第十五讲 八年级下册 Units 9-10 教材梳理整合
基础知识梳理
【话题】
Unit 9：Fun places Unit 10: Living environment
【词汇总结】
名词：
1 照相机__________ 2 发明_________ 3 表演；演出_______ 4 省份________
5 春天____________ 6 记忆；回忆______ 7 玩具__________ 8 卧室_________
9 家乡____________ 10 羞耻；羞愧________ 11 世纪_________ 12 童年_______
动词：
1 发明；创造_________ 2 鼓励__________ 3 收集；采集_________
4 拥有；有__________ 5 将...认为；把...视为______ 6 数数_________
7 注视；仔细考虑________ 8 拥有；抓住 _______
形容词：
1 难以置信的_________ 2 迅速的；快速的__________ 3 特别的；不寻常的________
4 社会的_____________ 5 和平的；安宁的___________ 6 完美的；完全的_________
7 安全的____________ 8 甜蜜的；甜的____________ 9 软的；柔软的_________
10 诚实的______
副词
1 仅仅；只；不过_________ 2 主要地；通常_________
3 尤其；特别；格外_________ 4 现今；现在；目前_________
介词
1 在（其）中；....之一_________
连词
1 不管...(还是）; 或者...(或者) ；是否________
2 在任何....的时候；无论何时_________
兼类词
1 进步；进展 （v. n. )_____________
2 德国的；德语的；德国人的（adj.) 德语；德国人（n . )______
3 害怕；惧怕（v.n. )__________ 4 印度的（adj. ) 印度人（n. )_______
5 日本的；日本人的；日语的（adj. ) 日本人；日语（n. )____________
6 检查；审查(v.n. )________ 7 搜索；搜查(v.n. )_____________
8 在.....对面；与...相对 （prep) 对面的；另一边的（adj. )_________
【短语归纳】
1 鼓励某人做某事_________________ 2 a group of ___________ 3 数以千计的__________
4 all the year round ______________ 5 check out ____________ 6 clear out _________
7 至于；关于_________________ 8 说实在的_____________ 9 依据；按照__________
10 close to __________________ 11 part with ________________
12 on the one hand ... on the other hand _________________
【句子提炼】
-- ______ you ever ______ _____ a science museum ?你曾经去过科学博物馆吗？
--Yes, I have . I ____ to the National Science Museum last year . 是的， 我去过。 我去年去过国家科学博物馆。
2 --______ you ever ______ _______ a history museum ? 你曾经去过历史博物馆吗？
--No, I haven’t . 不， 我没去过。
--_______ ______ . Let’s go to one tomorrow. 我也没去过。 咱们明天去历史博物馆吗？
3 -- ______ ____ have you had that bike over there ?你买那边的那个自行车多长时间？
--I’ve had it _____ three years . 我买了三年了。
______ _____ this magazine _____ a couple of months . 这本杂志我买了几个月了。
I’ve had them _______ ________ _____ a child . 从我还是个小孩起， 我就拥有它们了。
【交际用语】
It’s really interesting , isn’t it ？
That sounds fun.
Thanks so much !
【语法小结】
现在完成时的用法。
分数表达法。
知识考点清单
考点一 have been to 的用法和易混搭配
教材原文 Have you ever been to a museum ?你曾经去过博物馆吗？
have been to 意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。该结构可以和just , ever , never 等搭配，还可以和次数搭配，表示“去过某地几次”
I have just been to the post office . 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall . 玛丽从来没有去过长城 。
They has never been to Beijing three times. 他们去过北京三次了。
辨析：have been to 的易混搭配
have gone to
意为“到某地去了”， 表示某人不在说话人处， 某人去了某地还未回来，或者在去某地的途中。
have been in
意为“已经在某地待了多长时间”，通常和时间段搭配。
Tom isn’t in . He has gone to the bookshop . 汤姆不在家。 他去书店了。
They have been in Canada for five years 他们在加拿大住了五年时间。
例1 （2019重庆巴南期末21题1分）--Hello! May I speak to Alice ?
--Sorry , she ______ Shanghai .
A have gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has gone to
解析 根据本题语境可知，Alice 现在不在说话人处，而是去上海了，或者在去上海的途中，由此可知，have gone to 符合题意，主语是she , 故答案为has gone to .
答案：D
即时训练
1（2019山东青岛李沧一模9题1分）My parents ______ Shangdong since they were born.
