2020年中考英语话题九科普知识与现代技术课件（61张）

课件61张PPT。第二部分 基于话题的语言能力话题九 科普知识与现代技术Part 1话题基础词句发明创造
1. 照相机 _____________ 2. 电话 _____________
3. 电脑 _____________ 4. 冰箱 _____________
5. 洗衣机 _____________ 6. 机器人 _____________
7. 机器 _____________ 8. 电灯 _____________
9. 电 _____________ 10. 电子的 _____________
11. 发明 (n.) _____________
12. 手机 _______________________话题相关词汇cameratelephone/phonecomputerfridgewashing machinerobotmachinelightelectricityelectricinventioncellphone/mobile phone自然科学
1. 自然 _____________ 2. 科学 _____________
3. 生物 _____________ 4. 地理 _____________
5. 天空 _____________ 6. 实验 _____________
7. 地球 _____________
8. 空间；太空 _____________
9. 行星 _____________
10. 科学家 _____________
11. 规律 _____________
12. 研究 ________________naturesciencebiologygeographyskyexperimentearthspaceplanetscientistruleresearch/study电子网络
1. 电子邮件 _____________ 2. 互联网 _____________
3. 下载 _____________ 4. 连接 _____________
5. 信息 _____________ 6. 在线的 _____________
7. 安全(n.) _____________ 8. 便利的 _____________
9. 网站 _____________
10. 分享；共享 _____________
11. 工具 _____________
12. 存储 _____________e-mailInternetdownloadconnectinformationonlinesafetyconvenientwebsitesharetoolstore现代技术
1. 现代的 _____________
2. 技术 _____________
3. 最新的 _____________
4. 提高 _____________
5. 能量 _____________
6. 工程师 _____________
7. 发展 _____________
8. 快的；迅速的 _____________moderntechnologylatestimproveenergyengineerdeveloprapid/fast1. 随着社会的发展，手机在人们的生活中起着越来越重要的作用。
With the development of society, mobile phones play a more and more important role in people's life.
2. 我们不应该花太多的时间上网或玩网络游戏。
We shouldn't spend too much time surfing the Internet or playing online games. 话题相关句型3. 随着科技的进步，我们的生活会变得越来越舒适和便捷。
As the development of science and technology, our life will be more and more comfortable and convenient.
4. 机器人在将来会帮助人们做更多的事情。
Robots will help people do more things in the future.
5. 我们不应该沉迷于玩手机。
We shouldn't lose ourselves in playing mobile phones. Part 2话题阶梯训练A1完形填空(2019广州改编)
短文简介：本文的关键词是“第一批宇航员”。文章讲述了第一批动物宇航员被送到太空去进行探索，积累了宝贵的经验，为以后人类安全进入太空做出了巨大贡献。
The First Astronauts
When did humans first go into space? The story began not very long ago, but the first astronauts were not people—they were animals. A组(难度：容易) Scientists wanted to make travelling to space as __1___ as possible for humans. So they decided to ___2___ animals in spaceflights(宇宙飞行). Insects, mice, frogs, dogs and monkeys were some of the _____3_____ that first went into space. Many of them _____4_____, but they helped to make space travel safer for humans. We _____5_____ forget these animals.
Albert Ⅱ was the first monkey to go into space in 1949. Sadly he died _____6_____ his spaceship landed back on Earth. ___7___, the result was different for Ham the Monkey. When he got back to Earth, he is ___8___ a good health.
Scientists wanted to know the ___9___ to the important question: could an animal like Ham do the same things in space as he could do on Earth? They got the answer when Ham was ____10____ space in 1961. Yes, he did everything well and lived for another 16 years. (　　)1. A. safe B. easy
C. happy D. quick
(　　)2. A. teach B. test
C. tell D. try
(　　)3. A. people B. insects
C. plants D. animals
(　　)4. A. escaped B. died
C. smiled D. lived
(　　)5. A. shouldn't B. may not
C. don't have to D. needn'tABDBA(　　)6. A. if B. because
C. after D. since
(　　)7. A. Usually B. Sadly
C. Unluckily D. Luckily
(　　)8. A. at B. on
C. in D. for
(　　)9. A. note B. advice
C. answer D. book
(　　)10. A. sent back B. sent away
C. sent out D. sent intoCDCCDA2阅读理解(2019深圳改编)
短文简介：本文的关键词是“新型机器人”。文章讲述了在世界机器人展览会上，很多款新型机器人展示了它们的新技能：会说话，会帮忙，会建筑，会送快递……
Sending packets(包裹), going shopping and even building a house, these are new skills that new robots show at the World Robot Exhibition. (提醒：做题时，请在语篇中画出你认为有关正确答案的语境线索。)(　　)1. The RoBoHoN is ________ tall.
