课件11张PPT。
UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
Section A Listening and Speaking
核心词汇
词汇一 dilemma n. 进退两难的境地；困境
◆教材原句
Talk about moral dilemmas 讨论道德困境
◆要点必记
moral dilemma 道德困境 in a dilemma 处于进退两难的境地
face a dilemma 面临进退两难的困境 get out of a dilemma 摆脱两难的处境
◆单句语法填空
单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］I am grateful that you help me get out of the dilemma I was .
单句写作
（2） Many moms （面临两难的处境）about whether they should
go back to work or not.
题组练·领悟方法face the dilemmain 词汇二 be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
◆教材原句
Jane is eager to share the magazine article with Luke. 简很想和卢克分享这篇杂志文章。
◆要点必记
be eager for sth. 渴求某事物
be eager in 热衷于
◆词语积累
eagerly adv. 急切地；渴望地；热心地
look at sb. eagerly 急切地看着某人
eagerness n. 渴望；热心
with eagerness 急切地单句写作 ◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］Faced with the good chance，they are eager （take）
advantage of it.
（2）［词汇复现］They were crowded in the church，eager any news.
（3）［词汇复现］She is eager （dress）up for the ceremony.
（4） His （eager）to find a job is clear to everyone.
（5） The children （eager）learn something new from the teacher every day.
（6） The little girl，who is helped by the Project Hope，is eager knowledge
and eager （make）progress，so she is eager her study and is
always praised by her teachers.
in to makefor eagerly eagernessto dressforto take词汇三 disagree with 不同意，与……有分歧；不一致；不适应
◆教材原句
If people strongly disagree with something，they might exaggerate their intonation. 如
果人们强烈反对某事，他们可能会夸大他们的语调。
◆要点必记
disagree with sb. on/about/over sth. 与某人在某方面有分歧
disagree with sb. （食物或天气）使某人身体不适
in disagreement with 与…… 不符合；与……不一致
agree with 同意；适应；一致
in agreement with 与……意见一致
◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］I disagree you on how to decorate the house.
（2）［词汇复现］I don’t like mashed potatoes，which disagree me.
（3） Higher-ups make the final decisions，even if others might （agree）.
◆单句写作
（4） Experts （意见不统一）how much the programme will cost.
（5）［词汇复现］To be frank，I （不同意）what you
said just now.withwith disagree disagree on/over/aboutdisagree with/don’t agree with词汇四 be faced with 面临；面对
◆教材原句
Think about what you would do if you were ever faced with the same situation as the girl.
想想如果你遇到和那个女孩一样的情况，你会怎么做。
◆要点必记
in the face of sth. 面对（问题、困难等） face to face 面对面地
lose face 丢脸，失面子 save face 保全面子
make faces/a face 做鬼脸 face the music 勇于承担后果；接受惩罚
face the sea 面朝大海 face north/east 朝北/ 朝东
look in the face 正视（某人） Let’s face it! 面对现实吧！
◆误区警示
be faced with 不表示被动意义，仅表示主语的一种状态。作状语、定语或补语时，要用过
去分词短语faced with。现在分词facing 作状语时，表示“面对，面临”，其后直接跟宾语，
不与介词with 连用。
◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］To his joy，the problem he was faced was not so challenging.
（2） （face）with these pressures，you can watch a comedy to relax.
（3）［词汇复现］ （face）a range of choices，he was at a loss.
（4） They didn’t give up the face of difficulties.
（5） Ever since then I’ve been longing to meet him face face.withFacedFacing in to ◆单句写作
（6） Talking with friends （面对面地）is a good way to reduce the
pressure from work and life.
（7） When （面对）the unexpected accident，he kept calm and saved
his son from the burning building.
（8）［词汇复现］Dressed up in his best clothes，the boy （做
鬼脸）at the customers.
◆一句多译
（9）［词汇复现］面对这一重大变化，大家都深受鼓舞。
the significant change，everyone felt greatly
encouraged.
In the face of/Faced with/Facing made a face/made faces faced with face to face 重点句式
句式一 抽象名词后的定语从句
◆教材原句
A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or more difficult choices to make. 道德困境
是指你必须做出两个或更多艰难选择的情况。
◆句式分析
本句是一个主从复合句，其中in which you have... 是定语从句，修饰先行词a situation。
◆要点必记
当先行词不是地点名词而是一些抽象名词，如situation, case, point, activity, position, job, work，
life 等时，如果定语从句缺少状语，则需用where 或in which 引导。
◆误区警示
上述单词后面的定语从句如果缺少主语则需用that 或which 引导；如果缺少宾语，则用that，
which 或者省略。
◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］They are struggling to reach a point anyone enjoy the freedom
of religion.
（2）［词汇复现］There are many activities during Rio Carnival he can march
along.
（3）［词汇复现］To be brief，I don’t want a job I am chained to a desk for 8
hours every day.
（4）［词汇复现］We use “dilemma” to describe a difficult situation you have
to choose between two or more outcomes.
◆句型转换
（5） He got into a situation where it is hard to make a decision.
→ He got into a situation it is hard to make a decision.
（6）［词汇复现］He was faced with a hard situation he was trying to find ways to get
out of.
→ He was faced with a hard situation he was trying to find ways to get out of.
where where where where in which that/which 课件37张PPT。
UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
Section B Reading and Thinking
核心词汇
词汇一 carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
◆教材原句
...what carried her through a life of hard choices. ……是什么支撑着她度过艰难抉择的一生。
◆要点必记
carry sth. through 成功完成，顺利实现 carry out 实施；履行；执行
carry on 继续移动 carry on sth. 从事某事
carry on doing sth. 继续做某事 carry on with sth. （carry sth. on）继续做某事
carry away 运走 carry off 赢得；获得；成功对付
carry weight 有影响力；重要；有分量
题组练·领悟方法◆单句语法填空
（1） His determination carried him the hard time.
（2）［词汇复现］I’d be grateful if you let me carry on my job.
（3）［词汇复现］Carry until you get to the crossing，and you will see a shop
where you can buy envelopes.
（4） If you carry on （spend）money like that，you will end up in debt.
（5）［词汇复现］In spite of the difficulty，I will carry my plan.
◆单句写作
（6） It’s a difficult job but she’s the person to （ 顺利完成）.throughwithonspendingoutcarry it through词汇二 majority n. 大部分；大多数
◆教材原句
At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls， she chose to study medicine.
