.
⑤My long-awaited dream ________________ at last.
⑥The smartphone-like glasses will likely ________________ this year and cost between $250 and $600.
come up with
came true
come out
短语记牢
come about 发生
come across 偶然遇见；被理解
come on 加油；得了吧，算了吧；进展，进步
come from 来自；出生于
come up with 赶上；提出，想出（注意、解决方法、计划等）
come true 实现
come out 出来，显露；开花；出版，发表；上市
Here are some of our favourites, to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world! （教材P20）
这里有一些我们最喜欢的（帖子）提醒我们，有些我们在教室里学习的英语与外界的英语是相当不同的！
【分析】 本句为here置于句首引起完全倒装句。其正常语序应为Some of our favourites ...are here。
【总结】 完全倒装的用法：
完全倒装是把整个谓语放到主语之前，完全倒装句的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能进行完全倒装。常使用完全倒装的情况：
(1) 以副词here, there, out, in, up, down, away, then, now等开头，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand（表移动或动态的不及物动词）等时，句子使用完全倒装
(2) there引出完全倒装句，除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都译成“有”的含义，句子使用完全倒装
·Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我们期盼的时候到了。
·There are still plenty of shortcomings in our work.
我们工作中还存在不少缺点。
【拓展】
(1) 为了保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密，表示地点的介词短语作表语或状语并置于句首时，句子使用完全倒装；
(2) 有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词置于句首，句子使用完全倒装。
·Under the big tree stand some farmers. 大树下站着一些农民。
·Hidden behind the door were some naughty children.
藏在门后面的是几个顽皮的孩子。
补全句子
①________________ an apple from the tree.
一个苹果从树上掉了下来。
②_________________ the bus!
公交车来了！
③Away ______________.
他们走了。
Down fell
Here comes
they went
句型转换
④Our new teacher stands in the front of the classroom. (改为完全倒装句)
→_____________________________________________________________⑤An old man is sitting in the armchair. (改为完全倒装句)
→_____________________________________________________________
In the front of the classroom stands our new teacher.
Sitting in the armchair is an old man.
Thank you
(共29张PPT)
Unit 2 Exploring English
Listening & Writing
长对话是高考听力测试的第二节内容。此类题型一般为一问一答式较长的对话，每段材料长度一般在70～250词之间，设2～4个问题，每段对话均读两遍。长对话题材广泛，内容涉及考生所熟悉的日常生活的各个方面，如人际关系、学校生活、兴趣爱好、旅游交通、购物休闲、饮食健康等。与短对话相比，长对话涉及的句子较长，结构复杂，信息容量大，所设干扰也比较多。主要考查考生对于较长对话的整体理解和把握能力。
1. 事实细节类
要求考生获取事实性的具体信息，即听清、听懂与话题中心相关的具体信息，准确理解具体细节，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、目的、原因、结果等。同时，还要求对所听到的信息进行简单的处理：如数字运算、时间排序、比较筛选、同义转换等。常见的提问方式有：
①What did the man buy?
②Why did the man go to Chicago?
③When will the woman have her baby?
④Where are the speakers going to spend their holiday?
⑤How many classes does the speaker take a day?
【典题印证1】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）
What is the woman looking for?
A. An information office. B. A police station.
C. A shoe repair shop.
【材料复现】
W: Excuse me. I wonder if you could tell me how to find a place to have my shoes mended. I' m new in town.
M: Ah, there is a good shop not far from here. Go straight ahead and walk about three blocks. I can' t remember the name of the shop, but you' ll find it. It' s near the police station. By the way, you know about the town guide? It' s a thin book and has all kinds of useful information. You' ll find one in any bookstore.
W: Thanks a lot! You' ve been so helpful. Let' s see. Did you say the repair shop was three blocks away from here?
M: Exactly.
W: Thanks again.
本题属于事实细节类，根据材料中“I wonder if you could tell me how to find a place to have my shoes mended. ”可知，女性说话者正在寻找修理鞋的地方，故应选C项。
【解题思路】
2. 推理判断类
要求考生推断隐含的意义，包括推断出事情的进展或根据材料推测说话人的意图、观点和态度等。
常见的提问方式有：
When/ Where does the conversation take place?
What' s the relationship between the two speakers?
Who do you think the man probably is?
What does the man/ woman mean?
How does the man/ woman feel?
【典题印证2】（2017·全国卷Ⅱ）
Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. At home. B. In a cinema.
C. In a supermarket.
【材料复现】
M: Mom, this is going to take forever. Animal World will be on in 20 minutes. It' s my favorite program. You know I can' t miss it.
W: I know, honey. But we have to wait in line to pay for these things we need.
M: You promised we' d be home in time.
W: Be a little patient, Jack. We' ll get out of here soon.
本题为推理判断类，题干要求推断对话发生的地点，根据材料中“But we have to wait in line to pay for these things we need. ”可知，说话双方正在等待为需要的东西付款，因此可以推断出对话发生在超市，故选C项。
【解题思路】
3. 主旨大意类
要求考生对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会，抓住说话者究竟在说什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则需要归纳、概括。为了把握所听内容的主旨要义，要从说话人的语气上体会主旨大意，抓住关键词，对语段进行整体理解，而不应纠缠在某些小细节上，这样往往会造成以偏概全。
常见的提问方式有：
(1) What are the two speakers talking about?
