第十二讲 八年级下册 Units 3-4 教材梳理整合
基础知识梳理
【话题】
Unit 3：Chores and permission Unit 4: Interpersonal communication
【词汇总结】
名词：
1 垃圾_________ 2 地板_________ 3 杂乱____________ 4 公正性_________
5 邻居________ 6 关系__________ 7 交流；沟通_______ 8 成员___________
9 压力________ 10意见__________ 11 技巧__________ 12 发展__________
动词：
1折叠；对折_________ 2 打扫___________ 3 扔；掷___________
4 递；给；走过_________ 5 借；借用_________ 6 借给；借出_________
7 厌恶；讨厌___________ 8 提供；供应________ 9 依靠；依赖__________
10 落下；掉下___________ 11 允许；准许________ 12 猜测；估计_________
13 争吵；争论____________ 14 主动提出___________ 15 交流；沟通________
16 解释；说明____________ 17 抄袭；复制_______ 18 归还；回来 ________
19 竞争；对抗____________ 20 持续；继续存在______ 21 比较________
22 督促；推动___________ 23 造成；引起_________
形容词：
1 有病；不舒服____________ 2 合理的；公正的__________ 3 不合理的；不公正的________
4 有毛病的；错误的________ 5 年纪较长的_____________ 6 紧张的；焦虑的__________
7 正确的；恰当的__________ 8 清楚易懂的；晴朗的________ 9 典型的___________
10 快的；快速的____________ 11 不理智的；疯狂的_______ 12 通常的；寻常的_________
副词
1 而且；加之____________ 2 代替；反而；却_________ 3 第二；其次_______
4 可能；大概；也许__________
兼类词
1 也不（adv.) 两者都不（pron.) ________
2 因为；既然（conj.) 从....以后；自...以来 （prep. conj. adv. )_________
【短语归纳】
1 倒垃圾___________ 2 反复；频繁_______________ 3 一....就... ____________
4 依靠_______________ 5 take care of _________________ 6 look through ____________
7 work out ____________ 8 和某人和睦相处_____________9 主动提出做某事___________
10 cut out _____________ 11 compare..with _____________ 12 in one’s opinion ___________
【句子提炼】
A: ______ you _____ sweep the floor ?请你扫一下地， 好吗？
B：Yes, _______ . 是的， 当然可以。
2 For one week , she did not do any housework and _______ ________ ______ . 整整一个星期，她没做任何家务，我也没做。
3 They should spend their time on schoolwork _______ _______ ______ get good grades and get into a good university . 为了取得好成绩并考上好大学， 他们应该把时间花在学业上。
4 ______ she’s wrong , it’s not a big deal . 虽然她错了，但也没什么了不起的。
5 Maybe you could do more jobs around the house _______ ____ they have more time for proper communication . 或许你应该在家里多做点家务，这样他们就有更多的时间做些适当的交流。
【交际用语】
What’s wrong?
Why don’t you go to sleep earlier this evening ?
Thanks for your advice
Hope things work out .
【语法小结】
neither 引导的倒装句。
Until , although 和so that 引导的状语从句
知识考点清单
考点一 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句
教材原文 My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV . 我一坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。
as soon as 意为 “一...就..” ,用来引导时间状语从句。如果主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。
I will write to you as soon as I get to Beijing . 我一到北京就会给你写信。
例1 （2019四川成都七中实验学校月考11题1分）He will go and see me as soon as he _______ his work .
A will finish B. finish C. finishes
解析 句意：他一完成工作，就会来看我。 主句是一般将来时， as soon as 引导的时间状语从句是一般现在时，和he搭配的词是finishes , 故答案为C
答案 C
即时训练
1（2019四川南充二诊25题1分）--May I speak to Mary ?
--Sorry , she isn’t in . But I’ll ask her to call you back _____ she gets home .
A as soon as B. before C. since D. till
2 (2018山东潍坊中考六4题2分）翻译句子
你最好一回家先做作业。 （as soon as )
____________________________________________
考点二 borrow 的用法和易混词
教材原文 Could I borrow that book ?我能借一下那本书吗？
borrow作动词，意为 “借；借用”.
I have borrowed this bicycle from Harry . 我向哈里借用了这辆自行车。
辨析：borrow ,lend 和keep 的区别：
borrow
非延续性动词，表示主语”借入” ,常用搭配borrow sth for sb .
lend
非延续性动词，表示主语”借出”，常用搭配lend sth to sb
keep
延续性动词，表示“保留；留着”
I have forgotten my pen . Could I borrow you ? 我忘了带笔。可以借用一下你的吗？
I lent my bike to Lisa . 我把我的自行车借给莉萨了。
You can keep these books for two weeks . 这些书你可以借两周。
例2 （2019山东济南济阳第二实验中学一模44题1分）--Excuse me . How long can I _____ this book ?
