2020年中考英语动词和动词短语考点击破及50道精选试题解析与练习(含答案)

中考英语动词和动词短语考点击破
50道精选试题解析与练习
【名题实战】
1.—May I play computer games now，Mom?
—No，you ________ finish your homework first.
A．must B．can C．could D．may
解析：must“必须”；can“能，可以”；could“能，可以”；may“可以，可能”。根据对话情景“妈妈，现在我可以玩电脑游戏吗？”“不能。”可知，本句句意为“你必须先完成你的家庭作业”，故用must，表示命令。
答案：__A__
2.—Must we clean the room at once?
—No，you ________.You can do it after school.
A．mustn't B．needn't C．can't
解析：对“Must we...？”句型的否定回答应为“No，you needn't.”或“No，you don't have to.”
答案：__B__
3.Ann is going on a tour of Xi'an，and she wants to ________ Chinese history.
A．dream of B．learn about
C．look through D．pass on
解析：dream of “梦到，梦想”；learn about“了解”；look through“浏览”；pass on“传递”。由前半句句意“安打算到西安旅行”可知，后半句句意为“她想了解中国的历史”。
答案：__B__
高频考点一　实义动词词义辨析
实义动词：本身有词义，能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1．及物动词
及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型中：
①动词＋宾语
如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)
②动词＋宾语＋宾补
③动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
2．不及物动词
①不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。
如：He always studies hard。他一直努力学习。(study后无宾语，为不及物动词)
②若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。
③有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。
如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)
She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)
【例1】—I've left my keys in the meeting room.Please ________ them for me.
—All right.
A．buy B．paint C．wash D．fetch
解析：由语境可知，说话者把钥匙忘在了会议室里，请听话者帮忙去取一下。fetch意为“去取(某物)”，符合语境。
答案：__D__
【例2】—How's Bob now?
—I hear the company ________ him a very good job，but he turned it down.
A．donated B．served C．offered D．introduced
解析：donate“捐赠”；serve“服务”；offer“提供”；introduce“介绍”。由语境可知句意为“我听说这个公司给他提供了一个很好的工作，但是他拒绝了”。
答案：__C__
【例3】He was wearing a pair of sunglasses and I didn't ________ him at first.
A．advise B．promise C．recognise D．hear
解析：advise“建议”；promise“承诺”；recognise“认出”；hear“听到”。由语境可知后半句句意为“我开始没认出他。”
答案：__C__
高频考点二　系动词和助动词的用法
1．系动词。
本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语，主要用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征或状态。系动词只有主动形式。
分类
示例
表示主语状态
be(am，is，are，was，were)是
表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度
keep保持 stay停留
remain保持 stand站
表象系动词
look看起来 seem看起来
appear显得
表示人的感觉
feel摸起来 smell闻起来
sound听起来 taste尝起来
表变化
become变得 get变得
grow长得 turn变得 go变得
如：I like soft and gentle music. It sounds nice.我喜欢柔和的音乐，听起来很好听。
2．助动词。
本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的实义动词连用构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等，帮助构成各种否定、疑问、强调或省略等。常用助动词有be，have，has，had，do，does，did，will和shall等。
【例4】This kind of peach looks really nice，but it ________ very sour.
A．tastes B．looks C．feels D．sounds
解析：由语境可知“这种桃子看起来很好，但是尝起来很酸”。taste“尝起来”；look“看起来”；feel“感觉”；sound“听起来”。
答案：__A__
【例5】—Do you like watching TV?
—No，but my brother ________.
A．does B．do C．is D．likes
解析：通常我们用助动词替代上文提到的动词，以免重复。my brother为第三人称单数，故“does”符合题意。
答案：__A__
高频考点三　情态动词的用法
情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
1．can(could)
①表能力，could为can的过去时。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to能用于各种时态。
②表可能性。
③表许可。口语中可代替may。
④can't表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。
could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。
2．may(might)
①用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”。口语性较强。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
②表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。
3．must
①表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用needn't或don't have to，意为“不必”。注：have to意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。
must的否定形式为mustn't，意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。
②表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定得多。
4．would
作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。
5．should
①表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。
②表推测，意为“想必一定；照说应该；估计”等。
【例6】—Are you in a hurry?