(2) What' s the passage mainly about?
(3) What' s the topic of the passage?
(4) What are the two speakers doing?
(5) What is the conversation about?
【典题印证3】（2016·全国卷Ⅱ）
What are the speakers talking about?
A. Having guests this weekend.
B. Going out for sightseeing.
C. Moving into a new house.
【材料复现】
W: Harry, guess what? I' ve just received an email from Pamela. She and Peter are coming down to see us this weekend.
M: Oh, that' s good news! We haven' t seen them for ages.
W: Yeah. The last time we met them was at our wedding three years ago.
M: Did Pamela mention how long they' ll stay?
W: About one week.
M: Great! I can' t wait to show them around our new house.
W: Me too. We haven' t had any guests since we moved in here. If the weather is fine, we can have a barbecue in the garden.
M: Good idea. I' ll go to the market tomorrow to buy all the things we' ll need.
本题属于主旨大意类，根据材料中“I' ve just received an email from Pamela. She and Peter are coming down to see us this weekend. ”及“We haven' t had any guests since we moved in here. ”可知，这周末将要有两位客人来说话者家中，因此可知，两名说话者讨论的是这周末招待客人的事情，故选A项。
【解题思路】
Writing——图画类记叙文
图画类记叙文要求考生根据一幅或几幅图画所提供的信息，写一篇短文来叙述一件事，属于记叙文文体。写作时要注意：
1. 认真审题明确写作任务。图画类记叙文要交代五个“W”和一个“H”，即：What（什么事），Who（什么人），When（什么时候），Where（什么地点），Why（什么原因），How（怎么样）。整个写作内容的确定、写作材料的筛选，都要围绕这五个“W”和一个“H”进行。
2. 灵活安排写作顺序。图画类记叙文通常是按照事情发展的先后顺序来叙述，但是为了表达的需要，也可以采用倒叙、插叙等方式来叙述。
3. 合理选择人称。一般来说，英语记叙文多以第一人称（I/ We）或第三人称（He/ She/ It/ They）展开叙述。写作时要根据具体情况合理选择。
4. 合理把握时态语态。图画类记叙文一般采用一般过去时或一般现在时。
5. 组织要点。在看懂图画的基础上，最好在草稿纸上逐条列出要点，以免遗漏。若是几幅图，要列出各图的大意，然后将所列要点用完整地道的英语句子表达出来。
6. 连句成篇。首先，在理清句子之间的关系后选用恰当的关联词语，把句子连接成文。其次，要避免句子结构的单调重复。文末应尽量加上适当的结束语，以使文章结构完整。
【增分表达】
1. 交代时间常用表达：
2. 交代地点常用表达：
3. 交代时间地点与相关人物的句型：
One day.../ The other day.../ Last week...
in my office/ in.../ on the way to...
(1) sb was doing sth when sth/ sb did sth;
(2) 时间＋was memorable because sb did sth;
(3) This particular day began at ＋时间点＋in the morning/ afternoon/ evening in＋地点
4. 推动情节发展常用表达：
5. 表故事结果常用表达：
6. 表感想常用表达：
then, suddenly, immediately, no sooner...than..., hardly...when..., while, when, as, not...until...等。
At last/ Finally..., However..., Luckily/ Fortunately..., To one' s surprise...
(1) Personally, I think that...;
(2) I learn from the story that...;
(3) I think that this unforgettable and unusual experience will be fresh on my mind forever.
假设你是红星中学学生李华，请根据以下四幅图，以“A Day with an Artist of Traditional Chinese Painting”为题，介绍上周在“国画之旅”活动中向国画艺术家学习国画的过程。
注意：词数100左右。
提示词：国画traditional Chinese painting；荷花lotus
第一步：布局谋篇很关键
?审题
1. 确定体裁：本文为一篇图画类记叙文；
2. 确定中心人称：本文主要人称为____________；
3. 确定主体时态：以一般过去时为主。
?解图
图片1：欢迎国画艺术家 图片2：____________________
图片3：艺术家指导技巧 图片4：____________________
第一人称
认真聆听技巧
表现突出获得嘉奖
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1. ________________ 邀请某人做某事
2. ________________ 一……就
3. ______________________ 热烈欢迎某人
4. ________________ 带着笑容
5. _______________________ 试图；尝试做某事
6. ______________________________ 在某人的细心指导之下
7. ________________ 由于
8. ________________ 授予某人某物
9. ________________ 对……惊讶
10. ________________ 对……自豪
invite sb to do sth
as soon as
give sb a warm welcome
wear big smiles
make an attempt to do sth
under the careful instruction of sb
because of
award sb sth
be amazed at
be proud of
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1. 上周五，我们班邀请了一位著名的艺术家来教我们如何在中国画中画莲花。
Last Friday, our class ____________________________________________________ in Chinese painting.