--Three weeks . It’s the rule .
A borrow B. buy C. lend D. keep
解析:根据答语“三周”可知，表示“长时间地借用”要用keep .
答案：D
即时训练
3 (2018吉林长春外国语学校期中59题1分）When you ______ something , make sure you return it on time .
A use B. lend C. pay D. borrow
考点三 so that 引导的目的状语从句
教材原文Maybe you could do more jobs around the house so that they have more time for proper communication . 或许你应该在家里多做点家务，这样他们就有更多的时间做些适当的交流。
本句是含有so that 引导的目的状语从句的主从复合句。 so that 意为“为了是；以便” ， 相当于in order that , 用来引导目的状语从句。
Bring it nearer so that I can see it clearly . 把它拿近一些以便我能看得玩清楚 。
例3 (2019山东济南长清期末42 题1分）I agreed on her suggestion _____ make her happy , though I thought mine was better .
A in order B. in order to C. so that D. in order that .
解析: 句意：我同意她的建议是为了使她开心，尽管我觉得我的建议更好，根据设空处后的make 可知in order to “以便；为的是”符合题意。
答案 B
即时训练
4 (2018重庆实验外国语学校每一次月考32题）--What is Tim doing these days ?
--He’s studying English and _____ he can get a better grade in the coming exam .
A in order to B. so that C. as long as D. while
参考答案
词汇总结
名词：1. rubbish 2. floor 3. mess 4. fairness 5. neighbor 6. relation 7. communication 8. member 9. pressure 10. opinion 11. skill 12 development
动词： 1. fold 2. sweep 3. throw 4. pass 5 borrow 6. lend 7. hate 8. provide 9. depend 10. drop 11. allow 12 guess 13. argue 14. offer 15. communicate 16. explain 17. copy 18. return 19. compete 20. continue 21. compare 22. push 23. cause
形容词：1. ill 2. fair 3. unfair 4. wrong 5. elder 6. nervous 7. proper 8. clear 9 typical 10. quick 11. crazy 12. usual
副词： 1. anyway 2. instead 3. secondly 4. perhaps
连词：while
兼类词：1.neither 2 since
短语
take out the rubbish 2. all the time 3. as soon as 4. depend on 5. 照顾；处理 6. 快速查看；浏览 7 成功地发展；解决 8 get on well with sb 9 offer to do sth 10. 删除；删去 11 比较；对比 12 依...看
句式提炼
Could ; please ;sure 2. neither did I 3. in order to 4. Although 5 so that
即时训练
A 2 You’d better do your homework first as soon as you come (back ) get /arrive home 3 D 4. B
八年级下册
Units 3-4
根据所给句子，填入一个适当的词，使句意完整。
--What kind of housework can you do ?
--I can ______ the floor .
Please _______ your clothes and put them in the box.
My grandmother is _____ in bed so I have to look after her.
I think the Chinese teenagers ______ on their parents too much .
I often ______ some books from the library .
My parents don’t _______ me to hang out with friends on school nights .
It’s very important to get ______ well with classmates .
It’s not right to _______ others’ homework .
Mary can ______ things very well . What she says can be understood very clearly .
The ______ between China and Russia are becoming better and better
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
Could you please ________ (make ) your bed ?
I ______ (argue ) with my best friend yesterday . What should I do ?
What about ______ (take ) out the rubbish for us ?
I’m sorry . Would you mind ______ (keep) your voice down ?
We have two _____ (live) rooms .
Peter is very good at _______ (fish)
Don’t pull the door . You should ______ (push ) it .
Don’t give yourself too much ________ (press )
The government did a lot for the country’s _______ (develop)
It’s ______ (cloud) today .
III 单项选择
( ) 1. Can you provide us ______ some information _______ the computer ?
A for; with B. with ; about C. with ; with
( ) 2. You should _____ a letter _____ him to say sorry .
A write ; to B. write ; for C. wrote ; to
( ) 3. I hate _____ the dishes , but I like to ______ my bed.
A make ; make B. do; making C. doing ; make
( ) 4. --Which do you like better , a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk ?
--______ , thanks . I’d like just a cup of tea.