A have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
考点二 encourage的用法和搭配
教材原文 It also encourages governments and social groups to think about ways to improve toilets in the future. 它还鼓励和社会团体想办法去改进未来的厕所。
encourage 作动词，意为“鼓励”，是及物动词，其后可以直接跟宾语。
Her parents often encourage her in her studies . 她的父母经常在学习方面鼓励她。
搭配：encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
I got fatter and Lisa encouraged me to lose weight . 我变胖了，莉萨鼓励我减肥。
例2 （2019山东济南槐荫期中50题1分）The teacher always encourages the students ______ their dreams.
A achieve B. to achieve C. achieving D. achieved
解析: 句意：老师总是鼓励学生们去实现他们的梦想。 根据encourage sb to do sth 的搭配可知答案 。
答案：B
即时训练
2 (2019山东泰安中考下5题1分）根据句意和汉语提示写出所缺的单词
Teenagers should be ______ (鼓励）to learn and spread Chinese traditional culture .
考点三 to be honest 的搭配和honest 的用法
教材原文As for me , I did not want to give up my football shirts , but , to be honest , I have not played for a while now .至于我，我不想放弃我的橄榄球球衣， 但说实话，我现在已经有一段时间不玩（球）了。
to be honest 意为“说实在的；说实话”。
To be honest , I don’t think it will be possible . 说实话，我认为这是不可能的。
拓展：honest adj.诚实的
反义词：dishonest adj. 不诚实的
His behavior shows that he is an honest man 他的行为表明他是一个诚实的人。
例3 (2019四川成都七中实验学校月考5题1分）John is _____ honest boy . He is telling the truth .
A a B. an C. the
解析:句意：约翰是一个诚实的男孩人，他说的是实话。“一个诚实的男孩”要用an honest boy 。
答案 B
即时训练
3 (2019安徽合肥西苑中学期中69题）根据首字母和汉语c 提示写出所缺的单词
Jimmy is an h_______ (诚实的) boy and he never tells a lie.
4 (2019山东济南长清期末40题改编）You needn’t regret missing the film . _____ , it is not good at all .
A To be honest B. For example C. To begin with D. At last
参考答案
词汇总结
名词：1. camera 2. invention 3. performance 4. province 5. spring 6. memory 7. toy 8. bedroom 9. hometown 10. shame 11. century 12. childhood
动词： 1. invent 2. encourage 3. collect 4. own 5. regard 6. count 7. consider 8. hold
形容词：1. unbelievable 2. rapid 3. unusual 4. social 5. peaceful 6. perfect 7. safe 8 sweet 9. soft 10. honest /truthful
副词： 1. simply 2. mostly 3. especially 4. nowadays
介词: among
兼类词：1.progress 2. German 3. fear 4. Indian 5. Japanese 6. check 7. search 8. opposite
短语
encourage sb to do sth 2. 两个；一对；几个 3 thousands of 4. 全年 5.察看；观察 6. 清理；丢理 7 as for 8. to be honest 9. according to 10. 几乎；接近 11. 放弃；交出（尤指不舍得的东西） 12 一方面...另一方面...
句式提炼
Have; been to ; went 2. Have ; been to ; Me neither 3. How long ; for 4. I’ve had ; for 5. since I was
即时训练
A 2. encouraged 3. honest 4. A
八年级下册
Units 9-10
根据所给句子，填入一个适当的词，使句意完整。
--Have you ______ been to a zoo ?
--Yes, I have .
Thanks to my English teacher , I have made great ______ in my English study .
Jim’s hobby is ______ old coins .
My parents often ______ me to be more confident .
Changchun is the capital of Jilin _______ .
Candies are too ______ to eat too much .
Our family is going to have a ______ sale this Sunday .
We usually use a digital （数字的) _______ to take photos .
The old man ______ the dog as his own son .
Junk food is bad for us ______ for children .
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
The house _____ (it ) is not particularly to my mind , but I like its environment .
I ______ (check ) my paper carefully before I handed it in .
I make my dream come true by chance this time , and it’s really ______ (believe )
Most of the ______ (German ) speak German .
It’s a (an) ________ (usual ) problem to solve .
The old things that father made in the room bring me many ______ (memory ) of my father.
They ______ (most ) live in the city .
We should be careful with every _______（coin)
My little son can _______ (count) from 1 to 100.
She could not give him a ______ (true) answer .
III 单项选择
( ) 1. _____ doctors are against H7N9 in China .
A Thousands B. A thousand of C. Thousands of
( ) 2. Our English teacher is very nice . We _____ friends since three years ago.
A were B. have been C. became
( ) 3. I ______ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai .
A didn’t hear from B. don’t hear from C. haven’t heard from
( ) 4. --How long _____ you _____ this book ?
--Since two year ago .