2. 艺术家一走进教室，就受到了热烈的欢迎，这使他很高兴。(as soon as引导时间状语从句；定语从句)
________________________________________, he was given a warm welcome, which made him so happy.
3. 我们都面带笑容。
All of us __________________.
invited a well-known artist to teach us how to draw a lotus
As soon as the artist came into the classroom
wore big smiles
4. 首先，他向我们展示了一些画莲花的技巧。
First, he ________________________ of drawing a lotus.
5. 我们站在他周围，仔细观察。
We ________________________ and _____________________.
6. 然后我们每个人都试图在他的精心指导下自己做这件事。
Then each of us ____________________ by ourselves _____________________________.
7. 最后，由于我出色的表现，我被授予“优秀青年艺术家”。
Finally, ________________________________, I ___________ Outstanding Young Artist.
8. 看着这个奖项，我感到很兴奋。
Looking at the award, I _________________.
showed us some skills
stood around him
watched carefully
made an attempt to do it
under the careful instruction of him
because of my excellent performance
was awarded
felt very excited
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1. 用被动语态改写句1
Last Friday, _____________________________________________________ in Chinese painting by our class.
2. 用现在分词作状语改写句2
_______________________ the artist was given a warm welcome, _________________.
3. 用现在分词作状语改写句5
We stood around him, ___________________.
4. 用形容词短语作状语改写句8
I looked at the award, ____________.
a well-known artist was invited to teach us how to draw a lotus
Coming into the classroom
making him so happy
watching carefully
very excited
第五步：过渡衔接连成篇
A Day with an Artist of Traditional Chinese Painting
Last Friday, our class invited a well-known artist to teach us how to draw a lotus in Chinese painting.
As soon as the artist came into the classroom, he was given a warm welcome, which made him so happy. All of us wore big smiles. First, he showed us some skills of drawing a lotus. We watched carefully around him. Then instructed by him, each of us made an attempt to do it by ourselves. Finally, because of my excellent performance, I was awarded Outstanding Young Artist. Looking at the award, I felt very excited.
Through this experience, we are all amazed at Chinese painting and proud of being Chinese. We hope we can have more activities of this kind in the future!
Thank you
(共48张PPT)
Unit 2 Exploring English
Starting out & Understanding ideas
素养导航
Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple
Have you ever asked yourself (1) why people often have trouble learning English? I hadn' t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me (2) whether there was ham in a hamburger. There isn' t. This made me realize (3) that there' s no egg in eggplant either. (4) Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. This got me thinking (5) how English can be a crazy language to learn.
For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo. And (6) when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! (7) While we' re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don' t get homesick (8) when we get back home. And speaking of home, why aren' t homework and housework the same thing?
(9) If "hard" is the opposite of "soft" ， why are "hardly" and softly not an opposing pair? (10) If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same?
(11) When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say "it' s raining" or "it' s snowing" . But (12) when we see sunshine, we can' t say "it' s sunshining" .
Even the smallest words can be confusing. (13) When you see the capitalized "WHO" in a medical report, do you read it as the "who" in "Who' s that? " What about "IT" and "US" ?
You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language (14) in which a house can burn up as it burns down, (15) in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and (16) in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!
English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. (17) That is why when the stars are out, they are visible , but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends.
(1) why引导宾语从句，why在从句中作原因状语，意为“为什么”。
(2) whether引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”。
(3) that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分，也不表示任何意义，可以省略。
(4) neither...or...既不……也不……，neither置于句首，句子要部分倒装。
(5) how引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，意为“怎么，如何”。
(6) (8) (11) (12) (13) when引导时间状语从句。
(7) while引导时间状语从句。
(9) (10) if引导条件状语从句。
(14) (15) (16) in which引导定语从句，均修饰language。
(17) This is why...“这就是为什么……，这就是……的原因”，why后接表示结果的句子；but连接并列复合句。
①have trouble (in) doing sth＝have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难
②ham n. 火腿
③hamburger n. 汉堡包
④eggplant n. 茄子
⑤pine n. 松树
⑥pineapple n. 菠萝
⑦sculpt v. 雕刻，雕塑
⑧sculpture n. 雕刻作品，雕像
⑨seasick adj. 晕船的
⑩airsick adj. 晕机的
?carsick adj. 晕车的
?homesick adj. 想家的
?speak of...谈起，提到（引入最近谈到过的一个话题）
?opposite n. 对立面，对立物，相反的人/ 事物 adj.对面的，相对的，对立的
?opposing adj. 相反的，对立的
?harmless adj. 无害的，不致伤的
?harmful adj. （尤指对健康或环境）有害的，导致损害的
?shameless adj. 无耻的，不知羞耻的
?shameful adj. 可耻的，丢脸的
Step Ⅰ General reading
Match each part with its main idea.
Para. 1 A. Give some examples to discuss the topic.
Paras. 2～6 B. Conclude the topic of the text.
Paras. 7～8 C. Lead to the topic of the text.
答案 Para. 1—C Paras. 2～6—A Paras. 7～8—B
Step Ⅱ Factual reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1. What is the structure of the text?
