2020年中考英语二轮复习话题五自然、世界与环境课件（66张）

课件66张PPT。第二部分 基于话题的语言能力话题五 自然、世界与环境Part 1话题基础词句动物
1. 动物 _____________ 2. 动物园 _____________
3. 宠物 _____________ 4. 鱼 _____________
5. 鹿 _____________ 6. 绵羊 _____________
7. 狮子 _____________ 8. 老虎 _____________
9. 熊 _____________ 10. 狼 _____________
11. 狐狸 _____________ 12. 猴子 _____________话题相关词汇animalzoopetfishdeersheepliontigerbearwolffoxmonkey植物
1. 植物 _____________ 2. 森林 _____________
3. 树 _____________ 4. 木头 _____________
5. 花朵 _____________ 6. 草 _____________
7. 叶子 _____________ 8. 竹子 _____________plantforesttreewoodflowergrassleafbamboo山川与河流
1. 陆地 _____________ 2. 山脉 _____________
3. 小山 _____________ 4. 海 _____________
5. 海洋 _____________ 6. 湖泊 _____________
7. 河流 _____________ 8. 岛屿 _____________
9. 海滩 _____________landmountainhillseaoceanlakeriverislandbeach宇宙与自然灾害
1. 太空 _____________
2. 太阳 _____________
3. 地球 _____________
4. 月亮 _____________
5. 星星 _____________
6. 行星 _____________
7. 地震 _____________
8. 暴风雨 _____________
9. 洪水 _____________spacesunearthmoonstarplanetearthquakestormflood环境保护
1. 自然 _____________ 2. 环境 _____________
3. 污染 _____________ 4. 保护 _____________
5. 回收利用 _____________ 6. 重复使用 _____________
7. 减少 _____________ 8. 增加 _____________
9. 摧毁 _____________ 10. 破坏 _____________
11. 浪费 _____________ 12. 节约；挽救 __________
13. 喂养 _____________ 14. 有害的 _____________
15. 杀死 _____________ 16. 消失 _____________natureenvironmentpollutionprotectrecyclereusereduce/decreaseincreasedestroydamagewastesavefeedharmfulkilldisappear国家与大洲
1. 国家 _____________ 2. 中国 _____________
3. 美国 ___________________________
4. 英国 ___________________________
5. 法国 _____________ 6. 日本 _____________
7. 德国 _____________ 8. 澳大利亚 _____________
9. 亚洲 _____________
10. 欧洲 _____________
11. 美洲 _____________
12. 非洲 _____________
countryChinaAmerica/the USA/the USBritain/England/the UKFranceJapanGermanyAustraliaAsiaEuropeAmericaAfrica1. 保护环境，人人有责。
It's our duty to protect the environment.
2. 我们应该在离开房间时关灯。
We should turn off the lights when we leave the room.
3. 我们最好踩单车或走路去学校，而不是搭车去学校。
We'd better ride a bike or walk to school instead of taking a car to school. 话题相关句型4. 使用布袋是一种减少塑料污染的好方法。
Using cloth bags is a good way to reduce plastic pollution.
5. 如果我们现在关注污染问题，未来是有希望的。
If we pay attention to the pollution now, the future will be hopeful. Part 2话题阶梯训练A1完形填空(2017重庆B卷)
短文简介：本文的关键词是“废水”。文章首先介绍了水问题的严重性，尤其是废水问题，以及分析解决废水问题的重要性，然后给出了几点解决废水问题的方法。
March 22nd is World Water Day. It started in 1993. It not only makes us think about the importance of water, but also calls on(号召)us to _____1_____ and protect water. Today, we're facing terrible water problems. Among them, A组(难度：容易)the wastewater problem is especially _____2_____. And the subject of World Water Day in 2017 is “wastewater”.
What is wastewater? It is used water. Usually, wastewater comes from homes, _____3_____ , hospitals and so on. It is produced by different kinds of activities, including washing the machines, taking showers and using the kitchens. The rain also _____4_____ wastewater when it is running down the street during a storm. No matter where it comes from, this kind of water is sure to have _____5_____ harmful in it. _____6_____ must we treat(处理)wastewater? Wastewater has a big influence on our life. It causes both illness for us and pollution for the environment. We must care for our environment and our own _____7_____.