A. 0.1 meter B. 1 meter
C. 1.8 meter D. 101 meters
(　　)2. ______ is the best helper to the old people's homes.
A. RoBoHoN B. Human Support Robot
C. HRP-5P D. CarriRo
(　　)3. The owner of the package open the CarriRo ______.
A. by working as a postman
B. by rolling around the street
C. by following the GPS
D. by using the codeABD(　　)4. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. RoBoHoN can be used to do the heavy building tasks.
B. HRP-5P looks like a container with arms.
C. RoBoHoN can speak Japanese as well.
D. CarriRo can get on the Internet.
(　　)5. In which part of a newspaper can we find this passage?
A. Culture. B. Sports.
C. Science. D. People.CCA3短文填空(2019广州改编)
短文简介：本文的关键词是“烟雾报警器”。文章讲述了每年都有很多人死于房屋火灾，其中很大一部分原因是由孩子造成的。烟雾报警器可以帮助预警，人们在听到报警声后应迅速撤离，同时要注意安全。
Smoke Alarms(报警器)
House fires make many people dead each year. Unfortunately, a large ____1____ of these fires are set by children. So, it's important to teach _____2_____ that fire is not a toy. Kids must understand that they'd better not ____3____ with fire. A smoke alarm can help you in a fire. The main job of such an alarm is to protect you ____4_____ you're asleep. You should have a smoke alarm outside each bedroom and ____5____ each floor of your home. You ____6_____ have two plans for getting out of your house if there is a fire and practice these _____7_____ in the dark with your family.
A smoke alarm warns you of the danger. But when you hear it, you don't have too _____8_____ time. Take action quickly. When you come to a closed door, check it with the back of your hand. If it feels _____9_____, there may be fire behind the door, so take care. Once (一旦)you are out of your house, _____10_____ the fire station by using your neighbor's phone. If a family member or a pet is caught inside, you shouldn't go back in. Firemen know how to save them safely. 1. _____________
2. _____________
3. _____________
4. _____________
5. _____________
6. _____________
7. _____________
8. _____________
9. _____________
10. _____________numberthem/childrenplaywhile/whenonshouldplansmuchhotcallB1完形填空(2018广州改编)
短文简介：本文的关键词是“外太空垃圾”。文章讲述了外太空垃圾的产生原因、现状、解决办法和严峻形势。
Many people know that rubbish is a big problem on the earth. What many people don't know is that junk has become a problem in _____1_____ space too.
According to BBC News, there are more than 22,000 pieces of space junk floating(漂浮) around the ____2____. And these are just the things that we can see from the surface B组(难度：适中)of the earth ____3____ telescopes (望远镜). There are also millions of ____4____ pieces of junk that we can't see.
Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites(卫星), move around the planet at very high _____5_____ that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts.
Many scientists suggest different ways to ____6____ up space junk. In England scientists are testing a metal net that can be fired into space junk. The net catches the junk and then pulls _____7_____ into the earth?s atmosphere(大气层) to burn up. The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be _____8_____ destroyed.