2. How does/ the author support his/ her idea in the text?
A. By listing numbers.
B. By making comparison.
C. By giving some examples.
D. By using some research results.
3.What is the author' s purpose in writing the text?
A. To explain how English was created.
B. To give advice on how to learn English.
C. To tell us that English is very difficult to learn.
D. To show that English is interesting and creative.
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?
A. When we see rain, we can say it' s raining.
B. When we see the capitalized "WHO" in a medical report, we can read it as the "who" in "Who' s that? ".
C. Harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions.
D. We can see the stars when they are out.
5. What do the two phrases wind up mean in the last sentence?
A. They both mean "turn a handle" .
B. They both mean "finish or stop doing sth" .
C. The first means "turn a handle"， the second means "finish or stop doing sth" .
D. The first means "finish or stop doing sth" ， the second means "turn a handle" .
答案 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C
Step Ⅲ Cloze test
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
Have you ever asked 1. ____________ (you) why people often have trouble 2. ____________ (learn) English? I hadn' t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me 3. ____________ there was ham in a hamburger or not. This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language 4. ____________ (learn) .
Even the smallest of words can be 5. ____________ (confuse) . You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in 6. ____________ a house can burn up as it burns down, and in which an alarm 7. ____________ (hear) once it goes off!
yourself
learning
whether
to learn
confusing
which
is heard
English 8. ____________ (invent) by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the 9. ____________ (light) are out, they are invisible. And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, 10. ____________ when I wind up this passage, it ends.
was invented
lights
but
Ⅰ. 词汇语境认知
1. Water is the opposing force to fire. _______________
2. The students began to feel homesick after they had been away from home for only a month. ____________
3. You will likely feel seasick on your first trip at sea. ____________
4. Each of us is unique and we have come down to the world to develop our own beautiful gifts. ____________
——写出语境中加黑单词或短语的意义
相反的，对立的
想家的
晕船的
独一无二的
5. I normally wake up about five minutes after my alarm clock goes off. ____________
6. I hate travelling by air because I get horribly airsick. ____________
7. The title of the book should be interesting and attractive. ____________
闹钟
晕机的
题目，标题
Ⅱ. 单词语境记忆
1. I like the jobs which are challenging and ____________ (create) .
2. Many stars overhead are ____________ (看不见的) to the naked eye.
3. Her ____________ (behave) at the party was completely out of character.
4. On seeing this wonderful ____________ (sculpt) , everyone present let out a cry of surprise.
5. Your facial expression can ____________ (反映) your real feelings.
6. His writing is so ____________ (confuse) that it is difficult to make out what she wants to express.
7. The first letter in a sentence should be ____________ (大写的) .
——根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式
creative
invisible
behavior
sculpture
reflect
confusing
capitalized
Ⅲ. 短语语境填空
1. ________________ (在我的空余时间) , I like surfing online and listen to music.
2. ________________ (当谈到) money, it' s important but it' s not everything.
3. If you walk home, your body will ________________ (消耗) about 100 calories of energy.
4. I can ________________ (向……外看) the kitchen window while doing the dishes and see the flowers.
5. The speaker will soon ________________ (结束) his speech.
6. They gave us each student a form to ________________ (填写) .
——根据汉语提示写出适当的短语
In my free time
Speaking of
burn up
look out of
wind up
fill in
1. opposite adj. 相反的，相对的，对立的，对面的n. 对立面，对立物prep. 在……对面/对过adv. 在对面，在对过
·If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair? （教材P15）如果hard（坚硬的）是soft（柔软的）的反义词，为什么hardly（几乎不）和softly（柔软地）不是一对反义词呢？
?写出下列句中opposite的词性及词义
①She tried calming him down but it seemed to be having the opposite effect. ____________
②Hot and cold are opposites. __________________
③I sat opposite him during the meal. ____________________
④There' s a newly married couple living opposite. ____________
·My father is a very calm person, but my mother is just the opposite.
我的父亲是一个非常镇静的人，而我的母亲恰恰相反。
adj. 相反的
n. 对立面，对立物
prep. 在……对面/对过
adv. 在对面
?补全句子
⑤The result _________________ what we had expected.
结果和我们所期望的大为相反。
⑥Mary is very generous, but her sister is __________________.
玛丽很慷慨，可她妹妹却正好相反。
was opposite to
just the opposite
用法总结
be opposite to 在……对面；与……相反
just the opposite 恰恰相反
词块积累
the opposite sex 异性
the opposite meaning 相反的意思
in the opposite direction 在相反的方向
2. confusing adj. 令人困惑的，难以理解的
·Even the smallest words can be confusing.（教材P15）
即使是最小的单词也会令人困惑。
·I think it' s a serious mistake to confuse work with life.
我认为把工作同生活混为一谈是大错特错。
·I love learning new words, but I am confused about how to remember them well.
我喜欢学习新单词，但是我对如何记忆单词感到困惑不解。
·He looked at me in confusion and did not answer the question.
他困惑地看着我并没有回答这个问题。
?介词填空
①You should not confuse your career ____________ your life.
