2020年中考英语专项复习名词课件(51张PPT)

课件51张PPT。中考英语专项复习 中考英语复习 名词
中考英语专项复习 名 词 一、考查重点
可数名词与不可数名词
2.名词的作用
3.名词的所有格
4.名词词义辨析 名词{ 专有名词（如：Tom，China， the United States, January, Monday) 可数{普通名词{物质名词(如water,ice,wood)
抽象名词(如:happiness幸福)个体名词(如：teacher教师)
集体名词(如：police警察) 不可数{名词单数的表达
一般可用a，an，one来修饰
注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前
*a book
* an English book
* an hour


flowerflowers找规律,总结规则watchesfactory-factoriesleaf -- leavesboxesNOUN.可数名词的复数形式
1.规则变化
(1) 一般在词尾加“s”/s/or/z/
* dog – dogs * book – books * cap – caps * tree – trees
(2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/
*box – boxes *watch – watches *bus– buses *brush – brushes 注：stomach/k/ – stomachs (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es” /iz/
* country – countries * baby – babies
* factory – factories * party – parties
请区别：如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s”
* boy – boys holiday-holidays
* day-holidays monkey – monkeys
(4) 以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es” /vz/
* half – halves * shelf – shelves
* knife – knives * leaf – leaves
特殊:roof---roofs belief---beliefs proof---proofsHandkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves巧学妙记找规律tomatoespotatoesNegroesNOUN.黑人和英雄爱吃西红柿拌土豆。heroes (5) 以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/.potato，tomato，hero等除外
* piano – pianos * zoo – zoos
* radio-radios * bamboo – bamboos

woman--womenman--menNOUN.2.不规则变化(1)变-a为-e (2)变元音字母oo为eepoliceman – policemen
Frenchman – Frenchmen (3)单复数同形
Chinese – Chinese fish – fish Japanese – Japanese sheep–sheepsheep特殊：children请区别：German(德国人) – Germans
(“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面)(4).常以复数形式出现的名词
people clothes shoes
trousers socks glasses
这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数
* My clothes are newer than yours.1.Several _____ are talking? under the tree．And they are talking about______.
A．woman; children B．woman; child
C．women; children
2. There are three in my family.
A. people B. person C. child
3. Some ______ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen
C. Germany D. Germanies
CAA4. In the picture there are many______ and two_______.?
A. sheeps; knifes B. sheeps; knife
C. sheep; knives D. sheep; knife
5. There are four_______and two_______in the group.
A. Japanese，Germen B. Japaneses，Germen
C. Japanese，German D. Japanese，Germans
DC★不可数名词
物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词.
常见的不可数名词
water rice fish meat
work chalk time space music
money weather homework
wood information news medicine2 不可数名词的数 （1) a lot of/lots of, some, much, a little, plenty of ,a bit of,a large amount of+不可数名词

(2) 数词+容器+of+不可数名词
a glass of water—two glasses of water
单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数
*Some bread is over there.
*No news is good news.
不可数名词不能直接被a, an, one, two等修饰，常用much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any，plenty of 等修饰
*They had much money.
*He does little housework at home.
* a rice (X) two bread (X) 可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+of+名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变
*a bag of apples
*a piece of paper
*three glasses of orange巩固练习:
(1)一茶杯茶 （2）一碗饭
（3）两公斤肉 （4）五瓶橘汁
（5）一双鞋 （6）许多瓶牛奶 4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情
况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同
glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯)
work(工作) – a work(著作)