“The problem is becoming more challenging ____9____ we're sending more objects into space to help people __10__ their mobile phones and computers,” says Marco Castronuovo, an Italian space researcher. (　　)1. A. inner B. outer
C. upper D. under
(　　)2. A. earth B. moon
C. star D. sun
(　　)3. A. on B. in
C. from D. by
(　　)4. A. bigger B. larger
C. smaller D. thinner
(　　)5. A. speed B. speeds
C. temperature D. temperaturesBADCB(　　)6. A. clean B. take
C. make D. put
(　　)7. A. it B. them
C. they D. their
(　　)8. A. slowly B. safely
C. quickly D. simply
(　　)9. A. if B. when
C. because D. though
(　　)10. A. mend B. buy
C. guide D. useAABCDB2阅读理解(2019广东改编)
短文简介：本文的关键词是“机器人”。文章讲述了如何通过一些重要特征来判定一个机器是否为机器人，以及制作机器人所考虑的因素。
Robots are often found in our daily life. But what exactly is a robot？There are some important characteristics(特征) that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics： Sensing First of all，your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it. Give your robot sensors (传感器)：light sensors(eyes)，touch sensors(hands)，chemical sensors(nose)，hearing sensors(ears) and taste sensors(tongue).
Movement A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. It can move on wheels, walk on legs or be driven by small engines (发动机). A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it. Energy A robot needs to be able to power itself. Some robots might power itself with sunlight, some might with electricity, while others with the battery(电池). The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.
Intelligence A robot needs some kind of “smarts”. A programmer is the person who gives the robot its “smarts”. The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.
(提醒：做题时，请在语篇中画出你认为有关正确答案的语境线索。)(　　)1. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 is about ________.
A. the toy B. the characteristic
C. the machine D. the engine
(　　)2. The chemical sensors may help a robot to ________.
A. see B. catch
C. hear D. smell
(　　)3. In how many ways can a robot power itself according to the passage?
A. Two. B. Three.
C. Four. D. Five. CDB(　　)4. The Chinese meaning of “Intelligence” in the last paragraph is ________.
A. 能源 B. 勤奋
C. 智能 D. 外观
(　　)5. What is the main purpose of the passage？
A. To help people understand what a robot is.
B. To tell what a robot can do in our life.
C. To describe the movement of a robot.
D. To introduce the history of robots. CAB3短文填空(2019淮安改编)
短文简介：本文的关键词是“无人机”。文章讲述了无人机的特点以及它在人们生活中的广泛应用，如照相、投递小型包裹等。作者相信将来无人机的使用会变得越来越广泛。
Drones(无人机)are like planes, but come in many shapes and sizes. There are no _____1_____ to drive on it and it is controlled from outside the drones. During these years, they have been _____2_____ to attack(进攻)enemies or moved goods in dangerous areas. Now small drones are a part of people's lives. For example, people use drones to take _____3_____ or make videos. Besides, a drone delivery (投递) service has proved _____4_____.
Online store JD can use drones to deliver small packages (包裹). It has _____5_____ several drone stations so that it can load (装载) and deliver its packages.
Drones have made our shopping experience ____6____. We can order a new coat in early morning and it will be delivered before we finish breakfast. Bizzby Sky, a UK company, has created a delivery service for small goods. First, open a smartphone app(应用软件), then enter your address, _____7_____, set a time and pay enough money _____8_____ the delivery service. Then in minutes, a drone will do tasks for you.
____9____, any drone company needs government permission (允许) to fly its drones in many countries. We believe we will see more and more drones _____10_____ goods fly in the sky very soon. 1. _____________
2. _____________
3. _____________
4. _____________
5. _____________
6. _____________
7. _____________
8. _____________
9. _____________
10. _____________pilots/peopleusedphotos/picturessuccessfulbuiltdifferentfinallyforHoweverwithC1完形填空(原创)
短文简介：本文的关键词是“不用电的空调装置”。文章讲述了这项新发明的工作原理，即通过阻挡热源和反射热辐射来达到降温的目的。因为它外形小巧，所以需要庞大的安装数量。
Have you ever heard of electricity-free air conditioners? Recently, engineers in the United States developed a system that can break up heat and cool buildings without using _____1_____. The system is made up of an inexpensive C组(难度：挑战)___2___ that can stop heat from the air and send the energy through the Earth's atmosphere into the outer space.
The device is put inside a foam(泡沫橡胶) box ___3___ the bottom of a specially designed place. On the one hand, it helps to ___4___ the sunlight. On ___5___ hand, it can send thermal radiation(热辐射) into the sky, according to the study.
Normally, thermal radiation travels in all directions. They have found a _____6_____ to send it in a certain direction. This makes the system to be more _____7_____ in city environments, because there are tall buildings on all sides. When placed outside during the day, the system could reduce the temperature of a small and closed space by _____8_____ about six degrees centigrade(摄氏度), according to the study.
