高中英语必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars重点单词梳理 练习（附答案）

Book 3 Unit 4 重点单词短语梳理 + 练习 （附答案）

1. exist vi. 存在, 生存, 生活, 继续存在
原句: They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 恐龙也会下蛋, 而且在地球上存活了超过1.4亿年。(B3 P26)
例句: This kind of rare animals existed 20,000 years ago. 这种珍稀动物两万年前就存在了。
exist in 存在于……中 exist on=live on 靠……生活 exist as 作为……而存在,
⑴ The little boy cannot exist ______________ the money he is earning.
⑵ Matter can exist ______________ a solid, liquid or gas.
⑶ We can’t exist without water. That means our ______________(exist) depends on water.

2. puzzle n. 谜; 难题v. (使)迷惑; (使)为难
原句: How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. 生命是如何起源的这个问题是科学家很难解答的最大困惑之一。(B3 P27)
例句: How he passed the exam is still a puzzle to us. 他如何通过考试的对我们来说还是一个谜。
be puzzled by 被……迷惑 be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜/困惑
be/feel puzzled about 对……感到困惑
运用 填入一个恰当的词或完成句子。
⑴ Your explanation was really a puzzle __________ me.
⑵ His recent behavior________________ (使我困惑).

3. prevent /stop /keep...from 阻止/防止……做/发生……
原句: They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中, 这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。(B3 P26)
例句: The farmer built a wall to prevent his chickens from running out. 那个农民建了围墙来防止鸡跑出去。
提示: 在主动语态的句子中, stop和 prevent后的from可省略, 但keep后的from不能省略; 在被动语态中, 此三个短语中的from 均不可省略。
比较: protect ...from ... 保护……不受……
运用 根据汉语提示完成句子。
⑴上涨的河水使我们过不了河。
The rising water ______________________________________________________________ .
⑵人们采取行动来防止了环境的恶化。
People took measures _____________________________________________________________.

4. now that 由于; 既然
原句: Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. 重力改变了, 看来走路也的确需要练一练了。(B3 P31)
例句: Now that you are a student, you must obey school rules. 既然你是学生, 你必须遵守学校的规则。
⑴ 既然大家都来了, 我们就开会吧。
_______________________________________________________, let’s begin our meeting.

⑵ 既然已完成了工作, 你就应该好好休息。
You ought to have a good rest ______________________________________________________ .

5. in time 及时(=early or soon enough)
原句: They were followed in time by land animals 陆栖动物及时来到陆地。(B3 P26)
例句: The man in time caught the bag falling from upstairs. 那个人及时接住了从楼上掉下来的包。
提示: in time与on time不同, on time意为“按时, 准时” 是就时间表来办事。in time 是就另一件事来办事。
运用 填入一个恰当的词。
⑴ When our guests arrive at our home, we should serve tea _______ time.
⑵ With many subjects to concentrate on, I failed to finish homework ________ time.

6. break out (火灾/战争/地震等)爆发; 发生
原句:We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth gravity increased. 因为地球引力增加, 所以当宇宙飞船外边察出火花时我们看呆了。(B3 P31)
例句: The teacher stayed at home when the big fire broke out in the tall building. 当那场高楼大火发生时, 那个老师正呆在家里。
break into 破门而入 break up (组织, 公司等)解散 break away from脱离
运用 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。
⑴昨天晚上, 两个小偷破门而入小李家, 并偷走了一块手表。
Last night, two thieves ____________________ Xiao Li’s home and stole a watch.
⑵当地震发生时, 大家都在睡觉。
When the earthquake ____________________, everyone was sleeping in bed.
⑶ ABA 乐队去年解散了,这是我们没有料想到的。
Band ABA __________________ last year, which was beyond our expectation.

用适当的连接词填空A组
1.____________ life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.
2.___________ is to take Li Ming’s place is being discussed．
3.____________ we will have the sports meeting has not been decided yet.
4.___________ side he will take is still unknown.
5.___________ wins the prize may get the car.
6.___________ you did is right.
7.___________ we shall hold our sports meet is not decided.

用适当的连接词填空B组
1. __________ he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday wasn’t quite clear.
2. The Foreign Minister said, “It is our hope __________ the two sides will work towards peace.”
3. __________ team will win the match is still unknown.
4. ____________ comes to the party will receive a present.
5. __________ Mary has left is still a question.
6. It’s reported _________ three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.
7. __________ he solved the problem successfully interested all of us.
8. We usually think __________ we can’t get seems better than what we have.
9. It is a fact __________ English is being accepted as an international language.
10. __________ is to be sent there to solve the problem hasn’t been decided.