A Either B. Neither C. Both
( ) 5. --Do you think China is a ______ country?
--Yes, everyone knows it .
A developing B. developing C. develop
( ) 6. I like to dance ______ singing an English song .
A instead of B. rather than C. over
( ) 7. --I argued with my best friend .
--You ____say _______ to him .
A should ; hello B. should ; sorry C. can ; goodbye
( ) 8. Our English teacher _______ us .
A goes on well B. gets on well with C. come along well with
( ) 9. -- What should I get my grandma for her birthday ?
--Why _______ you _____ a scarf ?
A not ; buy B. don’t ; to buy C. don’t ; buy
( ) 10 . --Could you please do some washing ?
--________ . I have to help my mother do the dishes .
A Yes, I do B. Yes, I can C. Sorry , I can’t
完成对话 从方框中选择正确选项，交将其字母序号写在对话后面的横线上。（方框中有一个选项与对话内容无关）
Oh, but why ?
I don’t like to do it at all .
What do you like to do at home ?
Do you often cook meals at home ?
I like doing chores because they are interesting .
What does your twin sister Lily like to do at home ?
Lucy :Hello, Rose .
Rose :Hello , Lucy .
Lucy:___1___
Rose :Yes, I do . I like doing it very much , and I can cook delicious dishes .
Lucy :Great ! What does your sister Kate like doing at home ?
Rose :She likes sweeping the floor , but she doesn’t like cooking . ___2____
Lucy : l like to do the laundry .
Rose :___3___
Lucy : It’s relaxing . I can watch TV when the washing machine does it .
Rose :___4___
Lucy :She likes to do the dishes , but she doesn’t like to make the bed .
Rose :To do the dishes ? ___5___
Lucy :Me, neither .
__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.________ 5._______
V 补全对话 根据对话内容，填写适当的话语，使对话完整、正确 。（每空词数不限）
A:What’s the matter , Tom ?
B:1. ________________________every day .
A:Too much homework ? Why don’t you tell your parents that too much homework makes you tired ?
B:But they don’t agree with me . 2. ___________________________?
A:Maybe you could tell them relaxing is as important as studying
B:3. _____________________. But I don’t want to make them angry .
A: Don’t worry . Your parents will agree with your advice .
B: You’re right . 4. ________________________ .
A:No problem . Hope things 5. ________________________________ .
VI 短文填空 从方框中选择正确选项，完成短文。（方框中有两个选项是多余的）
A sons B. can C. buy D. helps E. for F. four
G good H. take care of I. dishes J. likes K. how L. when
Lisa is serious about the chores in her house . She gives her children things things that they ___1___do according to their ages . She started by asking John , the elder of her two __2___ , to help with the dishes . It is now an easy chore ___3__ the 15-year-old . His 13-year-old brother , Dave , now ___4___ John too. They take turns (轮流) washing the ____5____ after meals . The boys also clean their study tables , make their beds and __6___ food from the market on Sunday mornings . Besides (除了) these , the boys also know how to cook easy meals ___7___ their parents are not at home .
The family of ___8__ people live in big house but they do all the housework themselves . Lisa says , “When I was young , my father wanted us to do things on our own (独立地) and learn how to ___9___ ourselves . Now I’m doing it to my kids .”John says , “Doing chores is ___10__ . You learn important skills and responsibility (责任）”
_________ 2._________ 3.___________ 4.____________ 5.___________
6.___________ 7.__________ 8.___________ 9.____________ 10.___________
VII. 阅读理解
(A)
Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new house in Arizona . He moved there a few year ago , and I wanted very much to see his new place and meet his friends .
In my earliest memories my father was a tall , handsome and successful man . He loved his work and family , but was uncomfortable with his children . As a child I loved him ; as a schoolgirl and young adult I was afraid of him . He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s in my study and unhappy with boyfriend if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was . Whenever I went out with him on weekends , I used to try hard to think up things to say to protect myself .
On the first day of my visit , we went out with one of my father’s friends for lunch . We walked along that afternoon , did some shopping , ate on the street table , and laughed over my son’s funny talks . My father’s critical (挑剔的) air and strict rules were gone . He seemed so friendly and interesting to be with us .
The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me many stories about his own childhood . Although our times together became easier over the years . I never felt closer to him at the moment. After so many years , I’m at last seeing another side of my father . And in so doing , I’m happy with my new friend. My dad , in this new home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was .
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
( ) 1. The father was unhappy with the writer because ______ .