The system is about 46 centimeters tall and 25 centimeters _____9_____ and long, so in order to cool a building, plenty units of the system are _____10_____ to be installed to cover a roof. (　　)1. A. electricity B. water
C. air D. wind
(　　)2. A. machine B. device
C. robot D. computer
(　　)3. A. for B. in
C. at D. on
(　　)4. A. store B. build
C. collect D. stop
(　　)5. A. other B. another
C. the other D. the othersABCDC(　　)6. A. way B. idea
C. suggestion D. advice
(　　)7. A. important B. available
C. valuable D. impossible
(　　)8. A. at last B. at all
C. at most D. at times
(　　)9. A. high B. wide
C. deep D. big
(　　)10. A. finished B. raised
C. needed D. sentABCBCC2阅读理解
短文简介：本文的关键词是“5G”。文章讲述了5G的概念和它即将在各个领域中的广泛应用以及将给人们带来的便利。最后文章也介绍了它的不完美之处。
Have you heard of 5G? It is the fifth generation of mobile network technology. If the past few years were about testing and development of 5G technology, this year is the time to show some real applications(应用). What changes will 5G bring to us?
First, 5G promises much faster data download and upload speeds, and more stable connections. This means that you will be able to download an entire HD movie in seconds and only experience a short delay between sending and receiving data. Also, VR games will become more popular with 5G. The short delay of 5G will make the games feel even more real.
This big change will not only make our mobile Internet faster. It will also change every industry like health care in telemedicine (远程医疗), and also safer self-driving cars. These cars can send signals (信号) to each other. They also “talk” to traffic lights and road sensors. 5G will allow cars to react even faster than human drivers. 5G also makes the Internet of Things (IoT物联网) possible. IoT is a large network that connects everything to the Internet. Smart homes are part of it. For example, your toaster could automatically (自动地) start making breakfast after your alarm rings.
Though 5G will make our lives more convenient, it will not be perfect. For one thing, 5G will not “travel” far. On 4G networks, you can be 10 kilometers away from the nearest transmission base (传输基地) and barely lose signal. But 5G will only cover about 300 meters, meaning that we will need more transmitters so that we can get signals. And in order to use 5G, we will have to buy new products specifically designed for 5G that are presently expensive.
(提醒：做题时，请在语篇中画出你认为有关正确答案的语境线索。) (　　)1. You will be able to download an entire HD movie in seconds because 5G promises ________.
A. more unstable connections
B. much faster data download and upload speeds
C. a long delay between sending and receiving data
D. slower mobile Internet
(　　)2. The example of the toaster is used to explain the usage of 5G in the area of ________.
A. communication B. transportation
C. the Internet of Things D. mobile InternetBC(　　)3. The underlined word “react” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A. 驾驶 B. 反应 C. 思考 D. 行动
(　　)4. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. 5G technology is in the testing period this year.
B. With the help of 5G, patients can see a doctor through the Internet.
C. Self-driving cars is faster than human drivers with the help of 5G.
D. Special designed 5G phones are not expensive at present.BB(　　)5. The best title for this passage would be ________.
A. Future Technology
B. The Fastest Generation
C. The Advantages of 5G
D. 5G Network is on the WayDC3短文填空(2019宁波改编)
短文简介：本文的关键词是“大数据”。文章讲述了大数据的概念与数据来源。大数据在各个领域都会发挥作用，比如学校、公司等。最后文章介绍了大数据在好、坏两方面的用途。
Big data(数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different ___1___ of answers or patterns in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information ___2____ many sources(来源), such as schools, social media sites, companies and governments. One set of data can have people's names and addresses. _____3_____ set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they _____4_____ on the computer.
Big data can be used _____5_____ many ways. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help _____6_____ those students can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It ____7____ them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream. Big data can be used _____8_____ good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is burn too early will get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are ___9____ to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything _____10_____. 1. _____________
2. _____________
3. _____________
4. _____________
5. _____________
6. _____________
7. _____________
8. _____________
9. _____________
10. _____________kindsfromAnotherspendinsohelps/makesforlikelywrongPart 3话题读写综合 A. 回答问题
请阅读以下一篇有关“中国科技发展”的短文，根据所提供的信息，回答问题。
Nowadays, the development of Chinese science and technology has made China stronger and greater in the world. And it makes a great contribution to humans, too. Let's see some latest news in different aspects(方面).