How can we treat wastewater？Different kinds of wastewater need different ways of treatment. Wastewater _____8_____ homes can be reused. Then there will be _____9_____ wastewater. Also, factory wastewater has to be cleaned _____10_____ it goes back to nature. (　　)1. A. drink B. save
C. carry D. watch
(　　)2. A. easy B. popular
C. small D. serious
(　　)3. A. factories B. lakes
C. rivers D. seas
(　　)4. A. gets back B. hands in
C. changes into D. picks up
(　　)5. A. nothing B. something
C. nobody D. somebodyBDACB(　　)6. A. What B. Who
C. Why D. How
(　　)7. A. work B. interest
C. health D. business
(　　)8. A. on B. for
C. with D. from
(　　)9. A. less B. more
C. better D. worse
(　　)10. A. and B. whether
C. after D. beforeCCDADA2阅读理解(2019广元改编)
短文简介：本文的关键词是“熊猫”。本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了科学家们利用熊猫爪印来计算野生熊猫的数量，并介绍了一些关于熊猫的有趣事实。同时，文章还提出了熊猫面临的问题，呼吁人们保护熊猫。
Scientists looked for paw prints(爪印)in the forests. In this way, they knew the number of pandas! “It's hard to see pandas in the wild,” said Colby, a scientist. “They hide in the thick bamboo forests.” That's why scientists used paw prints to get the number. The number of the pandas was a surprise to scientists. They learned that more pandas lived in the wild! “We found pandas living in areas we didn't know,” said Colby. Although the news is good, pandas are in danger.
Here are some fun facts of pandas.
*It takes a panda more than 10 hours to eat 9 kg to 14 kg of bamboo every day.
*A newborn panda weighs 90—130 grams. That is about the weight of a mouse. A panda's front paws have wrist bones(腕骨). The panda uses them to catch bamboo.
The main threat to pandas is that their land is becoming smaller and smaller. Pandas lose their land when people cut down parts of the forest for wood and farming. Now, China has 13 nature reserves(保护区). People mustn't cut down trees there. Scientists want to create more nature centers to give pandas a better chance to live.
(提醒：做题时，请在语篇中画出你认为有关正确答案的语境线索。)(　　)1. Why did scientists look for paw prints in the forests?
A. Because they could catch pandas in this way.
B. Because they could know where pandas were in this way.
C. Because they could know the number of pandas in this way.
D. Because they could train pandas in this way.
(　　)2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. A panda uses its front paws to catch bamboo.
B. A newborn panda is nearly as heavy as a mouse.
C. A newborn panda may weigh 100 grams.
D. A panda usually sleeps more than 10 hours every day. CD(　　)3. What does the underlined word “threat” mean in the last paragraph?
A. 恐吓 B. 调查 C. 观念 D. 威胁
(　　)4. What can we know from the passage?
A. There are fewer and fewer nature reserves in China.
B. People should help pandas live a happy life in the wild.
C. All the pandas should live in the panda nature reserves.
D. The number of pandas are becoming smaller and smaller. DB(　　)5. Where can you probably read this passage?
A. In a science magazine.
B. In a travel guide.
C. In a storybook.
D. In a newspaper. AA3短文填空
短文简介：本文的关键词是“登山”。文章主要介绍了世界上最危险的山——喜马拉雅山，以及世界第一高峰——珠穆朗玛峰。通过列举事实及数据，我们可以了解登山者的探险精神和成就。这个事实告诉我们：人类有时比自然的力量更强大。
One of the world's most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of ___1____ most popular places for this is the Himalayas. The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of China. Of all the ___2___, Qomolangma rises the highest and it is the most famous. It is 8,844.43 meters high and so it is very _____3_____ to climb. _____4_____ is very hard to take in air as you get near the top.
The first Chinese team _____5_____ the top in 1960, while the _____6_____ woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975.