18 岁时，她没有像大多数女孩一样走传统的婚姻之路，而是选择了学医。
◆要点必记
the majority of... 大多数…… in a/the majority 占大多数
◆误区警示
the majority 单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。
“the majority of + 复数名词”作主语时， 谓语动词用复数。
“the majority of + 不可数名词”作主语 时，谓语动词用单数。
◆词语积累
（ 1）major adj. 主要的，重要的，大的 n. 主修课程，专业；主修某科目的学生
vi. 主修
major in 主修
an English major 英语专业的学生
play a major role/part in sth. 在某事中起重要作用
（ 2）minor adj. 次要的 minority n. 少数 ◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］The （major）of the citizens in that region have been
affected by the dust.
（2）［词汇复现］Tom and I have something in common：we both major engineering.
（3） An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members
（be）against it.
◆写出句中major 的词性及含义
（4）［词汇复现］Briefly speaking，smoking is one of the major causes of cancer.
_________________
（5） He majored in history at Stanford. _________________
（6）［词汇复现］The major part of the town was ruined by the horrible earthquake.
_________________
（7） English is his major and he has no difficulty communicating with foreigners.
________________ majorityinare动词，主修形容词，主要的形容词，大的名词，专业through◆单句写作
（8）［词汇复现］One-third of the country is covered with grass and____________
（大多数）the citizens live in tents.
（9） In college I （主修）Natural Science. What was your major?
the majority ofmajored in 词汇三 complain vi. & vt. 抱怨；发牢骚
◆教材原句
“...Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees.
“……找一个好丈夫应该是她们的最终目标!” 想到高额的学费，她哥哥抱怨道。
◆要点必记
（ 1）complain about... 抱怨……
complain（to sb.）that... （向某人）抱怨……
complain to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨某事
（ 2）complaint n. 抱怨
make a complaint to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨某事
a flood of complaints 大量的投诉◆误区警示
complain 的后面不能直接跟sb. 作宾语，须先加介词to。类似的词还有explain，
announce 等。
◆学法点拨
v. +-t → n.
complain 抱怨→ complaint 抱怨
weigh 称重→ weight 重量
join 连接→ joint 接头◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］Mothers often complain their children wrestling on the bed.
（2） He will complain having to do so much paperwork.
（3） Why don’t you make a complain）against your noisy neighbors?
◆单句写作
（4）［词汇复现］She （向我抱怨说）no one could tell her the
feature of the house.
（5）We should think how to deal with the problems instead of _____________________
______（抱怨别人的错误）.
◆一句多译
（6） 他总是向我抱怨生活有压力。
He is always the stressful life.
He is always the stressful life.complaint about about to complained to me that complaining about others’ mistakescomplaining to me about making a complaint to me about 词汇四 respond（1）vt. 回答；回复 （2）vi. 做出反应；回应
◆教材原句
She responded，“I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”
她回答说：“我宁愿终生保持单身去学习!”
◆要点必记
respond to... （with sth.）回答，回复；对……作出反应
respond that... 回答说……
◆误区警示
respond 是不及物动词，跟宾语时要加介词to。
◆词语积累
response n. 反应；回答；回复
in response to 作为对……的答复/ 反应
make a response（to）（对……）做出回应/反应◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］After all，knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond
quickly emergencies.
（2） He made no （respond）to my question，and went on with his movie.
（3）［词汇复现］We complained to the travel agency about the terrible service during
our trip，but no one （respond）by now.
◆单句写作
（4） How did they （对……作出反应）the news?
（5）［词汇复现］He （没有回复）my
congratulation letter. to response has respondedrespond to made no response to/didn’t respond to词汇五 reject vt. 拒绝接受；不录用；冷落
◆教材原句
Dr Lin，however，rejected the offer. 然而，林医生拒绝了这个提议。
◆要点必记
（1）reject one’s idea/suggestion/plan 拒绝接受某人的想法/ 建议/ 计划
reject an argument/a decision/an offer 拒绝接受一个论点/ 一个决定/ 一项提议
（2）rejection n. 拒绝接受；否决
a rejection letter 一封回绝信
◆词语辨析
reject 与refuse
reject vt. 正式用词，“摒弃，不采用，不使用”。
refuse vi. & vt. 普通用词，“拒绝”。
refuse sb. sth. 拒绝某人某事
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
◆单句语法填空
（1） He （reject）by the army because of his poor eyesight last year.
（2）［词汇复现］Although writing a （reject）letter can be difficult，
there are situations where it’s absolutely necessary.
◆辨析填空（reject/refuse）
（3） He loves his daughter so much that he can her nothing.
（4） I’ve been by all the companies I applied to.
（5）［词汇复现］I absolutely to take part in anything that’s illegal.
（6） When she was sent to a boarding school，she felt by her parents.was rejected rejection refuse rejected refuse rejected 词汇六 appoint vt. 任命；委派
◆教材原句
In 1941，Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-
GYN department of the PUMC Hospital...1941 年，林医生成为第一位被 任命为北京协
和医院妇产科主任的中国女性……
◆要点必记
（1）appoint sb. to be... 任命某人担任…… appoint sb. as... 任命某人担任……
appoint a time 约定……的时间
（2）appointed adj. 约定的，指定的 at the appointed time 在约定的时间
（3）appointment n. 任命；约定
make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会 break/keep an appointment 爽约/ 守约
by appointment 按照约定 an appointment letter 任命书◆单句语法填空
（1） Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse____________
（appoint）to guard her.
（2） I hate to rush you，but I have another （appoint）.
（3）［词汇复现］To his joy，he （appoint）as manager. After all，
this represented his ability. And the moment he received the_____________
（ appoint）letter，he called and made an （appoint）with his former
teacher，for whose help he was grateful.
◆单句写作
（4） 在任何情况下我们都不能失约。
In no case should we fail to .
（5） 这位农业专家仅凭预约才能见到。
The agricultural expert can only be visited .appointedappointed was appointed appointmentappointment keep an appointment by appointment 词汇七 elect vt. （1）选举；推选 （2）选择，决定做某事
◆教材原句
In 1954，she was elected to the first National People’s Congress...1954 年，她被选举参加第一届全国人民代表大会……
◆要点必记
（1）elect sb. （as）... 选举某人为……
elect to do sth. 决定做某事
the newly elected president 新当选的总统
（2）election n. 选举；推选；当选 win an election 在选举中获胜
a round of election 一轮选举 hold an election 举行选举
election results 选举结果
◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］Congratulations! I heard you have been （elect）as chairman.
（2） An increasing number of people elect （work）at home.
（3）［词汇复现］The year 1789 saw the first （elect）in American history where a majority of people （elect）George Washington the first president.
◆单句写作
（4） Who do you think will （在下次选举中获胜）?