Aerospace (航天): China?s new carrier rocket Smart Dragon-1 (SD-1) successfully launched (发射) three satellites on August 20, 2019 from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. It is China?s first specially designated rocket for commercial missions (商业任务). The three satellites will be used for remote (远程) sensing services, communication and Internet of Things (IoT物联网).
Farming：Chinese scientists completed a high-resolution (高清晰度的) genome map(基因组图谱) of rice, and it will help promote(促进) the genetic improvement of rice and other crops. Electronics：Chinese scientists have developed a new skill to make high-safety micro batteries(微电池). The new batteries are not only more environmentally friendly and safe but more durable(耐用的).
China has made great progress in both science and technology. All of these are changing the daily life of Chinese people, even of the people around the world. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the topic of this passage?
________________________________________________
2. How many examples are listed?
________________________________________________
3. Which aspects will the three satellites be used for?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________The topic is about the development of Chinese science and technology. Three / 3 examples are listed.They will be used for remote sensing services, communication and Internet of Things.4. What is the effect of the high?resolution genome map of rice?
________________________________________________
5. What are the advantages of the micro batteries?
________________________________________________It will help promote the genetic improvement of rice and other crops. They are not only more environmentally friendly and safe but more durable. B. 书面表达
中国科技的发展与进步，让中国越来越强大，也为人们的生活带来了越来越多的变化。请结合上文的内容，以“My View on Chinese Science and Technology”为题，用英语写一篇短文。
内容包括：
1. 你对中国科技发展的观点态度。
2. 从上文材料中选出一个方面，介绍这种科技的进步将会为人们的生活带来怎样的变化。
3. 你认为应该怎样做，才能跟上科技发展的时代步伐(两至三方面)。 作文要求：
1. 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名。
2. 语句连贯，词数80个左右。作文的标题已经给出，不计入总词数。二、怎么写——遣词句，重结构
My View on Chinese Science and Technology
第一点：观点态度
作为一个中国人，我感到非常荣幸，同时我对中国科技的快速发展觉得骄傲与自豪。
Im greatly honoured and take pride in _____________.
第二点：介绍一种科技的进步将为人们的生活带来的变化(以农业方面为例；动词使用一般将来时)
最近，中国科学家们完成了一份高清晰度的水稻基因组图谱。
Recently, Chinese scientists _________________.
这将有助于促进研究大米和其他作物的基因进行改良。
It will help ___________________.
我相信，在将来大米和其他作物将会生长得更好，产量也将会提高。
I believe that in the future, the plants of rice and other crops will ________, and the production will be ________. 这样的话，世界上就会有更多的食物提供给人们。
So there will be _______________.
第三点：如何跟上科技发展步伐(注意表达计划的不同形式，如should, plan，will， be going to等；注意使用表达顺序的词，如first，second，third等)
What can we do?
首先，作为学生，我们应该努力学习，掌握更多的知识。
First, as ____________, we should _____________.
其次，我们应该保持积极的心态，乐于接受科技进步。
Second, we should and be willing to accept _____________.
第三，我们可以专注于某一科学领域，为国家的科技进步做出自己的贡献。
Third,we can specialize in and make a contribution to _________.
结尾：相信我国科技发展会越来越快，越来越好。
I believe that _____________. 【我的独立写作】(可整理上文，也可根据实际情况适当改写、补充)
My View on Chinese Science and Technology
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
I'm greatly honoured to be a Chinese and take pride in the great development of our country's science and technology. Recently, Chinese scientists completed a high-resolution genome map of rice, and it will help promote the genetic improvement of rice and other crops. I believe that in the future, the plants of rice and other crops will grow better and better and the production will be highly increased. So there will be more food for people around the world.________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________ First, as students, we should study hard and learn more knowledge. Second, we should keep an open mind and be willing to accept the development of science and technology. Third, we can specialize in one field of science and make a contribution to the development of China.
I believe that Chinese science and technology will develop better and better. People?s life will be improved greatly.