②I am still a bit confused ____________ what happened.
?用confuse的适当形式填空
They ③____________ me by asking so many ④______________ questions.I was totally ⑤____________， standing there in ⑥____________， not knowing what to do.
with
about
confused
confusing
confused
confusion
单词一族
confuse vt. 使迷惑，混淆
confused adj. 困惑的
confusion n. 混乱，困惑
用法总结
confuse...with/ and... 把……和……混淆
be confused about sth 对某事迷惑不解
in confusion 困惑地，混乱地
3. reflect vt. 反映；反射（声、光、热等）；显示；表达；沉思
·English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.（教材P15）
英语是人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。
?写出下列句中reflect的含义
①Her facial expression reflected how she really felt. ____________
②Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community. ____________
③Before I decide, I need time to reflect. ____________
反映
表达
沉思
·The manager needed more time to reflect on/ upon what to do.
经理需要更多的时间来思考做什么。
·On reflection, we decided to change our plan. 经考虑后，我们决定改变计划。
?单句语法填空/补全句子
④His face ____________ (reflect) in the big mirror when he passed by.
⑤Your clothes are often a ____________ (reflect) of your personality.
⑥On dark nights children should wear ____________ (reflect) clothing.
⑦At first I thought it was a bad idea, but ________________ I realized she was right.
最初我认为那是个坏主意，但经再三思考，我认识到她是对的。
was reflected
reflection
reflective
on reflection
单词一族
reflection n. 反映；映像；沉思，深思
reflective adj. （指人、心情等）深思熟虑的；（指物体表面）反光的
?用法总结
reflect on/ upon sth 认真思考……
on/ upon reflection 经再三思考
1. have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难
·Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? （教材P14）
你有没有问过自己为什么人们在学习英语时经常遇到困难?
?单句语法填空/补全句子
①I never have trouble in ____________ (sleep) in a strange place.
②Whenever we have trouble ____________ our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.
③I ________________________________________________ foreigners.
我与外国人交流有困难。
sleeping
with
have trouble/ difficulty/ problems in communicating with
短语记牢
(1) have trouble/ difficulty/ problems (in) doing sth做某事有困难/麻烦
(2) have trouble/ difficulty/ problems with sth在某方面有麻烦或有困难
2. look out of从……往外看
·When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it' s raining” or “it' s snowing” .（教材P15）当我们看到窗外下雨或下雪时，我们可以说it' s raining（正在下雨）或it' s snowing（正在下雪）。
?用look相关短语的适当形式填空
①If you ________________ the window on the left of the bus, you' ll see that we' re now approaching the Tower of London.
②When I ________________ those days, I was very sad.
look out of
looked back at
③We shouldn' t __________________ the disabled；on the contrary, we should help them.
④It is reported that the police will soon ________________ the case of two missing children.
⑤I ________________ today' s newspaper but I found nothing important.
look down upon/ on
look into
looked through
短语记牢
look out 当心（不及物动词短语）
look out for 当心，注意（及物动词短语）
look back at/ on 回忆，回顾
look down on/ upon 看不起，轻视
look into 调查
look through 翻阅，查找
look up to 尊敬
3. burn down烧毁，烧掉（多指建筑物被烧塌）
·You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down...（教材P15）
你也不得不对一种语言的独特疯狂感到惊奇。在这种语言中，房子可以在burns down（被烧毁）时burn up（烧毁）……
?补全句子
①A number of houses ____________________ in the fire.
在火灾中，有许多房子被烧毁了。
②Brisk walking ______________ more calories than slow jogging.
快走比慢跑能消耗更多的热量。
were burnt down
burns up
③The fire _______________ before the fire engines arrived.
在消防车到达之前，火已经熄灭了。
④At least nine houses _______________________________ in the big fire last week.
在上周的这场大火中，至少九座房子被烧为平地。
had burnt out
were burned to the ground
短语记牢
burn up 烧光，烧尽（多指东西被烧掉）；（通过锻炼）消耗（热能）
burn out 烧坏；燃尽；耗尽体力
burn sth to the ground 将……烧成平地
1. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.（教材P14）菠萝中既没有松树也没有苹果。
【分析】 本句中neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”，其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成分。
【总结】 neither...nor...的用法：
(1) neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应和临近的主语一致，遵循“就近原则”。
(2) neither可以单独作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。
(3) 表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用neither或nor引起的部分倒装句进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither/ Nor＋助动词/ 情态动词/ be动词＋主语。
·Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。
·Neither of them likes football. 他们俩都不喜欢足球。
·They didn' t go to the park yesterday. Neither/ Nor did we.
昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去。
单句语法填空
①Neither his parents nor he ____________ (like) eating meat.
补全句子
②—I have never been to New York yet.
—____________________(我也没去过) .
句型转换
③The parents were not satisfied with the result and their son wasn' t either.