A did ; buy B. have ; had C. have ; bought
( ) 5. Mr. Smith doesn’t like to go _______ . He’s like to go to the amusement park .
A somewhere ; boring B. boring somewhere C. anywhere boring
( ) 6. --Can I go toady or tomorrow ?
--_____ you like .
A However B. Whoever C. Whenever
( ) 7. --Anna , have you _____ seen China’s Got Talent (达人秀）？
--Of course . I _____it last weekend .
A never ; saw B. ever ;have seen C. ever ; saw
( ) 8. -- _____ have you stayed in this city ?
--For about five years .
A How long B. How far C. How soon
( ) 9. Twelve years has passed _____ the CCTV event People Who Moved China took place in 2002
A when B. while C. since
( ) 10. --Have you visited your grandparents yet ?
--No, I haven’t .
--______ .
A It’s a shame B. That’s OK C. It doesn’t matter
完成对话 从方框中选择正确选项，交将其字母序号写在对话后面的横线上。（方框中有一个选项与对话内容无关）
I’ll ask my uncle to show you how to surf .
No, I ave never been there .
He taught me surfing .
I can go surfing with you.
I went to Sanya with my parents .
My pleasure .
A:Hi, Tom. I haven’t seen you for a few days . Where have you been ?
B:__1__
A:Really ? What’s the weather like in Sanya ?
B:Oh, it’s very warm . My uncle is working there . He likes water sports , especially swimming and surfing . He is good at surfing . __2___Now I can surf by myself . Have you ever been to Sanya ?
A: __3___ I think I can go there this summer .
B:Great ! I will g to Sanya this summer , too. __4___
A: It sounds cool, but I don’t know how to surf .
B: Don’t worry . ___5___
A:By the way , where is your uncle now ?
B:He has gone to Beijing on business .
__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.________ 5._______
V 补全对话 根据对话内容，填写适当的话语，使对话完整、正确 。（每空词数不限）
A: Hello, Emma ！ 1. ______________________?
B: Yes, I have . I went there two years ago .
A: 2. _________________________?
B: Great ! Qingdao is a very beautiful place , especially the beaches .
A: 3. _________________________?
B: Yes, I swam in the sea every day .
A: What else did you do ?
B: 4. ______________________.
A: When did you learn to boat ?
B: I learned it from my uncle before I went there.
A: 5. _________________________?
B:Yes, I’d like to . I’ll teach you how to boat next summer holiday .
VI 短文填空 从方框中选择正确选项，完成短文。（方框中有两个选项是多余的）
A sell B. time C. quietly D. slowly E . pick up F. had
G nobody H. great I. replied J. tired K. boys L. town .
Have you ever offered a helping hand to those who are in trouble ?
One day , two __1__ were walking along the road to school when they saw an old woman carrying a large basket of pears . They thought the woman looked very __2___ . They went up to her and said , “Are you going to town ?If you are , we will help carry your basket .”
“Thank you .” __3__ the woman , “you are very kind . You see I’m weak and ill.”
Then she told them that she was now going to market to __4__ the pears which grew on the only tree in her little garden .
“We are all going to the __5___ ,” said the boys . “Let us have the basket .” And they took hold of it , one each side . They walked __6__ whit the heavy basket , but happily .
The other day , I saw a little girl stop and ___7__ a piece of orange peel (皮) , which she threw into the dustbin (垃圾桶）, “I wish ___8__ would throw that on the sidewalk .” said she . “Someone may step on it and fall.”
Perhaps some may say that these are not ___9__ things . That is right . But such a little thing shows that you have a thoughtful mind and a feeling heart . We must not wait for the ___10___ to do great things . We must begin with little things of love .
_________ 2._________ 3.___________ 4.____________ 5.___________
6.___________ 7.__________ 8.___________ 9.____________ 10.___________
VII. 阅读理解
(A)
What was discovered by accident ? The answer is penicillin (青霉素) . It kills germs . By killing germs , it saves lives . Suppose you are sick . You go to a doctor . She examines you . She says you have a “staph” infection (葡萄球菌感染）. She gives you some medicines . You take it . The medicine knocks out the staph . Soon you are well . Before penicillin , this would not happen . Staph was almost sure death .
Everyone wanted a medicine . Laboratories worked day and night . They threw the staph in small dishes . Then they tried to kill it . Nothing worked .
The laboratory dishes had covers on them . They kept things from falling into dishes . Molds (霉菌) were a big worry . They are always in the air . You can’t see them . They’re too small. There are thousands of different molds . Molds can make an experiment (实验) fail . That’s why dishes are covered .