把下列句子补充完整
1．(谁将去接他)__________________________________________________is not decided.
2．(哪个班极会赢得这场足球赛) ___________________________________________________is not clear so far.
3．(他能否买到飞机票) ______________________________________________doesn’t matter much.
4．(我们如何去那里) ________________________________________is a question.
5．(你刚才告诉我的) ________________________________________ was really a surprise.
6．(他什么时候出国) ____________________________________is being discussed
7．(他为什么哭) ____________________________________________ is not clear.
8． It is clear____________________________________________ (他是一个乞丐).
9． (你要请谁) __________________________________________ is not important.
10．(我们将在哪里举行篮球赛) ___________________________________________________ is not clear.

Homework完形填空
I am a mother of three and have recently completed my college degree. My teacher’s last 26? ?of the term was called “ Smile”. I am a very friendly person and always ?27 ?at everyone. So I thought this would be very ?28.
Soon after we were given the project, my ?29 ?went out to McDonald’s. We were waiting to be?30, when all of a sudden everyone around us began to ?31 , and even my husband did. There standing behind me were two homeless men ?32 .
As I looked down at the short gentleman with 33 ?eyes, he said, “Good day.” The second man stood behind his friend. I ?34 ?the second man was mentally challenged(智障) and the blue-eyed gentleman was his helper.
The young ?35 ?at the counter asked him what they wanted.
He said, “Coffee is all, Miss.” Because that was all they could 36 .
I smiled and asked the young lady to give me two more breakfast meals on a 37 ?tray(托盘). I then said to the men, “ I did not do this for you. God is here ?38 ?me to give you hope.”
When I joined my husband, he smiled at me, saying, “That is 39 ?God gave you to me, Honey, to give me hope.”
I returned to 40 ?with this story in hand. I 41 ?“my project” and the teacher read it. Then she looked up at me and said, “Can I ?42 ?this with the class?”
I slowly ?43 ?and she began to read and that was when I knew that we, as human beings, share this to help people and to be 44 .
In my own way I had ?45 ?the people at McDonald’s, my husband, sons, teacher, and every person that shared the classroom on the last night I spent as a college student.

26. A. question???????? B. project????????? C. class??????? D. expression
27. A. smile??????????? B. laugh??????????? C. look???????? D. stare
28. A. difficult??????? B. funny??????????? C. important??? D. easy
29. A. teacher? ??????? B. classmates??????C. family?????? D. children
30. A. ordered????????? B. served?????????? C. paid???????? D. called
31. A. run away???????? B. crowd in????????C. shout out??? D. move away
32. A. in surprise????? B. in silence?????? C. in rags????? D. in fear
33. A. tearful????? ?? ?B. blue???????????? C. closed?????? D. black
34. A. realized???????? B. accepted???????? C. permitted??? D. admitted
35. A. helper?????????? B. gentleman??????? C. lady???????? D. friend
36. A. drink??????????? B. want???????????? C. take???????? D. afford
37. A. big ???????????? B. separate???????? C. flat???????? D. round
38. A. whispering?????? B. going??????????? C. taking?????? D. carrying
39. A. how????????????? B. when???????????? C. where??????? D. why
40 A. college?????????? B. home???????????? C. church?????? D. McDonald’s
41. A. put up?????????? B. handed out?????? C. handed in??? D. put away
42. A. publish????????? B. share??????????? C. copy ??????? D. keep
43. A. turned?????????? B. left???????????? C. shook??????? D. nodded
44 A. forgiven???????? B. thanked????????? C. helped?????? D. remembered
45. A. touched????????? B. knew???????????? C. forgot?????? D. recognized












Keys:
1. What 2.Who 3. When /Where/Whether
4.Which 5.Whoever 6.What (ever)
7.When / Where / Whether

1. Why 2.that 3.Which 4.Whoever 5.Whether 6.that 7.How 8.what
9.that 10. Who

1.?Who?will?pick?him?up??
2.?Which?class?will?win?the?football?match?
3.?Whether?he?can?buy?the?plane?ticket?
4.How?we?will?go?there?
5.?What?you?told?me?just?now?
6.?When?he?will?go?abroad?
7.?Why?he?cries?
8.?that?he?is?a?beggar?
9.?Who?you?will?invite??
10.Where?we?will?hold?the?basketball?match

26-30 BADCB??? 31-35 DCBAC
36-40 DBADA??? 41-45 CBDCA