___7___ do so many climbers risk their lives? One of the main reasons is that people _____8_____ to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. The spirit(精神)of these climbers shows us that we should never give _____9_____ trying to achieve our dreams. It also shows that humans can be stronger ___10___ the forces of nature in some situation. 1. _____________
2. _____________
3. _____________
4. _____________
5. _____________
6. _____________
7. _____________
8. _____________
9. _____________
10. _____________themountainsdangerousItreachedfirstWhywantupthanB1完形填空(2019遵义)
短文简介：本文的关键词是“保护环境”。文章讲述了一个故事：由于星球污染，很少生物能够生存，男孩Jim在山洞里发现一朵快要病死的花，他连根带土把它挖起来，并且带它去到了月球，花在那里繁衍开来。这个故事告诉我们要保护环境、爱护地球。
In space, there was a little gray planet. It looked very _____4_____, because the people who lived there hadn't looked after it. They had polluted the whole planet heavily _____2_____ rubbish and pollution. As a result, there were B组(难度：适中)few plants and animals left.
One day, a little boy Jim was walking on the planet, when he passed a cave(山洞)and _____3_____ a small red flower inside. The flower was very sick—almost dying, so Jim _____4_____ dug up the flower, with roots, soil and everything. Then he started looking for a place _____5_____ care of it. He searched all over the planet, but everywhere was polluted so much that there was _____6_____ place the flower could possibly live in. Then he looked up at the moon. It seemed that maybe the plant could live there. Jim decided to go there. He _____7_____ a spaceship and put the little red flower in the back, then they flew to the moon. Far away from all the pollution, the flower soon grew up, giving birth to others, and these other flowers spread onto other flowers. Soon the whole moon was completely covered with flowers. When the little boy?s flowers came out, the moon gave out a soft red _____8_____. It was the most beautiful scenery he had ever seen.
Maybe the story is telling us _____9_____ we don't look after the planet, a day will come when flowers can only grow on the moon. So we must be friendly to _____10_____ place that we are living in now. (　　)1. A. happy B. sad
C. excited D. bored
(　　)2. A. about B. from
C. with D. beside
(　　)3. A. noticed B. believed
C. decided D. expected
(　　)4. A. careful B. carefully
C. careless D. carelessly
(　　)5. A. to take B. take
C. took D. takingBCABA(　　)6. A. some B. many
C. no D. much
(　　)7. A. went away B. went through
C. climbed into D. climbed out
(　　)8. A. fire B. smell
C. noise D. light
(　　)9. A. unless B. that
C. before D. if
(　　)10. A. us B. our
C. ours D. ourselvesCCDDBB2阅读理解(2019衢州改编)
短文简介：本文的关键词是“塑料垃圾问题”。文章先介绍了当今世界普遍存在塑料垃圾问题以及它的危害，然后介绍了各国政府所采取的行动，最后也介绍了一些科学家已经找到了一些解决塑料垃圾问题的好方法。
The world has a plastics problem. And not just with bottles. Straws(吸管), toothbrushes, toys—all kinds of plastics are placed in landfills(垃圾场). There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. Landfills have a large part of it. By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons. Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are floating around out there. And most plastic won't disappear itself. It will remain in the ocean forever. Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps. It endangers ocean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.
Governments are realizing that recycling may not be enough. They are taking more actions. Though it is hard work, it is still a problem that can be solved. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as well. The US alone throws away some 500 million plastic straws a day. That's enough to circle the Earth twice. “Saying no to a plastic straw is an easy way to make a big difference,” Diana Lofflin who started www.strawfree.org said. “Do we really want to pass on to our children a world harmed by plastic?”
People have found some tasty ways to reduce waste. A company in India made the first-ever spoon that people can eat. You don't have to eat the spoon. You can throw it away. It decomposes(分解)in just a few days. David Edwards, a scientist at Harvard University, designed an eatable bag which can protect the food or drink inside. It is a delicious replacement for plastic ones.
(提醒：做题时，请在语篇中画出你认为有关正确答案的语境线索。)(　　)1. According to the passage, ________ may not cause a plastics problem.