Dr. Alexander Fleming was working to kill the staph germ. He worked for years . One day he took a cover off a dish . He looked inside. There was a thick growth of staph germ . There was also some mold . Then he saw something strange . Where the mold was , there was no growth of staph . This is what Fleming probably thought . “By accident , I found a mold to kill the dreaded staph.”
This is how penicillin was found . But here’s the real miracle (奇迹) . There are thousands of kinds of molds . But only one kind can kill staph . The mold must have fallen into the dish a few days before . The cover was probably off only a few seconds （秒) . In those few seconds the right mold fell into the right dish . Another man might have thrown the dish away . But Fleming was very careful and smart . He understood what the mold did . How lucky the humans were !
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
( ) 1. During the experiments to find a medicine for staph infections , _____ .
A the dishes were not covered B. staph and mold were put together
C mold was kept in small dishes D. staph was grown in small dishes
( ) 2. The word “dreaded” means “_____”
A famous B. scary C. healthy D. endangered
( ) 3. The last paragraph suggests that ______ .
A accidents happen to everyone
B the careful person does not have accidents
C the careless person will miss valuable chances
D luck is enough when doing scientific experiments
( ) 4. Most of this passage is written by ______ .
A telling an unusual story B. showing the results of experiments
C offering some reasons D. giving some advice
( ) 5. This passage is mainly about _____ .
A medicine for a staph infection B. useful accidents
C Dr. Fleming’s research D. discovering penicillin
(B)
( ) 1. In the United States , working wives do about 75% of the housework . Many of their husbands say they want to help . But When they burn the rice , they can’t find the pans . They ask so many questions that their wives do the job themselves .
( ) 2. American and British people both speak English , of course , it does not seem like the same language . In fact , there are some important differences between British English and American English .
( ) 3. Some people think that one day we will not read books made of paper . Instead we will buy and read books using computers . We will read texts on small pocket computers . They are glad about the new way to read .
( ) 4. If you are visiting an East African village , everyone will be very careful not to pay attention to you . The polite thing there will be for you to go quietly , without speaking to anyone , and sit beside your friend . You should wait until he has finished what he is doing and then he will begin talking to you .
( ) 5. We should not just study Chinese for ourselves , but we also need to study China for the entire world . Even if people from other countries , do study China and Chinese , it can sometimes be difficult to fully understand it without having the same experiences we have , therefore , we need to become the experts in our own language and our own culture for serving them better.
根据陈述内容，选择相匹配选项。
Sunshine House
English is different in America and England .
Women do more housework than men in the US.
The manners in East Africa
It’s glad for some people to use a new way to read books .
Learning China and Chinese for the world
( C )
Cindy : This year , there are a lot of new teachers at school and today we are with one of them Mr. Smith , the new French teacher . Mr. Smith , why did you come to Kingley School ?
Mr. Smith : Well , I was working in France but one day I saw an ad for this job on the Internet . I came back home , got the job and here I am .
Cindy: So how long have you been in Kingley now ?
Mr. Smith : Let me see . I moved here in the summer holidays in July and then we started . And now it’s September , you know.
Cindy: Have you taught in Kingley before ?
Mr. Smith : Yes, I have . I worked in a school on Hill Road a few years ago . I love it here .
Cindy : Have you met many people yet ?
Mr. Smith : Yes, I have . It isn’t a big town . Everyone knows everyone else . That’s nice .
Cindy : Well , thank you for talking to me . I hope you won’t give us lots of homework .
阅读短文，判断句子（T）、误（F）
( ) 1. Cindy is a student
( ) 2. Mr. Smith has been in the new school about 3 weeks .
( ) 3. Mr. Smith is an English teacher .
( ) 4. Mr. Smith never taught in Kingley before .
( ) 5. Everyone knows everyone else in the town .
(D )
Our trip to the Ming Museum
On Tuesday 4th April , we took a bus to travel to the Mining (矿业） Museum because we had learning about the Gold Rushes.
__1___ . We went past some famous places such as Sydney Harbor and the Open House along the way . We also chatted to our friends about what we had seen on TV last night .
When we arrived at the Mining Museum , we were taken to a room where we stored our bags . Our guide , Alison , then introduced us to a man named Bruce Binkley who is a miner .
Mr. Binkley talked to us about how people used to look for gold . __2___ . It seemed simple . You get a pan , fill it with dirt and water and then swirl (旋动）it around until the big stones are washed out along with other things . Gold , being heavier , is left at the bottom .
Next , we walked upstairs to look at pictures, information and samples (样品) of gold . We filled in a worksheet about the early discoveries of gold in Australia . __3__ . That part was really exciting because you had to imagine that you were a miner digging for gold .