（5）［词汇复现］Faced with their failure in （第一轮选举）the party didn’t lose heart.electedto workelectionelectedaswin the next electionthe first round of the election词汇八 tend vt. 照顾；照料 vi. 倾向；趋于
◆教材原句
She was more interested in tending patients... 她对照顾病人……更感兴趣。
◆要点必记
tend（to）sb./sth. 照料/ 护理某人/ 照管某事物
tend to do sth. 易于做某事，往往会发生某事
tend to/towards 倾向于，趋于
◆词语积累
tendency n. 趋势；倾向
a tendency to do sth. 做某事的倾向◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］Typically，people tend （make）mistakes when tired.
（2）［词汇复现］The nurses were tending those injured by firecrackers.
（3） I have a tendency （talk）too much when nervous.
（4） The modern furniture designs tend simplicity.
◆单句写作
（5） People （往往需要）less sleep as they get older.to maketoto talktowardstend to need词汇九 retire vi. & vt. 退休；退职；退出
◆教材原句
Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died，22 April 1983.
林医生直到1983 年4 月22 日去世才退休。
◆要点必记
（1）retire...from 从……退休 retire...as 从……职位上退休
retire from office 退职 retire from service 退役
（2）retired adj. 退职的，退休的
a retired teacher 一位退休教师
（3）retirement n. 退职，退休
take early retirement 提前退休
◆单句语法填空
（1） He has agreed to struggle on，though he hopes to retire his position.
（2） They will hold a party in celebration of her （retire）.
（3） The other day a （retire）couple came to my office.
◆单句写作
（4） My father （从……退休）teaching 3 years ago.fromretirementretiredretired from词汇十 principle n. 道德原则；法则；原则
◆教材原句
What was the main principle guiding Dr Lin through the choices in her life?
指导林医生在她的一生中做出这些选择的主要原则是什么？
◆要点必记
stick to one’s principles 坚持原则
be against one’s principles 违背某人的原则
as a matter of principle 作为原则问题
in principle 原则上；大体上◆单句写作
（1） Anyway，I can’t cheat in the exams—it’s （ 违背我的原则）.
（2） （原则上），the new software should make the accounting system a lot simpler.
（3） Though poor，he still （坚持他的原则）.against my principles In principle sticks to his principles词汇十一 scared adj. 害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
◆教材原句
She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond
to the questions. 她在面试时吓得完全忘了该如何回答这些问题。
◆要点必记
be scared of doing sth. 害怕做某事 be scared of sth. 害怕某物
be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事 be scared that... 害怕……
◆词语积累
scare n. 惊吓 vt. 惊吓；使害怕 vi. 受惊吓
It scares sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人感到害怕。
scare...away/off 吓走/ 吓跑……
scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁/ 恐吓某人做某事
scare sb. to death 把某人吓得要死
scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的
a scary movie 恐怖电影◆单句语法填空
（1） When we are getting excited，angry or （scare），our bodies also go through many physical changes.
（2）［词汇复现］The turkey was scared at the sight of us.
（3）［词汇复现］I really thought I was going to fall—it was a （ scare）moment.
（4）［词汇复现］The atmosphere was and we felt staying in the room.（scare）
◆单句写作
（5） Many customers have been （被吓得买）organic food.
（6） The local farmers used to light a fire （ 吓跑）the wolves.
（7） She was （害怕进入）the yard because she was__________________ （害怕被咬）by the big dog lying at the gate.scaredaway/offscaryscaryscaredscared into buyingto scare away/offscared to go intoscared of being bitten
词汇十二 sharp（1）adj. （增长、下跌等）急剧的；锋利的；明显的；鲜明的；
敏锐的；（语言）尖刻的；剧烈的；急转的
（2）adv. （用于时间后表示准时）整
◆教材原句
Many Americans complain about the sharp increase in the cost of health care and health insurance
recently. 许多美国人抱怨最近医疗保健和医疗保险费用的急剧增加。
◆要点必记
sharp-eyed 目光敏锐的 a sharp tongue 说话刻薄
a sharp sense of humour 很强的幽默感 a sharp increase 急剧增加
be sharp with 对……说话刻薄 a sharp bend/turn 急转弯
◆词语积累
sharply adv. 急剧地，大幅度地；严厉地，毫不客气地
fall sharply 急剧下降
sharpen vt. （使）变得锋利◆写出下列句中sharp 的含义
（1）［词汇复现］Unfortunately，I cut my foot on a sharp stone and caught my hair on a branch.
___________
（2）［词汇复现］As we all know，an eagle has sharp eyesight. ___________
（3）［词汇复现］When we got to the church it was seven o’clock sharp. ___________
（4） All the footmarks are quite sharp and clear. ___________
（5） Suddenly，he felt a sharp pain in the stomach. ___________
（6）［词汇复现］He fainted when riding to work. The bike made a sharp turn to the left.
___________
◆单句语法填空
（7） The price of petrol has risen （sharp）since last month.
（8）［词汇复现］The pencil doesn’t write well；I should （sharp）it before I draw the great figure.
（9）［词汇复现］He was sharp his colleagues when they werelate.尖的敏锐的整清晰的剧烈的急转的sharplysharpenwith词汇十三 energetic adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的
◆教材原句
One of the advantages of hiring energetic and positive young people is that they tend to show interest
in their work and they are eager to learn . 雇用精力充沛、积极向上的年轻人的好处之一是，他
们往往对自己的工作表现出兴趣，并且渴望学习。
◆要点必记
be energetic in doing 积极地做 an energetic boy 一个精力充沛的男孩
◆词语积累
energy n. 活力，精力；能源，能量 be full of energy 精力充沛
have the energy to do sth. 有精力做某事 apply/devote one’s energies to... 把某人的精力花……上
◆词语辨析 strength，force，energy 与 power
易混词辨析
strength 体力；强度；强项
force 武力，暴力；部队
energy 精力，活力；能量
power 权力；能力；动力◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］The teenagers have many virtues，who are lively and （energy）.
（2） He works so hard that he doesn’t have the energy （exercise）.
◆单句写作
（3） You are always （精力充沛的）. Can you tell me the secret?
（4） Do you wake up every morning （感到精力充沛）and ready to start a new day?
◆辨析填空（strength/force/energy/power）
（5） The army officer，full of and great ，finally took by .
（这位军官精力充沛，力气巨大，终于以武力夺取了政权。）
（6）［词汇复现］I hold the belief that knowledge is .
（7）［词汇复现］The peace-keeping marched into the country.
（8）［词汇复现］Among the staff，he has no match in .
（9） Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas，wind and other forms of .energeticto exercisefull of energyfeeling energeticenergystrengthforcepowerforcestrengthenergypower词汇十四 replace vt. 接替；取代；更换
◆教材原句
The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary.