→________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ satisfied with the result.
likes
Neither/ Nor have I
Neither
the
parents
nor
their
son
was
2. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.（教材P15）
这就是为什么星星出来时是看得见的，灯灭了是看不见的。
【分析】 本句中That is why...意为“这就是……的原因”；why引导表语从句，表示结果；That指代上文提到的事实。
【拓展】 其他相关句型：
(1) This/ That is/ was why...这/那就是……的原因(why引导表语从句，表示结果)
(2) That/ It is/ was because...这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，表示原因)
(3) The reason why...is/ was that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句并在从句中做状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因)
He fell off a tall tree. That was why he hurt his leg.
＝He hurt his leg. That was because he fell off a tall tree.
＝The reason why he hurt his leg was that he fell off a tall tree.
他从一棵很高的树上摔下来。那就是他弄伤腿的原因。
单句语法填空
①He' s more of a talker than a doer. This is ____________ he never finishes anything.
②From space, the earth looks blue. This is ____________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
句型转换
③Tom came late for the meeting because he was ill.
→ Tom was ill. ________ ________ ________ he came late for the meeting.
→Tom came late for the meeting. ________ ________ ________ he was ill.
→________ ________ ________ Tom came late for the meeting ________ ________ he was ill.
why
because
That
was
why
That
was
because
The
reason
why
was
that
Thank you
(共39张PPT)
Unit 2 Exploring English
Using language——Word Formation
【思维导图】
Ⅰ. 基本特征感悟
【感悟用法1】 观察下列句子，体会加黑词在句中的用法
①Her expression changed when she heard the news.
②Older people sometimes find it hard to accept changes.
③They asked a great many questions about England.
④It never occurs to them to question the doctor' s decisions.
⑤Would you please dry my clothes in the sun?
⑥We will try our best to better our living conditions.
⑦He got first place in the final. ⑧She speaks Italian like a native.
【自我总结1】 通过观察可知：
(1) change在句①中用作____________，在句②中用作____________；
(2) question在句③中用作____________，在句④中用作____________；
(3) dry, better通常用作形容词，在句⑤和句⑥中dry, better都用作____________；
(4) final和black通常用作形容词，在句⑦和句⑧中的final和black都用作____________。
动词
名词
名词
动词
动词
名词
【感悟用法2】 观察下列单词变化，体会它们变化的共同特征
①possible（可能的） →impossible（不可能的）
understand（理解） →misunderstand（误解）
②tradition（传统） →traditional（传统的） teach（教） →teacher（教师）
③home（家） ＋town（城镇）→hometown（家乡）
black（黑色的）＋board（板子）→blackboard（黑板）
【自我总结2】 通过观察可知：
(1) 第①组单词中，后面的单词是由前面的单词加____________构成的，后边单词词性一般____________；
(2) 第②组单词中，后面的单词是由前面的单词加____________构成的，后边单词词性一般____________；
(3) 第③组单词中，后面的单词是由前面的两个单词____________而成的。
前缀
不改变
后缀
改变
合并
Ⅱ. 主要用法精讲
一、构词法的定义及分类
按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。英语构词法主要有转化法（Conversion）、合成法（Compounding）、派生法（Derivation）、首尾缩略法（Abbreviation）等。
二、几种常见的构词法
1. 转化法
把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转换法。
用法 举例 小结
动词转化为名词 Let' s go out for a walk. 我们出去散散步吧。
Our builds are similar. 我们的体形相似。 英语中，有的动词可作名词，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
名词转化为动词 He backed his car into the garage.
他把车倒进车房。
We lunched at White' s.我们在怀特家吃午饭。
形容词转化为动词 Culture has furthered the advance of language.
文化促进了语言的发展。
The train slowed down to half its speed.
火车速度减慢了一半。
形容词转化为名词 The rich do not necessarily live a happy life.