—No，I've got plenty of time.I ________ wait.(2014，盐城)
A．can B．can't C．must D．mustn't
解析：can“可能，能够”；can't“不能”；must“一定，必须”；mustn't“不允许，禁止”。由语境可知答语为“我有许多时间，我可以等。”
答案：__A__
【例7】—Someone is knocking at the door.Is it Ann?
—It ________ be her.She is giving a performance at the theater now.
A．may B．must C．can't D．mustn't
解析：由答语第二句“她现在在剧院进行表演”说明敲门的一定不是她。may“可能是”，表示把握性不大的推测；must“一定是”，表示肯定推测；can't“不可能是”，用于有把握的否定推测；mustn't表示“千万别，一定别”。
答案：__C__
高频考点四　动词短语
动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与原来动词的意思不同。
1．动词短语的分类：
①动词＋介词
arrive in(at)，ask for，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for
②及物动词＋副词
find out，give up，look up (查找)，put on，pick up，ring up，take off (脱下)，take away，turn on，turn off，think over
③不及物动词＋副词
get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off(起飞)
④动词＋副词＋介词
get on (along) with，catch up with，come up with，go on with，look forward to
⑤动词＋名词＋介词
take part in，make friends with，take care of
⑥be＋形容词＋介词
be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about
2．初中阶段常用短语如下：
①look短语
look for寻找；look after照顾；look over查看；look forward to渴望，向往；look at看着；look up抬头看，查找……；look into 调查；look out当心；look like看起来像；look the same看起来一样；look through浏览
②put短语
put off推迟；put on 穿上，上演；put away 把……暂时收起来；put out扑灭；put down写下；put back放回；put up 举起，建造，张贴
③turn短语
turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn up把音量开大一点；turn down把音量开小一点；turn to朝向；turn into变成；turn over翻开，翻转；turn…into…把……变成……
④get短语
get on/along(well)with与某人相处(融洽)；get up起床；get on上车(船、飞机、马)；get off下车(船、飞机、马)；get back回去；get back to回到；get away离开，逃脱；get down下来；get home到家；get into进入，陷入；get out(of)(从……)出去；get to到达；get together聚会
⑤take短语
take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣服)；take in吸收，上当；take away拿走；take out取出；take on雇佣，呈现；take down取下；take up占据时间、空间，开始从事，拿起
⑥agree短语
agree with同意某人的(意见、想法、分析、解释)；agree to同意(计划、办法)；agree to do sth.同意做某事
⑦go短语
go over温习，复习；go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing
/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营；go into走进；go out出去，熄灭；go away走开；go back回去，回顾；go up上升，攀登；go by时间流逝，从旁经过；go down下降，下沉；go for为……而去；go on继续；go through经历；go to school/work去上学/班；go home回家；go to the doctor去看医生
⑧come短语
come along一道来；come in进来；come into进入；come out出来，出版；come down下来；come from来自；come back回来；come across偶然遇到；come over过来；come home回家；come into use开始使用；come on快，得啦，跟着来，加油
⑨give短语
give up放弃；give off放出、发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)；give out精疲力竭、累倒，耗尽、用完；give away泄露，赠送；give in屈服，让步，投降
⑩make短语
make a decision作出决定；make sb.do sth.让某人做某事；make a mistake犯错误；make progress取得进步；make friends with与……交朋友；make up编造，虚构，打扮，构成，组成；make a face做鬼脸
?be短语
be friendly/kind to对……友好；be different from与……不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受……欢迎；be interested in对……感兴趣；be strict with对某人严格；be strict in对某事严格；be famous/known as作为……出名；be famous/known for因……著名；be surprised at对……惊讶；be pleased with对……满意；be proud of对……感到自豪；be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be thankful/grateful to对某人感激；be good for对……有好处；be good at擅长于……；be made up of由……构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with装满……；be late for迟到；be covered with覆盖着
?call短语
call at拜访(后接地点)；call on拜访(后接被拜访的对象)，号召；call back回电话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for要求，提倡，邀请
【例8】We should think of others if we want to ________ them.
A．get on well with B．hear of
C．get ready for D．hear from
解析：由语境可知句意为“如果想要与别人相处融洽，我们应当多考虑别人”。get on well with“与某人相处融洽”；hear of“听说”；get ready for“准备”；hear from“收到某人来信”。
答案：__A__
【例9】—Oh，dear！Your room is untidy.