学生会将在1 月份举行一次特别会议，选举一个人来代替秘书。
◆要点必记
replace A with B 用 B 代替 A
replacement n. 替换；更换；接替者
a replacement for ……的替代品/ 替补
◆归纳拓展
“代替”的表达法：
replace，in place of，take the place of，in one’s place，take one’s place，instead of◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］He replaced the pudding mashed potatoes.
（2） It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should （replace）with a modern hotel or not.
（3） If your passport is stolen，you should apply for a （replace） immediately.
◆同义句转换
（4） There is something wrong with my bike，so I decide to replace it with a new one.
→ There is something wrong with my bike，so I decide to use a new one___________it. withbe replacedreplacementin place of 重点句式
句式一 “否定词+ 比较级”表示最高级含义
◆教材原句
To a person nothing is more precious than their life... 对一个人来说，没有什么比生命更珍贵了……
◆句式分析
“ 否定词 + 比较级”，即形容词的比较级用于否定结构中，可以表示最高级含义。
◆学法点拨
其他表示最高级的句型：
the + 最高级 + 比较范围 =...than any other + 单数名词 =...than all the others
not so...as 和can’t too...to/can never
too...to 也可以表示最高级。◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］I’m really grateful for your help；nobody else could do （much）.
（2）［词汇复现］Nobody loves money better he does；he takes advantage of every chance to make money.
（3） No one is so blind those who won’t see.
（4） You can not be careful when crossing the street.
◆同义句转换
（5） He is the most helpful student in his class.
→ You can’t find student in his class.
→ He is more helpful than student in his class.
→ He is more helpful than students in his class.morethanastooa more helpfulany otherall the other句式二 would rather 宁愿
◆教材原句
She responded，“I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”
她回答说，“我宁愿终生保持单身去学习！”
◆句式分析 “ would rather + 动词原形 /have done” 表示“宁愿做某事/ 宁愿做过某事”。
◆要点必记
would rather do... than do...宁愿做……而不愿做……
= would do... rather than do...
= prefer to do... rather than do...
would rather（not）do/have done...宁愿（不）做……
would rather+ 从句
◆误区警示
would rather 后接从句时，若表示与现在或将来情况相反，从句用一般过去时；若表示与过去
情况相反，从句用过去完成时。
◆单句语法填空
（1） She would rather （move）to another city immediately.
（2） Jane would rather （be）more careful at that time.
（3） I’d rather you （meet）her at the airport tomorrow morning.
（4）［词汇复现］He complained that he’d rather he （be）more strict with us then.
（5） Tom would rather live an independent life rely on his parents.
◆单句写作
（6） I would walk the dog after supper （而不是）at home.
（7） （而不是）take a bus to school，I prefer to go on foot.
◆同义句转换
（8） I’d rather have a try than wait doing nothing.
→ I have a try rather than wait doing nothing.
（9） I would rather have hired him as my secretary last year.
→ I would rather I him as my secretary last year.movehave beenmethad beenthanrather thanRather thanwouldhad hired句式三 see sb. doing 看到某人正在做
◆教材原句
At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴去遥远的村庄提供医疗服务。
◆句式分析
本句是“see+ 宾语+ 现在分词”结构，表示宾语正在做某事，其中宾语与分词之间是主动关系。
◆要点必记
see 的复合结构：
see sb. do（看到动作全过程或动作经常发生，在被动句中用be seen to do）
see sb. doing（看到动作正在进行）
see sb. done（看到某人被……，表示动作完成或一种状态）
◆学法点拨
除see 外，感官动词hear，notice，watch，observe 等也有以上用法。◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］I looked up and saw a beautiful bird （stand）on a branch.
（2）［词汇复现］The manager was satisfied to see many pots of good quality________
（make）after great effort.
（3）［词汇复现］His colleague was seen （enter）the building at that moment.
（4） I saw the old man （disappear）in the distance.
（5） The old man was seen （disappear）in the distance.
（6） The children noticed the thief （take）away by a group of policemen.
◆单句写作
（7）［词汇复现］ （看见太阳升起）above the surface of the sea，we let out a shout of joy.
（8） When he （看见所有的文件散落）here and there on the floor，he began to get angry.standingmadeenteringdisappearto disappeartakenSeeing the sun risingsaw all his papers lying课件23张PPT。
UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
Section C Discovering Useful Structures
核心词汇
词汇一 operation n. 手术；企业；经营
◆教材原句
During the operation，she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying about him.
手术期间，她在候诊室里坐了一个多小时，为他担心。
◆要点必记
perform an operation（on sb.）（给某人）做手术 in operation 工作中；有效
put sth. into operation 实施 a rescue operation 营救行动
safe operation 安全操作
◆词语积累
operate vi. 运转；动手术 vt. 操作
operate on... 给……做手术
operator n. 操作员，经营者
operating adj. 操作的，外科手术的
◆误区警示
operate 表示“做手术”时是不及物动词，后面接on，然后接人或者身体的部位；表示“操作”时是及物动词，直接跟宾语。
题组练·领悟方法◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］The nurse tended the boy so carefully that he recovered from his heart
（operate）soon.
（2） The operation the old man will be carried out on schedule.
（3）［词汇复现］Mr. Smith is the appointed doctor who will operate the patient.
（4）［词汇复现］To our great joy, the new machine is really easy （ operate）.
（5）［词汇复现］With the help of his teammate，the （operate）responded
immediately to the event.
◆单句写作
（6） The doctor decided to （给病人做手术）at
once.operationonon to operateoperatorperform an operation on the patient词汇二 whisper（1）vi. & vt. 悄声说；耳语；低语
（2）n. 耳语（声）；低语（声）；传言；谣传
◆教材原句
I saw her whispering something into his ear，obviously not wanting to be heard.
我看见她对他耳语了几句，显然不想被其他人听见。
◆要点必记
whisper sth. to sb. 把某事悄悄告诉某人
whisper sth. in one’s ear 在某人耳旁小声说某事
It is whispered that... 有人私下说……
in a whisper =in a low voice 低声地
whisper mode 省电模式◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］In the wedding ceremony，Jack whispered her so that no one
else would hear.
（2） It （whisper）that he shouldn’t serve as an experiment volunteer
although he is eager to learn science.
◆单句写作
（3）［词汇复现］She told me （低声地）the news that she would set off
for Australia.
（4）［2019·北京卷］Nervously facing challenges，I know I will _____________
（向……低语）myself the two simple words“Be yourself ”. tois whisperedin a whisper whisper to词汇三 assist vt. 帮助；援助
◆教材原句
...Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.
……白求恩大夫尽其所能帮助中国人民。
◆要点必记
assist sb. in/with sth. 帮助/ 援助某人某事
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
◆词语积累
assistant n. 助手，助理
assistance n. 帮助，援助，支持
come to one’s assistance 前来援助◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］We will assist the retired staff in （find）somewhere to live.