Lunch was spent in a nearby park . __4__ . They were yummy ! We also played hide-and-seek while we were there .
__5___ . We boarded the bus and felt very tired . Some children even slept on the bus !
It was an enjoyable trip to the Mining Museum .
根据短文内容，将下面方框内的句子不原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺。
I had two ham sandwiches .
Finally , it was time to return to school .
The trip into the city was interesting .
He then showed us how to pan for gold .
There were also some interesting gold computer games to play .
__________ 2._________ 3._________ 4.________ 5.__________
( E )
Which is the best city in Europe ? Each city has its special feature (特点) . It depends on (取决于）what a person likes and dislikes . Now let’s see the three most popular cities in Europe .
London , the United Kingdom
If you like ale (麦芽酒）, or you are interested in history , you will like this city . The best time to visit London is from May to October . You can visit the British Museum , the Tate Modern and the Westminster Palace .
Amsterdam , Holland
People who like art will like this city . And it is also a great place to go bike-riding . In April or May you can see many beautiful tulips (郁金香) there. July and August are the best two months to visit . The Royal Palace and the Rijksmuseum are great places to see .
Paris , France
Tourists who love art or traditional food will like this city . Spring is the best time to visit . Summer is also a good time . The Louvre and the Eiffel Tower are the greatest places to visit .
根据对话内容，完成句子。（每空一词）
The three most popular cities in Europe
London
People who love ale or are interested in 1. _______ will like this city . The best time to visit it is from 2. ______ to October .
Amsterdam
It is a great city for people who like art and who want to 3. ________ bike-riding . If you visit the city in April to May , you can see many beautiful tulips .
Paris
If you like 4. ________ or traditional food , you will like to visit this place . 5. _______ is the best time to go .
(F)
George and Jack were friends and neighbors . They were both policeman . And they sometimes went out together in a police car and drove around in town for a few hours .
One evening they got into the car at the police station and drove around from eight o’clock to midnight . At first the town was quiet , but then , at half past eleven , there were a few drunken people in the streets .
George stopped the car , and Jack went to them and said , “Go home” Then there was another drunken man .George said to Jack , “Look Jack .That man’s going round and round a tree , and he’s knocking at it all the time .”
George stopped the car , and Jack got out and went to the man . “go home” he said to the man .
The drunken man stopped , looked at Jack for a few seconds and then answered , “Don’t be stupid ! There’s a wall right round me .”
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
What did George and Jack do ?
_____________________________________________________________
What did they do one evening ?
____________________________________________________________
Who did they see in the streets at half past eleven ?
_____________________________________________________________
What did Jack ask the drunken people to do ?
______________________________________________________________
Was there a wall right round the last drunken man ?
___________________________________________________________________
VIII.书面表达
（A)现在的中学生都很爱帮助他人，假如你有机会成为一名志愿者，请完成下面的短文。（每空词数不限）
I like to help people 1._________ . I enjoy singing . So, if I have 2. _______ to help others . I’d like to be a teacher to teach children many songs 3. ________ I like . I love children . Looking at their sweet smile is so happy . And I think it’s also my honor to 4. ______ others happier . If I am 5. ______ . I will be a great one.
（B )每天上下班的高峰时段，我们城市的交通都不堪重负，尤其以学校门口最为严重，请根据这个现象写一篇不少于80个单词左右的文章。
要求： 1. 学校上下学期间交通拥堵（traffic jam ) 已经成了一个非常严重的问题。
你觉得产生这个问题的原因是什么 。
假如现在请你作为学校代表来协助解决这个问题，你有什么好的建议。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Units 9-10
1. ever 2. progress 3. collecting 4. encourage / tell 5. province 6. sweet 7. yard 8. camera 9. regards 10. especially
1. itself 2. checked 3. unbelievable 4. Germans 5. unusual 6. memories 7. mostly 8. coin 9. count 10. truthful
1-5 CBCBC 6-10 ECBDA
1-5 ECBDA
1. Have you ever been to Qingdao 2. How do you like it 3. Did you swim in the sea 4. I boated sometimes 5. Would you like to teach me how to boat
1-5 KJIAL 6-10 DEGHB
(A ) 1-5 DBCAD
(B ) 1-5 BADCE
(C ) 1-5 TFFFT
(D ) 1-5 CDEAB
(E ) 1. History 2. May 3. go 4. art 5. Spring
(F ) 1. They were policemen
They got into the car at the police station and drove around for 8:00 to midnight .
He asked them to go home
No, there wasn’t
(A ) 1. very much 2. a chance 3. that /which 4. make 5. a volunteer .
(B ) 略