A. used plastic bottles B. one-time used straws
C. thrown?away toothbrushes D. wooden toy cars
(　　)2. According to the writer, birds die because they ________.
A. eat bottle caps and straws
B. get caught in fishing nets
C. feed on ocean animals
D. have the spoons in India DA(　　)3. The underlined word “endangers” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.
A. 带来 B. 失去
C. 危害 D. 拯救
(　　)4. From the passage, we can tell that the plastics problem ________.
A. is too big for people to solve
B. can be solved by recycling alone
C. can be solved, but it won't be easy
D. will have to be solved by future scientists CC(　　)5. The purpose of the passage is mainly to ________.
A. introduce some ways to recycle waste
B. tell readers about the problem with plastics
C. compare air pollution and plastic pollution
D. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste BB3短文填空
短文简介：本文的关键词是“跑步捡垃圾”。本文介绍了Grace每日坚持这项运动的过程和意义，最后她的丈夫也加入这项运动来保护我们的地球环境。
Grace runs and picks up rubbish along the way. What she does is called “plogging”, ____1___ activity combining (结合) collecting rubbish with running. Last summer, she first learned the idea of “plogging” on the Internet and _____2_____ to plog. Grace runs four or five _____3_____ a week and takes a daily walk with her two dogs. She often wears her gloves and takes several bags __4___ her when she goes out. Sometimes she spends half an hour ___5___ rubbish. She says she has wasted the last few years of her running life. Now she feels ____6____ to do plogging than just running by the river.
“__7__ just takes a moment to stop and pick something up off the ground, no matter what rubbish it is. __8___, it makes a big difference to my community. Now my husband also ___9___ me,” Grace says ___10___. “It doesn't matter how much rubbish I pick up. It's a good way to protect our planet.”1. _____________
2. _____________
3. _____________
4. _____________
5. _____________
6. _____________
7. _____________
8. _____________
9. _____________
10. _____________andecidedtimeswithcollectingbetterItHoweverjoinsproudlyC1完形填空(2019淄博改编)
短文简介：本文的关键词是“保护地球环境”。从古代的农田耕作到现在的进城工作，工业革命改变了人们的生活，但也给地球带来了破坏。人们开始意识到保护我们赖以生存的地球的重要性，于是就有了“地球日”，它旨在呼吁每个人都参与到保护地球的行动中来。
People on the earth have been farming the land for thousands of years. They grew fruits and vegetables. They hunted and fished for meat. They ____1____ cloth, dyes(染料)and paper from plants. They used stone and metal for C组(难度：挑战)weapons and tools.
People have done better in making machines which were powered _____2_____ water and steam(蒸汽)，and even later, by coal, oil, and petrol. Large cities were built. Factories _____3_____ of machines created jobs in the cities for thousands of people. The Industrial Revolution(工业革命)changed the lives of many people because, for the first time, more people lived in cities than on _____4_____.
Companies built power plants(工厂)to make ____5____ to run the machines, factories and cities.
People did not realize these activities were ___6____ the Earth. They didn't realize how ____7____ oil, gas, coal and minerals were being used up. ____8____ cities grew bigger and spread across the land, plants and animals began to disappear. Their nature homes were destroyed(破坏)as people moved into new places.
As time passed, people began to ____9____ the need to protect the Earth and its natural resources(资源). They saw that plants and animals needed protection, so they wouldn't disappear forever. People joined together to tell ___10____ around the world to conserve(节约)our natural resources and care for the Earth. And so, Earth Day was born. Each year more and more people take part in Earth Day. What can you do to help?(　　)1. A. separated B. washed
C. made D. mixed
(　　)2. A. as B. for
C. with D. by
(　　)3. A. full B. proud
C. sick D. short
(　　)4. A. mountains B. rivers
C. grasslands D. farms
(　　)5. A. metal B. water
C. electricity D. oilCDADC(　　)6. A. helping B. harming
C. wasting D. losing
(　　)7. A. clearly B. hardly
C. quickly D. slowly
(　　)8. A. Before B. If
C. As D. Though
(　　)9. A. forget B. see
C. remember D. get
(　　)10. A. them B. other
C. another D. othersBCCBDC2阅读理解
短文简介：本文的关键词是“全球变暖”。文章介绍了全球变暖所引起的三个长期变化，包括终结种族差异、使昆虫更饥饿和帮助科学家找到历史遗迹。
In what ways has global warming affected our world? Rising sea levels, melting ice and terrible weather are just a few examples. But did you know that global warming can also bring some long-term changes?