（2）［词汇复现］There are few shop （assistant）and they tend to have their
days off by turns.
（3）［词汇复现］In spite of his cries，no one came to his （assist）.
（4）［词汇复现］He felt faint and could only walk with the （assist）of a
stick.
（5） I applied to my boss for an （assist），for it was more than I could do
myself.
assistance assistance assistants finding assistant 词汇四 pass away 去世
◆教材原句
Sadly，Dr Bethune passed away in November the following year and was buried in
Shijiazhuang. 不幸的是，白求恩大夫第二年11 月去世，葬在石家庄。
◆要点必记
pass by 经过 pass...on to 把……传递给
pass down 流传，世代相传 pass through 通过，穿过
pass off as 装作，假装 pass the driving test 通过驾照考试
pass the time 消磨时间 pass sth. to sb. 把某物传给某人
◆归纳拓展
“ 死”的委婉表达法：pass away，sleep the final sleep，breathe one’s last。◆单句语法填空
（1）We were passing ，so we thought we’d come and say hello.
（2） Alice was very sorry to hear her grandmother had passed two days before.
（3）［词汇复现］Valuable things that were passed have something in common.
（4）［词汇复现］On such an occasion，the torch will be passed from one person _____
to another.
◆单句写作
（5）［词汇复现］They all waved merrily as they （经过）.
（6）［词汇复现］She said she’d the message （ 把……传给……）my
colleagues.by away downon passed bypassed on to词汇五 memory n. 记忆力；回忆
◆教材原句
After Dr Bethune’s death，Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him...
白求恩大夫去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章来纪念他……
◆要点必记
in memory of 作为对……的纪念 have a good/bad memory（for）记忆力好?差
from memory 凭记忆 memory loss 失忆
painful/sweet memories 痛苦/ 甜蜜的回忆
◆词语积累
“in+n.+of”结构：
in honour of 为了纪念……；为了表示敬意 in case of 防备
in celebration of 庆祝 in charge of 负责，管理
in defense of 保卫 in favour of 赞成，主张
in need of 需要 in search of 寻找
in support of 支持 in praise of 赞扬◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］She has an excellent memory names，which helps her a lot in her
commercial work.
（2） She can recite（背诵）the whole poem memory.
（3） Huang Jiaju made up a song Glorious Days in memory Nelson Mandela.
◆单句写作
（4） The library was built （为了纪念）those who carried our country through the hardship.
（5）［词汇复现］The stadium was named （ 为了向……表示敬意）the club’s first chairman.
（6）Most of us were （支持）Tom’s suggestion and entrusted him to make a plan.
（7）Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students _________（需要）financial aid.
（8）［词汇复现］Having bitten in the leg，he had to go to the mountain____________（找药）.
（9）［词汇复现］I wrote a poem （赞扬）these significant changes.
for from of in memory of in honour of in favor of in need of in search of in praise of 重点句式
句式一 have sth. done 让某事被做
◆教材原句
Returning from the North Pole，the traveller wrote a book about his experience and had it published the
following year. 从北极回来后，这名旅行者写了一本关于他的经历的书，并在第二年出版。
◆句式分析
句中的have sth. done 是过去分词作宾补，表示宾语和动词之间是被动关系，表示“让某事被做”。
◆要点必记
·have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事（宾语与宾补之间为主动关系）
·have sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
·have sth. done 使某事被做或宾语遭遇、经历过（不好的事）（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）
·have sth. to do 有某事要做（动词不定式作后置定语）◆单句语法填空
（1） Before driving into the city，you are required to have your car （ wash）.
（2）［2017·天津卷］I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train
________（catch）.
（3） The waitress had the water （run）even when she didn’t use it.
（4）［词汇复现］When passing by the house，he had his leg （bite）by a big dog.
◆单句写作
（5） She told me she （找人把她的房子粉刷了）.
（6） You’d better （找人把这些旧桌椅搬出）
our classroom.washedto catchrunningbittenhad her house painted have the old desks and chairs moved out of句式二 whatever 引导宾语从句
◆教材原句
Despite the difficult situation，Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.
尽管情况困难，但白求恩大夫还是尽其所能帮助中国人民。
◆句式分析
despite the difficult situation 是介词短语作状语,whatever he could 是whatever引导的宾语从句。
◆要点必记
（ 1）whatever 可以引导名词性从句，即宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句等。
在句中充当宾语、表语、主语和同位语，相当于anything that。
（ 2）whatever还可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。
◆学法点拨
whichever, whoever, whomever, however, whenever, wherever 等既可以引导名词性从句, 又可
以引导让步状语从句。◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］ happens in the future，the sweet memories will never fade away.
（2）［词汇复现］We will do we can to add some new features to this running machine.
（3）［词汇复现］In order not to waste our precious time，we’ll eat at restaurant
has a free table.
（4） While staying in the village，James unselfishly shared he had with the villagers
without asking for anything in return.
◆单句写作
（5）［2018·天津卷］The gold medal will be awarded to （获得
第一名的人）.
（6）［词汇复现］The poor young man can’t not afford tuition fees and he is ready to accept
（ 能得到的任何帮助）.Whatever whateverwhicheverwhateverwhoever wins the first placewhatever help he can get 单元语法
现在分词作宾语补足语和状语
◆用法归纳
现在分词作宾补，表示宾语与作宾补的动词之间是主动关系。
1. 动词的宾语补足语
（ 1）位于感官动词后：如 see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，listen to，look at，notice，observe 等。
（ 2）位于其他动词后：如 set，keep，have，get，leave，catch 等。
注意：现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行；而用动词原形作宾补，则表示动作的全过程。
2. with 复合结构
在with 复合结构中，如果宾语发出动作，且表示动作持续或进行，则用现在分词作宾补。
注意：在with 复合结构中，动词不定式作宾补虽然也表示宾语发出动作，但是表示动作将要发生。◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］When I was on my way to school this morning，I saw two women_______
（sell）lanterns.
（2）［词汇复现］The operator left hurriedly with the machine （ run）.
（3）［词汇复现］On the bank of the river，we found him （put）on a tent，with a
dog （lie）on the grass.
（4）［词汇复现］Peter，a colleague of mine，was standing on the bridge and watching boats
_________（pass）by.
（5） They use computers to keep the traffic （run）smoothly.
（6） After a knock at the door , the child heard his mother’s voice （ call）him.
（7）［词汇复现］With the pianist （perform）music on the stage，the atmosphere
is quite romantic.
（8） A cook will be immediately fired if he is found （smoke）in the kitchen.