富人并不一定生活得幸福。
She was dressed in blue. 她穿着蓝色衣服。
2. 合成法
两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。
分类 方法 举例
合
成
名
词 名词＋名词 weekend周末 bookmark书签 homeowner房东 wheelchair轮椅 guidebook指南；手册
名词＋动名词 handwriting书法 air-conditioning空调
名词＋动词-er painkiller镇痛剂 storyteller讲故事的人
动词＋名词 typewriter打字机 postmark邮戳 salesman售货员 pushcart手推车 workshop 研讨会，车间
形容词＋名词 gentleman绅士 greenhouse温室
名词＋动词 handshake握手 sunset日落
介词＋名词 overweight超重 by-product副产品
副词＋动词 income收入 output产量，输出
动词＋副词 cleanup打扫 closedown停业 checkup检查
合
成
形
容
词 名词＋形容词 lifelong终身的，毕生的 snow-white雪白的
名词＋v. -ing English-speaking讲英语的 nature-loving热爱自然的 heartbreaking令人心碎的
名词＋v. -ed fun-filled充满乐趣的 man-made人造的 heartbroken悲伤的 custom-made定制的
形容词＋v. -ing good-looking相貌好看的 easy-going性格随和的
形容词＋v. -ed strong-minded意志坚强的 electric-powered电动的 white-painted漆成白色的 ill-cooked厨艺差劲的
副词＋v. -ed well-educated受过良好教育的 newly-made新建的 well-known著名的
副词＋v. -ing hard-working勤劳的
介词＋名词/-ing underlying含蓄的，潜在的 in-vehicle汽车内的
v. -ed＋副词 built-in内置的，固有的
合成动词 形容词＋动词 ill-treat虐待 whitewash用石灰水刷白
副/介词＋动词 overcome战胜 overthrow推翻
合成副词 形容词＋名词 hotfoot匆忙地 anyway无论如何
形容词＋副词 everywhere到处 somehow不知何故
副词＋副词 however尽管如此 whole-heartedly全心全意地
介词＋副词 forever永远
介词＋名词 beforehand预先 downstairs在楼下
合成介词 副词＋名词 inside在……里 outside在……外
介词＋副词 throughout遍及 within在……之内
副词＋介词 into到……里 upon在……之上
合成代词 代词宾格＋self herself她自己 himself他自己
物主代词＋self myself我自己 yourself你自己
形容词＋名词 anything任何东西 everything一切东西
3. 派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
(1) 前缀
分类 举例 总结
表示否定意义的前缀 appear出现→disappear消失
correct正确的→incorrect不正确的
legal合法的→illegal非法的
lead带领→mislead错误引领
stop停下→non-stop不停的
possible可能的→impossible不可能的
regular规则的→irregular不规则的
usual寻常的→unusual不寻常的 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-， il-， im-， in-，ir-， mis-， non-， un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
其他意义的前缀 sleep睡觉→asleep睡着的
see看见→foresee预见
national国家的→international 国际的
film影片→microfilm 微型胶片
night夜晚→midnight午夜
bus公交车→minibus微型汽车
write写→rewrite重写
market市场→supermarket超级商场
scope视界→telescope 望远镜 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a-表状态；for-，fore-先，前，预；inter-间，相互；micro-微；mid-中；mini-微型的；re-重，再，复；super-上，超；tele-远距离的
改变词性的前缀 large大的→enlarge扩大
courage勇气→encourage鼓励
value价值→devalue降低……的价值
little形容词，小的→belittle动词，轻视
board甲板→aboard在船上
side旁边→aside在旁边
door门→outdoor户外的
break打破→outbreak爆发 改变词性的前缀有：en-，de-，be-，a-，out-等。en-前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词；de-前缀通常加在名词之前构成动词，其意义大多和原名词相反；be-前缀可加在名词或形容词前构成动词；a-前缀常加在名词或描述性动词之前，构成形容词或副词；out-前缀可加在名词之前构成形容词，加在动词之前构成名词。
(2) 后缀
分类 举例 总结
构成名词的后缀 China中国→Chinese中国人，汉语
clean清扫→cleaner清洁工
visit拜访→visitor来访者
art艺术→artist艺术家
absent缺席的→absence缺勤
invent发明→invention发明
agree同意→agreement同意
kind善良的→kindness善良 构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，
-ese（表某地人或语言），-er/ -or/ -ist
（表人），-ess（雌性），-ian（精通……的人），-ist（专业人员），-ment（性质；状态），-ness（性质；状态），-tion（动作；过程）等。
构成形容词的后缀 nature自然→natural自然的
reason道理→reasonable有道理的
America美国→American美国的
China中国→Chinese中国人的
gold金子→golden金的
east东→eastern东方的
child孩子→childish孩子气的
snow雪→snowy雪的 构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，
-able（有能力的） ，-(a)n（某国人的），-en（多用于表示材料的名词后） ，-ern（方向的），-ese（某国人的） ，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less （表示否定），
-like（像……的），-ly，-ous，-some，-y（表示天气）等。
构成
副词
的后
缀 week周，星期→weekly每周
angry生气的→angrily生气地
to到→towards朝……，向……
east东方→eastward(s) 向东
fore前部→forward(s) 向前 构成副词的常用后缀有-ly （主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度），
-ward(s) （主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向）。
构成
动词
的后
缀 wide宽的→widen加宽
beauty美人，美好→beautify美化
pure纯的→purify提纯
real真的→realize意识到
organ器官→organize组织 构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e) n（多用于形容词之后），-fy（使……化），-ize
（使……成为）。
4. 首尾缩略法
用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。
缩写 全称 汉语
BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司
NBA National Basketball Association （美国） 全球篮球协会