—Sorry，mom.I'll ________.
A．set it up B．clean it up
C．put it up D．look it up
解析：set up“建立，设立”；clean up“打扫干净”；put up“张贴”；look up“查找”。由问句“你的房间不干净”可知，答句句意应为“我将去打扫干净”。
答案：__B__
【考点梳理】
动词与动词短语是中考考查的重点之一。在语境中考查考生对基础知识的掌握程度越来越受到重视。考查的范围有：行为动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词或动词及动词短语间的辨析。
大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
1．第三人称单数形式的构成
①一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加-s或-es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。
规则变化
动词
原形
第三人称单数
形式及读音
一般在动词词尾加-s(-s在清辅音后读/s/，-s在浊辅音后读/z/)
work
grow
works/s/
grows/z/
以s，x，sh，ch或o结尾的动词加-es(-es读/iz/，o后的-es读/z/)
guess
mix
finish
catch
go
guesses/iz/
mixes/iz/
finishes/iz/
catches/iz/
goes/z/
以字母e结尾的动词，直接加-s(-s读/z/或/s/)
write
like
writes/z/
likes/s/
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es(-ies读/iz/)
study
carry
studies/iz/
carries/iz/
以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加-s(-s读/z/)
play
say
plays/z/
says/z/
②不规则变化的有have—has等。
2．现在分词的构成
规则变化
动词原形
现在分词
一般在动词后加-ing
help
work
helping
working
以不发音的字母e结尾的
动词，先去e再加-ing
write
move
writing
moving
以y结尾的动词，直接
加-ing
play
study
playing
studying
以重读闭音节结尾的动
词，先双写末尾的辅音
字母，再加-ing
get
begin
getting
beginning
以ie结尾的名词，一般
将ie改为y，再加-ing
lie
die
lying
dying
3.过去式和过去分词的构成
①规则变化
规则变化
动词原形
过去式，过去分词及其读音
一般在动词词尾加-ed(在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音后读d，在t和d后读/id/)
ask
answer
want
need
asked—-asked/t/
answered—answered/d/
wanted—wanted/id/
needed—needed/id/
以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加-d(读/d/)
love
dance
loved－loved/d/
danced－danced/d/
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-ed(读/d/)
try
study
tried—tried/d/
studied—studied/d/
以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加-ed(读/d/)
play
stay
played—played/d/
stayed—stayed/d/
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed(在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音后读/d/，在t和d后读/id/)
stop
plan
stopped—stopped/t/
planned—planned/d/
②不规则变化需单独记忆。
专项训练
一、单项选择
1．—I'm leaving now.
—____ your coat.It's cold outside.
A．Wear B．Putting on
C．Put on
2．Our school is planning to ____ a band to give the students a chance to show their musical talent.
A．take up B．set up C．pick up
3．She went to Hangzhou by train last night.She ____ be at home now.
A．must not B．may not C．can't
4．Mum，what are you cooking？It ____ so sweet.
A．tastes B．feels C．sounds D．smells
5．—I got a message saying my phone number won a prize worth $3，000.
—Too good to be true.Don't ____ it.
A．do B．hold C．make D．believe
6．The girl is greatly interested in the song.The lyrics of it ____ her thoughts and feelings.
A．express B．discuss C．expect D．imagine
7．I used to ____ with my wife and watch TV movies at home.
A．show up B．wake up C．come up D．stay up
8．—How was the concert last night?
—It was so good.Though it ____ nearly four hours，few people left early.
A．covered B．reached C．lasted D．played
9．Spring has come.We can't ____ the plan.The trees must be planted this week.
A．put off B．make up
C．come up with D．look up
10．—Jason，I can't get Sue on the phone.
—I'm seeing her this afternoon.Do you want me to ____ any message？
A．pass on B．find out
C．look up D．work on
11．Children ____ sit in the front seat of a car.It's too dangerous.
A．need B．needn't C．must D．mustn't
12．—____ you leave now？You only arrived here an hour ago.
—Sorry，but so much homework is waiting for me.
A．May B．Must C．Can D．Might
13．We ____ pay to get into the concert.It's free.