Ending racial(种族的)differences
Global warming can make the land dry and cause poor harvests. This can force people to leave their homelands and move to other places. One result of this is gene flow(基因流动).
“In just 125 years, there may be fewer people with dark skin or pale skin. More people will have brown?colored skin. Racism could be lessened or disappear,” Solomon said.
Making insects hungrier
According to Science Daily, when it is warmer, insects' body temperatures go up along with the outside temperature. This is very different from humans and other mammals(哺乳动物), who can keep their body temperature at a certain level without being affected by the weather. Higher body temperatures can increase the insects' metabolism(新陈代谢). This makes them hungrier, so they need to eat more. In addition, increasing temperatures also make insects breed(繁殖)more quickly.
Helping scientists find historic sites
Britain had a very dry and hot summer this year because of global warming, a newspaper reported. After the dry weather turned the country's green landscape(地貌)yellow, people noticed some unusual patterns(图案)in the middle of a field. That's because grass that grows above historic sites has a different color and height from other grass. This helped people see the patterns. After studying these patterns, scientists found Neolithic(新石器时代)monuments(纪念碑)and a Roman farm.
(提醒：做题时，请在语篇中画出你认为有关正确答案的语境线索。)(　　)1. According to Solomon, which skin color will be more common in the future?
A. Dark. B. Pale. C. Yellow. D. Brown.
(　　)2. Why will global warming make insects hungrier?
A. Because they will grow as big as mammals.
B. Because their metabolism will increase as temperatures increase.
C. Because they need more energy to stay alive at higher temperatures.
D. Because only large insects can live at high temperatures. DB(　　)3. What does the underlined word “lessened” mean in the passage?
A. 减弱 B. 增大
C. 失踪 D. 变化
(　　)4. What did people in England find because of the hot weather?
A. New landscapes.
B. Grass with different shapes.
C. Some unusual patterns in a field.
D. An ancient country under a field. AC(　　)5. What can we infer from the story?
A. Global warming is happening more quickly.
B. Global warming is not a problem at all.
C. Farmers will face problems because of global warming.
D. Scientists are happy with global warming. CC3短文填空(2019绵阳改编)
短文简介：本文的关键词是“环境保护”。文章讲述了人类面临的环境问题以及日常保护环境的方法。
The topic of this programme is Environmental Protection, we human beings have _____1_____ a lot of things at the cost of the environment to develop economy quickly in the past few years. I do think it is time for us to understand the importance of ____2____ the environment and do something about it. And today I would like to introduce some simple but ____3____ ways that we can follow easily in our daily life. Firstly, turn _____4_____ lights if it is unnecessary. Then, go out in environment-friendly ways such as by bus, by subway or by bike. We can even walk to work when possible, which is really helpful for _____5_____ of our budget(预算)and health. _____6_____, try best to use things like books, paper, magazines and so on. And _____7_____ we go shopping, we can also take cloth bags instead of plastic ones. Of course the public should raise environmental awareness (意识) and realize it is everyone's ____8____ to protect the environment. Last but not least, the government should _____9_____ laws to guide people's behaviors. If every one of us can make ____10____ contribution to the environment, the world will be a better place to live in. 1. _____________
2. _____________
3. _____________
4. _____________
5. _____________
6. _____________
7. _____________
8. _____________
9. _____________
10. _____________doneprotectingusefuloffbothSecondlywhendutymakeaPart 3话题读写综合 A. 回答问题
请阅读一篇有关“上海垃圾分类”的短文，根据所提供的信息，回答问题。
If you are in Shanghai and want to throw away a cup of milk tea, be careful. You need to follow these steps: first, pour out any leftover(残留物)into a wet waste bin; second, put the paper wrapper into a recyclable waste bin; finally, throw the single-use cup and straw(吸管)into a dry waste bin.