UN United Nations 联合国
VIP very important person 大人物
VOA Voice of America 美国之音
WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织
ID identification 身份证明
AIDS acquired immunity deficiency syndrome 艾滋病
（获得性免疫缺损综合征）
UNESCO United Nations Educational
Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织
APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经济合作组织
熟练地掌握好英语的构词法，对我们学习英语有很大的帮助。
第一，它可以帮助初学者辨认词类，通过一些词尾（后缀） 或词头（前缀）辨别某些词的词类，例如，careful（带形容词的词尾）“细心的”（为形容词）；carelessness（带名词的词尾）“粗心大意”（为名词） 。
第二，可以帮助了解词义，在英语单词中，有不少词头有特别的意思，例如：kilogram（千克/公斤）-kilometer（公里）-kilowatt（千瓦）；通过前缀就可以了解到词的大概意思了。
第三，可以扩大词汇量。掌握几千个基础词后，通过构词法可以比较容易地把词汇量扩大到一万以上。利用掌握的基础词，循序渐进地掌握其他单词。
第四，把相关联的词组合在一起，形成词群，就像单人组成一个家庭似的。以“care”为例来说：care-careful-carefully-carefulness-careless-carelessly-carelessness。这是一组词群，词根都是一样的词，关键就在于后缀了。
第五，建立清楚的词类概念。每学一个词都要知道它的词类，并且掌握与它相关的词，左引右联，很容易形成一个词汇网。
第六，建立词与词的联系，大多数的词都用于几个不同的词类，如果知道各种词类的用法，语言能力会得到更大的发展。
即学即练1
写出下列句中加黑词的含义
①He emptied the bottle. ____________
②Each young person must shoulder his responsibility. ____________
③No one nosed the danger before the earthquake. ____________
④The officials have booked hotel rooms for the women and children. ____________
⑤The government hopes to better the conditions of the peasants. ____________
⑥Which country is to host the next Olympic Games? ____________
⑦Open the windows to cool the room. ________________
腾空，倒空
肩负，承担
觉察
预订
改善
主办
使凉快，使冷却
⑧This apartment can house six people and a dog. ____________
⑨You should picture to yourself the brilliant future ahead of us. ____________
⑩Every year, fresh fruit from these trees is shipped from one country to another. ____________
提供住处
描绘，想象
用船运输
名师提醒
有些词的词性转化后，词的重音发生变化。
(1) export/ ' eskp??t/ n. 出口→/ Ik' sp??t/ v. 出口
(2) import/ ' Imp??t/ n. 进口→/ Im' p??t/ v. 进口
(3) increase/ ' Inkri?s/ n. 增加→/ In' krI?s/ v. 增加
(4) permit/ ' p??mIt/ n. 许可证→/ p?' mIt/ v. 准许
(5) record/ ' rek??d/ n. 唱片，纪录→/ rI' k??d/ v. 记录
(6) present/ ' preznt/ n. 礼物，现在 adj. 当前的，在场的，出席的→/ prI' zent/ v. 赠送，表达
即学即练2
翻译下列合成名词
①snowfall ____________
②horse-riding ____________
③greenhouse ____________
④reading-room ____________
⑤day-dreaming ____________
⑥son-in-law ____________
下雪
骑马
温室
阅览室
白日梦
女婿
⑦shoe-maker ____________
⑧motorway ____________
⑨rooftop ____________
⑩runway ____________
鞋匠
高速公路
屋顶
跑道
名师提醒
合成名词复数变化的五点规律：
1. 以不可数名词结尾的合成名词无复数形式homework→homework
2. 以man或woman为前缀的合成名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变成复数
woman doctor→women doctors
man waiter→men waiters
3. 以两个名词构成的合成名词（前面的名词为man或woman除外） ，一般把后面的名词变成复数
boyfriend→boyfriends
paper bag→paper bags
4. 以“可数名词＋介词（短语） ”构成的合成名词变复数时，把前面名词变成复数
sister-in-law→sisters-in-law
5. 以“动词/过去分词＋副词”构成的合成名词变复数时，在结尾加-s
grown-up→grown-ups
stand-by→stand-bys
即学即练3
匹配下列前缀与其含义
①pre- A. under
②multi- B. again
③mini- C. not
④post- D. out
⑤sub- E. before
⑥re- F. small
⑦tele- G. between
⑧ex- H. after
⑨inter- I. many
⑩dis- J. faraway
答案 ①E ②I ③F ④H ⑤A ⑥B ⑦J ⑧D ⑨G ⑩C
即学即练4
根据要求变化下列词形
(1) 改成表示人的名词
①work→____________
②win→____________
③China→____________
④write→____________
⑤act→____________
⑥Canada→____________
⑦sail→____________
⑧art→____________
worker
winner
Chinese
writer
actor/ actress
Canadian
sailor
artist
(2) 改成形容词
①care→______________
②difficulty→____________
③sun→____________
④worry→_________________
⑤thank→____________
⑥health→____________
⑦nation→____________
⑧difference→____________
careful/ careless
difficult
sunny
worried/ worrying
thankful
healthy
national
different
(3) 改成副词
①real→____________
②quick→____________
③wide→____________
④careful→____________
⑤true→____________
⑥happy→____________
⑦possible→____________
⑧lucky→____________
really
quickly
widely
carefully
truly
happily
possibly
luckily
名师提醒
首尾字母缩略主要有8种情形：
(1) 单个单词截取其首字母；
(2) 多个单词构成的词组截取其各个单词的首字母；
(3) 不含虚词的词组，截取各个单词首字母；
(4) 含虚词的词组，截取实词首字母，虚词省略；
(5) 含虚词的词组，截取实词和虚词首字母；
(6) 含虚词的词组，截取实词首字母，虚词照写；
(7) 截取句子的每个单词的首字母；
(8) ex缩略为X。
Thank you