A．can't B．mustn't
C．might not D．don't have to
14．—Is the man over there Mr.Brown?
—It ____ him.He has gone to Brazil to watch the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
A．may not B．can't be
C．shouldn't D．mustn't
15．—You can hardly imagine the pleasure of talking on the Wechat (微信)．
—Really？But it ____ cause you much trouble if somebody gets your personal information.
A．may B．need C．has to
16．—I forgot to bring my dictionary.Could I use yours?
—Yes，you ____．
A．can　　　B．must　 　C．could　 　D．should
17．If you ____ smoke，please go outside.
A．can B．may C．must D．might
18．It ____ about eight minutes for sunlight (阳光) to travel from the sun to the earth.
A．takes B．spends C．costs D．pays
19．—This is quite a new phrase.
—Right.It has already ____ the language.
A．spoken B．used C．entered D．covered
20．Recycling is good，so don't ____ bottles or newspapers.
A．find out B．hand in C．use up D．throw away
21．—iPhones and iPads are so popular these days.
—Yes，they can ____ our eyes to the outside world.
A．turn up B．open up
C．call up D．think up
22. Our teacher, Miss Chen, ________English on the radio the day bore yesterday.
A. teaches B. taught
C. will teach D. had taught
23. I don’t think I _________ you in that dress before.
A. have seen B. was seeing
C. saw D. see
24. Susan’s parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _______ be very expensive.
A. must B. can C. mustn’t D. can’t
25. Coffee is ready. How nice it ________ ! Would you like some?
A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels
26. “ Mr. Zhu, you’d better _______ too much meat. You are already over weight,” said the doctor.
A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat
27. “Don’t always make Michael ________ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,” Mr. Bush said to his wife.
A. do B. to do C. does D. did
28. Sorry, I can’t hear you clearly. Will you please ________ your E-mail address? I’ll
write it down.
A. review B. recite C. report D. repeat
29. Don’t ________ your coat, Tom! It’s easy to catch cold in spring.
A. take away B. take off C. take down D. take out
30. You _______ go and ask Meimei. She _______ know the answer.
A. must; can B. must; may C. need; can D. can; may
二. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out _______ (ride) the waves.
2. ---What do you use the key for?
---It is ________ (use) for making the robot work.
3. No news _______ (be) good news. I’m sure Jane is still all right.
4. ---Are you feeling better these days?
---Yes, much better. I _______ as well as these days for a long time.
5. It ________ (rain) heavily, you’d better not go out now.
6. The city of Xian _______ (become) cleaner and cleaner.
7. The boys enjoy _______ (see) fight films very much.
8. He left the room without _______ (say) goodbye.
9. Rice ________ (grow) in the south of China.
10. Many trees ________ (plant) in our school yard these years.
三. 用方框中所给的动词或动词词组的适当形式填入下列句子里，使其意思通顺，每个动词或动词词组只能用一次
Allow, fall, not be, phone, receive, show, send for,
pay for, be used for, turn it off, keep on
1. It’s rather hot today, but the weather report says the temperature ____ to 28C tomorrow.
2. “Remember, nobody ________ to eat or drink in the computer room,” the assistant said to the new students.
3. Hi, Mike! I _________ your invitation. Thank you very much. I’ll come on time.
4. This time yesterday I ________ the foreigners around the ancient church.
5. My uncle phoned the booking office of the airline, and he was told there _______ any flights to Singapore in the following three days because of the bad weather.
6. Don’t lose heart and ________ trying.
7. Don’t watch TV. It’s too late. Please _______ and go to bed right now.
8. Computers are useful. They can ________ sending E-mail.
9. If you’ve lost this book, you have to _______ it.
10. Both of his feet were hurt in the accident. _______ a doctor, please.
参考答案
一.
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.D
6.A 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.A
11.D 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.A
16.A 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.D
21.B 22.B 23.A 24.A 25.B
26.C 27.A 28.D 29.B 30.D
二.
1.riding 2.used 3.is 4.have not felt 5.is raining
6. is becoming 7.seeing 8.sayig 9.is grown 10.have been planted
三.
1.will fall 2.is allowed 3.have received 4.was showing 5.would not be
6.keep on 7.turn it off 8.be used for 9.pay for 10.Send for