（9）［词汇复现］When I came in，I saw Linda （whisper）to Danny.sellingrunningputtinglyingpassingrunningcallingperformingsmokingwhispering要点二 现在分词作状语
◆用法归纳
1. 现在分词的一般式与完成式现在分词的一般式（doing）作状语表示动作与谓语动词的动
作同时发生；现在分词的完成式（having done）作状语表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
2. 现在分词的主动式（doing/having done）作状语时，表示逻辑主语和其之间是主动关系；
现在分词的被动式（being done/having been done）作状语时，表示逻辑主语和其之间是被
动关系。
注意：现在分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。
3. 现在分词作状语的功能
现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随等，相当于状语从
句。
（1）时间状语
表示时间，位于句子前半部分，可与when，while 引导的时间状语从句相互转换；有时分
词前加when或while 以示强调。（2）原因状语
表示原因，位于句子前半部分，可与as，since，because 引导的原因状语从句相互转换。
（3）条件状语
表示条件，位于句子前半部分，可与if，unless 等引导的条件状语从句相互转换。
（4）让步状语
作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句，有时现在分词（短语）前可带有连词although，even if，even
though 等。
（ 5）结果状语
现在分词作结果状语时表示必然的结果，通常放在句末。有时为了突出结果，现在分词前可加thus，
相当于so 或so that 引导的结果状语从句。
注意：不定式作结果状语时，常与only，never 连用，表示一种出乎意料的结果。
（ 6）方式或伴随状语
动词-ing 作方式或伴随状语时，谓语动词表示动作发生的方式、背景或情况。此时分词的动作和谓语
动词的动作同时发生。现在分词或分词短语作伴随状语时可以转换成并列成分。（7）评论性状语
有些现在分词（短语）没有逻辑主语而独立存在，往往位于句首用来修饰全句，表明说话
者的态度、 观点等。如：
judging from/by 由……判断 considering... 考虑到……
supposing/providing/assuming... 如果/ 假设…… generally/strictly/honestly/roughly/frankly
speaking 一般/ 严格/ 诚实/ 大致/ 坦率说来
（8）现在分词构成的独立主格结构
有时现在分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构通
常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，有时还可以表示时间、原因、条件或解释整个句子。
There being no bus，we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］There are many goods， （range）from food and drink to some electronic
products.
（2） You have to prepare the next question （depend）on what the person says.
（3）［词汇复现］ （walk） in the street with his dog following him，he felt really free
and pleased.
（4） （finish） his work，he went out into the garden to have a walk.
（5） He lifted the stone only （drop）it on his own feet.
（6）［词汇复现］ （elect）as captain，Tom was greatly encouraged.
（7） （try）many times，he still couldn’t overcome the difficulties.
（8） （eat）at the cafeteria before，Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
（9） Unless （see）the changes with your own eyes，you will never believe their
greatness.
（10）［词汇复现］His car broke down on the way，thus （cause）him to be late for the election. rangingdependingWalklingHaving finishedto dropHaving been electedHaving triedHaving eaten
seeingcausing（11）［词汇复现］ （spend）nearly all his money，the former wrestler couldn’t
afford a meal.
（12） （consider）his age，little Tom is doing a really good job.
（13）Pressed from his parents，and （realise）that he has wasted too much time，the
boy is determined to stop playing video games.
（14）［词汇复现］When （illustrate）a book，you put pictures，photographs or
diagrams into it.
（15） （go）straight down the road，you will find the canteen.
（16）There is no greater pleasure than lying on the grassland， （stare）at the night sky.
（17）［词汇复现］Tom slowly walked away， （complain）about the cold weather.
（18）It （be）Sunday，many people go to the gymnasium to workout.
Having spentConsidering
realisingillustratingGoingstaringcomplaining
being◆单句写作
（19） （说实话），all of his savings are given to children in a faraway village.
（20）Hanging his head, the boy stood by the door, （不敢说一句话）.
（21）［词汇复现］ （天气允许的话）, I will make a trip to Inner Mongolia.
（22） （从外表判断），it is very peaceful，but in fact，a war will
break out soon.
（23）Group activities were organised after class， （增强
孩子们的团队精神）.
（24）The actor intended to leave quickly， （却被他的粉丝
包围了）.
（25）Newly-built wooden cottages line the street， _____
（把这座古城变成了梦境）.
◆同义句转换
（26）After we have made full preparations，we are ready for the examination.
→ full preparations，we are ready for the examination.
（27）If you go straight down the road，you will find the department store.
→ down the road，you will find the department store.
Honestly speakingnot daring to say a wordWeather permittingJudging from appearancebuilding up children’s team spiritonly to be surrounded by his fansturning the old town into a dreamlandHaving madeGoing straight课件29张PPT。
UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
Section D Listening and Talking，
Reading for Writing &
Assessing Your Progress
核心词汇
词汇一 disguise （1）vt. 装扮；假扮；掩盖 （2）n. 伪装；化装用具
◆教材原句
Early one morning，the king disguised himself and went to a local village.
一天清晨，国王乔装打扮去了当地的一个村庄。
◆要点必记
in disguise 伪装；乔装
disguise sb. as 把某人伪装成
a blessing in disguise 塞翁失马
in the disguise of 伪装，假扮成；托辞；以……为借口
题组练·领悟方法◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］The respected prince was really a beggar disguise.
（2） He disguised himself a woman for fun.
（3） He went about the disguise of a sailor.
◆单句写作
（4） Nobody knows me in that motorbike. I’m （乔装打扮）.
（5） Ali Baba did not recognise the robber （假扮成）an oil
merchant.inasinin disguise in the disguise of词汇二 pick oneself up（跌倒后）站起来
◆教材原句
He picked himself up and angrily went away. 他站起来，生气地走开了。
◆要点必记
pick up 好转，增强；继续，重新开始
pick sth./sb. up 接人，取物；捡起；无意中学会；感染；得到；接收（信号等）
pick up a coin 捡起一枚硬币
pick up the phone 接起电话
pick up sb. 开车接某人
pick up French 习得法语
pick up bad habits 染上坏习惯
pick up a signal 接收信号
pick up speed 加速
◆归纳拓展
pick out 精心挑选；辨认出◆写出下列句中pick up 的含义
（1） He drove to the airport to pick up his daughter Jane. _____________
（2） When bending to pick up the book on the floor，his back hurt. _____________
（3） It’s surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly. _____________
（4）［词汇复现］Much to our joy，we can pick up the BBC World Service at home.
_____________
（5）［词汇复现］Not long after the operation，Jim picked up soon. _____________
（6）［词汇复现］Though tripping over a box，he quickly picked himself up and went on
running. _____________
开车去接捡起，拾起学会好转接收 （跌倒后）站起来 词汇三 trip over 被……绊倒
◆教材原句
One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground.