Sound complex(复杂的)? You'll have to get used to it. From July 1st, 2019 on, people in Shanghai are required to sort(将……分类)their garbage according to strict rules. Garbage is divided into wet garbage, dry garbage, toxic(有毒的)garbage and recyclable garbage. Many other cities in China are planning to create similar garbage-sorting rules.
Why should we sort our garbage? The answer lies in the increasing amount of waste we are producing. Chinese cities produce over 200 million tons of waste each year, according to China Economic Net. Most of this waste is buried in landfills, which may pollute water and soil. Moreover, we are running out of space for new landfills.
In fact, more than half of our waste can be recycled. Recyclable garbage can be made into new materials, while wet garbage can be used to make gas, heat and fertilizer(肥料). But in order to recycle efficiently(有效率地), we need to sort our garbage. Can't garbage-processing companies do the sorting job for us? They can. But that requires a lot of work and costs lots of money. Things will become much easier if each of us can sort our own garbage. Besides, the troublesome task of sorting might encourage people to produce less waste. Do you still want to buy that milk tea?Answer the following questions.
1. How many steps should we follow to throw away a cup of milk tea in Shanghai?
________________________________________________
2. When are people in Shanghai required to sort their garbage?
________________________________________________
3. Why should we sort garbage?
________________________________________________We should follow three / 3 steps.From July 1st, 2019 on.Because we are producing increasing amount of waste.4. Where is most of waste buried?
________________________________________________
5. Which kind of garbage can be used to make heat?
________________________________________________Most of waste is buried in landfills.Wet garbage can be used to make heat. B. 书面表达
地球的资源是有限的，我们要好好地爱护和珍惜这些资源，所以垃圾分类势在必行。请结合上文内容，以“Cherish the Valuable Resources”为题，用英语写一篇文章。
内容包括：
1. 简单说说你对实施垃圾分类的看法。
2. 谈谈青少年在日常生活中应该怎样节约资源(至少三点)。
3. 呼吁大家珍惜资源，共建更美好的世界。 作文要求：
1. 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名。
2. 语句连贯，词数80个左右。作文的标题已经给出，不计入总词数。二、怎么写——遣词句，重结构
Cherish the Valuable Resources
第一点：对实施垃圾分类的看法
在我看来，实施垃圾分类是非常有必要的。
In my opinion, it is ____________________________.
用这种方式，我们可以回收、利用资源。
We can _____ in this way. (此处还可以多说几个垃圾分类的好处)
第二点： 谈谈青少年在日常生活中应该怎样节约资源(注意使用表达顺序的词汇，如first of all, what's more, last but not least等)
As teenagers, it's our duty to save resources in our daily life.
首先，我们可以把用过的书或旧衣服捐赠给穷困的孩子。
First of all, we can ______________________________.
其次，我们应该在购物时使用布袋来代替塑料袋。
What's more, we should _____________________. 最后，我们应该一离开房间就马上关灯，这样才能省电。
Last but not least, we are supposed to _________________.
第三点：呼吁大家珍惜资源，共建更美好的世界
总之，让我们大家一起努力珍惜宝贵的资源，共建更美好的世界。
In a word, let's work together ___________________. 【我的独立写作】(可整理上文，也可根据实际情况适当改写、补充)
Cherish the Valuable Resources
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In my opinion, it is very necessary to sort garbage. We can recycle resources in this way.
As teenagers, it's our duty to save resources in our daily life. First of all, we can give away the used books or old clothes to the poor kids. What's more, we should use cloth bags instead of plastic bags when we go shopping. Last but not least, we are supposed to turn off the lights as soon as we leave a room in order to save electricity.________________________________________________
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________________________________________________ In a word, let's work together to cherish the valuable resources and make a better world.