A he didn’t like her B. he expected too much of her
C she had a boyfriend D. she was uncomfortable
( ) 2. The underlined words “straight A’s” in Paragraph 2 mean “_______” in Chinese .
A 全优 B. 及格 C 中等 D 不及格
( ) 3. When the writer went out with his father for a walk on weekend she felt ______ .
A tired B. happy C. satisfied D. nervous
( ) 4. What does the writer think of her father after visiting him in Arizona ?
A Strict and hard-working B. More critical
C Friendly and interesting D. More successful
( ) 5. When the writer says “my new friend” in the last paragraph, she is talking about ______ .
A her son B. her father C. her boyfriend D. her father’s friend
(B)
( ) 1. In school , do you feel anything difficult or boring ? You should join in all kinds of activities . You should be interested in all subjects .
( ) 2 Eating good meals is necessary, or you will be thinking about food in class . Go to bed on time and have enough sleep . Do more sports to keep your body strong .
( ) 3. Don’t make any excuse if you put off today’s things to tomorrow . If a class is missed , it’s difficult to catch up with others.
( ) 4. If you fail some exams , you will feel sad . It don’t matter . A person is never perfect , Sometimes he also has unpleasant things .
( ) 5. If your last grade was a C, you should work hard for a B . Always think , “I will speak in class five times this week ,”or “I will remember ten English words a day .”
根据陈述内容，选择相匹配选项。
Be Positive (积极的）about School .
Do Today’s Work Today
Set Goals
Keep Healthy .
Keep Hopeful .
( C )
Most children don’t enjoy doing the housework . They like playing computer games rather than cleaning the rooms . But in Australia Jim and Robert’s mother , Mrs. Black , has good and proper methods to get her children to do it . Here is an example .
“Mum , have you worked out next week’s housework ? Let Jim and me choose the cards. I can’t wait . It’s fun!”
When Robert shouted out , his mother has already put all the cards on their big table . On the cards , there are some words like these , “sweep the floor , clean your bedroom , help mum cook , wash vegetables , make the bed , feed the fish , cut the wood , clean the bathroom”and many others , Jim and Robert chose two cards for each day from Monday to Friday . Then they would hang them on the board . Jim likes to clean the bathroom , so he picked up the card “clean the bathroom”. Robert loves to make the bed so he picked up his favorite card . Jim again picked up “wash vegetables” and Robert chose “feed the fish”. Soon the two boys were happy to take away all the cards.
To help the children do the housework , their mother thought hard and came up with this idea . Of course , the parents did the housework on weekends and left Jim and Robert two days free .
阅读短文，判断句子（T）、误（F）
( ) 1. From the passage we know that most children like playing computer games .
( ) 2. Jim and Robert chose eight card for the weekdays from Monday to Friday
( ) 3. Jim likes to clean the bathroom .
( ) 4. The underlined phrase “came up with” probably means gave up
( ) 5. The parents did the housework on weekends .
(D )
It was a lovely spring afternoon . My classmates and I were playing happily on the playground when I let out a cry , “Ow!Something in my shoe is biting (咬）me .”
My classmate was surprised by the cry . __1___ . And they were about to talk off my shoe . “Which foot is it ?” one asked . “Let us have a look.”
Suddenly , I remembered the holes in my socks . My family was very poor during those year . I wore welfare (福利) socks . They were cheap but didn’t last long . __2____ . I refused to take off my shoe. I didn’t want others to see the holes in my sock . I tried to hold back my tears .
My teacher , Miss Diane , hurried into the classroom . “What’s wrong ?” she asked . “Something is biting her right foot . ___3__ ,” one of my classmates answered .
Miss Diane lived next door to me . She knew everything about my family . She put both hands on my shaking shoulders and looked into my painful and hopeless eyes .
She said, “Oh, yes, it must be a sock-eating ant . ____4___ . It ate one of my socks . When I got my shoe off , it had eaten almost the whole bottom off my sock .” My classmates listened to the teacher carefully and nodded .
Miss Diane took off my right shoe and sock . She shook them over the dustbin (垃圾箱）. __5___ “Just what I though it . The ants have eaten part of her sock . You are such a brave girl to take so many bites.”
根据短文内容，将下面方框内的句子不原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺。
It’s a kind of ants eating socks .
Two red ants fell into the dustbin .
They soon had holes at the bottom .
Then they took me into a classroom .
But she doesn’t let us take off her shoe.
__________ 2._________ 3._________ 4.________ 5.__________
( E )
Everyone has his problems to worry about .