一位妇女被石头绊倒了，她的水壶哗啦一声掉在地上。
◆要点必记
trip vi. 绊倒，跌倒；作短途旅行 n. （尤指短程往返的）旅行
trip sb. up 将某人绊倒
on a trip 在旅途中
business trip 公务旅行，出差；商务旅行
round/return trip 往返旅行/ 回程
take/make/go on a trip 旅游；去旅行◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］Move this box elsewhere or someone might trip _____it.
（2） When I passed，he stuck out a leg and tried to trip me .
（3） She （trip）and fell，breaking her glasses.
（4）［词汇复现］In the past decade，we’ve made several trips Dali.
◆单句写作
（5） If you leave your shoes lying around like that，______________________
（你会被它们绊倒的）.up over trippedtoyou’ll trip over them词汇四 in tears 流着泪；含着泪
◆教材原句
She picked herself up and limped away in tears. 她站起来，一瘸一拐地哭着走了。
◆要点必记
burst into tears 突然大哭起来 fight back tears 忍住眼泪
tears of joy 欢乐的泪水 be bathed in tears 泪流满面
be moved to tears 感动得流泪 hold back one’s tears 忍住泪水
be close to tears 快流泪了
◆词语积累
tear v.（ tore，torn）撕破；撕掉，拔掉
tear apart 撕毁；撕碎 tear down 拆除，拆掉
tear up 撕毁，撕碎（文件等） tear at 撕扯；撕裂
tear oneself away from 依依不舍地离开◆单句语法填空
（1） The boy stood there，looking at his mother tears.
（2） It was such a sad film that we were moved tears.
（3）［词汇复现］He burst tears when he knew that his colleague suffered a lot.
（4）［词汇复现］Hearing that the operation was a success，tears joy streamed down her
face.
◆单句写作
（5） She couldn’t （忍住眼泪）when she heard the news.
（6） He was enjoying the fun and couldn’t （使自己依依不舍地离开）.
（7） A lot of the old tower blocks have been （拆毁）to make way for new housing.
in tointoof hold back her tearstear himself away fromtorn down
词汇五 in despair 处于绝望中
◆教材原句
The king was in despair，“Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their
neighbours from harm?”
国王绝望了，“难道这个村子里没有人觉得有责任保护他们的邻居不受伤害吗?”
◆要点必记
despair n. 绝望 vi. 绝望；感到无望
be the despair of sb. 令某人担心/ 绝望
be driven to despair 被逼得走投无路
a sense of despair 绝望感
◆词语积累
despairing adj. 感到绝望的
a despairing cry/look 一种绝望的呼声/ 神情◆单句语法填空
（1） He gave up the struggle despair.
（2） My handwriting was the despair my teachers.
（3）With every day that passed he became even more （despair）.
◆单句写作
（4） （一种深深的绝望感）flooded him.
（5） （从他绝望的神情判断），he must have been
rejected.
（6） （不要绝望）! We will think of a way out of this.in of despairing A deep sense of despairJudging from his despairing look Don’t despair 词汇六 harm n. & vt. 伤害；损害
◆要点必记
be of great harm 危害极大的
do harm to sb./sth.（=do sb./sth. harm）对某人/ 某物有害
mean no harm 没有恶意
There is no harm in（one’s）doing sth.=There is no harm（for sb.）to do sth.
（某人）做某事无妨/ 无害。
◆词语积累
harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的
be harmful to 对……有害 be harmless to 对……无害
◆词语辨析 injure，hurt，wound 与 harm
·injure 指在事故或打斗中受伤。
·hurt 指肉体伤害或感情伤害。
·wound 指用刀、枪等武器伤害。
·harm 指伤害人的健康、权利、事业等。◆单句语法填空
（1） Try to choose products that do the least harm the environment.
（2） Staying up too often will be great harm to people’s health.
（3） As a matter of fact，in and of itself，the Internet is （harm）.
（4） Most children are fond of sweets but they may be （harm）to their teeth.
◆单句写作
（5）［词汇复现］The boy apologised in tears，saying that he （没有恶意）.
（6） He may disagree，but （……无害）asking.
◆辨析填空（injure/hurt/wound/harm）
（7） Reading in the sun will your eyes.
（8）［词汇复现］Five people were killed and a majority were seriously in the attack.
（9） Luckily she was not badly in the accident and we took her to the nearest hospital.
（10）He ignored her on purpose，which her feelings.toof harmless harmfulmeant no harm there is no harm inharmwoundedinjuredhurt词汇七 a great deal（of）大量
◆教材原句
After a great deal of effort，she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.
经过很大的努力，她终于成功地把它搬到了街道的一边。
◆要点必记
a great deal of + n.［ U］大量的
a great deal 大量，非常（可以单独使用，也可以修饰形容词、副词的比较级）
◆归纳拓展
表示“许多”的词（组）
· 修饰可数名词：many，many a，several，a couple of，（a）few，a great/good many，a
good/great/large number of
· 修饰不可数名词：much，（a）little，a large amount of，amounts of（谓语用复数）
· 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词：a lot of，lots of，a quantity of，quantities of
（谓语用复数），plenty of◆单句语法填空
（1） A great deal of attention （be）being paid today to children’s education.
（2）［词汇复现］Typically，fishing is a hobby which calls for a great deal of _________
（patient）.
（3） It takes a great deal bravery to stand up to your enemies，but a great deal_________
（much） to stand up to your colleagues.
◆辨析填空（a number of/a great deal of）
（4） work has been done to improve our living environment.
（5）［词汇复现］ students have been sent to help harvest rice on the farm.ispatienceofmoreA great deal ofA number of
词汇八 belong to 属于
◆教材原句
“ Oh sir,” the girl said，“does this gold belong to you?...”
“哦，先生，”女孩说，“这些金币是你的吗？……”
◆要点必记
（1）belong to sb. 属于某人，归某人所有
belong to a club 是俱乐部的成员
（2）belongings n. （pl.）所有物；财产，财物
a sense of belonging 归属感
personal belongings（pl.）个人财物，私人用品
◆误区警示
· belong to 既无被动语态，也不用于进行时态。但可用现在分词作后置定语。
· to 是介词，后面跟名词或人称代词宾格作宾语而不能跟名词所有格或者物主代词。◆单句语法填空
（1） I really don’t know whom this computer belongs.
（2）［词汇复现］The car belonging to （he）was seriously broken in a traffic
accident.
（3） The house （belong）to me stands in the centre of the city.
（4） I just escaped from the flood and all my belongings （sweep）away.
◆单句写作
（5） Living abroad，he doesn’t have （归属感）.