time(时间) – times(次数)
1. Please give me ______ paper.?
A. one B. a pieces C. a piece D. a piece of
2. This table is made of_______.
A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass
3. —What can I do for you, sir?
—I'd like two_________.
A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks
C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks
4. We can do the work better with______money and
________ people.
A. less, fewer B. fewer, less
C. little, little D. few, few DDCA主谓一致当people, class, family, team, group, public, police 等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。e.g The class are waiting for her.
Tom’s family _____ rather big. Tom’s family _________ film fans. is are2.news, maths, politics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。e.g The news makes her very happy.
Maths ___ not easy for him. is 专有名词：
1.表示人名 如：Jim Kate Li Lei Miss Gao
2.表示地名:如: China USA England Beijing
3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：
Sunday Monday Tuesday January February
4.表示中外节日：
国际性节日:New Year May Day Children’s Day
Women’s Day
中国节日: Spring Festival Mid-autumn Day
National Day
西方节日: Christmas Day Easter(复活节）Father’s Day
Mother’s Day Saint Valentine’s Day(情人节)
5. 机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如:
CCTV WTO PLA PRC UFO BBC SOS NBA IQ EQ
PE RMB VIP
名词的作用名词所有格
表示名词间的所有关系“ …的”
一.名词所有格的构成方法
1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“’s”
Kangkang’s father Lucy’s book
2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ’”即可
Teachers’ office The Greens’ house
3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s”
* Children’ s Day * men’ s shoes
4.无生命名词的所有关系用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语
*the color of the wall
*a picture of the classroom
5.如果事物为 2人或2人以上共同所有，
在最后一个名词后加-’s; 珍妮和海伦的房间
Jenny and Helen’s room6.如果事物不是 2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在2个名词后都加-’s
珍妮的房间和海伦的房间Jenny’s and Helen’s rooms7. 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生
命的东西，也可以加 –’s 构成所有格 2小时路程
北京最好的公园
今日的报纸two hours’ walk=two-hour walkBeijing’s best parktoday’s newspaper at my uncle’s = at my uncle’s home
at a tailor’s = at a tailor’s shop9. 表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格
a silk hat cotton cloth
a coffee cup
8. 表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格
后面的名词
two months’ vacation a mile’s distance1 广东的省会
2 教室的门
3 我父亲的一个朋友
4 他的两个兄弟
5 爱迪生的一些发明
6 他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)
7 他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟)the capital of Guangdongthe doors of the classrooma friend of my father’stwo brothers of hissome inventions of Edison’s a picture of his brother’s a picture of his brother名词的所有格 Practice 1. June 1st is ____Day. All the Children enjoy it very much.
A. Children B. Childrens’
C. Children’s D. Child
2. The two bedroom are the ____.
A. twins B. twin’s C .twins’ D. twins
CC重难点突破3. Lucy is ____ sister.
A. Mary and Jack B. Mary’s and Jack’s
C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jack’s
D4. It’s ____from our school to my home.
ten minutes’ walk
ten minute’s walk
C. ten minute walk
D. ten minutes walkA★名词的用法
1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数
* There are three banana trees over there.
2. man woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致
*We need a man teacher.
*They are all women workers.
3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式
*a sports star *a clothes shop
重难点突破小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因
Our hospital needs two___doctors, Mrs. Li. You can ask your son to have a try.
A. women B. man
C.woman D. menD
1. The model plane was made by a ____ boy.
A. ten-years-old B. ten-year-older
C. ten-year-old D. ten-year old
重难点突破C2 Where is Tom?
---He has gone to the _____.
A. teacher B. teachers
C. teacher’s D. teachers’重难点突破D★名词所有格的几个注意点
可用名词所有格表示地点, 地点名词习惯上省略
* my aunt’s ( home） (我姑姑家）
* go to the teachers’ ( office）
(去老师办公室）
?特别记忆下列用to表示的所有格：
the key to the lock/door
the key/answer to the question
1 . Could you please get me some ________? I’m hungry.
A. apple B. water
C. bread D. egg
2. Something is wrong with my___. I can’t see anything around me.
A. nose B. ears C. eyes D. mouth
3. Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many ______ in it.
A. flowers B. grass C. villages D. waterCCA4. --- How far is your cousin’s home from here?
--- It’s about two ______ drive.
hour’s B. hours C. hours’ D. hour
5. Yao Ming did a good job in the basketball match yesterday. He is my favorite ______
A. worker B. teacher C. dancer D. playerCD6.All the ______ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th，because it was their own holiday.
A．man B. men C. woman D. women
7.Ten hours____(be) not eough for us to do it.
Dis考点四 常考名词词义辨析1work
job工作，多指体力或脑力的努力或活动 不可数名词工作零工，多指为换取报酬进行的日常活动可数名词我也喜欢花园，但我不喜欢艰苦的劳动。I like gardens too, but I don’t like hard work.她正在找工作。She is looking for a job.考点四 常考名词词义辨析2cook
cooker厨师厨具他是一个好厨师。He is a good cook.你的炊具是用燃气还是用电？Is your cooker gas or electric?考点四 常考名词词义辨析3problem question困难，客观上存在的待解决的问题，尤其是比较棘手的难题疑问，询问，主观上需要解答或解释的问题你能解出这道数学题吗？Can you work out the maths problem?他在课堂上问了很多问题。He asked a lot of questions in class.考点四 常考名词词义辨析4Sound voice noise自然界各种各样的声音人的嗓音噪音I hate the loud noise outside.Listen! Can you hear the sound of running water?Let’s say it in a loud voice.考点四 常考名词词义辨析5Road street way 具体的公路，马路 街道道路，途径There are many buildings on both sides of the street.He is driving fast along the road.Can you show me the way to the museum?考点四 常考名词词义辨析6home house family家，包括住处和家人房子，住宅家庭成员My ________ is very large.我的房子很大。I always go ______ on foot.我通常都是走路回家。My _______ is a happy one.我的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。homehousefamily考点四 常考名词词义辨析7amount number后接不可数名词后接可数名词一笔钱an amount of money大量的学生a number of students考点四 常考名词词义辨析8weather climate一天内具体的天气状况长期的气候状况今天天气怎么样？What’s the weather like today?这儿的气候不适合你的健康。The climate here is not good for your health.May all your wishes come true！
Thank you!