Son:I try to be a good son , but no matter how hard I try , my parents never seem to be satisfied . They think I should eat healthier food , I should wear nicer clothes , and I should get better grades . And according to them , my hair should be shorter , my room should be neater (整洁), and my friends should be more polite when they come to visit . You know it isn’t easy to be a teenager .
Parents :We try to be good parents , but no matter how we try , our children never seem to be satisfied . They think we should wear more fashionable clothes . we should buy a faster car , and we should listen to more interesting music . And according to them , we should be more sympathetic (富有同情心的）when they talk about their problems, we should be more friendly when their friends come to visit , and we should be more understanding when they come late from a Saturday night date . You know it isn’t easy to be parents .
根据对话内容，完成句子。（每空词数不限）
Food
_________
Friends
Other things
Son’s opinions about parents
Should wear 2. ________clothes
Should 3. ____________
Should buy a faster car and listen to more interesting music .
Parents’ opinion about son
Should wear nicer clothes
Should be more polite
Should get 5. ______________
(F)
When it comes to the letter grade on you test or homework , you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so ?
In the A, B, C, D and F grading system , the first four letters are typically considered passing grades . An F in this system simply stands for “fail”. The word “fail” happens to start with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact of the matter is that any letter can mean “not-passing” or “fail” . Some schools have U grade for “unsatisfactory” , or I grade for “incomplete” .
Even with all this said , we should also point out than E grade actually has been used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.
The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use tody is Mount Holyoke College . In 1897, they began to use the following grading scale :
A: 95%-100% (excellent ) B: 85%-94% (good ）
C 76%-84%（fair) D 75%(barely passed )
E: below 75% (failed )
We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.
Gradually , the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However ,, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F. There is no evidence (证据） really support this , but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent” .
Why do we have letter grades ? Well, part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools . As the 20th century began , growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms . Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy , fair and clear way to grade students .
Today , more and more people argue that letter grades don’t fully reflect (反映) student learning . However , as teachers try to improve grading methods , many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids . They are familiar (熟悉) and easy for parents to understand . So while they might not be perfect , the letter grades probably aren’t going away any time soon .
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
What does an F stand for in the A, B , C , D and F grading system ?
____________________________________________________________________
When was the letter grading system first used in the US college ?
_______________________________________________________________________
What is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade ?
_______________________________________________________________________
What did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century ?
_______________________________________________________________
Why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today ?
____________________________________________________________________
VIII.书面表达
（A)根据短文内容填空。 （每空一词）
I don’t understand 1. ______ some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home . Kids these days already have enough stress 2. _______ school . They don’t have time to study and 3. _______ housework , too . Housework is a 4. ______ of their time . They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to 5. ________ good grades and get into a good university .
随着年龄的增长，青少年逐渐想要脱离父母的束缚，但是遇到烦恼和问题的时候又需要有人帮忙提供建议。 那么青少年的角度，你觉得如何才能和父母沟通的更好 。请根据以上提示写一篇不少于80词的短文。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Units 3-4
1. sweep 2. fold 3. ill 4. depend 5. borrow 6. allow 7. on 8. copy 9. explain 10. relations
1. make 2. argued 3. taking 4. keeping 5. living 6. fishing 7. push 8. pressure 9. development 10. cloudy
1-5 BACBA 6-10 ABBCC
1-5 DCAFB
1. Have too much homework to do 2. What should I do 3. I guess I could 4. Thanks for your advice 5. work out
1-5 BAEDI 6-10 CLFHG
(A) 1-5 BADCB
(B ) 1-5 ADBEC
(C ) 1-5 TFTFT
(D ) 1-5 DCEAB
(E ) 1 Clothes 2. more fashionable 3. be more friendly 4. healthier 5. better grades
(F ) 1. It stands for “fail”
2 It was first used in 1897 .
3 Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”
4 They thought it was an easy , fair and clear way to grade students
5 Because they are familiar and easy for parents to understand .
VIII (A ) 1. why 2. from 3. do 4. waste 5. get
(B ) Nowdays , students can not communicate with parents well . Many students think it’s hard to talk with their parents . How to communicate with our parents ? Here are some suggestions . First , try to talk to your parents politely , or they will not feel like to talk to you . Second , try to think about your parents more , so you will find that you can understand them . Also , do not forget to care your parents , they will be pleased if you do that and they will be happy to listen to you too, If you feel hard to communicate with them , you ca tell your parents about this situation , maybe they will think about themselves and try to understand you . By doing these things , you can talk you your parents more easily .