（6）［词汇复现］Do you think these boxes of medicine （ 属于）that clinic?to himbelongingwere swepta sense of belongingbelong to词汇九 income n. 收入；收益
◆教材原句
According to a recent survey，the staff of doctors believed their incomes did not match how hard
they worked. 根据最近的一项调查，医生们认为他们的收入与工作的努力程度不相称。
◆要点必记
a high/large income 高收入 a low/small income 低收入
the average income 平均收入 have an income of 有……的收入
a source of income 收入来源
◆词语辨析 income，pay，salary 与 wage
·income 指收入、收益、所得。
·pay 指工资、薪水。
·salary 通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金。
·wage 通常指按周领取的工资、工钱。◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］The physician （ 收入很高）.
（2） We （有……的收入）over ＄100，000 a year.
（3） （平均收入）has risen by 45% over the past year.
（4） （低收入者）find it difficult to pay their fuel bills.
◆辨析填空（income/pay/salary/wage）
（5） Teachers will be awarded a 6% increase this year.
（6） For most people， are the main source of .has a high/large incomehave an income ofThe average incomePeople on low incomespay/salarywagesincome词汇十 lie in 在于
◆教材原句
If you see no reason for giving thanks，the fault lies in yourself.
如果你找不到感恩的理由，那是你自己的错。
◆要点必记
lie in bed 躺在床上 lie in 睡懒觉（=sleep in）
lie in ruins 成为废墟 lie in wait for（sb.）埋伏以待（某人）
◆词语辨析
·lie v. （lay，lain，lying）躺；位于
lie on one’s stomach 趴着
lie on one’s back 仰面躺着
lie down 躺下
·lie v. & n. （lied，lied，lying）撒谎
tell a lie 撒谎
a white lie 一个善意的谎言
·lay vt. （laid，laid，laying）放置；产卵，下蛋
lay down 放下；停止使用◆单句语法填空
（1） At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River （lie）
Chongqing，one of the ten largest cities in China.
（2）［词汇复现］With the baby （lie）on her laps，she was reading her a story.
（3）［词汇复现］With the young man assisting her，she （lay）down the heavy
box on the table.
（4）［词汇复现］In despair，he （lie）down，tears filling his eyes.
（5）［词汇复现］He （lie）to me that he tripped over a rock and had his legs broken.
◆单句写作
（6） His progress in study （在于）the good use he made of his spare time.
（7） It goes without saying that failure often （ 在于懒惰）while hard work
leads to success.
（8）［词汇复现］The physician asked him to （趴下）.
lies lying laid lay lied lies in lies in laziness lie on his stomach 词汇十一 concentrate on 集中精力于；全神贯注于
◆教材原句
If you concentrate on what you don’t have，you will never，ever have enough.
如果你专注于你所没有的，你将永远不会满足。
◆要点必记
concentrate...on... 集中……于……，把注意力集中于……
concentrate one’s efforts/attention on...集中精力/ 注意力于……
◆归纳拓展
类似表示“专心于，致力于”的短语还有：
be lost in 埋头于
be buried in 埋头于
devote oneself to 致力于（=be devoted to）
be absorbed in 全神贯注于
focus（one’s attention）on 集中（注意力）于
fix one’s attention on 集中注意力于◆单句语法填空
（1） I’m concentrating my efforts preparing for tomorrow’s interview.
（2） I decided to concentrate my efforts on （find）a good job.
◆单句写作
（3） All these worries made it impossible for her to （集中精力于）her
work.
（4）With all the noise going on in the café，I can’t _________________________________
（集中我的注意力于）my writing.
◆一句多译: 她试图集中精神工作。
（5） She tries to .（concentrate）
（6） She tries to .（focus）
（7） She tries to .（devote）
on finding concentrate/focus on concentrate/focus my attention onconcentrate on her work focus on her work devote herself to her work 重点句式
句式一 独立主格结构
◆教材原句
After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing a pot of water on her head.
过了一会儿，来了一群妇女，每人头上顶着一壶水。
◆句式分析
句中的each balancing a pot of water on her head 是“代词+ v. -ing”构成的独立主格。其中each 是逻辑
主语，即动作的发出者。
◆要点必记
·独立主格的构成：名词/ 代词+ 现在分词/ 过去分词/ 不定式/ 形容词/ 副词/介词短语。
·作用：在句中充当时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状语。
·特点：逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，一般用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。
·“there + being”结构
这种结构多放在句首，常表示原因，其中being 不可省略。
◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］Time （permit），I’ll assist you cleaning the kitchen.
（2）［词汇复现］It （be）hot，many people sit in the shade of the maple.
（3）［词汇复现］There （be）no truck，we had to use carts.
（4） Lots of work （do），I have no time to dance.
（5）［词汇复现］Tom （appoint）as captain，we went to congratulate him.
（6）［词汇复现］Nobody （feel）satisfied with the new table，it was replaced soon.
◆单句写作
（7） He came into the room， （他的鼻子冻得通红）.
（8）A ceremony was held in memory of the hero，___________________________________
（每人戴着一朵白花）.permittingbeingbeingto doappointedfeelinghis nose red with coldeach person wearing a white flower句式二 neither... nor 既不……也不
◆教材原句
Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
她和她的朋友们都没想过把石头从道路上移开。
◆句式分析
neither A nor B 在句中连接并列主语，表示“两者都不”。
◆要点必记
（ 1）neither...nor... 是并列连词，可以连接并列成分，当连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循
“就近原则”。
（ 2）neither...nor... 也可以连接句子，但需用部分倒装语序。
◆学法点拨
类似“就近一致”的结构还有：
either... or...；not only... but also...；not...but...；there be...◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］Neither he nor I （have）ever been to this chain store before.
（2） Neither the students nor the teacher （know）the reason why she is behaving so
strangely.
（3） Not only Lucy but also her friends （be）going to take part in the boat race.
◆单句写作
（4）［词汇复现］There are occasions that _________________________（要么让我们享
受生活）or forget about our work for a little while.
（5） In my opinion，this kind of method is _________________________（既不灵活也不
高效）.haveknowsareeither allow us to enjoy lifeneither flexible nor efficient句式三 if not 如果不是这样的话；不然，否则
◆教材原句
If not，we surely must find the owner，for he will certainly miss it.
如果不是，我们一定要找到失主，因为他一定是弄丢了。
◆句式分析
if not 是省略if 从句的省略结构。
◆要点必记
某些句式经过长期发展已成为固定搭配：
if so 如果是这样的话
if any 如果有的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if necessary 如有必要的话
◆单句语法填空
（1） Are you tired? If ，let’s have a rest.
（2） Are you ready? If ，I’m going cycling without you.
（3） Do you have any money with you? If ，lend me some.
（4） I don’t remember if I have been there before. If ，that must be when I was very
young.
◆单句写作
（5） Take more exercise. （不然的话），you will be overweight.so notanyeverIf not
